UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Composition Chapter 2 Unseen Passage

From U.P. Board Examination Papers

Exercise 1

 

Question 1. Answer the questions based on the unseen passage.
Answer:
(a) Summary: Permanent success can be attained only by self help. Generally people blame others for their failure while a man of self help never blames others. He analyses his own actions and tries to overcome his own shortcomings. He does not rest till he succeeds in his aim. Thus not only his friends but also his enemies congratulate him. Taking responsibility for our own actions is the first step toward true independence.
(b) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘Self Help’.
(c)
(i) Many people regard others responsible for their own failures.
(ii) We should never rest till we achieve success.
In simple words: Real success comes from our own hard work and not from blaming others. We should learn from our mistakes and keep trying until we succeed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure your summary captures the core message of the passage, and choose a title that is short and directly related to the main theme.

Exercise 1 (Continued)
Answer:
(d) We should never rest till we achieve success.
(e) A man of self help never blames others for his failures but analyses his own actions to overcome his shortcomings. (2012) This self-reflection is crucial for personal growth and future achievements.
In simple words: We must keep working hard until we succeed and take responsibility for our own mistakes to improve.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always emphasize self-reliance and continuous effort when answering questions about personal success and self-help.

 

Exercise 2

 

Question. Provide the answers and summary for Exercise 2.
Answer:
(a) (i) (b) The sick man will refuse to touch the most delicious food. He would imagine him to be happy if he is as healthy as even his lowest servant who is not sick. The reason is the healthy servant enjoys whatever coarse cheap or little food he gets.
(c) Health is Wealth
(d)
(i) Cannot out weigh the suffering of the sick. All the joys that life can give cannot be more in importance than the suffering of the sick. In other words the suffering of the sick exceed many times the joys.
(ii) The miserable beggars with health sleep sweetly. The beggars lead a miserable life. The reason is they are devoid of every comfort. Yet they possess one thing that surpasses all the scarcities and that is their being healthy. They have a sound sleep while lying on hard stony floor without any mattress to lie on and quilt to cover themselves and protect against cold. True health brings a peace of mind that no amount of material wealth can ever buy.
(e) Summary : Loss of health is the greatest misfortune. Silken bed, tasty and choicest foods and all the wealth will be useless for him. He will not be able to enjoy sound sleep. While the poorest man who eats a piece of dry bread and has no comfort except good health, will enjoy a sound sleep and will be full of happiness. Thus, health is the greatest boon for everybody. (2012)
In simple words: Good health is more valuable than any wealth or luxury. Even a poor beggar who is healthy can sleep peacefully, while a rich but sick person cannot enjoy any of their comforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a summary, focus on the main contrast between health and wealth, and keep your sentences clear and concise.

 

Exercise 3

 

Question. Provide the answers and summary for Exercise 3.
Answer:
(a) Sir Waltered Raleigh smoked tobacco.
(b) The servant rushed up to his master with water because seeing his master smoking, he thought that his clothes must have caught fire.
(c) When the servant saw the clouds of smoke he rushed to his master and poured water on him.
(d) Summary : Sir Walter Raleigh was fond of smoking tobacco. He was the first man to indulge in the habit of smoking tobacoo in England. One day his servant saw him smoking. He thought his master’s clothes had caught fire. So he threw a bucket full of water over his master and ran to bring more. This humorous misunderstanding highlights the unfamiliarity of smoking during that era.
(e) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘A Faithful Servant’. (2012)
In simple words: Sir Walter Raleigh's servant mistook his smoking for a fire and threw water on him to save him, showing his loyal but confused nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: For summary writing, ensure you capture the main event (the misunderstanding of smoking as a fire) and keep the narrative chronological.

 

Exercise 4

 

Question. Provide the answers and summary for Exercise 4.
Answer:
(a) Summary : In this passage the writer describes that Napoleon never lost heart in difficulties and discouragements of life but he faced them and marched forward. This is the golden rule of successes and victories for all heroes. The writer prescribes this rule for all kinds of people of the world. We should never be discouraged in any type of odds of life. The man who is always marching forward will win over all misfortunes and losses. So remember that continuous efforts to recover the loss by new energy and new action will brighten your life. Maintaining an indomitable spirit is key to overcoming any obstacle.
(b) A suitable title to the above passage may be ‘The Golden Rule of Life.’
(c)
(i) however stormy …………. dark the way even in the odds of life and in uncertainty.
In simple words: Napoleon's success shows that we should never give up during hard times. Staying positive and continuing to move forward is the key to overcoming any difficulty.

🎯 Exam Tip: When summarizing inspirational passages, highlight the core message of perseverance and continuous effort to secure maximum marks.

 

Question (ii) Complete the phrase: be up and...
Answer: be up and doing new action. We should always work hard with new energy to recover the loss. Taking active steps helps us overcome past failures.
In simple words: We must always stay active and work hard with fresh energy to recover from any losses.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing phrases, ensure the explanation highlights the importance of continuous effort and positive action.

 

Question (d) What should be our motto?
Answer: Our motto should be ‘Press on!’. This encourages us to keep moving forward despite difficulties.
In simple words: Our main rule in life should be to keep going and never give up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use quotation marks around the motto to make it stand out clearly in your answer.

 

Question (e) What solves the problem of all the heroes? (2012)
Answer: ‘To press on’ solves the problem of all the heroes. Determination is the key to overcoming any obstacle.
In simple words: Continuing to try hard is how all great heroes solve their problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the year of the question if applicable, and focus on the keyword 'determination' or 'persistence'.

 

Exercise 5

 

Question (a) Write a summary of the passage.
Answer: In this passage the writer tells us that to enter the kingdom of God exemplary human conduct, ethical values and God-fearing conduct are necessary. Wealth has nothing to do with it. Wealth, in reality, is a great obstacle because a wealthy man commits moral crimes without which he cannot gather wealth. These crimes may remain hidden temporarily. But when they come to light, all the secrets are revealed and he is bound to live behind bars instead of reaching the kingdom of God. True righteousness cannot be bought with material riches.
In simple words: To enter heaven, we need good behavior and moral values, not money. Wealth often leads people to commit crimes, which eventually get revealed and lead to punishment.

🎯 Exam Tip: In summary writing, focus on the main theme (like moral conduct vs. wealth) and avoid adding unnecessary examples.

 

Question (b) Suggest a suitable title to the given passage.
Answer: A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘The Way to the Kingdom of God.’ This title perfectly reflects the spiritual journey described by the author.
In simple words: A good title for this story is 'The Way to the Kingdom of God' because it is about how to live a good life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the title short, relevant, and capitalize the first letter of all major words.

 

Question (c) Explain the following:
(i) A rich man is deprived of the wisdom and sensibility to accept a fundamental truth about human life.
(ii) When the secrets of a wealthy man are revealed.
Answer:
(i) A rich man is deprived of the wisdom and sensibility to accept a fundamental truth about human life. This prevents them from understanding what truly matters.
(ii) When the secrets of a wealthy man are revealed, his wrongdoings are exposed to everyone.
In simple words: Rich people often miss out on understanding the basic truths of life, and eventually, their hidden bad deeds are shown to the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Address each sub-part separately with its correct label to ensure you get full marks for both explanations.

 

Question (d) What is a real and good life?
Answer: A real and good life is a life which has exemplary human conduct, ethical values and God-fearing demeanour. Living with integrity brings true peace of mind.
In simple words: A good life is one where we behave well, follow moral values, and respect God.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use key terms like 'exemplary conduct', 'ethical values', and 'God-fearing' directly from the text to score high.

 

Question (e) Why can money alone not bring happiness to human life? (2012)
Answer: Money alone cannot bring happiness to human life because a rich man commits moral crimes to gather more and more money and ignores other qualities of human life which bring real happiness. True joy comes from relationships and inner peace rather than material possessions.
In simple words: Money cannot make us happy because greedy people often do bad things to get rich, ignoring the simple things that actually bring joy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the cause-and-effect relationship between greed, moral crimes, and the loss of true happiness.

 

Exercise 6

 

Question (a) Write a summary of the passage.
Answer: Physical pollution has adversely affected not only our body but mind also. The nobility of character has become a thing of the past. We have become purely materialistic due to scientific and technological development and increase in wealth. We have gone very far from spiritualism and are completely engrossed in earning, spending and increasing money. This shift has led to a decline in our moral values.
In simple words: Pollution affects both our bodies and minds. Because of technology and wealth, we have become greedy and focused only on money, moving away from spiritual goodness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure your summary captures the contrast between physical/mental pollution and the rise of materialism.

 

Question (b) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Answer: A suitable title for the passage may be ‘Materialism Versus Spiritualism’. This title highlights the conflict between worldly wealth and inner peace.
In simple words: A good title is 'Materialism Versus Spiritualism' because the passage compares loving money with loving spiritual values.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use contrasting words in titles when the passage discusses two opposing ideas.

 

Question (c) Explain the meaning of the following phrases:
(i) Materialism...us
(ii) accumulation...end all
Answer:
(i) Materialism...us: Nowadays we have become completely money-minded and are busy in earning and spending money.
(ii) accumulation...end all: Our main aim is to gather and increase money. We often forget that life has a deeper purpose beyond wealth.
In simple words: These phrases mean that people today are obsessed with earning, spending, and collecting as much money as possible.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining phrases, first write the phrase as a heading and then provide its contextual meaning clearly.

 

Question (d) How has physical pollution affected us?
Answer: The pollution of physical environment has contaminated our minds. It has degraded our thoughts and values along with nature.
In simple words: The dirty environment around us has also made our thoughts and minds dirty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep your answer concise and directly link physical pollution to mental contamination as stated in the text.

 

Question (e) What is sounding the final death knell of humanism? (2013)
Answer: Materialism is sounding the final death knell of humanism. When we value objects over people, we lose our humanity.
In simple words: Loving money and things too much is destroying our kindness and humanity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use strong vocabulary like 'death knell' and explain its meaning in the context of human values.

 

Exercise 7

 

Question (a) What is the greatest misfortune that can befall a man?
Answer: The greatest misfortune that can befall a man is the loss of health. Without good health, one cannot enjoy any of life's blessings.
In simple words: Losing your health is the worst thing that can happen to you.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the main point directly in the first sentence to make your answer clear and impactful.

 

Question (b) Explain the meaning of the phrase regarding a sick person and his servant.
Answer: The given phrase means that a sick person will dream to enjoy the health even of his poorest servant. Good health is far more valuable than wealth or status.
In simple words: A sick person would rather be as healthy as their poorest servant than be rich and ill.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use a comparison between health and wealth to explain this phrase effectively.

 

Question (c) Explain the following:
(i) Cannot outweigh the suffering of the sick.
Answer: (i) Cannot outweigh the suffering of the sick. All the joys that life can give cannot be enjoyed without good health. True happiness is impossible when one is in constant physical pain.
In simple words: No amount of fun or pleasure can make up for the pain of being sick.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain how physical suffering diminishes the value of all other worldly pleasures.

Exercise 7 (Continued)

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage.
Answer:
...importance than the suffering of the sick. In other words the suffering of the sick exceed many times the joys.
(ii) The rich man when sick would not accept the delicious dishes and out of apathy withdraw his hand.
(d) Gist : Loss of health is the greatest misfortune. Silken bed, tasty and choicest foods and all the wealth will be useless for him. He will not be able to enjoy sound sleep. While the poorest man who eats a piece of dry bread and has no comfort except good health, will enjoy a sound sleep and will be full of happiness. Thus, health is the greatest boon for everybody. True happiness cannot be bought with money if one lacks physical well-being.
(e) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘Health-The Greatest Boon.’ (2013)
In simple words: Good health is the greatest blessing because without it, even the richest person cannot enjoy their wealth or find happiness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always contrast the physical discomfort of the wealthy with the simple peace of a healthy poor person to emphasize the value of health.

 

Exercise 8

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage.
Answer:
(a) Marco Polo first discovered a route across Asia to China.
(b) Marco Polo told Europeans about the court of Peking.
(c) Two animals of the Arctic countries are white bear and reindeers.
(d) Summary : First of all Marco Polo discovered a route across Asia to China. He described Burma, Tibet and India and the customs and manners of the people. He described the cold Arctic countries also. Marco’s discoveries and descriptions stirred men up to find out more about this outside world. His detailed accounts paved the way for future global trade and exploration.
(e) A suitable title to the passage may be ‘Marco Polo A Great Discoverer’. (2013)
In simple words: This section provides the answers to the comprehension questions about Marco Polo's travels and discoveries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure each sub-part is answered clearly and directly, matching the specific detail requested in the passage.

 

Exercise 9

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage.
Answer:
(a) Summary : In this passage the writer advises us that we should not read books for amusement only. We should read great literature with deeper qualities. Books which give intellectual food and make an appeal to the higher emotions and to the intellect are included in great literature.
(b) A suitable title to passage may be ‘Books Worth Reading’.
(c) Explanation : Wine-drinking and opium-smoking give temporary happiness till there is their effect. In the same way the amusement obtained from cheap books is temporary till we are reading the book.
(d) A young man with university education should read a book with the aim of obtaining intellectual food and an appeal to the higher emotions.
(e) The books which give only amusement and have no deeper qualities should not be read. Reading such books is a waste of valuable time that could be spent on self-improvement. (2013)
In simple words: This section explains that we should read meaningful literature that stimulates our minds rather than reading cheap books just for temporary entertainment.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining a comparison, clearly state how both elements (like cheap books and temporary stimulants) produce similar short-lived effects.

 

Exercise 10

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage.
Answer:
(a) The money-minded men and women believe that it is foolishness to exert themselves for such study and brain work as cannot be converted into cash.
(b) Their rule of life is ‘Hard work only for money and then plenty of play and pleasure’.
(c) The old working woman complained to the author that her son was habitual of wasting money on buying books. He was a carpenter, not a school master.
(d) The psychology of material prosperity is deep rooted in the majority of people in society. This mindset often prevents individuals from appreciating the beauty of art and literature.
(e) Main idea : Generally the people are money-minded and they want to work hard only when they get money. They apply their
In simple words: This section highlights how society often values financial gain over intellectual pursuits, viewing reading as a waste of time if it doesn't make money.

🎯 Exam Tip: When summarizing the main idea of a passage, focus on the overarching theme of material prosperity versus intellectual growth.

Exercise 11

 

Question (a)
Answer: We can live a better life by adjusting ourselves properly well with other people. Developing mutual understanding helps us build stronger relationships.
In simple words: We can have a happier and better life if we learn to get along and adapt well with the people around us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the main method of improving life as mentioned in the passage, focusing on adjustment.

 

Question (b)
Answer: The herd instinct brings animals closer together. This natural behavior helps them survive and face challenges as a group.
In simple words: The natural urge to stay in a group helps animals stay close to each other for safety.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the definition of herd instinct simple and directly related to animal behavior.

 

Question (c) Explanation:
Answer:
(i) Herd instincts means to behave and think like the majority.
(ii) All animals crowd together in a small space under the same tree to protect them from wind or rain. This collective action ensures their mutual survival during harsh weather.
In simple words: Herd instinct means doing what everyone else is doing, like how animals huddle together under a tree to stay safe from bad weather.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure both sub-parts (i) and (ii) are answered completely and labeled clearly as shown in the question.

 

Question (d) Summary:
Answer: We should live together in the society as companions of one another. We should not be centred up to our own resources. We should learn a lesson from animals how they adjust themselves like companions and enjoy security, warmth and comfort. Group instinct will always be more useful for us. Cooperating with others ultimately makes our community stronger and safer.
In simple words: We should live together like friends and help each other, just like animals do, because staying in a group keeps us safe and comfortable.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a summary, include all key points such as companionship, learning from animals, and the benefits of group instinct.

 

Question (e)
Answer: A suitable heading to the given passage may be ‘Togetherness’. (2014) This title perfectly captures the essence of unity discussed throughout the text.
In simple words: A good title for this passage is 'Togetherness' because it is all about living and staying together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose a title that is short, relevant, and reflects the central theme of the passage.

 

Exercise 12

 

Question (a)
Answer: A suitable heading to the given passage may be ‘Be Charitable’. This title highlights the core message of selfless giving.
In simple words: A fitting title for this passage is 'Be Charitable' because it teaches us to help others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always suggest a title that summarizes the main moral or lesson of the passage.

 

Question (b) Explanation:
Answer:
(i) Fully satisfied.
(ii) If you are generous to give your any thing to a needy freely and lovingly. True generosity comes from a kind heart that expects nothing in return.
In simple words: Being charitable means being completely satisfied and happily sharing what you have with someone who needs it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the terms clearly using simple language while retaining the original meaning from the text.

 

Question (c) Summary:
Answer: The thirsty horses go to a beautiful stream and pacify their thirst by drinking water. Then they make the water of the stream dirty by turning their back upon it or by stamping in it. Then the horses go out. But the stream at once floats away the mud and allows other creatures to pacify their thirst. This is the generosity of the stream. So we should learn a lesson from the stream and be charitable without expecting any reward or gratitude. This selfless nature of the stream serves as an excellent model for human behavior.
In simple words: Horses drink from a stream and make it dirty, but the stream cleans itself to help other animals. We should be like the stream and help others without expecting anything back.

🎯 Exam Tip: In summaries, describe the main story or analogy clearly and state the moral lesson at the end.

 

Question (d)
Answer: The horses pollute the water after satisfying their thirst. This is the price they pay. It shows their lack of gratitude towards the source that helped them.
In simple words: After drinking, the horses make the water dirty, which is their ungrateful way of reacting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific action of the horses and what it represents in the context of the passage.

 

Question (e)
Answer: This life is meant for sowing and scattering seed, not for reaping the produce. (2014) It emphasizes doing good deeds rather than worrying about what we get in return.
In simple words: Life is about doing good things for others and giving, not just about trying to get rewards for ourselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the metaphorical meaning of 'sowing' and 'reaping' to show a deeper understanding of the quote.

 

Exercise 13

 

Question (a)
Answer: The main function of a newspaper is to supply us with all sorts of news, local and foreign. This keeps citizens well-informed about daily occurrences worldwide.
In simple words: The primary job of a newspaper is to give us all kinds of local and international news.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the primary purpose of newspapers clearly as mentioned in the first sentence.

 

Question (b)
Answer: In a country without newspaper, the people of that country will remain totally ignorant of the affairs of the world. This lack of information can hinder social and political progress.
In simple words: Without newspapers, people in a country would not know anything about what is happening in the rest of the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the consequence of not having newspapers, focusing on the word 'ignorant'.

 

Question (c)
Answer: The newspapers can be given a name ‘Contemporary History’ in modern times. This is because they record daily events as they unfold.
In simple words: Newspapers can be called 'Contemporary History' because they write down the history of our world day by day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the exact term 'Contemporary History' and explain why it is a fitting name.

 

Question (d) Explanation:
Answer:
(i) Without newspapers we will be totally ignorant of the world affairs.
(ii) We remain aware of the latest news. This awareness helps us make informed decisions in our daily lives.
In simple words: Newspapers keep us from being clueless about the world and help us stay updated with the latest events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Answer both sub-parts (i) and (ii) individually to ensure you address all parts of the explanation.

 

Question (e) Summary:
Answer: Newspapers are really a part and parcel of modern life. They supply us local and foreign news of every part of the world. They bring us into close touch with one another and promote friendly feelings. They create a link between the rulers and the ruled. Newspapers are the best source of expressing the grievances and views of people and vice versa. This mutual flow of communication is essential for a healthy democracy.
In simple words: Newspapers are very important today because they give us news, connect people, and act as a bridge between the government and the public to share opinions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Summarize the multiple roles of newspapers, including news delivery, connecting people, and linking the public with rulers.

 

Question (f)
Answer: A suitable title to the passage may be ‘Benefits of Newspapers’. (2014) This title directly reflects the positive impacts of newspapers discussed in the text.
In simple words: A good title for this passage is 'Benefits of Newspapers' because it explains how useful they are to us.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose a straightforward title that captures the overall positive theme of the passage.

Exercise 14

 

Answer the questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) The wish of the author is to have ‘smile’ if he were to be born into this world again.
(b) The author admires the right kind of smile because there is nothing so irresistible as the right sort of smile.
(c) A pleasant smile is better than riches because it can carry us anywhere and can win us anything including riches.
(d) A good smile disarms our enemies and makes them forget that they have a grudge against us.
(e) The author illustrates the effect of a pleasing smile by narrating a short story of a public man who forgot the reasons of disliking the author’s friend whenever he was with him. (2014)
In simple words: A genuine smile is incredibly powerful. It is better than wealth because it can win people over, make enemies forget their anger, and help us connect with others easily.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use keywords from the passage like 'irresistible' and 'disarms' to make your answers precise and impactful.

 

Exercise 15

 

Answer the questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) Some people want students to do nothing but add to their knowledge as they think that the aim of education is merely to give knowledge.
(b) Real function of education is to make all-round development of men. Education should be such that not only the person gets benifit but the society and country as a whole should be benefitted.
(c) The three aims of education are to give men knowledge, make them self-reliant and they should be able to serve others.
(d) Education should not produce citizens who love their own freedom and take away the freedom of others. It should not make men who want to harm other countries.
(e) A suitable title is “Role of Education”. (2015)
In simple words: Education should not just be about memorizing facts. Its true purpose is to help individuals grow in all aspects of life, become independent, and contribute positively to their society and country.

🎯 Exam Tip: When suggesting a title, ensure it is brief, relevant, and captures the central theme of the entire passage.

 

Exercise 16

 

Answer the questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) In this passage it is discussed how speaker should interact with his audience in order to have positive impact on them.
(b) Sometimes speakers suffer from superiority complex and deliver the talk like great teachers and wise preachers.
(c) Humility is a virtue that is universally appreciated and reciprocated.
(d) The audience should feel wiser and uplifted after listening the speech. They should have positive impact of the speech on them.
(e) ‘Assume air’ means to have particular feeling. ‘Superiority Complex’ means feeling that makes you feel better than others ‘Doling out means to give something to others. (2015)
In simple words: A good speaker should speak with humility rather than acting superior. The goal of a speech is to make the audience feel inspired, respected, and wiser.

🎯 Exam Tip: For vocabulary-based questions, explain the meanings of phrases clearly and in simple terms as demonstrated in the text.

 

Exercise 17

 

Answer the questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) Suitable title is ‘Meaning of Liberty’
(b) (i) While enjoying our liberty, we should take care of others, liberty as well. For this we should adjust ourselves for others. We should sometimes give away our enjoyment and take tough condition in order to enjoy liberty in real sense.
(ii) Liberty means enjoying our freedom with appropriate checks and balances.
(c) Summary : Liberty means freedom to do our work as we wish but we should not harm others while doing so. This means we should take care of limits of liberty. Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains. Liberty means we should put restriction on us if others’ liberty is harmed. We should respect others’ point of view and should not show our supremacy in all decisions taken in public.
(d) Man should not be allowed to commit crimes in the name of liberty so that others’ safety is maintained. Others should not be harmed in
In simple words: True liberty means enjoying our freedom while respecting the rights and safety of others. We must accept certain limits and rules so everyone can live peacefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a summary, focus on the core message of the passage, keeping it concise and avoiding unnecessary details.

Exercise 18

 

Question. Answer the following questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) Indian muslins were found wrapped around mummies in Egyptian Pyramids dating back to 3,000 B.C.
(b) Indian iron and steel industry is too old as Damascus steel for swords and armour used in the crusades came from India.
(c) During the eighteenth century, many of the finest British warships were built in India.
(d) Crusade means a long and determined effort to achieve something in order to start or stop some activity.
(e) Indian industrial advancement and excellence in art and craft ebb out due to political disintegration and foreign conquest.
In simple words: This section highlights the rich history of Indian industries, like textiles and steelmaking, which were highly valued globally before declining due to political changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to historical dates and specific terms like 'Crusade' to answer direct comprehension questions accurately.

 

Exercise 19

 

Question. Answer the following questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) Early rising gives us good start in our day work.
(b) In the early morning the mind is fresh and there are few sounds or other distractions. So the work done in the early morning is well done.
(c) The early riser by beginning early is left with plenty of time to do all his work thoroughly. Therefore he is not tempted to hurry over his day’s work.
(d) The early riser finishes his work in good time and has long interval of rest in the evening. This enables him to go to bed at the proper time.
(e) A suitable title is “Benefits of Rising Early.”
In simple words: Waking up early gives us a peaceful environment to work efficiently, helps us complete our tasks without rushing, and ensures we get proper rest.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to suggest a title, choose a short phrase that summarizes the main advantage or theme discussed throughout the passage.

 

Exercise 20

 

Question. Answer the following questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) Suitable heading is “Drawbacks of rising and sleeping late”.
(b) (i) In the morning fresh air and cool environment give you a feeling of less tiredness or less hotness. It is pleasant when felt and gives you a fresh feeling.
(ii) Doing work in midnight.
(c) Summary : Rising early in the morning and avoiding midnight working habit is good for one’s health. When we get up early we have enough time to complete our work. We can have proper exercise which is good for our health. One who is habitual of working midnight cannot produce good results. Few persons say that they work with clear brain at midnight but they are not aware of the consequences of working late when body needs rest. They soon lose their good health.
(d) Early rising is better than rising late because man who rises late, can have little rest in the course of the day and devoid of evening exercise which is so important. He cannot take advantage of refreshing hours of the morning.
(e) Those who work into midnight soon lose their health and bad health has a bad effect on the quality of their work.
In simple words: Working late at night harms our health and reduces the quality of our work, whereas rising early keeps us fit, active, and well-rested.

🎯 Exam Tip: For summary writing, make sure to contrast the positive effects of early rising with the negative impacts of working late at night.

 

Exercise 21

 

Question. Answer the following questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) Gautam Buddha left home at the age of twenty-nine.
(b) Buddha fasted in order to seek true path.
(c) The meaning of ‘nirvana’ is the state of peace and happiness that a person gets after giving up his all desires. ‘Enlightened one’ means to attain true knowledge.
In simple words: Gautam Buddha left his home at a young age and fasted to find the true path of life, eventually achieving a state of ultimate peace called nirvana.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always define key spiritual terms precisely as they are explained in the text to secure full marks.

Summary: Gautam Buddha was the son of the ruler of a small state in northern India. He was married and had a son. He left his home at the age of twenty-nine to attain true knowledge. He wandered on and finally while sitting under a tree he became ‘the Buddha’ or ‘the Enlightened one’. He entered ‘nirvana’ and came out of the process of rebirth. This spiritual journey marked a turning point in world history.
(e) Suitable title is ‘Enlightenment of Buddha.’ (2015)
In simple words: Gautam Buddha left his royal life at twenty-nine to find truth. After meditating under a tree, he became enlightened and reached nirvana.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a summary, focus on key life events in chronological order and ensure the title directly reflects the main theme.

 

Exercise 22
Answer:
(a) Now there is hardly any sphere of human life where computers have not been pressed into service of man. Computers will become part of man’s daily life. This technological integration is reshaping modern society.
(b) Automation helps human beings in every sphere by doing work very accurately and at a high speed.
(c) In future small computers will be carried in pocket. They will inform weather condition, traffic routes, and the nature of patient’s illness. They will relieve the people of their tedious work. Thus they will be called the most efficient servants of man.
(d) In future small computers will be developed easy to be carried in pocket anywhere.
(e) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘Bright Future of Computers.’ (2016)
In simple words: Computers are becoming an essential part of our daily lives, helping us do tasks quickly and accurately. In the future, tiny pocket computers will assist us with everything from weather updates to health tracking.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering comprehension questions, use precise terms from the passage like 'automation' and 'efficient servants' to secure full marks.

 

Exercise 23
Answer:
(a) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘Miseries of Riches’.
(b) Explanation:
(i) fearing ………….. the lambs.: The night of a rich man is full of various miseries. He fears that people who are own may revolt against us and may kill also.
(ii) No sooner ……….. new care. A rich man can’t sleep peacefully. His night is full of cares. One care ends and another follows.
(c) Husband and wife had so many cares e.g care of new guests, care of people in power, care of thieves, care of future amenities etc. These constant worries prevented them from enjoying their wealth.
(d) Writer’s idea is that riches keep a man restless all the twenty four hours. He sleeps on the pillow of cares.
(e) There was no happiness in their life UMBRARY because due to riches they had various types of cares. They were always restless and had no time even to hear of their soul or pray to God. (2016)
In simple words: Having too much wealth can bring a lot of worry and stress instead of happiness. Rich people often stay awake worrying about their safety, guests, and future, leaving no time for peace or prayer.

🎯 Exam Tip: For explanation questions, clearly define the meaning of the given phrases in relation to the passage's central theme of wealth and anxiety.

 

Exercise 24
Answer:
(a) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘Poverty is a Blessing’.
(b) (i) moan about poverty: become sad in poverty.
(ii) governesses : a woman employed to teach young children in their home.
(c) Summary : Most of the people do not like poverty. When they compare themselves to the rich people, they conclude that money is necessary to buy happiness. But in reality the rich people, even though they have a lot of money to buy anything and many servants to serve them, miss the true happiness. A poor man is free from all those cares, envies, jealousies etc. from which a rich man can’t get rid of. History tells us that the majority of great, eminent and strong men have come from poor class. This shows that adversity often builds stronger character than luxury.
(d) The sons and daughters of the rich should be pitied because they have missed
In simple words: Many people think money brings happiness, but rich people often miss out on true peace because of constant worries. Poor people are free from these anxieties, and history shows many great leaders came from humble backgrounds.

🎯 Exam Tip: When summarizing, contrast the lives of the rich and the poor clearly using key terms like 'true happiness' and 'cares'.

...something real and most important but they are not aware of it.

Question (e)
Answer: Great men are mostly born in poor families because they live in a very sweet, poor and happy home of honest poverty and use their precious time in working hard to make their life great. (2016)
In simple words: Many great people are born in poor families because growing up in a simple, hardworking home teaches them to use their time well and work hard to succeed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why great people often come from humble backgrounds, emphasize the values of hard work and time management learned in poverty.

 

Exercise 25

Answer:
(a) The life of Shivaji’s was full of action and achievement.
(b) Shivaji’s treatment towards Islam was unique. He loved every Musalman like a Brahmin. He respected all followers of Islam and their holy buildings.
(c) He behaved women in a gentle way.
(d) The role of his guru Ramdas was very great. His guru strengthened the teachings of his mother.
(e) Shivaji built a large and brave army and laid the foundations of an organised state. He shaped the Marathas into a nation. (2016)
In simple words: Shivaji lived an active life, respected all religions including Islam, treated women with respect, followed his guru's teachings, and built a strong Maratha nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: To score full marks, list all key achievements of Shivaji, including his religious tolerance, respect for women, and military organization.

 

Exercise 26

Answer:
(a) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘An Intelligent Thief’.
(b) (i) a tree... honest person = only an honest man can plant a tree which would have golden fruits.
(ii) so the king pardoned the thief = when the king came to know that he was also not an honest man, he forgive the thief and let him go.
(c) The pre-condition was that the person who would plant the tree should be honest.
(d) The king pardoned him because he came to know that he also was dishonest.
(e) From the story we learn a lesson that before blaming others, we should first see ourselves whether we are free from that evil. (2016)
In simple words: The story of the clever thief teaches us that we should not judge or punish others for faults that we ourselves have.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing comprehension answers, ensure you clearly explain the moral of the story and the clever trick used by the character.

 

Exercise 27

Answer:
(a) Summary: In this passage, the writer advises the students to be diligent. This quality of being diligent includes all qualities which a student should have. He also tells them that the young age is the golden period of life. So they should develop good qualities in this period so that their future life i.e. adult hood and old age also should be joyful.
(b) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘Be Diligent’.
(c) Explanations:
(i) not what... today... the explanation which modern people give.
(ii) seed time of life... starting period of life when we can grow primary virtues to make future life good.
(d) In our life time we should sow the seed which may give good reap. This is the seed of diligence.
(e) I can say that life depends on my being diligent because it includes all virtues that a student should have. (2016)
In simple words: Being hardworking when you are young helps you build good habits that make your entire future life happy and successful.

🎯 Exam Tip: For summary and explanation questions, use clear headings like 'Summary' and 'Explanations' to make your answer easy for the examiner to read.

 

Exercise 28

Question. Answer the following questions based on the passage:
Answer:
(a) A man who possesses a strong will and a firm determination can steer clear of all dangers and difficulties. This inner strength acts as a guiding light during tough times.
(b) The man who labours hard with a strong resolution and an unshaken will, could achieve success and thus, he is a builder of his own fortune.
(c) Summary : A man who possesses a strong will and firm determination could accomplish success in his life. Man must be persevering and must exert himself to shape out his destiny. Man who does not work hard and labour could bring misery and suffering to himself. Thus, to gain wealth, fame and power he must labour with a strong resolution and unshaken will, and thereby could make his own fortune.
(d) Resolution here means strong determination. A man who works hard with a strong resolution and powerful will accomplish success. Industrious means laborious or hard working. By being industrious and persevering one can make his fortune.
(e) A suitable title to the given passage may be A Man of Strong Will. (2017)
In simple words: Having a strong willpower and working hard are the keys to success. A person who is determined can overcome any obstacle and shape their own destiny.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a summary, focus on the central theme of willpower and hard work, and ensure you define key terms like 'resolution' and 'industrious' accurately.

 

Exercise 29

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage for Exercise 29:
Answer:
(a) Summary : It is undeniably true that in the ultimate measure the deeds done by man in his life time sums up the quality of his life. The span of life is meaningless when measured in years alone. Noble deeds, splendid ideas and fine sentiments, not the number of years, carved a niche for the real man in history. True greatness is defined by actions rather than mere existence.
(b) A suitable title to the given passage may be Live in Deeds not in Years.
(c) A man is memorable by his noble deeds and conscientious efforts.
(d) Noble deeds, splendid ideas and fine sentiments constitute the real glory of the character.
(e) Noble endeavours is an earnest and conscientious effort that a man wants to accomplish his goal. For them, just to eat, sleep and exist is no life at all. They suffer for mitigating the miseries of others and for the good of humanity. Trivial pursuits is an activity that one engages in, which is of no real importance. (2017)
In simple words: A person's life is measured by the good things they do for others, not by how many years they live. Doing noble deeds and helping humanity is what makes a life truly meaningful.

🎯 Exam Tip: For summary questions, always highlight the contrast between a long, empty life and a short life filled with noble deeds.

 

Exercise 30

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage for Exercise 30:
Answer:
(a) The real ornamentation for the women lies not in loading the body with metal and stone but in purifying the heart and developing the beauty of soul.
(b) Author’s advice to the women of India is to get rid of their jewellery.
(c) He/She who does not offer sacrifice of his or her wealth has been termed as a thief according to the Bhagvad Gita.
(d) Some women feel more happy in sacrificing their possessions to help the poor and needy person.
(e) Summary : The real beauty of a woman is her character, her purity not a jewellery. Woman like Sati, Savitri and Damayanti have become sacred to us for their unsullied virtue not for their ornaments. Bhagavad Gita has termed those people as a thief who do not sacrifice their wealth to the poor and needy persons. It is a social and religious obligation for every men and women. There can be no sacrifice higher than to clear out the distinctions of high and low and to maintain the equality of men and women. The women of India should focus on cultivating inner virtues rather than external show.
In simple words: True beauty comes from a pure heart and good character, not from expensive jewelry. Helping the poor and treating everyone as equal is the greatest sacrifice we can make.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing moral or philosophical passages, use key terms like 'purity of heart', 'sacrifice', and 'equality' to secure maximum marks.

Exercise 31

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage for Exercise 31.
Answer:
(a) A polling station is a suitable building away from the town, situated in some lonely spot.
(b) The after-effects of the elections that we gather from the above are that as soon as the people cast their vote, nobody cares for them. All their importance vanished. The seed of dissension is sown which is accompanied by the division of the community.
(c) The portions italisized in the passage means that he or she becomes a worthless trifles and nobody cares for them.
(d) Summary : Although elections have an important place in democracy, yet few of them have made it as a funny affair. There is an activity and bustle, hue and cry with a compliments of each and every voter to get a sure success by the candidate. The poll takes place on a certain day at the polling station. Everybody is welcomed like princess but as soon as they cast their vote their importance vanished. Nobody cares for them. The after-effects of the election could also be seen by the arguments, dissension and partisan which is finally accompanied by the division of the community.
(e) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘An Election Scene’. (2017)
In simple words: This passage explains how elections work, how voters are treated before and after voting, and provides a summary and title for the scene.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a summary, focus on the main events like the voting process and the change in attitude towards voters after they cast their votes.

 

Exercise 32

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage for Exercise 32.
Answer:
(a) A suitable title to the given passage may be “The Prevention from Food Adulteration’.
(b) Summary : Adulteration of food-stuffs was so rampant and widespread that a drastic remedy in the form of or amendment of a comprehensive legislation became the need of the hour. Adulteration can be seen in most of the essential food items like milk, bottled water, tea, coffee and spices etc. Thus, to check ‘this kind of anti-social evil Supreme Court has asked the centre to amend the Indian Penal Code and the Food Safety Standards Act to make this punishable with life imprisonment. It is a much needed hope and relief for the consumers at large.
(c) ‘You are what you eat is the dictum about body and health.
(d) Many Indians have a lot to worry about their health and future generations because of the serious issue like food adulteration.
(e) Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. (2017)
In simple words: This section discusses the dangers of food adulteration, the need for strict laws like life imprisonment to stop it, and how it affects public health.

🎯 Exam Tip: For abbreviation questions like FSSAI, write the full form clearly and ensure correct spelling of regulatory bodies.

 

Exercise 33

 

Question. Answer the questions based on the passage for Exercise 33.
Answer:
(a) A suitable title to the given passage may be “The Migration of Birds’.
(b) Summery : Migratory birds travel from one region to another depending on the availability of foods, habitat and climatic conditions of a place. These birds usually take their shelter in the country like India to escape from the severe winter of Northern and Central Asia. Migratory birds like small ducks, barheaded geese, Siberian crane and spotted eagle coming here has reduced considerably. So, this has become a great concern for the bird watcher and ornithologist.
In simple words: Birds migrate to warmer places like India to escape harsh winters and find food, but their decreasing numbers are worrying bird experts.

🎯 Exam Tip: When summarizing, highlight the key reasons for bird migration (food, climate) and mention the specific species listed in the passage.

Exercise 33 (Continued)
Answer:
(c) Migratory means moving from one place to another at particular times of the year especially by animals like birds of fishes. They travel to countries where they find optimal conditions of food and climate for their survival. Ornithologist is the zoologist who studies birds. These seasonal journeys are essential for maintaining ecological balance.
(d) The availability of food, habitat and climatic conditions of a place are the factors which decide which way the migratory birds will go.
(e) Optimal conditions of food and suitable climate for the survival attracts the migratory birds in India that they choose it as their preferred destination. (2017)
In simple words: Migratory birds travel to different countries to find food and good weather to survive. Scientists who study these birds are called ornithologists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define scientific terms like 'migratory' and 'ornithologist' to secure full marks in comprehension questions.

 

Exercise 34
Answer:
(a) Summary: Speech is a great blessing but it can also be a great curse. Speech, as a blessing helps us to make our intentions and desires, known to fellows, make our attitude completely understood as well as helped to win a friend. But it becomes curse when it is used without any thought. A slip of tongue, the use of unusual word or an ambiguous word may create an enemy. Different classes of people use different vocabularies. So one should be very careful in handling the speech and should express according to the kinds and conditions of men.
(b) A suitable title to the given passage may be ‘Speech, Blessings as well as Curse’. This title perfectly captures the dual nature of our words.
(c) These types of words are used either without thought or sometimes it may be understood in two or more possible senses respectively.
(d) Speech can be great blessing if it has been used with thought and careful handling. (2017)
In simple words: Speech is a powerful tool that can either make friends or enemies depending on how carefully we choose our words. We must always think before we speak and adapt our language to our listeners.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a summary, focus on the main contrast (blessing vs. curse) and keep the language concise.

 

Exercise 35
Answer:
(a) Sardar Patel was called the ‘Iron man of India’ because he was a strict and efficient administrator.
(b) In private life, Sardar Patel was kind and considerate. Sometimes, he became emotional even. This shows that behind his tough exterior lay a deeply compassionate heart.
(c) (i) Any person could be sure of his being a strict and efficient administrator.
(ii) He was a philanthropist. He profoundly loved all without any distinction. Thus he had firm faith in universal love.
(d) Summary: Generally the people opined that Sardar Patel was a man of rough temperament. He was called an Iron man because he was a strict and efficient administrator. But in personal life he was kind and considerate and even emotional. He was a great organiser. He selected proper man and got every work done by him.
(e) ‘Sardar Patel, the Iron man’. (2018)
In simple words: Sardar Patel was known as the 'Iron Man' because of his strong administration, but he was actually very kind, loving, and emotional in his private life. He was a great leader who loved everyone equally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the contrast between Sardar Patel's public persona and private life using key terms like 'strict administrator' and 'philanthropist'.

 

Exercise 36
Answer:
(a) The children believe in challenges and possibilities.
(b) When we grow up our inspiration is dampened by the skepticism and realism of society. Our self-doubt also grows up.
(c) We merely exist means we pull on our lives in a half-hearted manner.
(d) Life becomes full of inspiration, involvement and intensity when we do what we love and love what we do. Finding joy in our daily work is the key to true happiness.
(e) The law of nature, according to the passage is that everything which loses its purpose ceases to exist becomes extinct. (2018)
In simple words: Children are full of hope and believe in possibilities, but growing up often brings self-doubt. To live a truly inspired life, we must do what we love, because things that lose their purpose eventually disappear.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use direct evidence from the passage to explain philosophical concepts like 'merely existing' versus 'living fully'.

Exercise 37

 

Question (a)
Answer: We call ourselves civilized because we have the advantages of the inventions of science which our ancestors had never known. These modern advancements have completely transformed our daily lives.
In simple words: We think we are civilized because we enjoy modern scientific inventions that our ancestors did not have.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always locate the direct cause-and-effect keywords in the passage to write a precise answer.

 

Question (b)
Answer: We can become truly civilized by learning to live in peace. This requires us to overcome our differences and cooperate with one another.
In simple words: We can achieve real civilization only when we learn how to live peacefully with others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep your answer concise and directly address the condition required for true civilization.

 

Question (c)
Answer:
(i) Science has made us full of more worries.
(ii) Adopt the principle of universal fraternity i.e., all the human beings are brothers. This moral principle is essential for global harmony.
In simple words: First, science has increased our daily anxieties. Second, we must treat all human beings as our brothers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question has sub-parts, label them clearly as (i) and (ii) in your answer sheet to help the examiner grade easily.

 

Question (d) Summary
Answer: We do not claim to be civilized because we live and dress better than our ancestors. Science has equipped us with inventions. However science has increased our worries. We fight more fatal wars killing more men than earlier. To be really civilized we must believe in universal brotherhood. This shift in perspective is crucial for our survival.
In simple words: True civilization is not about better clothes or technology. Since science has made wars deadlier, we must embrace universal brotherhood to be truly civilized.

🎯 Exam Tip: For summary questions, capture the main contrast between material progress and moral development using simple sentences.

 

Question (e)
Answer: The suitable title is ‘true civilization’. (2018) This title perfectly encapsulates the core message of the text.
In simple words: The most appropriate title for this passage is 'True Civilization' because it explains what real civilization means.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good title should be short, relevant, and capture the central theme of the passage.