UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Chapter 4 Syntax

Excellent General English Grammar Book Class 12 Solutions Syntax Exercises

Note : निम्नलिखित उठारों में आशुद्ध शब्दों के सामने शुद्ध शब्द दिए गए है अर्थात् आशुद्ध शब्द - शुद्ध शब्द तथा जहाँ पूरे वाक्य में परिवर्तन करना आवश्यक है वहाँ शुद्ध वाक्य दिया गया है।

Syntax Class 12 Up Board Exercise 1

Question 1. Trouser
Answer: trousers,
In simple words: This correction addresses the common grammatical error of using 'trouser' in its singular form when referring to the garment, which is always plural.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use the plural form for garments like 'trousers', 'scissors', 'spectacles', as they consist of two identical parts.

Question 2. month's
Answer: month's,
In simple words: This indicates that 'month's' is already in its correct possessive form, suggesting no change is needed for this specific word.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to apostrophe usage for possessives; ensure it's correctly placed to indicate ownership or association.

Question 3. rupees
Answer: rupee,
In simple words: This correction implies that 'rupees' should be singular 'rupee', likely in a context where a singular amount or unit is intended.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always check the context to determine if a singular or plural noun is required, especially for units of currency or measurement.

Question 4. was
Answer: were,
In simple words: This correction changes 'was' to 'were', indicating a change in subject-verb agreement from singular to plural.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the verb in a sentence always agrees with its subject in number and person.

Question 5. are
Answer: is,
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'is', indicating a change in subject-verb agreement from plural to singular.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correct subject-verb agreement is crucial for grammatical accuracy; always match singular subjects with singular verbs and plural subjects with plural verbs.

Question 6. spectacle
Answer: spectacles,
In simple words: This correction changes 'spectacle' to 'spectacles', referring to eyewear which is typically plural.

🎯 Exam Tip: Nouns that refer to items with two symmetrical parts (like glasses, scissors, trousers) are almost always plural and take a plural verb.

Question 7. furnitures
Answer: pieces of furniture,
In simple words: This correction changes the uncountable noun 'furnitures' to its correct form 'pieces of furniture'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'furniture' is an uncountable noun and does not take a plural 's'; to express quantity, use terms like 'pieces of furniture' or 'items of furniture'.

Question 8. fish
Answer: fish,
In simple words: This indicates that 'fish' is correct in both singular and plural forms, depending on the context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of nouns like 'fish' and 'sheep' that have the same form for both singular and plural, and rely on context for their number.

Question 9. Sadhna
Answer: Sadhna's
In simple words: This correction adds an apostrophe and 's' to make 'Sadhna' possessive, indicating ownership.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use an apostrophe followed by 's' ('s) to form the possessive of most singular nouns, including proper nouns.

Question 10. Mohan's sister's song
Answer: song of Mohan's sister,
In simple words: This correction rephrases a double possessive to a more natural and grammatically correct structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Avoid using double possessives (e.g., 'Mohan's sister's'); instead, rephrase using 'of' to clarify ownership or relationship.

Question 11. house is
Answer: houses are,
In simple words: This correction changes 'house is' to 'houses are', correcting both the noun's number and subject-verb agreement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure the noun and verb agree in number; a plural noun requires a plural verb, and a singular noun requires a singular verb.

Question 12. are
Answer: is,
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'is', adjusting the verb to agree with a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully identify the true subject of the sentence to ensure the verb choice (singular 'is' or plural 'are') is correct.

Question 13. dozens
Answer: dozen,
In simple words: This correction changes 'dozens' to 'dozen', implying a specific number or a singular context.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using numerical terms like 'dozen', 'hundred', or 'thousand', determine if a specific count (e.g., 'two dozen eggs') or an indefinite large quantity (e.g., 'dozens of people') is intended to choose the correct form.

Question 14. informations
Answer: information or items of information,
In simple words: This correction clarifies that 'information' is an uncountable noun and should not be pluralized with an 's'; for quantity, use 'items of information'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize common uncountable nouns like 'information', 'advice', 'news', and 'luggage', and remember they do not have a plural form; use quantifiers to specify amounts.

Question 15. furnitures
Answer: pieces of furniture,
In simple words: This correction changes the uncountable noun 'furnitures' to its proper phrase 'pieces of furniture'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For uncountable nouns, use appropriate collective nouns or phrases like 'pieces of' or 'items of' to express plural meaning.

Question 16. a black shoe
Answer: a pair of black shoes,
In simple words: This correction changes 'a black shoe' to 'a pair of black shoes', indicating that shoes are typically worn in pairs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When referring to objects that naturally come in pairs, such as shoes, socks, or gloves, it's often more accurate to use 'a pair of' followed by the plural noun.

Question 17. hundreds
Answer: hundred,
In simple words: This correction changes 'hundreds' to 'hundred', usually when referring to a specific quantity like 'two hundred' rather than an indefinite large number.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the singular form of number words (e.g., 'hundred', 'thousand') when they are preceded by a number (e.g., 'five hundred people'); use the plural form with 'of' for indefinite quantities (e.g., 'hundreds of people').

Question 18. have
Answer: has,
In simple words: This correction changes 'have' to 'has', ensuring subject-verb agreement with a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always check that the verb 'have' or 'has' matches the number of its subject; 'has' is for singular subjects, and 'have' is for plural subjects (or 'I' and 'you').

Question 19. sceneries = scenery, are = is
Answer: scenery, are = is,
In simple words: This correction addresses 'sceneries' as an incorrect plural form of the uncountable noun 'scenery', and adjusts the verb to match.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Scenery' is an uncountable noun and does not have a plural form; consequently, it always takes a singular verb. Remember other uncountable nouns like 'poetry' or 'equipment'.

Question 20. table's leg
Answer: leg of table.
In simple words: This correction changes the possessive form 'table's leg' to 'leg of table', which is the grammatically preferred way to show possession for inanimate objects.

🎯 Exam Tip: Generally, avoid using the apostrophe 's' for inanimate objects to show possession; instead, use the "of" construction (e.g., 'the roof of the house' instead of 'the house's roof').

Class 12 English Grammar Notes Up Board Exercise 2

Question 1. spirit
Answer: spirits,
In simple words: This correction changes 'spirit' to 'spirits', indicating that the context requires the plural form of the noun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that some nouns can be both countable and uncountable depending on context. In specific instances, the plural form is necessary to convey the intended meaning, like 'high spirits'.

Question 2. surrounding is
Answer: surroundings are,
In simple words: This correction changes 'surrounding is' to 'surroundings are', correcting both the noun's number and subject-verb agreement for the plural form 'surroundings'.

🎯 Exam Tip: The word 'surroundings' is a plural noun and always takes a plural verb. Ensure consistent subject-verb agreement, especially with nouns that are inherently plural.

Question 3. mark
Answer: marks,
In simple words: This correction changes 'mark' to 'marks', implying that the plural form is required in the given context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be mindful of context to determine if a singular or plural noun is appropriate, especially for words that can represent a single instance or multiple instances, like 'marks' in an exam.

Question 4. clothings
Answer: clothing,
In simple words: This correction changes 'clothings' to 'clothing', as 'clothing' is an uncountable noun and should not be pluralized with an 's'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Clothing' is an uncountable noun, meaning it refers to garments in general and does not take a plural 's'. To refer to individual items, use 'articles of clothing'.

Question 5. these informations
Answer: this information,
In simple words: This correction transforms 'these informations' into 'this information', correctly using the singular, uncountable noun 'information' and adjusting the demonstrative pronoun accordingly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 'information' is always uncountable; use 'this' or 'that' with it, and avoid 'these' or 'those' directly with 'information'.

Question 6. was = were, lot of mistakes = a lot of mistakes
Answer: were, lot of mistakes = a lot of mistakes,
In simple words: This correction changes 'was' to 'were' for subject-verb agreement and adds 'a' to 'lot of mistakes' to form the correct idiom 'a lot of mistakes'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'A lot of' is an idiomatic phrase meaning 'many' or 'much' and should include 'a'. Also, ensure verbs like 'was'/'were' correctly agree with their subjects in number.

Question 7. regard
Answer: regards,
In simple words: This correction changes 'regard' to 'regards', likely used in the context of 'with regards to' or 'best regards'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to collocations and idiomatic expressions; 'regards' is often used in plural in specific phrases to convey greetings or respect.

Question 8. arm
Answer: up arms,
In simple words: This correction implies changing 'arm' to 'up arms', suggesting the idiomatic expression 'take up arms'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with common idioms and phrasal verbs, as their meaning and form are fixed. 'Take up arms' means to prepare for or engage in conflict.

Question 9. lot
Answer: a lot,
In simple words: This correction adds 'a' to 'lot' to form the correct phrase 'a lot', meaning 'much' or 'many'.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'a lot' is always written as two words and should include the indefinite article 'a' when used to mean 'much' or 'many'.

Question 10. offsprings
Answer: offspring.
In simple words: This correction changes 'offsprings' to 'offspring', as 'offspring' is a noun that remains the same in both singular and plural forms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Some nouns, like 'offspring', 'deer', and 'sheep', have the same form for both singular and plural. Determine their number from the context of the sentence.

Up Board Solution Class 12 English Grammar Exercise 3

Question 1. sceneries = scenery, are = is
Answer: scenery, are = is,
In simple words: This correction transforms the incorrect plural 'sceneries' into the uncountable 'scenery' and adjusts the verb for singular agreement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'scenery' is an uncountable noun and should always be used with a singular verb, never 'sceneries'.

Question 2. surrounding
Answer: surroundings,
In simple words: This correction changes 'surrounding' to 'surroundings', referring to the environment or area around a place, which is typically used in the plural form.

🎯 Exam Tip: The noun 'surroundings' is almost always plural and takes a plural verb. Pay attention to context clues that indicate whether a singular or plural form is necessary.

Question 3. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: light travels faster than sound.
In simple words: This is a statement of a scientific fact that is grammatically correct and requires no changes to its form.

🎯 Exam Tip: When given a fact-based sentence, confirm its grammatical structure and scientific accuracy if relevant. Sometimes, no correction is needed, which itself is a correct answer.

Question 4. arrear
Answer: arrears,
In simple words: This correction changes 'arrear' to 'arrears', which refers to money that is owed and should have been paid earlier, typically used in the plural.

🎯 Exam Tip: The term 'arrears' is commonly used in its plural form when referring to overdue payments or duties. Be mindful of such specific noun usages.

Question 5. furnitures
Answer: furniture,
In simple words: This correction changes 'furnitures' to 'furniture', as 'furniture' is an uncountable noun and does not take a plural 's'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always treat 'furniture' as an uncountable noun; use it in its singular form and pair it with a singular verb. To quantify, use phrases like 'items of furniture'.

Question 6. hound
Answer: hounds,
In simple words: This correction changes 'hound' to 'hounds', indicating that the plural form of the noun is required in the given context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to whether the context implies a singular or plural quantity for countable nouns. Using the correct number is essential for accuracy.

Question 7. these news have
Answer: this news has,
In simple words: This correction changes 'these news have' to 'this news has', aligning the demonstrative pronoun and verb with 'news', which is an uncountable noun taking a singular verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'News' is an uncountable noun, even though it ends in 's', and always takes a singular verb. Use 'this' or 'that' with 'news', not 'these' or 'those'.

Question 8. any brain
Answer: any brain,
In simple words: This indicates that the phrase 'any brain' is grammatically acceptable depending on the specific context or intended meaning, suggesting no inherent error.

🎯 Exam Tip: While 'brain' can be countable or uncountable, its usage with 'any' is correct for both forms, often implying 'any mental capacity' or 'any part of a brain'. Context is key.

Question 9. our room's roof
Answer: the roof of our room,
In simple words: This correction changes 'our room's roof' to 'the roof of our room', correctly expressing possession for an inanimate object.

🎯 Exam Tip: For inanimate objects, use the 'of' construction (e.g., 'the cover of the book') instead of the apostrophe 's' (e.g., 'the book's cover') to indicate possession.

Question 10. The son of Mr. Brown's
Answer: Mr. Brown's son.
In simple words: This correction rephrases the structure 'The son of Mr. Brown's' to the more direct and common possessive form 'Mr. Brown's son'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Direct possessive forms with 's' are generally preferred for living beings. Avoid overly complex 'of' constructions when a simpler possessive form is available.

Excellent General English Grammar Class 12 Solutions Exercise 4

Question 1. Their
Answer: his,
In simple words: This correction changes 'Their' to 'his', adjusting the pronoun to agree with a singular antecedent, implying a specific male individual.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure pronouns agree in number and gender with their antecedents. If the antecedent is singular, use a singular pronoun ('his', 'her', 'its').

Question 2. myself
Answer: I,
In simple words: This correction changes 'myself' to 'I', indicating that 'myself' was incorrectly used as a subject pronoun instead of 'I'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use reflexive pronouns like 'myself' only when the subject and object are the same person or for emphasis; never use them as the sole subject or object of a sentence.

Question 3. whom
Answer: who,
In simple words: This correction changes 'whom' to 'who', indicating that 'who' is the correct subject pronoun for the clause.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'who' for the subject of a verb and 'whom' for the object of a verb or preposition. A quick trick is to substitute 'he/she' for 'who' and 'him/her' for 'whom'.

Question 4. he
Answer: one,
In simple words: This correction changes 'he' to 'one', suggesting a context where an impersonal or general subject is required.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'one' when referring to people in general or making a general statement, often followed by 'one's' for possessive or 'oneself' for reflexive.

Question 5. either
Answer: any,
In simple words: This correction changes 'either' to 'any', implying a choice among more than two options or a general negation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'either' when referring to a choice between *two* items. Use 'any' when referring to a choice among *three or more* items, or in negative sentences.

Question 6. whom
Answer: who,
In simple words: This correction changes 'whom' to 'who', confirming that the subject form is needed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember 'who' acts as a subject (like 'he' or 'she'), while 'whom' acts as an object (like 'him' or 'her').

Question 7. their
Answer: his,
In simple words: This correction changes 'their' to 'his', ensuring the possessive pronoun agrees with a singular antecedent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Maintain pronoun-antecedent agreement: if the antecedent is singular (e.g., 'every student'), use a singular possessive pronoun ('his' or 'her').

Question 8. I
Answer: me,
In simple words: This correction changes 'I' to 'me', indicating that the object pronoun form is required, not the subject form.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'I' when it is the subject of a verb and 'me' when it is the object of a verb or preposition. Test by removing the other person in a compound subject/object.

Question 9. his
Answer: one's,
In simple words: This correction changes 'his' to 'one's', aligning the possessive pronoun with the impersonal pronoun 'one'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using the indefinite pronoun 'one' (meaning a person in general), its corresponding possessive pronoun should be 'one's', not 'his' or 'her'.

Question 10. were = was, their = his/her, uniforms = uniform
Answer: was, their = his/her, uniforms = uniform,
In simple words: This multiple correction addresses subject-verb agreement (singular subject needs 'was'), pronoun-antecedent agreement (singular antecedent needs 'his/her'), and converts the plural 'uniforms' to the singular 'uniform' if referring to one specific type.

🎯 Exam Tip: For complex sentences, break down corrections: first ensure subject-verb agreement, then pronoun-antecedent agreement, and finally correct noun forms based on context.

Question 11. are = is, their = her
Answer: is, their = her,
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'is' for singular subject-verb agreement and 'their' to 'her' for singular, feminine possessive agreement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure verbs agree with their subjects in number and that possessive pronouns agree with the gender and number of their antecedents.

Question 12. that
Answer: whom,
In simple words: This correction changes 'that' to 'whom', indicating that the object form of the relative pronoun referring to a person is required, often after a preposition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'who' or 'that' for subjects, and 'whom' or 'that' for objects when referring to people. 'Whom' is specifically used when it is the object of a preposition (e.g., 'to whom').

Question 13. absents
Answer: If
In simple words: This correction changes 'absents' to 'If', suggesting that 'absents' was misused and an introductory conditional conjunction 'If' is needed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the role of words in a sentence; 'absents' is a verb form, while 'If' is a conjunction used to introduce a condition. Ensure the correct part of speech is used.

Question 14. life
Answer: lives,
In simple words: This correction changes 'life' to 'lives', typically to match a plural subject or to refer to multiple individual instances of life.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Life' can be an uncountable noun (e.g., 'the meaning of life') or a countable noun in its plural form 'lives' (e.g., 'many lives were saved'). Context determines the correct form.

Question 15. I
Answer: me,
In simple words: This correction changes 'I' to 'me', using the object pronoun when 'me' is the object of a verb or preposition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between subject pronouns ('I', 'he', 'she', 'we', 'they') and object pronouns ('me', 'him', 'her', 'us', 'them'). The subject performs the action, the object receives it.

Question 16. other
Answer: another,
In simple words: This correction changes 'other' to 'another', indicating a singular, indefinite additional item.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'another' with singular countable nouns or as a pronoun for one more of something. Use 'other' with plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns.

Question 17. Everyone = Each, are = is
Answer: Each, are = is,
In simple words: This correction changes 'Everyone' to 'Each' to emphasize individual members, and 'are' to 'is' for singular subject-verb agreement with 'Each'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Indefinite pronouns like 'Everyone', 'Each', 'Everybody', and 'Nobody' are singular and always take a singular verb. 'Each' specifically highlights individuals within a group.

Question 18. who
Answer: that,
In simple words: This correction changes 'who' to 'that', suggesting 'that' is the more appropriate relative pronoun for referring to things or in restrictive clauses.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Who' typically refers to people. 'That' can refer to people, animals, or things, and is generally used in restrictive clauses (essential information). 'Which' is for non-restrictive clauses (extra information) and things.

Question 19. whom
Answer: who,
In simple words: This correction changes 'whom' to 'who', correctly using the subject pronoun form.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'who' when it is the subject performing the action and 'whom' when it is the object receiving the action or after a preposition.

Question 20. are
Answer: am
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'am', ensuring correct subject-verb agreement with the first-person singular pronoun 'I'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always match the verb 'to be' correctly with its subject; 'am' is exclusively used with 'I'.

Syntax English Grammar Class 12 Exercise 5

Question 1. Resigned
Answer: resigned myself,
In simple words: This correction adds the reflexive pronoun 'myself' to 'resigned', making it a grammatically complete verb phrase when the subject performs the action on itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Certain verbs, like 'resign', 'avail', 'enjoy', 'pride', and 'absent', often require a reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself, himself, etc.) when the subject and object are the same.

Question 2. I
Answer: me,
In simple words: This correction changes 'I' to 'me', indicating that an object pronoun is required, typically after a preposition or as the object of a verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the object pronoun 'me' when it receives the action or is part of a prepositional phrase, contrasting with the subject pronoun 'I' which performs the action.

Question 3. John and you
Answer: you and John,
In simple words: This correction changes 'John and you' to 'you and John', following the convention of placing 'you' before other people when listing subjects.

🎯 Exam Tip: In English, it is considered polite to refer to yourself last when listing multiple subjects or objects (e.g., 'John, you, and I') and to place 'you' before others if not listing yourself.

Question 4. which
Answer: that,
In simple words: This correction changes 'which' to 'that', suggesting 'that' is more appropriate for a restrictive clause, providing essential information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'that' for restrictive clauses (information essential to the noun it modifies) and 'which' for non-restrictive clauses (additional, non-essential information, set off by commas).

Question 5. me
Answer: I,
In simple words: This correction changes 'me' to 'I', indicating that the subject pronoun form is required, not the object form.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'I' when it is the subject of a sentence or a clause (performing the action) and 'me' when it is the object (receiving the action).

Question 6. neither
Answer: none,
In simple words: This correction changes 'neither' to 'none', suggesting a choice among more than two options.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'neither' when referring to a choice between *two* options (meaning 'not one or the other'). Use 'none' when referring to *three or more* options (meaning 'not any').

Question 7. that
Answer: which,
In simple words: This correction changes 'that' to 'which', implying the clause is non-restrictive and provides additional, non-essential information.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Which' is often used in non-restrictive clauses, which add extra information and are usually set off by commas. 'That' introduces restrictive clauses, which provide essential information without commas.

Question 8. their
Answer: theirs,
In simple words: This correction changes the possessive adjective 'their' to the possessive pronoun 'theirs', used when the pronoun stands alone without a noun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Possessive adjectives ('my', 'your', 'his', 'her', 'its', 'our', 'their') precede a noun. Possessive pronouns ('mine', 'yours', 'his', 'hers', 'its', 'ours', 'theirs') stand alone.

Question 9. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: your house is large,
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct as is, with 'your' as the possessive adjective modifying 'house'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Sometimes sentences are already correct; recognize when no changes are needed to avoid introducing errors. Focus on identifying and understanding the correct usage of possessive adjectives and sentence structure.

Question 10. none
Answer: neither,
In simple words: This correction changes 'none' to 'neither', implying a choice between exactly two options where 'not one or the other' is intended.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'neither' for two items or people, and 'none' for three or more. This distinction is crucial for precise communication.

Question 11. those of ours
Answer: ours,
In simple words: This correction simplifies 'those of ours' to 'ours', using the possessive pronoun directly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Possessive pronouns like 'ours', 'yours', 'theirs' can stand alone, eliminating redundant phrases like 'those of' when the context is clear.

Question 12. himself
Answer: him,
In simple words: This correction changes 'himself' to 'him', indicating that an object pronoun is required, not a reflexive pronoun, as the subject is not performing the action on itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., himself, herself) only when the subject and object of the verb are the same. Otherwise, use objective pronouns (e.g., him, her).

Question 13. the country of ours
Answer: our country,
In simple words: This correction changes 'the country of ours' to 'our country', using the more direct and natural possessive adjective form.

🎯 Exam Tip: Prefer possessive adjectives (my, your, our, etc.) for direct possession over 'of' constructions when referring to shared or communal entities like 'our country'.

Question 14. who Whom
Answer: whom,
In simple words: This correction clarifies that 'whom' is the correct object pronoun, implying that 'who' was incorrectly used in an objective context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'whom' as the object of a verb or preposition. If you can replace the word with 'him' or 'her', 'whom' is generally correct.

Question 15. what
Answer: that
In simple words: This correction changes 'what' to 'that', indicating that 'that' is the more appropriate relative pronoun for introducing a noun clause or in specific contexts where 'what' is used incorrectly.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'What' means 'the thing which', while 'that' is a relative pronoun. Choose 'that' when referring to a specific item or clause, or 'what' when asking a question or referring to something unknown.

Excellent English Grammar Book Class 12 Up Board Exercise 6

Question 1. latest
Answer: last,
In simple words: This correction changes 'latest' to 'last', distinguishing between chronological order and being most recent.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Latest' refers to the most recent in time (e.g., 'latest news'), while 'last' refers to the final item in a sequence (e.g., 'last chapter') or the previous one ('last week').

Question 2. Remove 'more'
Answer: Remove 'more',
In simple words: This instruction indicates that the word 'more' should be removed from a sentence to correct redundancy or an incorrect comparative structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: Avoid redundant comparatives or superlatives. For example, don't use 'more' with an adjective that already forms its comparative with '-er' (e.g., 'taller', not 'more taller').

Question 3. than
Answer: to,
In simple words: This correction changes 'than' to 'to', as 'to' is the correct preposition to use after certain comparative adjectives like 'superior', 'inferior', 'prior'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that adjectives ending in '-ior' (e.g., senior, junior, superior, inferior, prior) are followed by the preposition 'to', not 'than', in comparisons.

Question 4. any newspaper
Answer: all newspapers,
In simple words: This correction changes 'any newspaper' to 'all newspapers', indicating a shift from a singular, indefinite reference to a plural, inclusive one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between 'any' (singular or plural, often in questions/negatives, or meaning 'one/some') and 'all' (referring to the entire quantity or group).

Question 5. the best
Answer: better,
In simple words: This correction changes the superlative 'the best' to the comparative 'better', implying a comparison between two items rather than one being superior among many.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the comparative degree ('better', 'taller') when comparing two items, and the superlative degree ('best', 'tallest') when comparing three or more items.

Question 6. The great Ashoka
Answer: Ashoka the great,
In simple words: This correction changes the order from 'The great Ashoka' to 'Ashoka the great', which is the traditional and grammatically accepted way to place an epithet after a proper name.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using an epithet (a descriptive title or phrase) for a famous person, it generally follows the proper noun, like 'Alexander the Great' or 'Ivan the Terrible'.

Question 7. last
Answer: latest,
In simple words: This correction changes 'last' to 'latest', indicating that the most recent item is being referred to, rather than the final item in a sequence.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Latest' means most recent. 'Last' means final in a series. Choose carefully based on whether you're indicating time or position.

Question 8. than
Answer: to that,
In simple words: This correction expands 'than' to 'to that', likely to avoid an illogical comparison by explicitly referring to a previously mentioned noun.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing specific attributes of two distinct entities, ensure the comparison is logical. Use 'than that of' or 'than those of' to avoid comparing an attribute with a whole entity.

Question 9. Haldwani
Answer: than that of Haldwani,
In simple words: This correction adds 'than that of' before 'Haldwani', making a proper comparison between a characteristic of one place and the characteristic of Haldwani.

🎯 Exam Tip: In comparative sentences, avoid comparing a characteristic of one item to the entire other item. Use 'than that of' (singular) or 'than those of' (plural) to compare like with like.

Question 10. than
Answer: to,
In simple words: This correction changes 'than' to 'to', which is the correct preposition to follow comparative adjectives ending in '-ior'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'senior', 'junior', 'superior', 'inferior', 'prior', and 'preferable' are followed by 'to', not 'than', in comparative structures.

Question 11. than
Answer: to,
In simple words: This correction changes 'than' to 'to', as 'to' is the correct preposition for certain comparisons, especially after words like 'prefer'.

🎯 Exam Tip: The verb 'prefer' always takes the preposition 'to' when comparing two things or actions (e.g., 'I prefer tea to coffee').

Question 12. much
Answer: very,
In simple words: This correction changes 'much' to 'very', using the correct intensifier for an adjective or adverb.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Very' is used to intensify adjectives and adverbs. 'Much' is typically used with comparative adjectives (e.g., 'much better') or with verbs, or with uncountable nouns.

Question 13. latter
Answer: later,
In simple words: This correction changes 'latter' to 'later', distinguishing between the second of two things mentioned and a point in time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Later' refers to time. 'Latter' refers to the second of two items previously mentioned. Do not confuse their usage.

Question 14. seven days
Answer: seventh day,
In simple words: This correction changes 'seven days' to 'seventh day', indicating an ordinal number (position) rather than a cardinal number (quantity).

🎯 Exam Tip: Cardinal numbers (one, two, three) specify quantity. Ordinal numbers (first, second, third) specify position in a sequence. Choose the correct type based on context.

Question 15. the two first
Answer: the first two,
In simple words: This correction changes 'the two first' to 'the first two', following the correct order of quantifiers and ordinals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When combining ordinal numbers (first, second) and cardinal numbers (two, three), the ordinal number usually precedes the cardinal number (e.g., 'the first three chapters').

Question 16. a
Answer: the,
In simple words: This correction changes 'a' to 'the', indicating that a definite article is required to refer to a specific or previously mentioned item.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the definite article 'the' when referring to a specific noun known to the listener/reader, or a unique item. Use 'a/an' for indefinite or general nouns.

Question 17. any
Answer: any other,
In simple words: This correction expands 'any' to 'any other', used to compare something to other items within the same category without including itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing a single item to all other items in its group, use 'any other' to exclude the item itself from the group of comparison, preventing an illogical self-comparison.

Question 18. more
Answer: the most,
In simple words: This correction changes the comparative 'more' to the superlative 'the most', implying a comparison among three or more items to identify the supreme one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'more' for comparisons between two items and 'the most' for comparisons among three or more items. Ensure the correct degree of comparison is used.

Question 19. little
Answer: the little,
In simple words: This correction changes 'little' to 'the little', indicating 'not much, but all there is'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Little' (without 'a') means hardly any. 'A little' means some, a small amount. 'The little' means a small amount, but all of it. Choose based on the exact quantity and implication.

Question 20. whole
Answer: the whole.
In simple words: This correction adds 'the' before 'whole', as 'whole' is usually preceded by a definite article or a possessive pronoun.

🎯 Exam Tip: The word 'whole' typically requires an article ('the whole') or a possessive adjective ('my whole life') before it, rather than standing alone as an adjective.

English Grammar Class 12 Up Board Exercise 7

Question 1. some
Answer: any,
In simple words: This correction changes 'some' to 'any', typically used in negative statements or questions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'some' in affirmative sentences and 'any' in negative sentences or questions, or when 'any' means 'it doesn't matter which one'.

Question 2. only
Answer: only for few days,
In simple words: This correction expands 'only' to 'only for few days', clarifying the duration or limitation of time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with expressions of time. 'Only' can modify different parts of a sentence, so ensure it clearly refers to the intended element, such as a specific duration like 'for a few days'.

Question 3. older
Answer: elder,
In simple words: This correction changes 'older' to 'elder', specifically used for comparing age among family members.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'elder/eldest' for comparisons within the same family (e.g., 'my elder brother'). Use 'older/oldest' for comparisons of age in general or for things.

Question 4. than
Answer: to,
In simple words: This correction changes 'than' to 'to', which is the correct preposition after certain comparative adjectives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'to' after adjectives ending in '-ior' (e.g., 'superior to', 'junior to') when making comparisons.

Question 5. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: elder is correct,
In simple words: This statement indicates that the use of 'elder' is already grammatically correct in the context, likely referring to an older family member.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be confident in recognizing correct usage. 'Elder' is appropriate for comparing age within a family, contrasting with 'older' for general age comparison.

Question 6. all the
Answer: all other,
In simple words: This correction changes 'all the' to 'all other', implying a comparison where one item is distinct from the rest of its group.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'all other' when comparing a particular item to every other item in a group, ensuring the item being compared is excluded from the comparison set.

Question 7. The easiest
Answer: easier,
In simple words: This correction changes the superlative 'The easiest' to the comparative 'easier', suggesting a comparison between two things, not the utmost ease among many.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the comparative degree (-er, more) for comparing two items and the superlative degree (-est, most) for comparing three or more. Ensure the correct degree is used for the comparison context.

Question 8. any
Answer: some,
In simple words: This correction changes 'any' to 'some', indicating a switch from a negative or interrogative context to an affirmative one where quantity is implied.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'some' in affirmative statements and 'any' in negative statements and questions. However, 'some' can be used in questions when offering something or expecting a 'yes' answer.

Question 9. little
Answer: a little,
In simple words: This correction adds 'a' to 'little', changing its meaning from 'hardly any' to 'some, a small amount'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Little' (without 'a') has a negative meaning ('hardly any'). 'A little' has a positive meaning ('some'). Choose the correct one based on whether you mean 'not much' or 'a small amount'.

Question 10. outermost
Answer: outer.
In simple words: This correction changes 'outermost' to 'outer', distinguishing between the most extreme point and a general external position.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Outer' refers to a position on the outside. 'Outermost' refers to the absolute furthest point or layer. Select the term that best describes the degree of externality.

English Grammar Book For Class 12 Up Board Exercise 8

Question 1. will again
Answer: again
In simple words: This correction removes 'will', indicating that 'again' might be used with a simple present or past tense, or that 'will' was redundant or misused.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure verb tenses and auxiliary verbs are used correctly. Sometimes, adding or removing an auxiliary verb can significantly change the meaning or correct an error.

Question 2. were
Answer: was,
In simple words: This correction changes 'were' to 'was', ensuring subject-verb agreement with a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always match the verb (was/were) with the number of the subject. Singular subjects take 'was', plural subjects take 'were'.

Question 3. are
Answer: is,
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'is', adjusting the verb to agree with a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Subject-verb agreement is fundamental; a singular subject requires a singular verb, and a plural subject requires a plural verb.

Question 4. are
Answer: is,
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'is', ensuring subject-verb agreement with a singular noun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully identify the subject of the sentence, especially with collective nouns or phrases, to ensure the verb form matches its singularity or plurality.

Question 5. has written
Answer: wrote,
In simple words: This correction changes 'has written' (present perfect) to 'wrote' (simple past), implying a specific past action completed at a definite time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple past tense for actions completed at a specific time in the past. Use the present perfect tense for actions that started in the past and continue to the present, or whose exact time is not specified.

Question 6. If you will run
Answer: If you run,
In simple words: This correction removes 'will' from the 'if' clause, adhering to the rule that conditional clauses (Type 1) use the simple present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: In conditional sentences (Type 1), the 'if' clause should use the simple present tense, not the future tense ('will' or 'shall'). The main clause uses the future tense.

Question 7. is reading
Answer: has been reading,
In simple words: This correction changes 'is reading' (present continuous) to 'has been reading' (present perfect continuous), indicating an action that started in the past and is still ongoing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present perfect continuous tense to describe an action that began in the past, continues into the present, and is likely to continue. The present continuous describes an action happening right now.

Question 8. has
Answer: have,
In simple words: This correction changes 'has' to 'have', ensuring subject-verb agreement with a plural subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 'has' is for singular subjects (he, she, it) and 'have' is for plural subjects (we, they, you) and 'I'.

Question 9. has
Answer: have,
In simple words: This correction changes 'has' to 'have', ensuring the verb agrees with a plural subject or with the pronoun 'you' or 'I'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure subject-verb agreement for 'has'/'have'; use 'have' with plural subjects and 'has' with singular ones, excluding 'I' and 'you' which take 'have'.

Question 10. has
Answer: have,
In simple words: This correction changes 'has' to 'have', necessary for subject-verb agreement when the subject is plural or 'I'/'you'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay careful attention to the subject to determine if 'has' (singular) or 'have' (plural, or 'I'/'you') is the correct verb form.

Question 11. are
Answer: is,
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'is', adjusting the verb to agree with a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the singular subject of the sentence to correctly apply the singular form of the verb 'to be', which is 'is'.

Question 12. shall = should, tomorrow = the next day
Answer: should, tomorrow = the next day,
In simple words: This correction changes 'shall' to 'should' for modal verb usage, and 'tomorrow' to 'the next day' for indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: In reported speech, 'shall' often changes to 'should', and time expressions like 'tomorrow' change to 'the next day' or 'the following day'.

Question 13. was
Answer: is
In simple words: This correction changes 'was' to 'is', indicating that a present tense verb is required, perhaps for a general truth or current state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple present tense for universal truths, habitual actions, or facts that are always true. Ensure the verb tense aligns with the context.

Question 14. am
Answer: have been
In simple words: This correction changes 'am' (present simple) to 'have been' (present perfect), indicating an action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Have been' is typically used with 'since' or 'for' to denote duration, highlighting an ongoing state or action from the past until now, unlike 'am' which denotes a current state.

Question 15. have been
Answer: are,
In simple words: This correction changes 'have been' (present perfect) to 'are' (present simple), implying a current state or fact rather than a continuous duration from the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose between 'have been' and 'are' based on whether you want to express a state that started in the past and continues (have been) or a current, simple fact (are).

Question 16. have
Answer: has,
In simple words: This correction changes 'have' to 'has', ensuring the verb agrees with a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check subject-verb agreement: 'has' is for singular subjects, while 'have' is for plural subjects, and also for 'I' and 'you'.

Question 17. did
Answer: had done,
In simple words: This correction changes 'did' (simple past) to 'had done' (past perfect), indicating an action completed before another past action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the past perfect ('had done') for an action that occurred and was completed before another event in the past. The simple past ('did') refers to a single event in the past.

Question 18. did he fail
Answer: he failed,
In simple words: This correction changes the interrogative structure 'did he fail' to the affirmative 'he failed', assuming a statement of fact is intended.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting from direct to indirect speech, or clarifying a statement, ensure the sentence structure is affirmative (subject + verb) rather than interrogative (auxiliary + subject + verb).

Question 19. have = has, their = his
Answer: has, their = his,
In simple words: This correction changes 'have' to 'has' for singular subject-verb agreement and 'their' to 'his' for singular masculine possessive agreement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always ensure subject-verb agreement ('has' for singular, 'have' for plural) and pronoun-antecedent agreement ('his' for singular male, 'their' for plural).

Question 20. are
Answer: is.
In simple words: This correction changes 'are' to 'is', ensuring subject-verb agreement with a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: A fundamental rule of grammar is that a singular subject always takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

Grammar Class 12 Up Board Exercise 9

Question 1. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: Who went with you to the movie ?
In simple words: This sentence is already correctly formed as an interrogative sentence using 'who' as the subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to punctuation, especially question marks for interrogative sentences. Ensure subject-verb agreement is maintained even in questions.

Question 2. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: I don't know where all the money has gone.
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, using the correct tense and word order for an indirect question.

🎯 Exam Tip: In indirect questions, the word order is typically subject + verb, not verb + subject (e.g., 'where all the money has gone' not 'where has all the money gone').

Question 3. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: What does all this lecture mean?
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, forming a proper interrogative question with 'what' and auxiliary 'does'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When forming 'wh-' questions in the simple present tense, use 'do' or 'does' as an auxiliary verb, unless 'what' or 'who' is the subject of the sentence.

Question 4. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: When was your work completed ?
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, using the correct tense and word order for a passive voice interrogative sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: In passive voice questions, the structure is usually 'Wh-word + auxiliary verb (be) + subject + past participle'. Ensure the tense of 'be' matches the context.

Question 5. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: Why do you not take the matter seriously.?
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct as a question, using 'do' as the auxiliary verb for negation in an interrogative structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: When forming negative questions in the simple present tense, 'do/does' is placed before the subject, and 'not' is placed after the subject or contracted before the subject (e.g., 'Why don't you...').

Question 6. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: How much does this book cost in the market ?
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, using 'how much' for uncountable nouns/price and 'does' for a singular subject.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'how much' for uncountable nouns (e.g., 'how much money') and for asking about price. Use 'how many' for countable nouns (e.g., 'how many books').

Question 7. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: The teacher asked me what languages I knew.
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, demonstrating the proper structure for an indirect question.

🎯 Exam Tip: In indirect questions, the subject-verb order is restored (e.g., 'what languages I knew' instead of 'what languages did I know') and question marks are removed.

Question 8. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: I want to learn how to speak English.
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, using the infinitive form 'to learn' and the 'how to' structure for skill acquisition.

🎯 Exam Tip: The construction 'how to + verb' is correctly used to indicate learning a skill or method (e.g., 'how to swim', 'how to cook').

Question 9. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: Which question will you answer first?
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct as an interrogative sentence, properly using 'which' for selection.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'which' when choosing from a limited or known set of options. Use 'what' when the choices are unknown or unlimited.

Question 10. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: I can't understand why Sudhir failed in Hindi.
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, demonstrating the proper structure for an indirect question following a main clause.

🎯 Exam Tip: In complex sentences containing an indirect question, ensure the verb tense in the indirect clause follows the rules of sequence of tenses if the main verb is in the past.

Syntax Exercise With Answer Exercise 10

Question 1. is containing
Answer: contains,
In simple words: This correction changes 'is containing' (present continuous) to 'contains' (simple present), as 'contain' is a stative verb not typically used in continuous tenses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stative verbs (e.g., contain, know, believe, love, hate, own, seem) describe states rather than actions and are generally not used in continuous tenses.

Question 2. read
Answer: are reading,
In simple words: This correction changes 'read' to 'are reading', shifting from simple present to present continuous, implying an action happening at the moment of speaking.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present continuous tense to describe actions happening right now or temporary actions. The simple present describes habitual actions or facts.

Question 3. am never missing
Answer: never miss,
In simple words: This correction changes 'am never missing' (present continuous with frequency adverb) to 'never miss' (simple present), correctly expressing a habitual or general truth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Frequency adverbs like 'never', 'always', 'often', 'sometimes' are typically used with the simple present tense to describe habitual actions, not continuous tenses.

Question 4. are needing
Answer: need.
In simple words: This correction changes 'are needing' (present continuous) to 'need' (simple present), as 'need' is a stative verb and usually not used in continuous forms.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Need' is a stative verb expressing a state or requirement, and therefore, it is generally used in the simple present tense, not the continuous tense.

Question 5. knocks
Answer: is knocking,
In simple words: This correction changes 'knocks' (simple present) to 'is knocking' (present continuous), indicating an action happening at the current moment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present continuous tense for actions that are in progress at the time of speaking. The simple present is used for habitual actions or general truths.

Question 6. is usually getting
Answer: usually gets,
In simple words: This correction changes 'is usually getting' to 'usually gets', using the simple present tense with the adverb of frequency 'usually'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs of frequency (like usually, often, always, never) are typically used with the simple present tense to describe habits or routines, not continuous tenses.

Question 7. are usually watching
Answer: usually watch,
In simple words: This correction changes 'are usually watching' to 'usually watch', employing the simple present tense with the adverb of frequency 'usually' for habitual actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: For actions that happen regularly or habitually, the simple present tense combined with adverbs of frequency is the correct grammatical choice.

Question 8. make
Answer: are making,
In simple words: This correction changes 'make' (simple present) to 'are making' (present continuous), indicating an ongoing action happening now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the simple present for habitual actions or facts, and the present continuous for actions occurring at the moment of speech or for temporary situations.

Question 9. is owning
Answer: owns,
In simple words: This correction changes 'is owning' (present continuous) to 'owns' (simple present), as 'own' is a stative verb and not typically used in continuous tenses.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Own' is a stative verb indicating possession and should be used in the simple present tense, not continuous tenses, to describe ownership.

Question 10. am hearing
Answer: hear,
In simple words: This correction changes 'am hearing' (present continuous) to 'hear' (simple present), as 'hear' is a stative verb relating to senses and is not usually used in continuous forms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stative verbs related to senses (hear, see, smell, taste, feel) are generally used in the simple present tense, not continuous, when referring to the act of perception.

Question 11. learns
Answer: is learning,
In simple words: This correction changes 'learns' (simple present) to 'is learning' (present continuous), indicating an action currently in progress or a temporary process.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present continuous tense to emphasize an action that is ongoing or happening at the moment, contrasting with the simple present for habits or general truths.

Question 12. am liking
Answer: like.
In simple words: This correction changes 'am liking' (present continuous) to 'like' (simple present), as 'like' is a stative verb expressing preference and not used in continuous forms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs of feeling, emotion, or preference (like, love, hate, want, prefer) are typically stative verbs and are used in the simple present tense, not continuous forms.

Up Board 12th English Grammar Book Exercise 11

Question 1. has returned
Answer: returned
In simple words: This correction changes 'has returned' (present perfect) to 'returned' (simple past), implying a specific past action completed at a definite time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple past tense for actions completed at a specific past time. The present perfect connects a past action to the present, or for actions where the time is indefinite.

Question 2. has sunk
Answer: sank
In simple words: This correction changes 'has sunk' (present perfect) to 'sank' (simple past), indicating a specific past action, often implying a definite time.

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple past tense ('sank') is used for actions completed at a definite past time. The present perfect ('has sunk') refers to an action completed recently or whose exact time is not important.

Question 3. finished
Answer: finish
In simple words: This correction changes 'finished' (past tense or past participle) to 'finish' (base form), likely to correct a tense or form error.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the correct verb form (base, past, past participle) is used depending on the tense, auxiliary verb, and context of the sentence.

Question 4. just spoke
Answer: have just spoken
In simple words: This correction changes 'just spoke' (simple past) to 'have just spoken' (present perfect), indicating a recently completed action with present relevance.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Just' is often used with the present perfect to indicate an action completed a very short time ago, emphasizing its immediate relevance.

Question 5. completed
Answer: have completed
In simple words: This correction changes 'completed' (simple past) to 'have completed' (present perfect), signifying an action finished at an unspecified time in the past but relevant now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present perfect when an action happened in the past, but the exact time is not important or the effect continues into the present. The simple past is for definite past times.

Question 6. have passed
Answer: passed
In simple words: This correction changes 'have passed' (present perfect) to 'passed' (simple past), implying a specific past event completed at a definite time.

🎯 Exam Tip: If a specific time marker (e.g., 'yesterday', 'last year') is present or implied, the simple past tense is generally preferred over the present perfect.

Question 7. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: He has already paid his income tax
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, using the present perfect tense with 'already' to indicate a completed action before now.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Already' is frequently used with the present perfect tense to emphasize that something has happened sooner than expected or before a specific point.

Question 8. hasn't mentioned
Answer: did not mention
In simple words: This correction changes 'hasn't mentioned' (present perfect negative) to 'did not mention' (simple past negative), implying a definite past action that was not performed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'did not + base verb' for negative statements in the simple past tense, especially when a specific past time is indicated or implied.

Question 9. have met
Answer: met
In simple words: This correction changes 'have met' (present perfect) to 'met' (simple past), indicating a specific past encounter.

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple past tense describes completed actions at a definite time in the past, while the present perfect describes actions that occurred at an indefinite time in the past or continue to the present.

Question 10. have known
Answer: know.
In simple words: This correction changes 'have known' (present perfect) to 'know' (simple present), as 'know' is a stative verb often used in the simple present to express current knowledge.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stative verbs, which describe states rather than actions (like 'know', 'believe', 'understand'), are typically used in the simple present tense to express a continuous state.

Up Board English Grammar Exercise 12

Question 1. has been not
Answer: has not been
In simple words: This correction changes the word order from 'has been not' to 'has not been', placing 'not' correctly after the auxiliary verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: In negative sentences with compound verbs, 'not' should typically be placed between the first auxiliary verb and the main verb or other auxiliary verbs (e.g., 'has not been', 'will not have seen').

Question 2. only wrote
Answer: wrote only
In simple words: This correction changes 'only wrote' to 'wrote only', positioning 'only' directly before the word it modifies, which is usually the part of the sentence being limited.

🎯 Exam Tip: The adverb 'only' should be placed as close as possible to the word or phrase it modifies to avoid ambiguity and ensure clarity in meaning.

Question 3. not to copy
Answer: to copy
In simple words: This correction removes 'not', implying that the original was a double negative or 'not' was used incorrectly with the infinitive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to double negatives, which make a sentence affirmative, or the incorrect use of 'not' with infinitives that should be positive.

Question 4. too
Answer: very
In simple words: This correction changes 'too' to 'very', distinguishing between excessive quantity ('too') and mere intensity ('very').

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'very' to intensify an adjective or adverb. Use 'too' (meaning 'excessively') when expressing a negative consequence or implying something is more than desirable.

Question 5. too very
Answer: very
In simple words: This correction removes the redundant 'too' from 'too very', as 'very' already expresses intensity and 'too' would imply excessive intensity unnecessarily.

🎯 Exam Tip: Avoid redundant intensifiers. 'Too very' is grammatically incorrect; use either 'very' or 'too' based on whether you want to express high intensity or excessive degree.

Question 6. enough low
Answer: low enough
In simple words: This correction changes 'enough low' to 'low enough', placing 'enough' correctly after the adjective it modifies.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'enough' modifies an adjective or adverb, it comes *after* it (e.g., 'tall enough', 'fast enough'). When it modifies a noun, it comes *before* it (e.g., 'enough money').

Question 7. too
Answer: very
In simple words: This correction changes 'too' to 'very', indicating that simple intensity is intended, not an excessive degree with negative implications.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'too' implies an excess beyond what is desirable, often followed by 'to' + infinitive (e.g., 'too hot to touch'). 'Very' simply expresses a high degree.

Question 8. too
Answer: extremely
In simple words: This correction changes 'too' to 'extremely', substituting an intensifier for one that might imply a negative excess.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Extremely' is a strong intensifier without the negative connotation often associated with 'too'. Choose the adverb that accurately reflects the degree of intensity.

Question 9. chiefly wrote = wrote = wrote chiefly
Answer: wrote = wrote chiefly
In simple words: This correction implies that 'chiefly wrote' should be 'wrote chiefly', placing the adverb 'chiefly' correctly after the verb it modifies for better flow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs often come after the verb they modify, especially adverbs of manner, or before if they modify the entire sentence for emphasis.

Question 10. than
Answer: but
In simple words: This correction changes 'than' to 'but', indicating a contrast or exception rather than a comparison.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Than' is used for comparisons. 'But' is a coordinating conjunction used to introduce a contrast or exception. Choose the connector that accurately reflects the relationship between clauses.

Question 11. have taught
Answer: have not taught
In simple words: This correction adds 'not' to 'have taught', converting it into a negative present perfect statement.

🎯 Exam Tip: To form negative sentences in the present perfect, insert 'not' between 'have/has' and the past participle (e.g., 'I have not seen', 'She has not finished').

Question 12. comes late often
Answer: often comes late
In simple words: This correction changes 'comes late often' to 'often comes late', placing the adverb of frequency 'often' before the main verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs of frequency (e.g., often, always, usually, never) generally come before the main verb, but after the verb 'to be' or auxiliary verbs.

Question 13. golden always
Answer: always golden
In simple words: This correction changes 'golden always' to 'always golden', placing the adverb 'always' before the adjective 'golden' it modifies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs that modify adjectives usually come before the adjective (e.g., 'very happy', 'always careful').

Question 14. easily walks
Answer: walks easily
In simple words: This correction changes 'easily walks' to 'walks easily', placing the adverb 'easily' after the verb it modifies, which is common for adverbs of manner.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs of manner (describing *how* an action is done) typically come after the main verb or after the object if there is one.

Question 15. too
Answer: extremely
In simple words: This correction changes 'too' to 'extremely', using an intensifier that conveys high degree without the negative connotation of excess.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Too' implies a negative sense of excess ('too much'). 'Extremely' simply means 'to a very great degree' without a negative implication.

Question 16. fainted
Answer: almost fainted
In simple words: This correction adds 'almost' to 'fainted', modifying the verb to indicate that the action nearly happened but not quite.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs like 'almost' (meaning 'nearly') are used to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, specifying the degree or extent of the action or quality.

Question 17. earnestly को end में लिखे
Answer: earnestly को end में लिखे
In simple words: This is an instruction in Hindi, asking to write 'earnestly' at the end of the sentence. It's a meta-instruction for placing an adverb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs of manner (like 'earnestly') can often be placed at the end of a sentence for emphasis or natural flow, especially when modifying the verb.

Question 18. no any'
Answer: no
In simple words: This correction changes 'no any'' to 'no', as 'no' itself implies negation and 'any' would be redundant or incorrect in combination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Avoid double negatives in standard English. 'No' is sufficient to express negation and generally shouldn't be combined with 'any' for the same purpose.

Question 19. Firstly
Answer: first
In simple words: This correction changes 'Firstly' to 'first', as 'first' can function as an adverb meaning 'initially' or 'before anything else' and is often preferred.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both 'first' and 'firstly' can be used as adverbs, but 'first' is generally more common and preferred, especially when starting a list of points.

Question 20. than
Answer: but.
In simple words: This correction changes 'than' to 'but', implying a contrast or exception rather than a comparison.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Than' is strictly for comparisons. 'But' is a coordinating conjunction used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or adds something to the preceding statement.

Syntax Chapter English Grammar Exercise 13

Question 1. on a violin
Answer: the violin,
In simple words: This correction changes 'on a violin' to 'the violin', using the definite article 'the' which is typically used when referring to musical instruments.

🎯 Exam Tip: When referring to playing a musical instrument, use the definite article 'the' before the instrument's name (e.g., 'play the piano', 'learn the guitar').

Question 2. Earth
Answer: The earth,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Earth', as 'the Earth' (or 'Earth') usually refers to our specific planet.

🎯 Exam Tip: When referring to the planet Earth, it is usually preceded by the definite article 'the' (e.g., 'the Earth orbits the Sun'), although 'Earth' without 'the' is also common in scientific contexts.

Question 3. a
Answer: an,
In simple words: This correction changes 'a' to 'an', using the indefinite article 'an' before a word that starts with a vowel sound.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'an' before words that begin with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u) regardless of spelling (e.g., 'an hour'). Use 'a' before words that begin with a consonant sound.

Question 4. Darkest
Answer: The darkest,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Darkest', as superlatives typically require 'the'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Superlative adjectives (ending in '-est' or preceded by 'most') are almost always preceded by the definite article 'the' (e.g., 'the tallest', 'the most beautiful').

Question 5. a
Answer: an,
In simple words: This correction changes 'a' to 'an', using the indefinite article 'an' before a word starting with a vowel sound.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose 'a' or 'an' based on the *sound* of the first letter of the following word, not necessarily the spelling. 'An' precedes vowel sounds; 'a' precedes consonant sounds.

Question 6. is
Answer: is a,
In simple words: This correction adds 'a' after 'is', indicating that an indefinite article is needed, typically before a singular countable noun describing a profession or category.

🎯 Exam Tip: When stating someone's profession, role, or category with a singular countable noun, use an indefinite article ('a' or 'an') after the verb 'to be' (e.g., 'He is a doctor', 'She is an artist').

Question 7. The both
Answer: Both the
In simple words: This correction changes 'The both' to 'Both the', placing 'both' before the definite article 'the' when referring to two specific items.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'both' refers to two specific items, it typically precedes the definite article 'the' or a possessive adjective (e.g., 'both the children', 'both my parents').

Question 8. The gold
Answer: Gold,
In simple words: This correction removes the definite article 'The' from 'The gold', as 'gold' is an uncountable noun and usually doesn't take 'the' when speaking generally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Uncountable nouns (e.g., gold, water, information) do not usually take an article when spoken about in general terms. Use 'the' only if referring to a specific quantity or instance.

Question 9. Kalidas
Answer: The Kalidas,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Kalidas', likely to specify 'Kalidas' as a renowned literary figure or to introduce a unique context.

🎯 Exam Tip: While proper nouns usually don't take articles, 'the' can be used to refer to a specific, unique instance or a well-known figure, particularly when qualifying them (e.g., 'the Shakespeare of India').

Question 10. Ganges
Answer: The Ganges,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Ganges', as proper nouns referring to rivers always take 'the'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the definite article 'the' before the names of rivers, seas, oceans, mountain ranges, and groups of islands (e.g., 'the Amazon', 'the Pacific Ocean', 'the Himalayas').

Question 11. The man
Answer: Man
In simple words: This correction removes the definite article 'The' from 'The man', suggesting that 'man' is being used in a general or abstract sense (mankind) rather than referring to a specific male individual.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'man' refers to humanity or mankind in general, it is used without an article. When it refers to a specific male person, 'a man' or 'the man' is used.

Question 12. an
Answer: a
In simple words: This correction changes 'an' to 'a', using the indefinite article 'a' before a word that starts with a consonant sound.

🎯 Exam Tip: The choice between 'a' and 'an' depends on the *sound* of the first letter of the following word. 'A' is used before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds.

Question 13. White cat
Answer: a white cat,
In simple words: This correction adds the indefinite article 'a' before 'white cat', as 'cat' is a singular countable noun that requires an article.

🎯 Exam Tip: Singular countable nouns must always be preceded by an article (a, an, or the) or a possessive/demonstrative adjective (my, this, that).

Question 14. The carriage
Answer: carriage,
In simple words: This correction removes the definite article 'The' from 'The carriage', implying that 'carriage' is being used in a general sense or the specific context does not warrant 'the'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Determine if a noun is specific (use 'the') or general (use 'a/an' or no article for plurals/uncountables) to correctly apply articles.

Question 15. a beautiful
Answer: beautiful.
In simple words: This correction removes the indefinite article 'a' from 'a beautiful', likely because 'beautiful' is an adjective and not directly preceding a noun that requires an article.

🎯 Exam Tip: Articles ('a', 'an', 'the') modify nouns. If an adjective stands alone without a noun following it, an article is not needed. Ensure articles are correctly placed before nouns, not isolated adjectives.

Class 12 Up Board English Grammar Exercise 14

Question 1. Moon
Answer: The moon,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Moon', as 'the Moon' refers to Earth's unique natural satellite.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the definite article 'the' before unique celestial bodies like 'the Moon', 'the Sun', 'the Earth', except when referring to them as proper nouns in a scientific context (e.g., 'Mars orbits the Sun').

Question 2. map
Answer: a map,
In simple words: This correction adds the indefinite article 'a' before 'map', as 'map' is a singular countable noun.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that singular countable nouns in English almost always require an article (a, an, the) or a possessive/demonstrative adjective before them.

Question 3. Peacock
Answer: The peacock,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Peacock', as 'the peacock' often refers to the species in general or a specific one.

🎯 Exam Tip: When referring to an animal species as a whole, it's common to use the definite article 'the' with the singular noun (e.g., 'the tiger is a majestic animal').

Question 4. best = the best, is sold = are sold
Answer: the best, is sold = are sold,
In simple words: This correction adds 'the' before 'best' for the superlative form and changes 'is sold' to 'are sold' for plural subject-verb agreement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use 'the' with superlative adjectives. Ensure the verb in passive voice agrees with the number of its subject (e.g., 'Books are sold', not 'Book is sold').

Question 5. easy
Answer: an easy,
In simple words: This correction adds the indefinite article 'an' before 'easy', implying 'an easy thing' or 'an easy task', where 'easy' acts as an adjective modifying an implied noun.

🎯 Exam Tip: If 'easy' is used as an adjective modifying an implied singular countable noun, it needs an indefinite article. The choice between 'a' and 'an' depends on the starting sound of the adjective.

Question 6. in
Answer: of,
In simple words: This correction changes 'in' to 'of', using the correct preposition to express a relationship or belonging.

🎯 Exam Tip: Preposition usage can be tricky; specific verbs and nouns often pair with specific prepositions. 'Of' is frequently used to show possession, belonging, or a part of a whole.

Question 7. such a
Answer: so,
In simple words: This correction changes 'such a' to 'so', used to modify an adjective or adverb, rather than a noun phrase.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'so' with adjectives or adverbs (e.g., 'so fast', 'so beautiful'). Use 'such a/an' with a singular countable noun phrase (e.g., 'such a beautiful day').

Question 8. at early
Answer: at an early,
In simple words: This correction changes 'at early' to 'at an early', adding the indefinite article 'an' before 'early' when it modifies an implied noun in a phrase.

🎯 Exam Tip: If 'early' acts as an adjective describing a singular countable noun (e.g., 'at an early age'), it requires an indefinite article. If 'early' is an adverb (e.g., 'wake up early'), no article is needed.

Question 9. The last
Answer: Last,
In simple words: This correction removes the definite article 'The' from 'The last', possibly because 'last' is used as an adverb or referring to a general indefinite last instance.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Last' can be an adjective (e.g., 'the last train'), an adverb (e.g., 'When did you last see him?'), or a noun. The choice of article depends on its function and specificity.

Question 10. scholar
Answer: a scholar,
In simple words: This correction adds the indefinite article 'a' before 'scholar', as 'scholar' is a singular countable noun representing a profession or role.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use an indefinite article ('a' or 'an') before a singular countable noun when describing someone's profession, identity, or group membership.

Question 11. a valuable
Answer: valuable.
In simple words: This correction removes the indefinite article 'a' from 'a valuable', as 'valuable' is an adjective and not followed by a noun that requires an article.

🎯 Exam Tip: Articles ('a', 'an', 'the') always precede nouns or noun phrases. They do not stand alone before an adjective unless a noun is clearly implied (e.g., 'the poor').

Up Board English Grammar Solution Exercise 15

Question 1. does not come
Answer: comes
In simple words: This correction changes 'does not come' to 'comes', transforming a negative statement into a positive one and removing the auxiliary verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: When correcting, consider the intended meaning. A simple affirmative statement uses the main verb in the appropriate tense without 'do/does' unless for emphasis.

Question 2. then
Answer: there,
In simple words: This correction changes 'then' to 'there', distinguishing between time ('then') and place ('there').

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to homophones or words with similar spellings but different meanings like 'then' (time, sequence) and 'there' (place, existence).

Question 3. then
Answer: at that time,
In simple words: This correction changes 'then' to 'at that time', specifying a particular point in the past rather than a general sequence.

🎯 Exam Tip: While 'then' can mean 'at that time', using 'at that time' can provide more clarity and emphasis on a specific moment in the past, especially in formal writing.

Question 4. then
Answer: when
In simple words: This correction changes 'then' to 'when', using 'when' to introduce a temporal clause, linking events in time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'when' to introduce a clause that specifies the time of an action. 'Then' typically indicates a sequence of events or consequence.

Question 5. but
Answer: yet,
In simple words: This correction changes 'but' to 'yet', implying a stronger sense of contrast or surprise, often used to introduce something unexpected.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both 'but' and 'yet' indicate contrast, but 'yet' often conveys an element of surprise or something that is true despite something else. 'Yet' can also be an adverb of time.

Question 6. or
Answer: nor,
In simple words: This correction changes 'or' to 'nor', used in conjunction with 'neither' or after a negative statement to introduce an additional negative option.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Nor' is used with 'neither' (neither...nor) or after a negative clause (e.g., 'He didn't come, nor did he call') to introduce another negative possibility.

Question 7. do not request
Answer: request,
In simple words: This correction changes 'do not request' to 'request', converting a negative command or statement into an affirmative one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always consider the desired tone and meaning. An affirmative simple present verb expresses a request or statement directly, without negation.

Question 8. then
Answer: when,
In simple words: This correction changes 'then' to 'when', using the correct conjunction to introduce a time-based dependent clause.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'When' is typically used to introduce clauses that specify a time, whereas 'then' often indicates a sequence of events or a consequence.

Question 9. only I was not fined but punished also
Answer: I was not only fined but also punished.
In simple words: This correction reorganizes the sentence to correctly use the correlative conjunction 'not only...but also' to express two related actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correlative conjunctions like 'not only...but also', 'either...or', 'neither...nor' must be placed before similar grammatical structures (e.g., both before verbs, or both before nouns).

Question 10. Lions are both found in Asia and in Africa
Answer: Lions are found in both Asia and Africa.
In simple words: This correction repositions 'both' to correctly precede the two geographical locations, ensuring parallel structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using 'both', ensure it immediately precedes the two elements being joined to maintain parallelism and clarity in sentence structure.

Question 11. then
Answer: when,
In simple words: This correction changes 'then' to 'when', to correctly introduce a clause specifying a point in time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'when' as a conjunction to introduce a subordinate clause indicating time, whereas 'then' serves as an adverb indicating consequence or sequence.

Question 12. but
Answer: but also,
In simple words: This correction adds 'also' to 'but', forming the correlative conjunction 'but also' which is commonly paired with 'not only'.

🎯 Exam Tip: The conjunction 'not only' is almost always followed by 'but also' to form a complete and balanced correlative structure, emphasizing two related points.

Question 13. Both teachers as well as students
Answer: Teachers as well students both
In simple words: This correction streamlines the phrase by removing the initial 'Both' and adding 'both' at the end to encompass both groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: While 'as well as' can connect two nouns, placing 'both' at the end or before the paired items ensures clarity and often better flow. Avoid redundancy like 'Both...as well as...'.

Question 14. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: Your are either a fool or a wicked.
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically incorrect due to 'Your' instead of 'You' and 'a wicked' instead of 'wicked person'. Assuming the intention was for the given text to be the corrected version, it has issues, but I must render verbatim. The ideal corrected sentence would be 'You are either a fool or wicked.' or 'You are either a fool or a wicked person.'

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use the subject pronoun 'You' when it is the subject of a sentence. Ensure parallelism with correlative conjunctions like 'either...or'; if one item is a noun, the other should also be a noun (or adjective if parallel).

Question 15. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: My friend will give me either a book or some money.
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct, using 'either...or' to present two alternative objects being given.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'either...or' to connect two alternative options, ensuring the grammatical structure following 'either' is parallel to that following 'or'.

Class 12 English Grammar Up Board Exercise 16

Question 1. at
Answer: to,
In simple words: This correction changes the preposition 'at' to 'to', as 'to' is required in contexts of movement towards a destination or relationship.

🎯 Exam Tip: Prepositions are context-dependent. 'At' indicates a specific location or time, while 'to' indicates direction, purpose, or connection.

Question 2. in
Answer: for,
In simple words: This correction changes the preposition 'in' to 'for', used to indicate purpose, duration, or reason.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'In' usually refers to a location or a period of time. 'For' specifies purpose, duration, or a beneficiary. Choose the preposition that best fits the intended meaning.

Question 3. on
Answer: at,
In simple words: This correction changes the preposition 'on' to 'at', typically used for specific points in time or location.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'at' for precise times (e.g., 'at 3 o'clock'), specific locations (e.g., 'at the bus stop'), or events ('at a party'). 'On' is for days and dates ('on Monday', 'on May 5th') or surfaces.

Question 4. behind
Answer: after,
In simple words: This correction changes 'behind' to 'after', distinguishing between spatial position ('behind') and temporal sequence ('after').

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Behind' refers to position or location. 'After' refers to sequence in time or order. Ensure your choice of preposition accurately conveys the intended relationship.

Question 5. with
Answer: beside,
In simple words: This correction changes 'with' to 'beside', differentiating between accompaniment ('with') and physical proximity ('beside').

🎯 Exam Tip: 'With' indicates accompaniment, possession, or means. 'Beside' means next to. Carefully select the preposition to avoid miscommunication.

Question 6. from Monday
Answer: since Monday,
In simple words: This correction changes 'from Monday' to 'since Monday', implying an action or state that began on Monday and has continued until now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'since' to refer to a starting point in time for an action that continues to the present (often with perfect tenses). 'From' indicates a starting point for an action that may or may not continue.

Question 7. on
Answer: upon,
In simple words: This correction changes 'on' to 'upon', a more formal or literary alternative for 'on', sometimes implying movement or immediate succession.

🎯 Exam Tip: While often interchangeable, 'upon' can sometimes carry a slightly more formal tone or imply 'immediately after' or 'on top of' in specific contexts.

Question 8. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: I go on Sunday to temple.
In simple words: This sentence is grammatically correct as is, describing a habitual action of going to temple on Sundays.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be sure to use the simple present tense for habitual actions. 'On Sunday' correctly indicates the day, and 'to temple' indicates the destination.

Question 9. with
Answer: to,
In simple words: This correction changes 'with' to 'to', indicating a direction or relationship, often associated with a verb like 'talk to' or 'go to'.

🎯 Exam Tip: The choice of preposition can dramatically alter meaning. 'With' implies accompaniment or use, while 'to' implies direction, destination, or recipient.

Question 10. in
Answer: on,
In simple words: This correction changes 'in' to 'on', which is the correct preposition for specific days or dates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'on' for days of the week ('on Monday'), dates ('on 25th December'), and specific holidays ('on Christmas Day'). Use 'in' for months, years, seasons, or longer periods.

Question 11. before = to, of = for
Answer: to, of = for,
In simple words: This correction changes 'before' to 'to' and 'of' to 'for', adjusting prepositions for correct relational meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Prepositions require precise selection based on the verb, noun, or adjective they accompany to convey accurate meaning and relationships.

Question 12. with
Answer: in.
In simple words: This correction changes 'with' to 'in', implying a change from accompaniment to location or manner.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'With' suggests companionship or an instrument used, while 'in' typically denotes enclosure, presence within, or a state. Choose based on the precise relationship intended.

Exercise 17

Question 1. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: of
In simple words: The word 'of' is a common preposition used to indicate possession, origin, or belonging.

🎯 Exam Tip: Prepositions like 'of' are crucial for showing relationships between words in a sentence; master their various uses to enhance grammatical accuracy.

Question 2. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: at
In simple words: The word 'at' is a common preposition used to indicate a specific location or time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'at' for specific points in space or time. This precision is vital for clear communication.

Question 3. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: between
In simple words: The word 'between' is a preposition used to refer to two distinct items or points.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'between' for two items and 'among' for three or more items. This distinction is fundamental for correct prepositional usage.

Question 4. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: till
In simple words: The word 'till' is a preposition or conjunction meaning 'up to the time that' or 'until'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Till' and 'until' are largely interchangeable in informal contexts, both denoting duration up to a specific point. Ensure the context correctly indicates a deadline or end point.

Question 5. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: at
In simple words: The word 'at' is a versatile preposition, used for precise locations, times, or states.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the nuances of 'at' in different contexts: 'at school' (place), 'at night' (time), 'at work' (state). Context is key for correct preposition selection.

Question 6. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: since
In simple words: The word 'since' is a preposition or conjunction used to specify the starting point of a period of time that continues to the present.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Since' is almost exclusively used with perfect tenses (e.g., present perfect, past perfect) to indicate the beginning of a duration, unlike 'for' which specifies the length of duration.

Question 7. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: into
In simple words: The word 'into' is a preposition indicating movement towards the inside of something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Into' implies movement or transformation (e.g., 'go into the room', 'turn into a frog'). 'In' describes a static position inside something.

Question 8. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: of
In simple words: The word 'of' is a versatile preposition used to express various relationships, including possession, composition, or origin.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Of' is a fundamental preposition; its correct use is vital for forming clear and grammatically sound phrases, such as 'the cause of the problem' or 'a piece of cake'.

Question 9. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: to
In simple words: The word 'to' is a common preposition used to indicate direction, purpose, or recipient.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'To' often follows verbs of motion or is used with infinitives to indicate purpose. Its correct application is essential for expressing direction and intent.

Question 10. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: to, for
In simple words: These are two prepositions, 'to' indicating direction or purpose, and 'for' indicating duration or beneficiary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Some sentences require multiple prepositions to accurately convey complex relationships. Analyze each part of the phrase to choose the correct preposition.

Question 11. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: with
In simple words: The word 'with' is a preposition used to express accompaniment, instrument, or manner.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'With' is key for showing who or what is accompanying an action, or what tool is being used. Its correct use clarifies relationships in sentences.

Question 12. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: with
In simple words: The word 'with' is a preposition used to denote accompaniment or an instrument.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the role of 'with' in indicating participation or the means by which an action is carried out. This ensures clarity in your writing.

Question 13. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: of
In simple words: The word 'of' is a very common preposition, crucial for expressing belonging, quantity, or relationship.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Of' is central to many English phrases. Master its use in different contexts (e.g., 'part of', 'cup of tea', 'fear of heights') for comprehensive grammar skills.

Question 14. Identify the correct preposition/word:
Answer: from, till.
In simple words: These are two prepositions used together to indicate a range of time or duration.

🎯 Exam Tip: The pair 'from...till' (or 'from...until') is commonly used to specify a starting and ending point for time or a sequence (e.g., 'from morning till night').

Exercise 18

Question 1. not to tell
Answer: not tell,
In simple words: This correction removes 'to' from 'not to tell', implying that 'not tell' is part of a different grammatical construction (e.g., a bare infinitive).

🎯 Exam Tip: Some verbs take a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') after them, especially after modal verbs or verbs like 'make', 'let', 'hear', 'see'.

Question 2. to weep
Answer: weep,
In simple words: This correction removes 'to' from 'to weep', making it a bare infinitive, often used after certain verbs or as part of a specific phrase.

🎯 Exam Tip: Certain verbs, particularly those related to senses (see, hear, feel) and causative verbs (make, let), are followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to').

Question 3. to invited
Answer: to be invited,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to invited' to 'to be invited', forming the correct passive infinitive structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: The passive infinitive is formed as 'to be + past participle'. Use it when the subject of the infinitive is the recipient of the action (e.g., 'He wants to be invited').

Question 4. to pass
Answer: to have passed,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to pass' (simple infinitive) to 'to have passed' (perfect infinitive), implying an action completed before a main verb in the sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the perfect infinitive ('to have + past participle') when the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the main verb (e.g., 'He claims to have seen the ghost').

Question 5. to break
Answer: to have broken,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to break' to 'to have broken', using the perfect infinitive to indicate an action completed prior to the time of the main verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: The perfect infinitive emphasizes that the action of the infinitive is completed at a point in time prior to the action expressed by the main verb in the sentence.

Question 6. ought obey
Answer: ought to obey,
In simple words: This correction adds 'to' after 'ought', as 'ought to' is a phrasal modal verb expressing obligation or desirability.

🎯 Exam Tip: The modal verb 'ought' is always followed by 'to' before the base form of another verb (e.g., 'You ought to study').

Question 7. to prosper and to progress
Answer: to prosper and progress,
In simple words: This correction removes the redundant 'to' before 'progress' when two infinitives are joined by 'and' and share the same 'to'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When two or more infinitives are joined by 'and' or 'or' and refer to the same subject, 'to' is usually omitted before the second and subsequent infinitives for conciseness.

Question 8. to sleep
Answer: sleep,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to sleep' to 'sleep', indicating that a bare infinitive is required in this context, possibly after a causative verb like 'let' or 'make'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use bare infinitives after certain verbs (e.g., 'let me go', 'make him laugh') and after modal verbs (e.g., 'can sleep', 'should eat').

Question 9. to see
Answer: to have seen,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to see' to 'to have seen', employing the perfect infinitive to indicate that the act of seeing occurred before another action.

🎯 Exam Tip: The perfect infinitive is used to express an action that was completed before the time of the main verb or to emphasize its past completion relative to another event.

Question 10. to have gone
Answer: to go,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to have gone' (perfect infinitive) to 'to go' (simple infinitive), simplifying the tense when the action is simultaneous with or after the main verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple infinitive 'to go' when the action is concurrent with or follows the main verb, rather than a past action relative to the main verb.

Question 11. to immediately go
Answer: to go immediately,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to immediately go' to 'to go immediately', placing the adverb 'immediately' after the infinitive verb it modifies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs should generally be placed after the infinitive verb, not between 'to' and the verb, to avoid splitting the infinitive, especially in formal writing.

Question 12. need not to come
Answer: need not come.
In simple words: This correction removes 'to' from 'need not to come', as 'need not' functions as a modal verb and is followed by a bare infinitive.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'need' is used as a modal verb (often in negative or interrogative forms, e.g., 'need not', 'need you'), it is followed by a bare infinitive (without 'to').

Exercise 19

Question 1. to play
Answer: playing
In simple words: This correction changes 'to play' (infinitive) to 'playing' (gerund), indicating that the gerund form is required, often after prepositions or certain verbs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Some verbs and prepositions are followed by gerunds (verb + -ing), not infinitives. For example, 'I enjoy playing' or 'She is good at playing'.

Question 2. to go
Answer: going,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to go' (infinitive) to 'going' (gerund), implying that the gerund form is grammatically necessary, often after prepositions.

🎯 Exam Tip: The gerund form (verb + -ing) is often used after prepositions. Ensure you use the correct form (gerund or infinitive) based on the preceding word.

Question 3. to talk
Answer: from talking,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to talk' to 'from talking', implying a change in preposition and verb form to express avoidance or prohibition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs like 'prevent', 'refrain', 'abstain' are usually followed by the preposition 'from' and a gerund (e.g., 'prevent from talking').

Question 4. to walk
Answer: of walking,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to walk' to 'of walking', indicating that a preposition 'of' followed by a gerund is required in the specific context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Certain nouns or adjectives are followed by 'of' and a gerund (e.g., 'fond of reading', 'fear of flying'). Match the preposition and verb form appropriately.

Question 5. to win
Answer: in winning,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to win' to 'in winning', indicating that the preposition 'in' followed by a gerund is required, often to denote a manner or state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Phrases like 'succeed in', 'believe in', 'persuade in' are typically followed by a gerund, not an infinitive. Correct prepositional usage with gerunds is key.

Question 6. Reading of
Answer: The reading of,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Reading of', making the gerund a specific noun phrase.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a gerund acts as a noun and refers to a specific instance or general activity, it can be preceded by 'the' (e.g., 'The reading of the book was enjoyable').

Question 7. friend
Answer: friend's,
In simple words: This correction adds an apostrophe and 's' to 'friend', making it possessive and indicating ownership or association.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use an apostrophe 's' ('s) to form the possessive of singular nouns. This is fundamental for indicating ownership in English.

Question 8. to get
Answer: of getting,
In simple words: This correction changes 'to get' to 'of getting', indicating that a preposition 'of' followed by a gerund is needed for the specific context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Certain expressions or structures require 'of' followed by a gerund (e.g., 'capable of doing', 'fond of eating'). Match the preposition and verb form appropriately.

Question 9. me
Answer: my,
In simple words: This correction changes 'me' (object pronoun) to 'my' (possessive adjective), used before a gerund to indicate who performs the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a gerund functions as a noun, the pronoun preceding it should generally be in the possessive form (e.g., 'I appreciate *your* coming', not 'you coming').

Question 10. Time
Answer: the time
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'the' before 'Time', specifying a particular or emphasized time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'the' before 'time' when referring to a specific moment or duration known to both speaker and listener (e.g., 'the time for dinner'). Otherwise, 'time' can be uncountable.

Question 11. at
Answer: to,
In simple words: This correction changes 'at' to 'to', indicating a change in preposition required for specific verbs of direction or purpose.

🎯 Exam Tip: Certain verbs or phrases pair specifically with 'to' (e.g., 'listen to', 'talk to', 'agree to'). Ensure you use the correct preposition for the given verb.

Question 12. knowing
Answer: knowing about us,
In simple words: This correction adds 'about us' after 'knowing', providing the necessary context or object for the verb 'knowing'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Verbs like 'know' often require a direct object or a prepositional phrase to complete their meaning. Ensure all necessary elements are present for clarity.

Question 13. to go for to see
Answer: to see,
In simple words: This correction simplifies 'to go for to see' to 'to see', removing redundancy and correctly using the infinitive of purpose.

🎯 Exam Tip: When expressing purpose, the infinitive 'to + verb' is typically sufficient (e.g., 'He went to the store to buy milk'). Avoid redundant phrases like 'for to'.

Question 14. Hunting
Answer: The hunting,
In simple words: This correction adds the definite article 'The' before 'Hunting', making the gerund a specific noun phrase.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a gerund acts as a specific noun and is the subject of a sentence, it can often be preceded by 'the' to denote a particular activity (e.g., 'The hunting of deer is regulated').

Question 15. playing of = playing, studying of = studying
Answer: playing, studying = studying,
In simple words: This correction removes the redundant 'of' after gerunds like 'playing' and 'studying' when they are used as simple nouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Gerunds functioning as nouns generally do not require 'of' after them unless followed by a possessive or a specific object. Use them directly: 'I like playing sports'.

Exercise 20

Question 1. Being
Answer: He being,
In simple words: This correction adds the pronoun 'He' before 'being', forming a nominative absolute construction, which requires a subject for the participle.

🎯 Exam Tip: In a nominative absolute construction, a noun or pronoun precedes a participle phrase, functioning independently to add information to the main clause (e.g., 'The weather being bad, we stayed home').

Question 2. retiring
Answer: retired,
In simple words: This correction changes 'retiring' (present participle) to 'retired' (past participle), using the correct adjective form to describe someone who has ceased working.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the past participle form ('retired', 'broken') as an adjective to describe the state resulting from an action. The present participle ('retiring', 'breaking') describes an ongoing action.

Question 3. Being
Answer: It being
In simple words: This correction adds the pronoun 'It' before 'Being', forming a nominative absolute phrase, often used for expressing circumstances or reasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: A nominative absolute construction provides additional information about the sentence, often beginning with a noun or pronoun followed by a participle, like 'It being Sunday, we rested'.

Question 4. Eating
Answer: Having eaten,
In simple words: This correction changes 'Eating' (present participle/gerund) to 'Having eaten' (perfect participle), indicating an action completed before the main action of the sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the perfect participle ('having + past participle') to show that an action was completed before another action in the sentence (e.g., 'Having finished his work, he left').

Question 5. Playing
Answer: While playing,
In simple words: This correction adds 'While' before 'playing', using it as a conjunction to indicate that the action happened concurrently with another action.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'While' is often used with a gerund (or a reduced clause) to show that two actions are happening at the same time (e.g., 'While swimming, he saw a fish').

Question 6. tiring
Answer: tired,
In simple words: This correction changes 'tiring' (present participle adjective) to 'tired' (past participle adjective), to describe a state of feeling rather than causing tiredness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adjectives ending in '-ing' (e.g., 'tiring', 'boring') describe the *cause* of a feeling. Adjectives ending in '-ed' (e.g., 'tired', 'bored') describe the *feeling* itself. Choose based on what you want to describe.

Question 7. defeating
Answer: defeated,
In simple words: This correction changes 'defeating' (present participle) to 'defeated' (past participle), using the correct adjective form to describe someone who has been overcome.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the past participle as an adjective to describe the state or result of an action (e.g., 'a defeated army'). The present participle describes the action itself or who/what causes it (e.g., 'a defeating blow').

Question 8. Reading
Answer: While reading,
In simple words: This correction adds 'While' before 'Reading', indicating that the action of reading is occurring concurrently with another action in the sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: The conjunction 'while' can introduce a participial phrase (gerund) to show simultaneous actions, providing temporal context to the main clause.

Question 9. Being
Answer: It being
In simple words: This correction adds the pronoun 'It' before 'Being', forming a nominative absolute construction for impersonal statements or conditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: A nominative absolute construction, like 'It being cold, we stayed inside', provides additional information or a reason for the main clause, and includes its own subject ('It').

Question 10. Correct the following sentence:
Answer: The information of murder having got, he was arrested.
In simple words: This sentence uses a participial phrase incorrectly, making the subject ambiguous. The correct phrasing should be 'Having got the information of murder, he was arrested.' or 'When the information of murder was received, he was arrested.' However, as per instruction, I must output the given text verbatim.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that participial phrases clearly refer to the correct subject to avoid dangling modifiers. The action of the participle should logically be performed by the main subject of the sentence.

Question 11. Going
Answer: While going,
In simple words: This correction adds 'While' before 'Going', using it as a conjunction to introduce a simultaneous action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'while' with a gerund (or a reduced clause) to indicate that an action happened at the same time as another action mentioned in the main clause.

Question 12. killed
Answer: Having killed.
In simple words: This correction changes 'killed' (simple past participle) to 'Having killed' (perfect participle), implying that the action of killing occurred before the main action of the sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: The perfect participle ('Having + past participle') is used to indicate an action that was completed before the action of the main verb, establishing a clear sequence of past events.

Exercise 21

Question 1. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Nitin is a university student.
(ii) Vipin is Rahul's eldest brother.
(iii) Milk is preferable to coffee.
(iv) One hundred rupees is not a big sum these days.
(v) Your shirt is inferior to mine.
(vi) The train had started before he reached the station.
In simple words: These sentences cover various grammar rules, including article usage, appropriate use of 'elder' for family, and correct comparative constructions for preferences and qualities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on articles before common noun phrases, correct comparative forms ('preferable to', 'inferior to'), and the use of past perfect tense to show sequence of past events.

Question 2. Correct the following sentences:
(i) He has been ill ever since he left us.
(ii) He went to Lucknow yesterday.
(iii) The ship with all its passengers was sunk.
(iv) There is very little water in the glass.
(v) Kalidas is one of the greatest poets of India.
(vi) Unless you work hard, you cannot pass.
In simple words: This set of sentences addresses common errors in tense usage, collective nouns, appropriate quantifiers, and conditional clauses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the present perfect continuous for duration ('since he left'), specific past tense markers ('yesterday'), subject-verb agreement with collective nouns, quantifier usage ('very little'), and 'one of the' structures with superlatives and plural nouns.

Question 3. Correct the following sentences:
(i) This is a useful book.
(ii) My friend is in great trouble.
(iii) It is they who have done this work.
(iv) I heard the news an hour ago.
(v) He was absent from the examination.
In simple words: These sentences cover article usage, idiomatic expressions, pronoun agreement, and prepositional phrases related to absence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'a' before 'useful' (vowel sound 'yoo'), 'in trouble', and ensure pronoun agreement ('It is they'). Also, note the correct preposition 'absent from'.

Question 4. Correct the following sentences:
(i) He has gone home.
(ii) The patient had died before the doctor came.
(iii) Love is its own reward.
(iv) I saw three deer in the forest.
(V) He is junior to my brother.
(vi) I want to study in a university.
In simple words: This set focuses on correct usage of 'gone home' without 'to', sequence of tenses (past perfect before simple past), possessive pronouns, invariant plural nouns, and correct comparative prepositions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note 'home' is often used as an adverb without 'to' after verbs of motion. Master past perfect for sequential past actions, and remember that 'deer' is plural as well as singular. Adjectives ending in '-ior' take 'to', not 'than'.

Question 5. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Neither he nor his father was accident.
(ii) This pen is better than that of this make.
(iii) Mrs. Gandhi delivered her last speech at Bhubaneshwar.
(iv) The streets of Kolkata are wider than those of Varanasi.
(v) Few of the remarks that he made were very suggestive.
In simple words: These sentences address agreement with 'neither-nor', correct comparative structures to avoid illogical comparisons, and usage of articles and quantifiers.

🎯 Exam Tip: With 'neither-nor', the verb agrees with the closer subject. Use 'than that of' or 'than those of' to ensure a logical comparison between similar items (e.g., pen to pen, streets to streets). Differentiate between 'few' and 'a few'.

Question 6. Correct the following sentences:
(i) It is a world where the rich hate the poor.
(ii) Though he is poor yet honest.
(iii) You yourself are responsible.
(iv) For health, milk is preferable to tea.
(v) I do not pay heed to his nonsensical talks.
(vi) He is very proud.
In simple words: This set covers the use of 'the' with adjectives to refer to groups, conjunctions for contrast, reflexive pronouns, correct comparative prepositions, and idiomatic phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'the rich' or 'the poor' refers to a group of people. Use 'preferable to' for comparison. 'Pay heed to' is the correct idiom. Ensure adverbs like 'very' correctly modify adjectives.

Question 7. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(ii) The kind man will pity the poor.
(iii) Your information is false.
(iv) His poems are mystic.
(v) I like vegetables.
(vi) Some thief has robbed me of my watch.
In simple words: These sentences demonstrate correct article usage for unique celestial bodies and directions, specific vocabulary for robbery, and uncountable noun rules.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'the' before 'sun', 'east', 'west'. 'Information' is uncountable. The correct phrasing for stealing from someone is 'rob someone of something'.

Question 8. Correct the following sentences:
(i) He needs a pair of spectacles.
(ii) The game has come to an end.
(iii) Sohan and I were present.
(iv) Her eldest brother is not here.
(v) He reached the railway station in time.
(vi) Be kind of those who are poor.
In simple words: This set focuses on nouns that are plural in form and meaning (spectacles), idiomatic expressions ('come to an end'), subject-pronoun order, and correct prepositional phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Spectacles' is a plural noun requiring 'a pair of'. When listing yourself, put 'I' last. Use 'elder' for family members. 'In time' means just before a deadline, 'on time' means punctually. Ensure correct phrasing like 'Be kind to those who are poor'.

Question 9. Correct the following sentences:
(i) I prefer walking to swimming.
(ii) He died of fever.
(iii) He goes to temple at 7 o'clock.
(iv) Of the two boys he was more intelligent.
(v) She resembles her father.
(vi) You are always late.
In simple words: These sentences illustrate correct usage of 'prefer...to', prepositions with 'died', articles with places of worship, comparative structures for two items, and present tense for habitual actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Prefer' is always followed by 'to', not 'than'. 'Die of' is used for diseases. 'Go to temple' (without 'the') is common when referring to the purpose. For two items, use 'more intelligent' (comparative). 'Resemble' does not take a preposition.

Question 10. Correct the following sentences:
(i) I came to Varanasi a month ago.
(ii) He prevented me from doing it.
(iii) Gopal has been ill for four days.
(iv) The rise and fall of the tide is due to the moon.
(v) The news of the war is good today.
(vi) One should not boast of one's wealth.
In simple words: This set covers simple past tense with 'ago', specific verbs followed by 'from + gerund', present perfect for duration, compound subjects, and reflexive pronouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use simple past with definite past time markers like 'ago'. 'Prevent' is followed by 'from + gerund'. 'Has been ill for' indicates duration. 'News' is singular. 'Boast of/about' requires 'one's' for general possessive.

Question 11. Correct the following sentences:
(i) She has done it.
(ii) If I were you I would never do that.
(iii) The news is true.
(iv) The furniture of my class was disposed of.
(v) She is senior to me.
(vi) He is coming from Varanasi.
In simple words: These sentences address present perfect tense, hypothetical conditional clauses (Type 2), uncountable nouns, correct possessive for inanimate objects, and proper comparative prepositions.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'If I were you' is correct for hypothetical situations (subjunctive mood). 'News' is singular. 'Furniture' is uncountable. 'Senior' is followed by 'to'. 'Coming from' indicates origin.

Question 12. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The smell of these flowers is very sweet.
(ii) Two and two make four.
(iii) Her answer was. such as I had expected.
(iv) He is a university student.
(v) What kind of man is he?
(vi) Seldom have I read such an interesting novel.
In simple words: This set includes subject-verb agreement with sensory verbs, numerical facts, correct phrasing with 'such as', article usage with 'university', and inversion with negative adverbs.

🎯 Exam Tip: With 'smell' (and other sensory verbs), the verb agrees with the subject (smell is sweet). 'Two and two' takes a plural verb. 'Such as' introduces examples. 'University' takes 'a' (yoo sound). Negative adverbs like 'seldom' often trigger inversion.

Question 13. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Where are you coming from ?
(ii) My trousers are dirty.
(ii) I will avail of this chance.
(iii) They themselves are responsible.
(v) You cannot find such a nice man anywhere.
(vi) There is a best solution to every problem.
In simple words: These sentences cover interrogative structures, agreement with plural nouns (trousers), reflexive verbs, emphatic pronouns, and the correct use of superlatives.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Trousers' is always plural. 'Avail' needs a reflexive pronoun ('avail myself of'). 'Themselves' can be used for emphasis. 'Such a' is used with a noun phrase. Superlatives like 'best' require 'the'.

Question 14. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Jealousy is bad.
(ii) This is a good poem.
(iii) He is in debt.
(iv) The Himalayas lie to the north of India.
(v) Is he in jail ?
(vi) The more you get the more you want.
In simple words: This set covers abstract nouns, article usage, idiomatic expressions, geographical names, and comparative structures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Abstract nouns generally don't take articles. 'In debt' is an idiom. Proper nouns like 'Himalayas' (mountain range) take 'the'. 'In jail' (without 'the') implies a state of imprisonment. 'The more...the more' is a correct comparative construction.

Question 15. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The general as well as the soldiers are running away.
(ii) I avoid going there.
(iii) My brother told me that the earth is round.
(iv) I move slowly lest I should get tired.
(v) He complained against Ram to the teacher.
(vi) This is the man who met me yesterday.
In simple words: These sentences address subject-verb agreement with 'as well as', verbs followed by gerunds, reported speech for universal truths, conjunctions for negative purpose, and correct prepositional phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: With 'as well as', the verb agrees with the *first* subject. 'Avoid' is followed by a gerund. Universal truths remain present tense in reported speech. 'Lest' is followed by 'should'. 'Complain against (person) to (person)'. 'Who' is for subjects.

Question 16. Correct the following sentences:
(i) American people are rich.
(ii) Everyone of them has a blanket.
(iii) It is he who has done it.
(iv) Sarita is senior to me.
(v) She is cleverer than her sister.
(vi) The books on the table are mine.
In simple words: This set covers general group references, subject-verb agreement with indefinite pronouns, subject pronouns in copular sentences, correct comparative prepositions, and possessive pronouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'American people' (plural) needs 'are'. 'Everyone' is singular and takes 'has'. After 'It is', use subject pronouns (he). 'Senior' takes 'to'. Comparative adjectives use 'than'. 'Mine' is a possessive pronoun.

Question 17. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Mumps is a dangerous disease.
(ii) This book is mine.
(iii) You are junior to me.
(iv) He is the best boy in the class.
(v) If you come, I shall help you.
(vi) Neither of these children has stolen your pen.
In simple words: These sentences address diseases plural in form but singular in meaning, possessive pronouns, correct comparative prepositions, superlative adjectives, and conditional clauses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Diseases like 'mumps' and 'measles' take singular verbs. 'Mine' is a possessive pronoun. 'Junior' takes 'to'. Superlatives require 'the'. Conditional Type 1: 'If + simple present, will + base verb'. 'Neither' takes a singular verb.

Question 18. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Neither of them was there.
(ii) I do not understand why is he so angry with the.
(iii) I have been ill for two days.
(iv) No fewer than five boys were absent.
(v) He o the man who I know is trustworthy.
In simple words: This set covers agreement with 'neither', indirect question structure, present perfect for duration, quantifiers with countable nouns, and relative pronoun usage.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Neither of them' takes a singular verb. In indirect questions, revert to subject-verb order ('why he is so angry'). 'For two days' implies present perfect. 'Fewer' for countable nouns. Correct relative pronoun should be 'whom' if the object of 'know'.

Question 19. Correct the following sentences:
(i) This is better of the two.
(ii) Mohan is miser.
(iii) The Indus is a long river in the Punjab.
(iv) He has no book.
(v) He has been ill since Sunday.
(vi) We made him our captain.
In simple words: These sentences cover comparative adjectives for two items, noun usage, articles for rivers, quantifiers, present perfect for duration, and object complements.

🎯 Exam Tip: For two items, use 'better of the two' or 'the better of the two'. 'Miser' is a noun, not an adjective ('Mohan is a miser'). Rivers take 'the'. 'No book' is correct. 'Since Sunday' indicates a starting point for present perfect. 'Made him captain' (without 'a').

Question 20. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Don't hanker on money.
(ii) Please knock at the door before you enter the house.
(iii) She ordered his dismissal.
(iv) This food tastes sweet.
(v) I am very happy to see you.
(vi) Neither of the films is worth seeing.
In simple words: This set includes phrasal verbs, prepositional usage with verbs, abstract nouns, sensory verbs, infinitives of purpose, and expressions with 'worth'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Hanker after/for' is the correct idiom. 'Knock at' the door. 'Dismissal' is the noun form. Sensory verbs like 'taste' are followed by adjectives. 'Worth seeing' is a common construction. 'Neither of' takes a singular verb.

Question 21. Correct the following sentences:
(i) That is the extreme view.
(ii) Sita is more charming than any living woman.
(iii) Can you lend me some money?
(iv) I returned the book last Sunday.
(V) Iron is a useful metal.
(vi) He insisted him to leave the class.
In simple words: These sentences cover article usage with superlatives, comparative structures with 'any other', quantifiers in questions, simple past tense, and verbs followed by specific structures.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Extreme' can function as a superlative. For 'more charming than', use 'any other living woman'. 'Some' is used in offers/requests. 'Last Sunday' calls for simple past. 'Insist on' + gerund, or 'insist that someone leave'.

Question 22. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The poor are unhappy.
(ii) One must do one's duty carefully.
(iii) You are junior to me.
(iv) Gold is a costly metal.
(v) You need not go there.
(vi) It being Sunday, I did not go to college.
In simple words: This set focuses on using 'the' with adjectives for groups, indefinite pronouns with possessives, comparative prepositions, uncountable nouns, modal verbs, and nominative absolute phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'The poor' refers to a group. 'One's' is the possessive for 'one'. 'Junior to' is correct. 'Gold' is uncountable (no article for general). 'Need not' is a modal. 'It being Sunday' is a nominative absolute.

Question 23. Correct the following sentences:
(i) I saw a wounded bird.
(ii) The dog ran fast.
(iii) He knocked at the door.
(iv) It is I who did it.
(v) Sweet are the uses of adversity.
(vi) The rich prosper and the poor suffer.
In simple words: These sentences cover participial adjectives, adverbs of manner, phrasal verbs, subject pronoun after 'It is', inverted sentences for emphasis, and using 'the' with adjectives for groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Wounded' describes the bird. 'Fast' is both adjective and adverb. 'Knock at' a door. After 'It is', use a subject pronoun (I, he, she). Inverted sentences like 'Sweet are...' emphasize the subject. 'The rich/poor' are plural.

Question 24. Correct the following sentences:
(i) It is the same watch that I purchased today.
(ii) He went to Mumbai yesterday.
(iii) I myself can do it.
(iv) Your claim is prior to your sister's.
(v) Your knowledge is perfect.
(vi) My brother is elder to me.
In simple words: This set includes proper use of relative pronouns after 'same', simple past with 'yesterday', emphatic pronouns, comparative prepositions, absolute adjectives, and comparing age within family.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'that' after 'the same'. Simple past for definite time. 'Myself' for emphasis. 'Prior to' is correct. 'Perfect' is an absolute adjective (cannot be 'more perfect'). 'Elder to' for family.

Question 25. Correct the following sentences:
(i) I prefer coffee to tea.
(ii) He reached the Railway station well in time.
(iii) He is a European, not an Asian.
(iv) I like to read the Hindu.
(v) He runs very fast.
(vi) Many a patriot has died for his motherland.
In simple words: These sentences cover 'prefer...to', idiomatic expressions for punctuality, article usage with vowel sounds (European), definite articles for newspapers, adverbs of manner, and subject-verb agreement with 'many a'.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Prefer to' is always correct. 'Well in time' means with plenty of time. 'European' starts with a 'yoo' consonant sound, so 'a European'. Newspapers take 'the'. 'Fast' is an adverb. 'Many a' takes a singular verb.

Question 26. Correct the following sentences:
(i) He is taller of the two brothers.
(ii) He enjoyed himself during the holdings.
(iii) The philosopher and the poet have come.
(iv) Bid him for finishing the work.
(v) The coat being torn needs mending.
(vi) Although he was poor yet he was honest
In simple words: This set focuses on comparative forms for two, reflexive pronouns with certain verbs, subject-verb agreement with compound subjects, correct prepositional phrases, gerunds for needing, and conjunctions for concession.

🎯 Exam Tip: For two items, use 'the taller of the two'. 'Enjoy' usually takes a reflexive pronoun if no object. If 'the philosopher and the poet' refer to one person, use 'has come'; if two, 'have come'. 'Bid him to finish'. 'Needs mending' (passive gerund). 'Although...yet' is correct.

Question 27. Correct the following sentences:
(i) He says he has a car besides a scooter.
(ii) The teacher called Ravi and asked him to describe the incident.
(iii) I have been in this profession for five years.
(iv) Bread and butter are what we usually have in breakfast.
(v) The population of Delhi is larger than that of Lucknow.
(vi) Of the two students, the one from Agra is the better.
In simple words: These sentences cover distinguishing 'besides' and 'beside', reported speech, present perfect for duration, subject-verb agreement with compound subjects, logical comparisons, and comparative forms for two items.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Besides' means in addition to. 'Called and asked' are parallel. 'For five years' uses present perfect. 'Bread and butter' can be singular if one item (a meal) or plural if separate. 'Than that of' is for logical comparison. 'The better' for two.

Question 28. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The kind man will pity the poor.
(ii) I lost hundreds of books.
(iii) The game came to an end.
(iv) Where is the envelope of this letter?
(v) Columbus discovered America.
(vi) His poetry is mystic.
In simple words: This set addresses the use of 'the' with adjectives for groups, quantifiers, idiomatic expressions, noun phrases, proper nouns, and uncountable nouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'The poor' is correct. 'Hundreds of' is correct. 'Come to an end' is an idiom. 'Envelope of this letter' is fine. Proper noun 'America' needs no article. 'Poetry' is uncountable and singular.

Question 29. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Ravi is the elder of his two sons.
(ii) This wood is superior to that.
(iii) He was a frightened child.
(iv) He went to Lucknow by car.
(v) He and I are working on a project.
(vi) Walk carefully lest you should fall.
In simple words: These sentences cover comparative forms for family members, comparative prepositions, participial adjectives, prepositions of transport, subject-verb agreement, and conjunctions for negative purpose.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'The elder of' is correct for two family members. 'Superior to' is correct. 'Frightened' (passive sense). 'By car' (no article). 'He and I' (subject pronoun, 'I' last). 'Lest you should' is correct for 'for fear that'.

Question 30. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The more you have, the more you covet.
(ii) Gold is a precious metal.
(iii) Mohan and Ram have lost their books.
(iv) Ask him to go.
(v) The water of Ganga and Yamuna is said to be different in colour.
(vi) Whose cattle are these?
In simple words: This set focuses on correlative comparatives, uncountable nouns, subject-verb agreement, verbs followed by infinitives, definite articles for rivers, and agreement with collective plural nouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'The more...the more' is a correct construction. 'Gold' is general uncountable. Compound subject 'Mohan and Ram' takes plural 'have'. 'Ask someone to do something'. Rivers take 'the'. 'Cattle' is a plural noun, so 'are these'.

Question 31. Correct the following sentences:
(i) We must help the poor.
(ii) Physics is an interesting subject.
(iii) I convey may thanks for his support.
(iv) One must love one's country.
(v) He prefers coffee to milk.
(vi) He is braver than we expected.
In simple words: These sentences cover 'the' with adjectives for groups, subjects that are plural in form but singular in meaning, idiomatic expressions, possessive pronouns, and correct comparative forms.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'The poor' refers to a group. 'Physics' (and other 'ics' subjects) takes a singular verb. 'Convey my thanks'. 'One's' is possessive for 'one'. 'Prefers to' is correct. 'Braver than' is correct comparative.

Question 32. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The mother forbade the son to tell lies.
(ii) The scenes of Kashmir are charming.
(iii) He ran a hundred mile race.
(iv) Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.
(v) A scorpion, sitting on the gate, stung him.
(vi) The soldiers are passing into the tunnel.
In simple words: This set focuses on verbs followed by specific structures, uncountable nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning (scenery), hyphenated adjectives, conditional clauses, and prepositional usage.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Forbid someone to do something'. 'Scenery' is uncountable and singular, but here it says 'scenes' which is plural. 'Hundred-mile' (hyphenated adjective). 'Unless' means 'if not'. Pay attention to participle phrases modifying nouns. 'Into the tunnel' implies movement inside.

Question 33. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The sun rises in the east.
(ii) He gave alms to the beggar.
(iii) The wages of sin is death.
(iv) He reached the railway station quite well in time.
(v) He is my elder brother.
(vi) Both the brothers love each other.
In simple words: This set addresses definite articles for unique celestial bodies and directions, specific vocabulary ('alms'), subject-verb agreement for complex subjects, prepositional phrases for time, comparative forms for family, and reciprocal pronouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'The sun' and 'the east'. 'Alms' is always plural. 'The wages of sin' is singular for the *consequence*. 'In time' means just before. 'Elder brother' is correct. 'Each other' for two, 'one another' for more than two.

Question 34. Correct the following sentences:
(i) This is one of the most interesting books that have ever been printed.
(ii) Knowledge is preferable to riches.
(iii) I forbade you to enter this room.
(iv) Two years have passed since my father died.
(v) He was angry with me.
(vi) He carefully investigated the case.
In simple words: This set focuses on superlative structures with relative clauses, correct comparative prepositions, verbs followed by infinitives, present perfect with 'since', prepositions with 'angry', and adverbs of manner.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'One of the + superlative + plural noun + relative pronoun (that/which) + plural verb'. 'Preferable to' is correct. 'Forbid someone to do something'. 'Have passed since' is correct. 'Angry with (person)'. 'Carefully investigated' (adverb modifies verb).

Question 35. Correct the following sentences:
(i) It is I who am to blame.
(ii) There is intimacy between him and me.
(iii) A modest man does not boast upon his merits.
(iv) You are right in holding that opinion.
(v) They repented on going on strike.
(vi) When a person is tired, he should relax for a while.
In simple words: These sentences cover agreement of relative pronouns, objective pronouns after prepositions, phrasal verbs, idiomatic expressions, verbs followed by specific prepositions + gerunds, and modal verbs for advice.

🎯 Exam Tip: After 'It is I', use 'who am'. Prepositions take object pronouns ('between him and me'). 'Boast of/about' (not 'upon'). 'Right in holding'. 'Repent of' + gerund. 'Relax for a while' is correct.

Question 36. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Two miles is not a long distance.
(ii) He returned only yesterday.
(iii) The news is too good not to be true.
(iv) He is much interested in games.
(v) I wrote this letter last evening.
(vi) The sun gives us light and life.
In simple words: This set focuses on subject-verb agreement for distances, adverbs of time, 'too...to' construction, idiomatic expressions with adjectives, simple past for definite time, and general facts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distances (or sums of money) can take a singular verb if viewed as a single unit. Adverbs like 'only' modify the word immediately following. 'Too...not to be' is a correct negative implication. 'Interested in' is correct. 'Last evening' uses simple past. General truths about 'the sun' take simple present.

Question 37. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The gold is heavier than iron.
(ii) Kind man will pity poor.
(iii) I went out for a walk.
(iv) I know French and the English languages.
(v) Who
(vi) Who was the inventor of gunpowder?
(vii) His poetry are mystic.
In simple words: This set covers articles with uncountable nouns, using 'the' with adjectives for groups, idiomatic expressions, articles with languages, and subject-verb agreement.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Gold' and 'iron' are general uncountable nouns, usually no article for general comparisons. 'The kind man will pity the poor'. 'Go for a walk'. 'French and English languages' (no 'the' before 'English'). 'Poetry' is uncountable, takes 'is'. 'Who' is for subject.

Question 38. Correct the following sentences:
(i) He aims to stand first this year.
(ii) He is too weak to walk.
(iii) The step taken is either right or wrong.
(iv) He washed neither his hands nor his face.
(v) She has no other aim than to see her mother.
(vi) It is four by my watch.
In simple words: These sentences focus on infinitives of purpose, 'too...to' construction, correlative conjunctions, and prepositional usage.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Aim to do something'. 'Too weak to walk' is correct. 'Either...or' for two options. 'Neither...nor' for two negative options (verb agrees with closer subject, but here it's about the objects). 'No other...than to'. 'By my watch' is correct.

Question 39. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Columbus discovered America.
(ii) I am not on taking terms with him.
(iii) On seeing the snake he got very much afraid.
(iv) A ship sail in water.
(v) I congratulate you on your success.
(vi) The climate of India is warmer than England.
In simple words: This set addresses proper nouns without articles, idiomatic expressions, participial phrases, basic sentence structure, phrasal verbs, and logical comparisons.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'America' is a proper noun, no article needed. 'On good terms with' (idiom). 'On seeing' (participial phrase). 'A ship sails in water'. 'Congratulate on'. 'Than that of England' to compare climates logically.

Question 40. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Please inform me about the details of your publications.
(ii) Every book and every journal in the library is in a bad shape.
(iii) I find getting up early in the morning ignore preferable.
(iv) It is true that I had met her last year.
(v) He is the same man who came here yesterday.
(vi) Potatoes were introduced in India long before the arrival of the British.
In simple words: This set focuses on prepositional usage, subject-verb agreement with distributive pronouns, gerunds as subjects, relative clauses with 'same', and prepositions of time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Inform about'. 'Every book and every journal' takes a singular verb ('is'). 'Getting up early' is the subject (gerund phrase). 'The same man who/that'. 'Long before' is a time phrase. Always check for parallel structures.

Question 41. Correct the following sentences:
(i) His mother is confined to her bed.
(ii) He as well as you are innocent.
(iii) Pull chain to stop the train.
(iv) I doubt if he will pass.
(v) Hard work is the key to success.
(vi) I have not seen him lately.
In simple words: These sentences address idiomatic expressions, subject-verb agreement with 'as well as', article usage, conditional clauses, abstract nouns, and adverbs of time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Confined to bed'. With 'as well as', the verb agrees with the first subject ('He...is'). 'Pull the chain'. 'Doubt whether/if'. 'Key to success'. 'Lately' means recently (used with present perfect).

Question 42. Correct the following sentences:
(i) Guests are encouraged to avail of themselves the full range of hotel facilities.
(ii) Police suspect a local gang.
(iii) There are many types of deer.
(iv) Each of the two houses was slightly different.
(v) The choice was of him.
(vi) Ram is the eldest of their two sons.
In simple words: This set focuses on reflexive verbs, collective nouns, invariant plural nouns, subject-verb agreement with distributive pronouns, possessive pronouns, and superlatives for two items.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Avail themselves of'. 'Police' is a collective noun, usually plural. 'Deer' is singular/plural. 'Each of' takes singular verb. 'The choice was his' (possessive pronoun). 'Eldest of two' should be 'elder of two'.

Question 43. Correct the following sentences:
(i) All the articles of furniture were destroyed.
(ii) The summons has been issued.
(iii) I have a ten-rupee note.
(iv) Can one not do what one likes.
(v) Neither of them was invited to the party.
(vi) I do not know who you are.
In simple words: These sentences address uncountable nouns (furniture), nouns plural in form but singular in meaning (summons), hyphenated adjectives, impersonal pronouns, and agreement with distributive pronouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Furniture' is uncountable. 'Summons' (singular) takes 'has been issued'. 'Ten-rupee' is a compound adjective. 'One' is impersonal (correct). 'Neither of them' takes 'was'. 'Who you are' (indirect question).

Question 44. Correct the following sentences:
(i) The stars were the only guide of ours.
(ii) He had gone before you came.
(iii) I am confident of winning.
(iv) What do you aim at?
(v) You need not worry.
(vi) Your examination will begin on Monday.
In simple words: This set covers possessive pronouns, past perfect for sequence, verbs followed by specific prepositions + gerunds, phrasal verbs, modal verbs, and prepositions for time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'The only guide of ours' is correct. Past perfect ('had gone') before simple past ('came'). 'Confident of winning'. 'Aim at'. 'Need not' (modal verb, bare infinitive). 'On Monday' (day of week).

Question 45. Correct the following sentences:
(i) One of the members of his family is a brigadier.
(ii) I have disposed of my house.
(iii) They sat in the shade of a tree.
(iv) Either my son or those children have damaged this window.
(v) If get a promotion I will get a higher salary.
(vi) Five times five is twenty five.
In simple words: This set focuses on subject-verb agreement with 'one of the', phrasal verbs, idiomatic expressions for location, subject-verb agreement with 'either...or', conditional sentences, and numerical facts.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'One of the plural noun' takes a singular verb ('is'). 'Dispose of' is correct. 'In the shade of'. With 'either...or', verb agrees with the closer subject ('children have'). Conditional Type 1 needs 'If I get'. Numerical facts use 'is' or 'are'.