CBSE Class 10 Social Science Power Sharing MCQs Set 05

Answer: (b) Eelam means a separate state for Tamils in Tamil-dominated regions in Sri Lanka

Explanation:
1. 'Eelam' refers to the demand for a separate Tamil state in Sri Lanka's Tamil-majority regions.

Teacher's Note:
a) Eelam is the name for the demanded separate Tamil state.
b) This demand arose from the Sri Lankan Tamils' sense of exclusion under majoritarian policies.

Answer: (b) (II) only

Explanation:
1. India demonstrates horizontal power sharing among different organs of government; the UK and Sri Lanka examples here do not correctly represent vertical sharing or federal division respectively (Sri Lanka being historically a unitary, not federal, state).

Teacher's Note:
a) Only 'Horizontal power sharing – India' is correctly matched here.
b) Sri Lanka is historically a unitary state, not a federal one, so that pairing is wrong.

Answer: (a) People belonging to the respective linguistic communities

Explanation:
1. Belgium's community governments are elected specifically by people belonging to each linguistic community (German, French or Dutch).

Teacher's Note:
a) Each linguistic community elects its own community government.
b) This is distinct from a general nationwide election covering all Belgian citizens.

Answer: (b) (III), (IV), (II), (I)

Explanation:
1. Sri Lanka gained independence in 1948 (III); tensions in Belgium between linguistic groups rose over the following decades (IV); Belgium's constitutional amendments for inclusivity were finalised around 1993 (II); and Sri Lanka's civil war ended in 2009 (I).

Teacher's Note:
a) Correct order: Sri Lanka's independence → Belgian tensions → Belgian constitutional amendment → Sri Lankan civil war ends.
b) This traces both countries' parallel but very different paths in managing ethnic/linguistic diversity.

Answer: (c) Devising laws to accommodate the ethnic differences of citizens to ensure peace

Explanation:
1. Belgium's approach of accommodating ethnic/linguistic differences through constitutional arrangements, rather than majoritarian or divisive policies, is the lesson most applicable to preventing Sri Lanka's civil war.

Teacher's Note:
a) Belgium accommodated ethnic differences through constitutional power-sharing, avoiding conflict.
b) Sri Lanka's majoritarian approach, by contrast, deepened ethnic tensions and led to civil war.

Answer: (c) North Korea doesn't recognise any religion other than the state religion

Explanation:
1. India, Belgium and the USA all accommodate religious/cultural diversity in different ways, while North Korea's refusal to recognise any religion but its own state ideology represents the opposite, non-accommodating approach, making it the odd one out.

Teacher's Note:
a) India, Belgium and the USA each accommodate diversity in their own way.
b) North Korea's single-religion policy is the opposite approach, making it the odd one out.

Answer: (a) Concentration of power under one centre undermines the concept of democracy

Explanation:
1. A single centre holding all power directly contradicts democracy's core principle of distributing power among citizens and institutions.

Teacher's Note:
a) Concentrating all power in one centre undermines democracy's core principle.
b) Democracy instead calls for distributing power among citizens and institutions.

Answer: (d) Among different genders

Explanation:
1. India's recognised forms of power sharing are among different organs of government, among different levels of government, and among different social groups; gender is not formally recognised as a separate power-sharing category in this framework.

Teacher's Note:
a) India's three recognised power-sharing forms are organs, levels and social groups.
b) Gender-based power sharing is not formally part of this specific framework, even though measures like reservations address it separately.

Answer: (a) Northern Part

Explanation:
1. Northern Sri Lanka has historically been a Tamil-majority region, making it the likeliest location for Tamil-medium institutions.

Teacher's Note:
a) Northern Sri Lanka is the Tamil-majority region.
b) This is where Tamil-medium institutions would most likely be concentrated.

Answer: (c) Reservation of seats

Explanation:
1. Reservation of seats (e.g. for women in local bodies) is a concrete, direct example of power sharing between genders, unlike the broader vertical/horizontal categories.

Teacher's Note:
a) Seat reservation for women is a direct gender-based power-sharing measure.
b) Vertical/horizontal sharing instead describe sharing between levels or organs of government, not genders.

Answer: (c) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

Explanation:
1. Ethnic refers to classification by shared culture (IV); civil war is conflict between opposing groups (III); prudential refers to the calculation of gains and losses (II); and majoritarianism is the policy of letting the majority community rule (I).

Teacher's Note:
a) Ethnic = shared-culture classification; Civil war = conflict between groups.
b) Prudential = weighing gains/losses; Majoritarianism = majority-rule policy.

Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation:
1. Citizens do need multiple candidates to choose from, and this requirement is correctly explained by healthy multi-party political competition.

Teacher's Note:
a) Having multiple candidates to choose from reflects healthy multi-party competition.
b) Both statements are true, and R correctly explains why A matters in a democracy.

Answer: (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong

Explanation:
1. Judges genuinely can check the executive and legislature despite being appointed by the executive (A is true), but this is due to constitutional independence of the judiciary, not because it is 'superior and more experienced' (R is a false/unsupported claim).

Teacher's Note:
a) Judicial independence, not claimed superiority, is why courts can check the executive.
b) A is correct, but R's reasoning is unsupported and incorrect.