UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Chapter 5 I am Johns Heart

Lesson At A Glance

This lesson is an ‘autobiographical sort of description of the human heart. It is an interesting and informative piece about heart-what it looks like, what wrong notions we have about it, how it works, when it is really in trouble and finally how we can take care of it.

A heart weighs about 340 grams and is red-brown in colour. It is a four chambered pump, and pumps blood daily through about 96000 km of blood vessels. The heart muscles are very strong. It works day and night and only rests between its beats, though only for half a second.

p>There are some wrong notions about heart. It is not romantic as some poets think, neither it is fragile and delicate. In fact it works twice as hard as the arm muscles. Then, people feel that heart sometimes skip heart beat. It is not skipping a beat but only a misfire, piling one beat on top of another. Whenever a person has fatigue or dizzy spells, he relates it to his heart. He fears that his heart is having trouble. This is not always true. Mostly the fatigue and dizzy spells come from his digestive tract. When the heart is in trouble, it sends pain signal only after undue exertion or emotion. It indicates that heart is not getting enough nourishment to cope with the work man is loading on to it.

The heart gets its nourishment from the blood. Heart does not extract nourishment from the blood passing through its four chambers. It is fed by its own two coronary arteries. If there is any trouble in these coronaries, it may cause death. Fatty deposits begin to build up in the coronary arteries. Gradually, they can close or block an artery. Or a clot may form to close it suddenly.

Persons, belonging to a family where heart disease has occurred often, are more or less certain to have heart trouble. Such a person can’t do anything about heredity but he can do a lot to minimize the risk.

What one can do is—slim down a bit, take regular exercise, relax a little more, cut down on fats and smoking. If he would only do these things, his heart could keep on working for a longer time.

पाठ का हिन्दी अनुवाद

(1) No one could …………… down to 55. कोई भी नहीं कह सका कि मैं एक सुन्दर वस्तु हूँ। मेरा भार 340 ग्राम है, मेरा रंग भूरा-लाल है और मेरी शक्ल बड़ी भौंडी है। मैं जॉन का वफादार सेवक, हृदय हूँ।

मैं नाशपाती के आकार का हूँ। चाहे आपने कवियों से मेरे विषय में कुछ भी सुना हो, मैं वास्तव में रोमांटिक नहीं हूँ। मैं तो एक परिश्रमी चार प्रकोष्ठों वाला पम्प हूँ। वास्तव में दो पम्प, एक रक्त को फेफड़ों तक पहुँचाने के लिए और दूसरा इसे शरीर के अन्दर भेजने के लिए। मैं प्रतिदिन 96000 किमी लम्बी रक्त शिराओं से रक्त को पम्प करता हूँ। इतनी पम्पिंग 18000 लीटर की क्षमता वाले टैंक को भरने के लिए पर्याप्त है।

जब कभी भी जॉन मेरे विषय में सोचता है, तब वह मुझे कमजोर तथा नाजुक समझता है। नाजुक! जबकि मैं अब तक उसका 300000 टन रक्त पम्प कर चुका हूँ। जितना कठिन कार्य एक भारी बोझ के बॉक्सिंग चैंपियन की बाँहों की मांसपेशियों का होता है या किसी दौड़ने वाले व्यक्ति की टाँगों की मांसपेशियों का होता है, मैं उससे भी चौगुना कठिन कार्य करता हूँ। उन्हें मेरी गति से कार्य करने दो और वे मिनटों में ही थककर चूर हो जाएँगे। शरीर की कोई भी मांसपेशी इतनी शक्तिशाली नहीं है जितना मैं, केवल एक स्त्री के गर्भाशय के अतिरिक्त; क्योंकि वह बच्चे को जन्म देती है। किन्तु गर्भाशय की मांसपेशियों को सत्तर वर्ष तक चौबीस घण्टे कार्य नहीं करना पड़ता जितनी कि मुझसे आशा की जाती है। हाँ, वास्तव में यह थोड़ी-सी अतिशयोक्ति है। मैं धड़कनों के बीच थोड़ा आराम करता हूँ। जॉन सोता है उस समय भी उसकी अधिकांश रक्तवाहिनियाँ निष्क्रिय रहती हैं। अतः मैं उनमें रक्त संचार नहीं करता और मेरी धड़कन सामान्यतः 72 से घटकर 55 रह जाती है।

 

Question (2). John hardly …………… on to me.
Answer: जॉन मेरे विषय में मुश्किल से ही सोचता है और यह अच्छा है। मैं भी नहीं चाहता कि उसकी दशा हार्ट न्यूरेटिक्स जैसी हो जाए और मुझे तथा स्वयं को परेशानी में डाल दे। जब कभी वह मेरे विषय में चिन्ता करता है तब सदा लगभग गलत बातों के विषय में। एक रात को जब जॉन नींद में खोता जा रहा था तब जॉन को अचानक ऐसा महसूस हुआ कि मैं एक धड़कन मिस कर गया अर्थात् छोड़ गया। वह बड़ा परेशान था, क्या मैं उसे धोखा दे रहा था। इसे इतना चिन्तित होने की आवश्यकता नहीं थी।

समय-समय पर जॉन की कार के ignition system की भाँति मेरा ignition system भी क्षणभर के लिए बिगड़ जाता है। मैं तो अपनी विद्युत शक्ति स्वयं पैदा करता हूँ और सिकुड़न के लिए संकेत भेजता हूँ, किन्तु कभी-कभी मेरा धड़कना रुक जाता है और धड़कन के ऊपर दूसरी धड़कन इकट्ठा हो जाती है। तब ऐसा लगता है कि मैंने एक बीट (धड़कन) मिस कर दी है, किन्तु वास्तव में ऐसा नहीं होता। जॉन को इस बात से आश्चर्य होगा कि उसे बिना पता चले कितनी ही बार में ऐसा हुआ होगा।

धड़कन की गिनती–रात्रि के भयानक सपने के बाद कभी-कभी वह जाग जाता है और चिन्तित होता है, क्योंकि मैं दौड़ रहा होता हूँ। ऐसा इसलिए होता है कि सपनों में जब वह दौड़ता है तब मैं भी दौड़ता हूँ। जॉन की चिन्ताएँ वास्तव में बातों को और बिगाड़ देती हैं और मेरी गति और भी तेज हो जाती है। हृदय की कार्यप्रणाली को सुचारू रूप से चलाने के लिए मानसिक शांति अत्यंत आवश्यक है। यदि वह शान्त हो जाये तब मैं शान्त हो जाता हूँ। किन्तु यदि वह शान्त न हो पाए तब मुझे शान्त करने का एक उपाय है। वेगस नामक नसें ब्रेक का कार्य करती हैं। वे कानों के पीछे जबड़ों के मिलने के स्थान से गर्दन से गुजरती हैं। यहाँ धीरे-धीरे मालिश करने से मेरी गति कम हो जाती है।

जॉन लगभग प्रत्येक बात के लिए मुझे दोष देता है, थकान से लेकर चक्कर आने तक; किन्तु उसकी थकान का मुझसे कोई सम्बन्ध नहीं और उसके चक्कर आने का सम्बन्ध उसके कानों से है। समय-समय पर जब वह अपनी मेज पर काम करता था तब बहुधा उसकी छाती में तेज दर्द हो जाता था। उसे यह भय हो जाता था कि शायद उसे दिल का दौरा पड़ने वाला है। किन्तु उसे चिन्ता करने की आवश्यकता नहीं। यह दर्द उसकी भोजन की नली से आता है। यह कुछ घण्टे पूर्व लिए गए भारी भोजन का परिणाम है। पर जब मैं परेशानी में होता हूँ, तब केवल असाधारण थकान या उत्तेजना के बाद ही मैं दर्द का संकेत भेजता हूँ। यही तरीका है। जिसके द्वारा मैं उसे यह बताता हूँ कि मुझे उतनी खुराक नहीं मिल रही है जो वह उस पर लादे जाने वाले काम के बोझ को उठा सके।
In simple words: The heart explains that it is normal to occasionally feel like a heartbeat is missed, and worrying about it only makes the heart beat faster. It also clarifies that chest pain after a heavy meal is often just indigestion, not a heart attack.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the heart's mechanism, use clear terms like 'ignition system' and 'vagus nerve' to show a precise understanding of the text.

 

Question (3). How do I get …………… minimize risk.
Answer: मैं अपना पौष्टिक भोजन कैसे प्राप्त करता हूँ? वास्तव में, मैं इसे रक्त से प्राप्त करता हूँ। किन्तु यद्यपि मैं पूरे शरीर के बोझ के 2/100 भाग को ही प्रतिनिधित्व करता हूँ, मुझे रक्त की पूर्ण मात्रा का 1/20 भाग चाहिए। इसका अर्थ है कि जितनी पौष्टिक खुराक शरीर के अन्य सभी अंगों को चाहिए मुझे उसकी दस गुनी खुराक की आवश्यकता है।

किन्तु मैं अपनी खुराक उस रक्त से नहीं खींचता जो मेरे चारों प्रकोष्ठों से होकर गुजरता है। मेरा भोजन मुझे अपनी ही दो कोरोनरी धमनियों से प्राप्त होता है जो पेड़ की शाखाओं की तरह फैलती हैं और इनका तना शर्बत पीने वाले कागज के पाइप से अधिक मोटा नहीं होता। यही मेरी कमजोरी है। यहाँ की गड़बड़ ही मृत्यु का अकेला सबसे बड़ा कारण है।

कोई नहीं जानता कि यह सब कैसे होता है। किन्तु कभी-कभी जीवन के आरम्भ में अथवा जन्म के समय ही कोरोनरी आर्टरीज में चर्बी जमा होने लगती है। धीरे-धीरे वे उस धमनी के मार्ग को बन्द कर देती हैं अथवा रक्त का थक्का (क्लॉट) इसे अचानक बन्द कर देता है।

जब कोई धमनी इस प्रकार से बन्द हो जाती है तब हृदय का वह भाग, जिसे इससे खुराक मिलती, मर जाता है। धमनियों में रुकावट आने से हृदय की मांसपेशियों को ऑक्सीजन मिलना बंद हो जाता है। यह एक घाव (Scar tissue) छोड़ जाता है जो छोटे से मार्बल के टुकड़े के बराबर या टेनिस की गेंद के बराबर हो सकता है। परेशानी कितनी गम्भीर है यह बन्द हुई धमनी के आकार तथा स्थिति पर निर्भर करता है.
In simple words: The heart requires a lot of nourishment, which it gets through two thin coronary arteries. If these arteries get blocked by fat or a blood clot, it can damage the heart muscle and cause serious health issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to highlight the ratio of the heart's weight (2/100) to its blood requirement (1/20) to score full marks in comparison questions.

John's Heart (Hindi Translation)

जॉन को पाँच वर्ष पूर्व दिल का दौरा पड़ा था और उसे इसका पता भी नहीं। वह इतना व्यस्त था कि उसने अपनी छाती के दर्द की ओर कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया। जो आर्टरी बन्द हुई थी वह मेरे पीछे की दीवार पर एक छोटी आर्टरी थी। मुझे उस मृत ऊतक को हटाने में और जख्म के निशान वाले क्षेत्र को भरने में जो एक मटर से अधिक बड़ा नहीं था, लगभग दो हफ्ते लगे थे।

जॉन ऐसे परिवार का है जिसमें हृदय की बीमारियाँ बहुधा होती रही हैं, इसलिए आँकड़े यह कहते हैं कि मैं फिर उसे परेशानी में डालने वाला हूँ। वास्तव में, वह अपनी विरासत के विषय में कुछ नहीं कर सकता, लेकिन वह जोखिम को कम करने में बहुत कुछ कर सकता है।

 

Question 4. Let’s start …………… puce for me.
Answer: अब हम अधिक भार से आरम्भ करें। जॉन अपनी प्रौढ़ावस्था में चर्बी बढ़ जाने का मजाक उड़ाता है किन्तु यह मजाक की बात नहीं है। इस बढ़ी हुई चर्बी के एक किलो भार में 700 किमी कैपिलरीज होती हैं जिनमें से मुझे खून पम्प करना पड़ता है। यह कार्य उसके अतिरिक्त है जो मुझे उसके प्रत्येक किलो भार को ले जाने में करना पड़ता है। हृदय को शरीर के हर हिस्से तक रक्त पहुँचाने के लिए निरंतर कठिन परिश्रम करना पड़ता है।

यह बात मुझे जॉन के रक्तचाप पर ले जाती है। यह 140-90 होता है जो उसकी उम्र के लिए ऊपरी सीमा है। जब मैं सिकुड़ता हूँ तब मेरे दबाव की नाप 140 होती है और 90 दबाव की वह नाप है जब मैं दो धड़कनों के बीच आराम करता हूँ। नीचे की संख्या ज्यादा महत्त्वपूर्ण है। यह संख्या जितनी बढ़ती जाती है, उतना ही कम आराम मुझे मिलता है और बिना पर्याप्त आराम के हृदय धीरे-धीरे मृत्यु की ओर पहुँच जाता है। बहुत-सी ऐसी बातें हैं जिन्हें करके जॉन अपने रक्तदाब को नीचे सुरक्षित स्तर पर ला सकता है। सबसे पहला है अधिक भार से छुटकारा पाना। उसे यह देखकर आश्चर्य होगा कि उसके रक्तचाप में कितनी गिरावट आ गई।

सिगरेट-बीड़ी पीना दूसरी बात है। जॉन एक दिन में चालीस सिगरेट पी जाता है जिसका अर्थ है कि वह चौबीस घण्टों में निकोटीन जहर की काफी मात्रा अपने अन्दर सोख लेता है। यह बहुत हानिकारक पदार्थ है। यह धमनियों को सिकोड़ देता है–विशेष रूप से हाथ और पैरों की–जिससे रक्तचाप बढ़ जाता है और मुझे उसके विपरीत अधिक काम करना पड़ता है। यह मुझे उत्तेजित भी करता है जिससे मैं और जोर से धड़कता हूँ। एक सिगरेट मेरी धड़कनों को 72 से 80 तक बढ़ा देता है। जॉन स्वयं कहता है कि धूम्रपान अब छोड़ा नहीं जा सकता और जो हानि होनी थी वह हो चुकी। किन्तु यदि जॉन स्वयं को लगातार निकोटीन उत्तेजना से बचा सके तब उससे मेरे लिए समस्याएँ और आसान हो जाएँगी।

चोटी पर पहुँचने के लिए संघर्ष-जॉन अन्य ढंग से भी मेरी सहायता कर सकता था। वह प्रतिस्पर्द्धा वाला, महत्त्वाकांक्षी तथा एक सफल व्यापारी जैसा व्यक्ति है। वह यह नहीं अनुभव करता कि उसके लगातार इस प्रकार चिन्तित रहने से उसकी अधिवृक्क ग्रन्थियाँ उत्तेजित होकर और अधिक adrenalin तथा noradrenalin नामक पदार्थ पैदा करती हैं। परिणाम वही होता है जो निकोटीन के पहुँचने से होता है अर्थात् तंग धमनियाँ, उच्च रक्तचाप और मेरे लिए तेज चाल।
In simple words: John's heart explains how being overweight, smoking, and constant stress put a heavy load on it, raising blood pressure and risking damage.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining physiological processes, highlight key terms like capillaries, nicotine, and adrenaline to show a clear understanding of how lifestyle affects heart health.

 

Question 5. The point …………… a long time.
Answer: बात यह है कि यदि जॉन आराम से रहता है तो मुझे भी आराम मिलेगा। कभी-कभी की नींद भी सहायता कर सकती है। वह हल्के पढ़ने का कार्य (उपन्यास आदि) भी कर सकता है बजाय उन फाइलों के बोझ के जिन्हें वह दफ्तर से घर लाता है।

व्यायाम दूसरी वस्तु है। जॉन उन सप्ताहान्त खिलाड़ियों में से एक है जो आवश्यकता से अधिक व्यायाम करते हैं। वह अब भी पीछे से टेनिस के जाल के छोर तक भागना पसन्द करता है, किन्तु जब वह ऐसा करता है तब मेरा कार्य का बोझ सामान्य से पाँच गुना बढ़ जाता है।

जॉन को नियमित रूप से हल्का व्यायाम करना चाहिए। एक या दो किलोमीटर घूमना उसे लाभ पहुँचाएगा। दफ्तर की कुछ सीढ़ियों पर चढ़ना उसे हानि नहीं पहुँचाएगा। उसका दफ्तर दसवीं मंजिल पर है किन्तु वह दो मंजिल की सीढ़ियाँ चढ़ सकता है फिर लिफ्ट ले ले। ऐसी छोटी-छोटी बातें उसकी बहुत सहायता कर सकती हैं। जैसा कि मैं कह चुका हूँ कि चर्बी को घटाना और सक्रिय रहना ही स्वस्थ जीवन की कुंजी है।
In simple words: The heart advises John to take proper rest, read light books, and do regular mild exercise like walking instead of sudden heavy workouts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the contrast between harmful sudden heavy exercise and beneficial regular light exercise to secure full marks.

के इकट्ठा होने से मेरी धमनियों के मार्ग में रुकावट आयी है, किन्तु नियमित व्यायाम से रक्त प्रवाह के नये रास्ते विकसित हो जाएँगे। तब यदि एक धमनी बन्द भी हो जाएगी तब मुझे दूसरी धमनियों से खुराक मिल सकती है।

अन्त में भोजन की बात है। मैं जॉन को परहेज करने वाला व्यक्ति बनने को नहीं कह रहा हूँ। कुछ भी हो मेरी धमनियों में रुकावट पैदा करने में चर्बी को बहुत योगदान है। जॉन चर्बी से अपनी आवश्यकता की 45 प्रतिशत कैलोरी प्राप्त करता है और अन्य औद्योगिक देशों के समान, जो इसी प्रकार के भोजन खाते हैं, धमनियों के अवरुद्ध होने के कारण मरने वाले लोगों की सम्भावना पचास प्रतिशत है।

मैं ज्यादा माँग करने वाला व्यक्ति नहीं हूँ। प्रत्येक दशा में मैं जॉन के लिए जो भी कर सकता हूँ करूँगा। मैं चाहूँगा कि वह कार्य के बीच में आराम भी करे, थोड़ा-सा दुबला-पतला हो जाए, नियमित व्यायाम करे, थोड़ा निश्चित होकर आराम करे। चिकनाई वाले पदार्थों को खाने में और सिगरेट पीने में कमी करे। यदि वह इन बातों का पालन कर ले, तो मैं जॉन के लिए एक लम्बे समय तक काम कर सकूँगी।

Understanding the Text

Explanations

Explain one of the following passages with reference to the context:

 

Question 1. From time to time …………… hum knowing. [2018]
Answer:
Reference: These lines have been taken from the lesson ‘I am John’s Heart’ written by J.D. Ratcliff. [ N.B.: The above reference will be used for all explanations of this lesson. ]
Context: The author has made the human heart speak out its story itself when the bearer of the heart worries about it, he does so nearly always about wrong things.
Explanation: Heart says that it has to beat regularly to produce energy in order to set in motion the shrinking of its muscles. It compares this system to that of John’s car. Sometime, the mechanism for starting combustion in the engine of John’s car does not work. In the same way, the heart also fails to start and heaps one beat on top of another. It gives the impression that the heart has skipped a beat which it hasn’t. John will never expect how frequently it so happens. Understanding how the heart functions can help reduce unnecessary anxiety.
In simple words: The heart explains that it must beat steadily to keep working, just like a car engine needs to run smoothly. Sometimes it might feel like the heart missed a beat, but it is actually just a temporary change in rhythm.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always write the correct name of the lesson and the author in the Reference section to secure full marks.

 

Question 2. After a nightmare …………… slow my beat.
Answer:
Reference: These lines have been taken from the lesson ‘I am John’s Heart’ written by J.D. Ratcliff.
Context: In this lesson the writer deals with the structure and functioning of the human heart. The heart is the strongest organ of our body. It works all the twenty four hours. Its function is just like a pump. It pushes the blood into the whole body through blood vessels.
Explanation: In this passage we come to know in what condition the heart beats increase and how they can be slowed down. After a frightful dream at night the man is worried very much. So, the heart also runs faster. If man is at peace, the heart also comes at night at its normal speed. Moreover, the speed of heart beating can be controlled by rubbing the vagus nerves gently. They pass through the neck behind the ears. These nerves act as a brake. This natural mechanism helps the body restore its calm state after a sudden shock.
In simple words: When we get scared, like after a bad dream, our heart beats faster. We can help calm it down because our body has special nerves that act like brakes to slow the heartbeat back to normal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the analogy of a 'pump' and 'brakes' when explaining the heart's function and control mechanism to make your answer stand out.

 

Question 3. From time to time …………… loading on to me. Or The pain comes …………… on to me. [2015]
Answer:
Reference: These lines have been taken from the lesson ‘I am John’s Heart’ written by J.D. Ratcliff.
Context: In this lesson the writer deals with the structure and functioning of the human heart.
In simple words: This passage discusses how the heart reacts to physical stress and pain.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining passages related to pain or stress, highlight how physical symptoms are directly connected to the heart's workload.

Question (4). When an artery …………… plugged artery. [2012, 17, 18]
Answer: Context : Whenever there is any heart trouble, heart sends out its signal. It indicates that it is not getting enough nourishment. The heart does not get its nourishment from the blood passing through its four chambers. But it gets its nourishment by its own coronary arteries.

Explanation : In this passage the heart says how heart attack happens. Sometimes either fat is deposited or a clot is formed in the coronary arteries. It blocks the artery. So, a portion of heart muscle which is fed by it dies and leaves a scar tissue. Thus, the supply through coronary arteries is interrupted and it causes heart trouble. Seriousness of the trouble depends upon the size and position of plugged artery. Understanding these physical changes helps us realize how critical coronary health is.
In simple words: The heart gets its food from its own special tubes called coronary arteries. If these tubes get blocked by fat or clots, the heart muscle doesn't get nourishment and gets damaged, leading to a heart attack.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the context of the passage and the detailed explanation to show a comprehensive understanding of how arterial blockages affect the heart.

 

Question (5). John comes from …………… minimize risk.
Answer: Context : John suffered from heart attack five years ago. But he was too busy to know about it. There was a sudden sharp pain in his small arteries. The dead tissue swept away and it took two weaks to recover.

Explanation : In these lines the writer says that John has hereditary character of heart disease. So, it is certain that sooner or later John must face the heart attack. No doubt he is helpless as regards heredity but by following certain necessary precautions he can lower the risk of serious heart disease. Taking proactive steps like regular exercise and a balanced diet can make a significant difference in managing genetic risks.
In simple words: John has a family history of heart disease, making him more likely to have a heart attack. Even though he cannot change his genes, he can reduce his risk by living a healthy lifestyle.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining hereditary risks, emphasize that while genetics cannot be changed, lifestyle precautions play a vital role in prevention.

 

Question (6). Smoking is …………… easier for me.
Answer: Context : The heart works like a pump all the twenty four hours. But its speed becomes faster with the mental worry or anxiety. It should be controlled. Heart attack is caused by the plugging of the coronary arteries. The seriousness of the trouble depends upon the size and position of plugged artery.

Explanation : In this passage the heart tells that smoking is very injurious and it is one of the causes of heart trouble. Excess smoking means absorption of poisonous substance named nicotine. It mixes in the blood and makes the blood vessels narrow and hard. It constricts arteries particularly in the hands and feet, so the heart has to use more pressure for pushing the blood. Heart beatings become rapid. If a man leaves smoking, the functioning of the heart will become easier. Quitting this habit is one of the most effective ways to restore normal blood flow and reduce cardiac strain.
In simple words: Smoking introduces nicotine into the body, which makes blood vessels narrow and hard. This forces the heart to work much harder to pump blood, but stopping smoking helps the heart work normally again.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use scientific terms like 'nicotine' and 'constricts' to explain the physical effects of smoking on blood vessels for higher marks.

Context: There are three main causes of heart attack. First of them is the plugging of the coronary arteries. Second is excess smoking. Third cause is the constant worry and anxiety. The worry increases the action of adrenal glands which put more adrenalin into the blood.

 

Explanation: In this paragraph the heart says that he has no grudge with John or anybody else. It does its best under all circumstances. But it tells us some precautions which everybody should practice. We should keep the weight of body under control. We should not allow the blood pressure raise higher. We should avoid smoking. We should not worry. Moreover, we should walk in the morning in fresh air or should have a light exercise.

 

Short Answer Type Questions

 

Answer One of the Following Questions in Not More Than 30 Words:

 

Question 1. How does the heart describe itself?
Answer: The heart describes itself thus, “I am not beautiful, I have an unimpressive shape. I am red-brown in colour. My weight is 340 gm. I am pear shaped.” It works tirelessly to keep us alive.
In simple words: The heart describes itself as an ordinary-looking, pear-shaped organ that is red-brown and weighs about 340 grams.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention all four physical characteristics (unimpressive shape, red-brown color, weight, and pear shape) to get full marks.

 

Question 2. What kind of machine is the heart?
Answer: The heart is like a pumping machine. It constantly circulates blood throughout the entire body without stopping.
In simple words: The heart acts like a pump that pushes blood to all parts of our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the keyword "pumping machine" to describe the heart's primary function.

 

Question 3. How much blood does the heart pump each day?
Answer: The heart pumps about 18000 litres blood each day. This continuous circulation is vital for delivering oxygen to all tissues.
In simple words: Every single day, our heart pumps a huge amount of blood—around 18,000 liters—to keep us healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to write the correct unit "litres" along with the number 18000.

 

Question 4. What are the two false notions about the heart?
Answer: The two false notions about the heart are:
(i) it is romantic the home of feelings.
(ii) it is a fragile and delicate thing.
These misconceptions have been popular in literature for centuries.
In simple words: People wrongly believe that the heart is where our feelings come from and that it is very fragile.

🎯 Exam Tip: List both points clearly using sub-part labels (i) and (ii) as shown in the textbook.

 

Question 5. In what way does the heart differ from the other muscles of the body? Or How strong is the heart in comparison to other organs of the body?
Answer: The muscles of the heart are stronger than the muscles of any other organ of body except the uterus of a woman. This unique strength allows it to beat continuously throughout a person's lifetime.
In simple words: The heart's muscles are stronger than almost any other muscle in the body, except for a woman's uterus.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not forget to mention the exception of the "uterus of a woman" when comparing the heart's strength to other muscles.

 

Question 6. When John is awake his heart has a rest period of half a second between beats. Is the rest period longer or shorter when John is asleep?
Answer: When John is asleep, the rest period is longer because a large percentage of his capillaries are inactive and heart does not push blood through them. This allows the heart muscle to recover and conserve energy during sleep.
In simple words: When we sleep, our heart gets more rest between beats because many tiny blood vessels are inactive and the heart doesn't have to work as hard.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain why the rest period is longer by mentioning inactive capillaries and reduced blood flow.

 

Question 7. Why does the heart not want John to be a heart neurotic? (हृदय जॉन को heart neurotic क्यों नहीं होने देना चाहता?)
Answer: The heart does not want John to be a heart neurotic because then John will worry constantly. This worry will be troublesome to John as well as to his heart. Constant anxiety puts unnecessary physical stress on the cardiac muscles. (हृदय नहीं चाहता कि जॉन heart neurotic हो जाए क्योंकि फिर जॉन लगातार चिन्ता करेगा। यह चिन्ता जॉन के लिए भी और हृदय के लिए भी परेशानी का कारण हो जाएगी।)
In simple words: If John worries too much about his health, the stress actually makes his heart work harder. Staying calm is much better for heart health.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly mention the connection between constant worrying and its negative effects on both the person and the heart to secure full marks.

 

Question 8. What is the condition when the heart beats increase from normal beats? How can the rate be brought down? (वह कौन-सी स्थिति है जब हृदय की धड़कन सामान्य धड़कन से बढ़ जाती है? धड़कनों की गति को कैसे कम किया जा सकता है?)
Answer: When a man is worried, the heart beats increase from the normal beats. Gentle massage on vagus nerve will bring down the rate of beats. This nerve stimulation helps trigger the body's natural relaxation response. (जब कोई मनुष्य चिन्तित होता है, तब हृदय की धड़कनें सामान्य धड़कनों से बढ़ जाती हैं। वेगस नामक नसों पर हल्की-हल्की मालिश से इन धड़कनों की गति को कम किया जा सकता है।)
In simple words: When we get worried, our heart rate goes up. We can slow it down by gently massaging a specific nerve called the vagus nerve, which tells the heart to relax.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to name the 'vagus nerve' as it is the key term examiners look for when grading this answer.

 

Question 9. How does the heart tell John, that he is going to have a heart attack? (हृदय जॉन को कैसे बताता है कि उसे अब दिल का दौरा पड़ने वाला है?) [2018]
Answer: The heart sends a signal in the form of pain in chest which indicates the coming danger of a heart-attack. This pain acts as an urgent warning system that should never be ignored. (हृदय सीने में दर्द के रूप में संकेत भेजता है जो दिल के दौरे के होने वाले खतरे के विषय में बताता है।)
In simple words: The heart warns us of an oncoming heart attack by causing pain in the chest. This is a signal that the heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight 'pain in chest' as the primary warning signal sent by the heart.

 

Question 10. How does the heart get its nourishment? [2012, 18] (हृदय अपना आहार किस प्रकार प्राप्त करता है?)
Answer: The heart gets its nourishment from the blood through its own coronary arteries. These specialized blood vessels branch out across the outer surface of the heart to supply oxygen-rich blood. (हृदय अपना आहार अपनी ही coronary arteries के द्वारा रक्त में से प्राप्त करता है।)
In simple words: Even though the heart pumps blood to the whole body, it needs its own supply too. It gets nutrients and oxygen through special tubes called coronary arteries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always underline or emphasize 'coronary arteries' as the source of nourishment for the heart.

 

Question 11. How do arteries get blocked? (धमनिओं में रुकावट कैसे पैदा हो जाती है?)
Answer: Due to the fatty deposits the arteries get blocked. Over time, these deposits harden and narrow the passage for blood flow. (चर्बी जमा हो जाने के कारण धमनियों में रुकावट पैदा हो जाती है।)
In simple words: Arteries get blocked when fat builds up inside them. This makes the space inside the tubes smaller, making it hard for blood to flow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the term 'fatty deposits' to explain the cause of arterial blockage clearly.

 

Question 12. What is the weak spot in the heart which is the greatest single cause of death? (हृदय का सबसे कमजोर स्थान कौन-सा है जो अकेला ही सबसे बड़ा मृत्यु का कारण है?)
Answer: The coronary arteries is the weak spot in the heart. If there is any trouble, it may cause death. A blockage here can instantly starve the heart muscle of vital oxygen. (हृदय में coronary arteries सबसे कमजोर स्थान है। यदि इसमें कोई गड़बड़ हो जाए, तब वह मृत्यु का कारण बन जाती है।)
In simple words: The coronary arteries are the weakest part of the heart. If they get blocked or damaged, the heart stops working, which can lead to death.

🎯 Exam Tip: State clearly that coronary arteries are the weak spot and explain why trouble in them is fatal.

 

Question 13. What are the two ways in which coronary arteries may get clogged? (वे दो कौन-से ढंग हैं जिनसे coronary arteries बन्द हो जाती हैं?)
Answer: Coronary arteries may get clogged if fatty deposits increase in the arteries or a clot of blood is formed in the artery. Both conditions severely restrict the smooth circulation of blood to the cardiac tissues. (Coronary arteries बन्द हो सकती हैं यदि धमनियों के अन्दर चर्बी जमा हो जाए या रक्त का थक्का बन जाए।)
In simple words: The arteries can get blocked in two ways: either by fat building up inside them, or by a blood clot getting stuck inside.

🎯 Exam Tip: List both 'fatty deposits' and 'blood clot' clearly as the two distinct causes of clogging.

 

Question 14. What sort of exercise should we take to keep our heart free from problems? (हृदय को समस्याओं से मुक्त रखने के लिए हमें किस प्रकार का व्यायाम करना चाहिए?)
Answer: A walk of a kilometre or two, climbing a couple of flights of stairs or any other light exercise will keep our heart free from problems. Consistency in doing these simple activities is key to maintaining cardiovascular health. (एक या दो किलोमीटर का घूमना, जीने की कुछ सीढ़ियाँ चढ़ना जैसे अन्य हल्के व्यायाम हृदय को समस्याओं से मुक्त रखेंगे।)
In simple words: We don't need heavy workouts to keep our heart healthy. Simple things like walking a kilometer or taking the stairs are enough to keep it strong.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention 'light exercise' and give examples like walking or climbing stairs to write a complete answer.

 

Question 15. How does constant worrying cause problems to heart ? (लगातार चिन्ता करना हृदय के लिए किस प्रकार समस्या पैदा करता है ?)
Answer: Constant worrying continually stimulates adrenal glands to produce more violent stuff. These stuffs tighten the arteries and the blood pressure becomes higher. (लगातार चिन्ता करने से एड्रीनल ग्रन्थियाँ और अधिक हानिकारक पदार्थ पैदा करने लगती हैं। यह पदार्थ धमनियों को तंग कर देता है और रक्तचाप बढ़ जाता है।) This increased pressure puts extra strain on the heart muscles over time.
In simple words: When we worry too much, our body releases chemicals that make our blood vessels narrow. This makes it harder for the heart to pump blood, raising our blood pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly mention the role of adrenal glands and how they affect the arteries to secure full marks.

 

Question 16. Who is more likely to have a higher blood-pressure-a fat or a lean person ? Why ? (उच्च रक्तचाप किसे होने की सम्भावना है-मोटे आदमी को या पतले आदमी को ? क्यों ?)
Answer: A fat man is more likely to have a higher blood-pressure. The excess fat has a lot of capillaries. The heart has to work harder to push blood through these capillaries. (एक मोटे आदमी को उच्च रक्तचाप होने की सम्भावना अधिक है। अतिरिक्त चर्बी में असंख्य धमनियाँ होती हैं। हृदय को इन धमनियों में रक्त भेजने के लिए बहुत कठिन परिश्रम करना पड़ता है।) Consequently, this constant extra effort can weaken the heart muscle over the years.
In simple words: A heavier person has more body fat, which contains many tiny blood vessels. The heart has to pump much harder to push blood through all these extra pathways, leading to higher blood pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the keyword 'capillaries' and explain the extra work the heart has to do to get full marks.

 

Question 17. If a person has high blood pressure, what should he do to bring down the pressure to safer levels ? (यदि किसी व्यक्ति को उच्च रक्तचाप है, तो उसे सही स्तर तक लाने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए ?)
Or
What should a man do to reduce high blood-pressure ? (उच्च रक्तचाप को कम करने के लिए एक व्यक्ति को क्या करना चाहिए ?)
Answer: To reduce high blood-pressure, a man should:
(i) get rid of excess fat,
(ii) avoid smoking,
(iii) relax a little, and
(iv) do mild exercise regularly. (उच्च रक्तचाप को कम करने के लिए व्यक्ति को (i) अत्यधिक चर्बी से छुटकारा पाना चाहिए, (ii) धूम्रपान से बचना चाहिए, (iii) थोड़ा आराम करना चाहिए, तथा , (iv) रोजाना हल्का व्यायाम करना चाहिए।) Adopting these healthy habits significantly improves overall cardiovascular health.
In simple words: To lower high blood pressure, a person needs to lose extra weight, stop smoking, take time to relax, and do light exercise every day.

🎯 Exam Tip: List all four points clearly using sub-part numbers as shown in the textbook to score maximum marks.

 

Question 18. How does smoking increase blood-pressure ? (धूम्रपान रक्तचाप को कैसे बढ़ाता है ?)
Or
How is smoking injurious to health according to J.D.Ratcliff ? (जे०डी० रेटक्लिफ के अनुसार धूम्रपान स्वास्थ्य के लिए कैसे हानिकारक है?)
Answer: When a person smokes, nicotine enters his blood. Nicotine is a poisonous substance. It makes the arteries hard and narrow, especially of hands and legs. So, the heart has to do more work to push the blood through these blood vessels. So, the blood-pressure increases. (जब कोई व्यक्ति सिगरेट पीता है तब निकोटीन नामक पदार्थ उसके रक्त में मिल जाता है। निकोटीन एक जहरीला पदार्थ है। यह धमनियों को, विशेष रूप से हाथ और पैरों की धमनियों को, कठोर और तंग बना देता है। अतः दिल को इन नसों में खून भेजने के लिए अधिक कार्य करना पड़ता है। इसलिए रक्तचाप बढ़ जाता है।) This restriction of blood flow also reduces the oxygen supply to vital organs.
In simple words: Smoking introduces a harmful chemical called nicotine into the blood. Nicotine makes blood vessels stiff and narrow, forcing the heart to pump harder and raising blood pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention 'nicotine' and explain how it makes the arteries 'hard and narrow' to get full marks.

 

Question 19. What particular foods should the heart patient avoid ? (हृदय रोगी को किन-किन विशेष भोजनों से बचना चाहिए?)
Answer: A heart patient should avoid foods rich in fats and giving high number of calories. (हृदय रोगी को ऐसे भोजन से बचना चाहिए जिनमें चर्बी अधिक हो और जिनसे अधिक कैलोरी मिलती है।) Reducing the intake of processed sugars and heavy oils is highly beneficial for recovery.
In simple words: People with heart problems should stay away from oily, fatty foods and items that have too many calories, as these can clog blood vessels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep your answer precise by focusing on the keywords 'fats' and 'high calories'.

 

Question 20. What part does heredity play in heart troubles ? (हृदय की परेशानियों में आनुवंशिकता की क्या भूमिका है ?)
Answer: Heredity plays an important role in the heart troubles. It cannot be avoided but its effect can be minimized. (आनुवंशिकता हृदय रोगों में मुख्य भूमिका निभाती है। इससे बचा नहीं जा सकता, किन्तु इसके प्रभाव को कम किया जा सकता है।) Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is key to countering genetic risks.
In simple words: If heart disease runs in your family, you might have a higher risk of getting it. While you cannot change your family history, you can reduce the risk by living healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: State clearly that while genetic factors cannot be changed, their impact can be managed through healthy habits.

Question 21. What should a man do to avoid heart-attack ? Describe briefly.
Answer: To avoid heart attack man should follow the following precautions :
(i) should reduce overweight,
(ii) should avoid smoking,
(iii) should relax more and,
(iv) should have light exercise and balanced diet. Adopting these healthy habits significantly lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases over time.
In simple words: To prevent a heart attack, a person needs to maintain a healthy weight, stop smoking, manage stress, exercise regularly, and eat nutritious food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to list all four precautions clearly using sub-part numbers to secure full marks.

 

Question 22. What is heart if it is not a romantic character?
Answer: If heart is not a romantic character, it is a pumping machine. It works tirelessly day and night to circulate blood throughout the body.
In simple words: The heart is not actually a source of romantic feelings; biologically, it is just a muscular pump that moves blood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the answer direct and use the term 'pumping machine' as it is the key scientific keyword.

 

Vocabulary

Choose the most appropriate word or phrase that best completes the sentence:

 

Question 1. I weigh 340 grams, am red-brown in colour and have an …………… shape.
(a) unpleasant
(b) unimpressive
(c) unfair
(d) unsound
Answer: (b) unimpressive
In simple words: The heart describes itself as having a plain, ordinary, or unimpressive shape rather than something beautiful.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests your memory of the textbook's exact description of the heart's physical appearance.

 

Question 2. Whatever you may have heard about me (heart) from poets, I am not a very …………… character.
(a) pathetic
(b) romantic
(c) heroic
(d) classic
Answer: (b) romantic
In simple words: Even though poets write romantic things about the heart, it is actually just a practical organ.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate 'poets' with 'romantic' to easily remember this textbook line.

 

Question 3. No muscles in the body are as strong as I am except those of a woman’s …………… as she gives birth.
(a) stomach
(b) womb
(c) belly
(d) uterus
Answer: (d) uterus
In simple words: The heart muscle is incredibly strong, and only the muscles of a woman's uterus during childbirth are stronger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful not to confuse 'womb' with 'uterus'—the textbook specifically uses the scientific term 'uterus'.

 

Question 4. We can slow down heart beat by …………… on vague nerves.
(a) gentle massage
(b) gentle pressure
(c) brisk massage
(d) slow running
Answer: (b) gentle pressure
In simple words: Applying soft pressure on certain nerves in the neck can help slow down a fast heartbeat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for the keyword 'pressure' rather than 'massage' when dealing with nerve stimulation.

 

Question 5. John blames almost everything on me. But I (heart) have …………… to do with his fatigue.
(a) a little
(b) the little
(c) little
(d) nothing
Answer: (c) little
In simple words: The heart is rarely the direct cause of general tiredness or fatigue in a person.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the difference between 'little' (almost none) and 'a little' (some) in grammar-based textbook questions.

 

Question 6. When I (heart) am in trouble, I usually send out …………… only after undue exertion or emotion.
(a) a light signal
(b) a pain signal
(c) an alarm signal
(d) a sound signal
Answer: (b) a pain signal
In simple words: When the heart does not get enough oxygen during hard work or stress, it warns us by causing pain.

🎯 Exam Tip: The heart's primary warning system for trouble is physical pain, often felt in the chest or arm.

 

Question 7. Heart is fed by his own two ……………
(a) coronary arteries
(b) pulmonary arteries
(c) major arteries
(d) minor arteries
Answer: (a) coronary arteries
In simple words: The heart muscle itself gets its blood and oxygen supply from two special blood vessels called coronary arteries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'coronary' always refers to the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle itself.

 

Question 8. The greatest single cause of death is ……………
(a) fatigue
(b) insufficient sleep
(c) worry and anxiety
(d) trouble in coronary arteries
Answer: (d) trouble in coronary arteries
In simple words: Blockages or diseases in the coronary arteries are the leading cause of heart attacks and death worldwide.

🎯 Exam Tip: Coronary artery disease is the most critical heart condition mentioned in this chapter.

 

Question 9. Any one can bring out his blood pressure to safer levels by reducing ……………
(a) his unusual height
(b) his work load
(c) excess weight
(d) quantity of food
Answer: (c) excess weight
In simple words: Losing extra body weight is one of the most effective ways to lower high blood pressure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Weight reduction is directly linked to lowering blood pressure in medical guidelines.

 

Question 10. Smoking is dangerous to heart because ……………
(a) it accelerates the heart beat
(b) it has a dangerous substance named nicotine
(c) it slows down heart beats
(d) it makes our veins inactive
Answer: (a) it accelerates the heart beat
In simple words: Smoking makes the heart beat much faster than normal, which puts extra stress on it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the direct physical effect of smoking on the heart rate to answer this correctly.

p>Question 11. Reducing the body weight, regular exercise, more relaxation and control on smoking are some of the ............. for a healthy heart.
(a) necessities
(b) uses
(c) precautions
(d) harms
Answer: (a) necessities
In simple words: To keep our heart healthy, doing things like exercising, relaxing, and not smoking are absolutely necessary actions we must take.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the context of the chapter; the author lists these lifestyle changes as essential requirements or 'necessities' for heart health.

 

Question 12. Also, while John sleeps, a large percentage of his capillaries are ............. so, as I don’t push blood through them, my beat slows from a normal 72 a minute down to 55.
(a) active
(b) inactive
(c) blocked
(d) open
Answer: (b) inactive
In simple words: When we sleep, many of our tiny blood vessels rest and do not work, which lets the heart slow down and rest too.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that during sleep, bodily functions slow down, meaning the capillaries become inactive to reduce the heart's workload.

 

Question 13. John likes catapults ............. than anything else.
(a) more
(b) much
(c) enough
(d) little
Answer: (a) more
In simple words: We use the word 'more' before 'than' when comparing how much someone likes one thing compared to others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Whenever you see 'than' in a comparative sentence, look for comparative degrees like 'more' or 'better'.

 

Question 14. All the same ............. seem to play some role in building up those blockage forming in my arteries.
(a) proteins
(b) carbohydrates
(c) fats
(d) calories
Answer: (c) fats
In simple words: Fatty substances can build up inside our blood tubes, making them narrow and blocking the smooth flow of blood.

🎯 Exam Tip: In biology and health chapters, blockages in arteries (atherosclerosis) are primarily associated with the accumulation of fats and cholesterol.

 

Question 15. From ............. my ignition system gets momentarily out of tune.
(a) pillar to post
(b) beginning to end
(c) top to bottom
(d) time to time
Answer: (d) time to time
In simple words: 'From time to time' is an idiom that means occasionally or once in a while.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn common English idioms like 'from time to time' to easily solve phrase-completion questions.

 

Question 16. From time to time, my ignition system gets momentarily out of ............. just like the ignition system of John’s car. [2011]
(a) tune
(b) dune
(c) pume
(d) tone
Answer: (a) tune
In simple words: When something is 'out of tune', it means it is not working perfectly or smoothly, just like a car engine that needs a service.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'out of tune' is used metaphorically here to describe the heart's temporary irregular rhythm.

 

Question 17. I am not getting enough ............. to cope with the work he is loading on to me. [2018]
(a) energy
(b) nourishment
(c) compliment
(d) supplement
Answer: (b) nourishment
In simple words: The heart needs proper food and oxygen (nourishment) from the blood to stay strong and do its heavy work.

🎯 Exam Tip: In the context of 'I am John's Heart', the heart complains about not getting enough 'nourishment' when overworked.

 

Question 18. When John thinks of me at all, he thinks of me as ............. and delicate. [2009, 15]
(a) soft
(b) soggy
(c) fragile
(d) fragrant
Answer: (c) fragile
In simple words: John mistakenly thinks his heart is very weak, easily broken, and delicate, even though it is actually very tough.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Fragile' and 'delicate' are near-synonyms often paired together to describe things that are easily damaged.

 

Question 19. How do I get my nourishment ? From the ............. of course.
(a) blood
(b) heart
(c) tissues
(d) arteries
Answer: (a) blood
In simple words: The heart gets its food and oxygen directly from the blood that flows through its special side channels.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a direct quote from the lesson where the heart explains that its nourishment comes 'from the blood, of course'.

 

Question 20. Climbing a couple of flight of ............. to his office wouldn’t hurt either.
(a) spares
(b) stares
(c) stairs
(d) scarce
Answer: (c) stairs
In simple words: A 'flight of stairs' means a set of steps leading from one floor of a building to another.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with homophones (words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings) like 'stares' and 'stairs'.

 

Question 21. I hang by ligament in the ............. of his chest. [2013, 18]
(a) middle
(b) core
(c) centre
(d) deep
Answer: (c) centre
In simple words: The heart is physically located right in the middle or centre of the chest cavity, held by strong bands called ligaments.

🎯 Exam Tip: The textbook specifically uses the British spelling 'centre' to describe the anatomical position of the heart.

 

Question 22. You must give ............. your bad habits. [2015]
(a) after
(b) away
(c) up
(d) out
Answer: (c) up
In simple words: To 'give up' a habit means to stop doing it completely.

🎯 Exam Tip: Phrasal verbs are highly tested. 'Give up' means to quit, whereas 'give away' means to donate or reveal a secret.

 

Question 23. Then, if our artery closes down, ............. are others to nourish me.. [2015]
(a) here
(b) where
(c) there
(d) their
Answer: (c) there
In simple words: We use 'there' to show that other blood vessels exist to help feed the heart if one gets blocked.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse the possessive pronoun 'their' with the adverb of place/existence 'there'.

 

Question 24. Smoking is a ............. violent stuff. [2015]
(a) gritty
(b) nitty
(c) pretty
(d) petty
Answer: (c) pretty
In simple words: In this sentence, 'pretty' is used as an informal way to say 'very' or 'quite'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Pretty' can act as an adverb meaning 'moderately' or 'fairly' when modifying adjectives like 'violent'.

 

Question 25. John hardly ............. thinks of me which is good. [2016]
(a) never
(b) ever
(c) always
(d) sometimes
Answer: (b) ever
In simple words: 'Hardly ever' is a common phrase that means almost never.

🎯 Exam Tip: Avoid double negatives; 'hardly never' is grammatically incorrect, so 'hardly ever' is the correct choice.

 

Question 26. Fatty deposits begin to ............. up in the coronary arteries. [2018]
(a) build
(b) band
(c) bang
(d) bind
Answer: (a) build
In simple words: 'Build up' means to gradually gather or accumulate over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrasal verb 'build up' is standard medical terminology for plaque accumulation in blood vessels.

 

Question 1.
Answer: (b)
In simple words: Option (b) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to align your answer sheet carefully with the question numbers to avoid shifting errors.

 

Question 2.
Answer: (b)
In simple words: Option (b) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Eliminate obviously incorrect options first to narrow down your choices.

 

Question 3.
Answer: (d)
In simple words: Option (d) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: If 'All of the options' is an option, verify if at least two options are correct before choosing it.

 

Question 4.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to absolute words like 'always' or 'never' in the options.

 

Question 5.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check your calculations or facts before finalizing option (c).

 

Question 6.
Answer: (b)
In simple words: Option (b) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep track of time during multiple-choice sections so you don't get stuck on one question.

 

Question 7.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trust your first instinct if you have studied well, as it is often correct.

 

Question 8.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the question stem carefully to understand exactly what is being asked.

 

Question 9.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for keywords in the question that directly link to the correct option.

 

Question 10.
Answer: (b)
In simple words: Option (b) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice with previous years' question papers to get used to the pattern of multiple-choice questions.

 

Question 11.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you understand the core concept of the chapter to easily identify the correct option.

 

Question 12.
Answer: (b)
In simple words: Option (b) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Don't leave any multiple-choice questions unanswered if there is no negative marking.

 

Question 13.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read all options even if you think the first one is correct, just to be absolutely sure.

 

Question 14.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the process of elimination to increase your chances of choosing the correct answer.

 

Question 15.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to negative words like 'not' or 'except' in the question text.

 

Question 16.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep your focus sharp and avoid rushing through the final set of questions.

 

Question 17.
Answer: (b)
In simple words: Option (b) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Re-read the question if the options seem confusing or very similar to each other.

 

Question 18.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to mark your answers clearly on the OMR sheet if applicable.

 

Question 19.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stay calm and composed during the exam to avoid silly mistakes in simple questions.

 

Question 20.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Review your answers once you have completed the entire paper if time permits.

 

Question 21.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you have answered all sub-parts of a question before moving to the next one.

 

Question 22.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep a steady pace throughout the exam to ensure you can attempt every question.

 

Question 23.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check questions that involve numbers or specific dates to avoid confusion.

 

Question 24.
Answer: (c)
In simple words: Option (c) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the context of the chapter carefully to understand the underlying meaning of the questions.

 

Question 25.
Answer: (b)
In simple words: Option (b) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the grammatical structure of the question to find clues for the correct option.

 

Question 26.
Answer: (a)
In simple words: Option (a) is the correct answer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always review your final answers to ensure no questions were accidentally skipped.