CBSE Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development MCQs Set 10

Answer: (b) Alluvial soil

Explanation:
1. Khadar is the newer, more fertile alluvium found in river floodplains, a type of alluvial soil.

Teacher's Note:
a) Khadar is newer alluvial soil found in floodplains.
b) Bangar, by contrast, is the older alluvium found on higher ground.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Plantations, pasture lands and ponds are all examples of resources that can be individually owned.

Teacher's Note:
a) All three — plantation, pasture land, ponds — can be individually owned resources.
b) This differs from community-owned resources like public grazing grounds.

Answer: (b) Sustainable

Explanation:
1. Resource planning ensures the sustainable existence of all forms of life, balancing use with conservation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Resource planning aims for sustainable existence of life forms.
b) This balances present use against future availability.

Answer: (a) Shelter belt

Explanation:
1. Shelter belts — rows of trees planted to block wind — are used to reduce the force of wind and prevent soil erosion.

Teacher's Note:
a) Shelter belts (tree rows) are used to break wind force.
b) This helps prevent wind erosion of soil, notably in western India.

Answer: (a) Rio de Janeiro

Explanation:
1. The first International Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
b) It was a landmark global conference on environment and development.

Answer: (b) Developed resources

Explanation:
1. Since these geothermal sites have been surveyed, with their quality and quantity determined for use, they count as developed resources.

Teacher's Note:
a) Puga and Parvati valley geothermal energy are developed resources.
b) They have been surveyed and quantified, unlike merely potential resources.

Answer: (d) Black soil

Explanation:
1. Black soil is popularly known as 'black cotton soil' because it is especially well-suited for growing cotton.

Teacher's Note:
a) Black soil is called black cotton soil for its suitability to cotton cultivation.
b) It is also known as regur soil.

Answer: (c) Developed resources

Explanation:
1. Developed resources are those that have been surveyed, with quality and quantity determined, making them ready for use.

Teacher's Note:
a) Developed resources have been surveyed and measured for use.
b) This differs from potential resources, which remain unutilised.

Answer: (d) Overdrawing of groundwater

Explanation:
1. Overdrawing of groundwater harms land and is not a conservation measure, unlike strip cropping, terracing and shelter belts, which all help conserve soil.

Teacher's Note:
a) Overdrawing groundwater harms the land rather than conserving it.
b) Strip cropping, terracing and shelter belts are all genuine conservation measures.

Answer: (d) Non-renewable

Explanation:
1. Iron ore is a mineral resource that takes a very long geological time to form, making it non-renewable.

Teacher's Note:
a) Iron ore is a non-renewable mineral resource.
b) It cannot be replenished within a human timescale once extracted.

Answer: (a) Replenishable

Explanation:
1. Tidal energy is continuously renewed by natural tidal cycles, making it a replenishable (renewable) resource.

Teacher's Note:
a) Tidal energy is replenishable, driven by ongoing tidal cycles.
b) Unlike minerals or fossil fuels, it does not get depleted with use.

Answer: (d) Over-irrigation

Explanation:
1. Over-irrigation in Punjab has led to waterlogging and soil salinity, degrading agricultural land.

Teacher's Note:
a) Over-irrigation causes waterlogging and salinity in Punjab's soils.
b) This is a direct consequence of intensive canal/tubewell irrigation.

Answer: (b) Gujarat

Explanation:
1. Black soil (regur) is prominently found in Gujarat, along with Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

Teacher's Note:
a) Gujarat is a major black-soil (regur) region.
b) Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh are other major black-soil states.

Answer: (a) 33%

Explanation:
1. The National Forest Policy targets 33% of India's land area under forest cover.

Teacher's Note:
a) The National Forest Policy's target is 33% forest cover.
b) India's actual forest cover remains below this target.

Answer: (b) Stock

Explanation:
1. Such materials are classed as 'stock' — usable in principle, but inaccessible with current technology.

Teacher's Note:
a) Stock refers to materials usable in future, once suitable technology exists.
b) They differ from developed resources, which are already surveyed and in use.

Answer: (b) 12 nautical miles

Explanation:
1. India's territorial waters extend up to 12 nautical miles from the coast.

Teacher's Note:
a) India's territorial waters extend 12 nautical miles from the coast.
b) The Exclusive Economic Zone extends much further, up to 200 nautical miles.

Answer: (d) Non-renewable resources

Explanation:
1. Resources requiring a long geological time to form, such as minerals and fossil fuels, are classed as non-renewable.

Teacher's Note:
a) Long formation time is a defining feature of non-renewable resources.
b) Minerals and fossil fuels are the classic examples.

Answer: (d) Gross cropped area

Explanation:
1. Gross cropped area equals the net sown area plus any area sown more than once in the same agricultural year.

Teacher's Note:
a) Gross cropped area = net sown area + area sown more than once.
b) This distinguishes it from net sown area, which counts land only once regardless of multiple crops.

Answer: (d) 130 million hectares

Explanation:
1. India's total degraded land is estimated at about 130 million hectares.

Teacher's Note:
a) India has roughly 130 million hectares of degraded land.
b) This affects both agricultural productivity and the environment.

Answer: (b) Over-irrigation

Explanation:
1. Over-irrigation in these states has caused waterlogging and salinity, degrading the land.

Teacher's Note:
a) Over-irrigation is the main land-degradation cause in Punjab, Haryana and western UP.
b) This is consistent with the earlier point on Punjab's land degradation.

Answer: (c) Alluvial soil

Explanation:
1. Alluvial soil, deposited by the northern rivers, is the most common and widespread soil type across Northern India.

Teacher's Note:
a) Alluvial soil, deposited by rivers, dominates Northern India.
b) It makes the northern plains some of India's most fertile agricultural land.

Answer: (c) Eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau

Explanation:
1. Red soil is mostly found in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.

Teacher's Note:
a) Red soil is concentrated in the eastern and southern Deccan plateau.
b) Its colour comes from the diffusion of iron in the underlying rocks.

Answer: (c) Diffusion of iron in igneous and metamorphic rocks

Explanation:
1. Red soil's colour comes from the diffusion of iron in the crystalline and metamorphic rocks from which it forms.

Teacher's Note:
a) Iron diffusion in igneous/metamorphic rock gives red soil its colour.
b) It's a chemical/mineralogical cause, not a moisture or clay-content effect.

Answer: (d) Duration of day

Explanation:
1. Relief, parent rock and climate all shape soil formation; the duration of daylight hours is not a recognised factor in soil formation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Relief, parent rock and climate are genuine soil-formation factors.
b) Day length has no established role in how soil forms.

Answer: (c) Regur

Explanation:
1. Black soil is also known as regur soil, especially suited to cotton cultivation.

Teacher's Note:
a) Black soil's other name is regur soil.
b) Bangar and khadar instead refer to types of alluvial soil.