UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Chapter 1 Direct and Indirect Narration

Up Board Solution Class 12 English Grammar Exercise 1

Question 1.
Answer: The teacher said that as the air got heated up, it rose upwards. This statement represents a universal scientific truth which does not change tense in indirect speech.
In simple words: The teacher explained that when air gets warm, it goes up.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting sentences that express scientific facts or universal truths into indirect speech, the tense of the verb in the reported speech remains unchanged.

Question 2.
Answer: The college notice says that admit cards will be issued to Intermediate candidates on Monday. Since the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense of the reported speech does not undergo any change.
In simple words: The college notice says that students will get their admit cards on Monday.

🎯 Exam Tip: If the reporting verb is in the present tense (like 'says'), do not change the tense of the verb inside the reported speech.

Question 3.
Answer: My daughter said that Mr. Tandon had rung up while I was out. The past perfect tense is used here to show an action completed before another past action.
In simple words: My daughter told me that Mr. Tandon called while I was away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure pronouns are changed correctly according to the speaker and the listener to maintain the correct meaning in indirect speech.

Question 4.
Answer: The lawyer told the client that he must tell him the whole truth and shouldn’t conceal anything from him. This advice emphasizes complete honesty between a client and their legal representative.
In simple words: The lawyer told the client to tell the truth and not hide anything.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'said to' is used to convey advice or instruction, it is often changed to 'told' or 'advised' in indirect speech.

Question 5. My uncle said that when he was a student he used to take part in debate competitions.
Answer: My uncle said, "When I was a student, I used to take part in debate competitions." This conversion changes the indirect pronouns and tenses back to the speaker's original words.
In simple words: We change the sentence back to exactly what the uncle said by using quotation marks and changing "he" back to "I".

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting back to direct speech, remember to restore the first-person pronoun 'I' if the subject is referring to themselves.

Question 6. The tourist said that that city.ought to have more buses.
Answer: The tourist said, "This city ought to have more buses." We replace the double "that that" with "this" to restore the direct speech meaning.
In simple words: In direct speech, "that city" becomes "this city" to show closeness in time or place.

🎯 Exam Tip: The double 'that' in indirect speech ('that that city') usually converts to 'that "this city..."' in direct speech.

Question 7. The clerk told Pooja that he would get her leave sanctioned immediately and she needn’t worry about that.
Answer: The clerk said to Pooja, "I will get your leave sanctioned immediately and you needn't worry about this." This brings back the direct conversation between the clerk and Pooja.
In simple words: We change "told" to "said to", "he" to "I", and "she" to "you" to show they are talking directly to each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'told' followed by an object (Pooja) converts back to 'said to' in direct speech.

Question 8. The passenger said that if the train hadn’t been late, he would have missed it.
Answer: The passenger said, "If the train hadn't been late, I would have missed it." The conditional structure remains consistent while pronouns adjust.
In simple words: We put the passenger's exact words inside quotation marks and change "he" to "I".

🎯 Exam Tip: Past perfect conditionals ('hadn't been', 'would have missed') do not change their tense when converting between direct and indirect speech.

Question 9. He said that the previous morning the fog was so dense that he couldn’t go for a walk.
Answer: He said, "Yesterday morning the fog was so dense that I couldn't go for a walk." The phrase "the previous morning" is restored to "yesterday morning".
In simple words: We change "the previous morning" back to "yesterday morning" and "he" back to "I" to show the speaker's original perspective.

🎯 Exam Tip: Time expressions like 'the previous morning' or 'the day before' must be converted back to 'yesterday morning' or 'yesterday' in direct speech.

Question 10. The speaker told the audience that they were responsible citizens of the country and they should preserve the solidarity of the nation.
Answer: The speaker said to the audience, "You are responsible citizens of the country and you should preserve the solidarity of the nation." This directly addresses the audience.
In simple words: The speaker is talking directly to the audience, so "they" changes to "you" and "were" changes to "are".

🎯 Exam Tip: When the speaker addresses a group directly, the indirect pronoun 'they' converts back to the second-person pronoun 'you'.

Question 11. Some saints told the people that they were coming to them to collect donations.
Answer: Some saints said to the people, "We are coming to you to collect donations." The pronouns are adjusted to reflect the direct interaction.
In simple words: The saints are speaking about themselves ("we") to the people ("you").

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to multiple pronouns; 'they' (saints) becomes 'we', and 'them' (people) becomes 'you'.

Question 12. The teachers said to the minister that they wanted to get revised pay scales and that demand was on their priority.
Answer: The teachers said to the minister, "We want to get revised pay scales and this demand is on our priority." The present tense is restored for the direct statement.
In simple words: We change "they wanted" to "we want" and "their priority" to "our priority" to show the teachers' direct words.

🎯 Exam Tip: Change past tense verbs ('wanted', 'was') back to present tense ('want', 'is') when converting indirect speech to direct speech.

Question 13. The mother tell her daughter that she is not feeling well. Hence she herself should take the breakfast from the kitchen.
Answer: The mother says to her daughter, "I am not feeling well. Hence you yourself should take the breakfast from the kitchen." Since the reporting verb "tell" is in the present tense, the tenses inside the speech do not change.
In simple words: Because the mother is speaking right now, we keep the present tense but change the pronouns so she is talking about herself and her daughter.

🎯 Exam Tip: If the reporting verb is in the present tense ('tell'/'says'), do not change the tense of the verbs inside the quotation marks.

Question 14. Some students told.me that they were proud of me as I explained them every thing very clearly.
Answer: Some students said to me, "We are proud of you as you explained everything to us very clearly." The pronouns are updated to show direct communication.
In simple words: The students are speaking directly to "me", so they say "We are proud of you".

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that all pronouns ('they' to 'we', 'me' to 'you', 'them' to 'us') are consistently updated to match the direct speech perspective.

Question 15. The servant told his master that he had been serving him for twenty years. He added that as he was 65 years of age then he could not serve him any more.
Answer: The servant said to his master, "I have been serving you for twenty years. As I am 65 years of age now, I cannot serve you anymore." This combines both statements into a single direct speech block.
In simple words: We combine the servant's two statements into one quote, changing "had been serving" to "have been serving" and "then" to "now".

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting consecutive indirect sentences, you can merge them into a single set of quotation marks using appropriate punctuation.

Direct And Indirect Speech Class 12 UP Board Exercise 2

Question 1. The boys asked when the next test match would be played.
Answer: The boys said, "When will the next test match be played?" This converts the indirect question back into a direct interrogative sentence.
In simple words: We turn the statement back into a question by putting "will" before the subject and adding a question mark.

🎯 Exam Tip: For indirect questions starting with wh-words, restore the helper verb ('will') before the subject in direct speech and end with a question mark.

Question 2. The wife asked her husband why he downcast that day.
Answer: The wife said to her husband, "Why are you downcast today?" The missing verb is restored to make the direct question grammatically complete.
In simple words: We change "asked" to "said to", "he" to "you", and "that day" back to "today".

🎯 Exam Tip: Time words like 'that day' always convert back to 'today' in direct speech.

Question 3. I asked him where had he found that old postage stamp.
Answer: I said to him, "Where did you find this old postage stamp?" The past perfect tense is reverted to simple past for natural direct speech.
In simple words: We change the question back to its original form, turning "that" into "this" and "had he found" into "did you find".

🎯 Exam Tip: In direct questions, use the interrogative word order (verb before subject) and change 'that' to 'this'.

Question 4. The candidate enquired what was the last date for submitting the application.
Answer: The candidate said, "What is the last date for submitting the application?" The reporting verb "enquired" is changed back to "said".
In simple words: We change the past tense "was" back to the present tense "is" to show the candidate's original question.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Enquired' is a formal reporting verb that typically converts back to 'said' or 'said to' in direct speech.

Question 5. The caretaker asked who had broken the flower vase.
Answer: The caretaker said, "Who broke the flower vase?" The past perfect tense is reverted to simple past for natural direct speech.
In simple words: We change "had broken" back to the simpler past tense "broke" inside the quotation marks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Past perfect ('had broken') in indirect speech usually comes from simple past ('broke') or present perfect ('has broken') in direct speech.

Question 6. The waiter asked the customer whether he would like to have tea or coffee.
Answer: The waiter said to the customer, "Would you like to have tea or coffee?" The conjunction "whether" is removed as it is only used for indirect questions.
In simple words: We remove "whether" and write the exact question the waiter asked the customer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Yes/No questions in indirect speech use 'if' or 'whether'; remove these conjunctions when converting back to direct speech.

Question 7. He asked if it was time to leave for the station.
Answer: He said, "Is it time to leave for the station?" The helping verb is placed at the beginning to form a direct question.
In simple words: We remove "if" and change "was" to "is" to make it a direct question.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'if' is used to introduce an indirect question, the direct question must start with an auxiliary verb like 'Is', 'Are', or 'Do'.

Question 8. The teacher asked the boys if they had taken down the questions.
Answer: The teacher said to the boys, "Have you taken down the questions?" The present perfect tense is restored for the direct question.
In simple words: We change "asked" to "said to", remove "if", and change "they had taken" to "have you taken".

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the subject-verb agreement is correct when changing pronouns (e.g., 'they had' becomes 'have you').

Question 9. Aruna asked Vimla if she knew Najma’s address.
Answer: Aruna said to Vimla, "Do you know Najma's address?" The simple past "knew" is converted back to simple present "know" with the helper verb "do".
In simple words: We turn the statement into a direct question starting with "Do you".

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple past verbs in indirect questions ('knew') convert back to simple present ('do you know') in direct questions.

Question 10. He enquired of his solicitor if he had found time to examine his documents.
Answer: He said to his solicitor, "Have you found time to examine my documents?" The pronouns are adjusted to reflect the client speaking to his solicitor.
In simple words: We change "enquired of" to "said to" and ask the question directly using "Have you".

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Enquired of' is converted back to 'said to' when followed by a personal object.

Question 11. He asked me kindly if I would have a cup of tea with him.
Answer: He said to me politely, "Will you have a cup of tea with me?" The word "kindly" indicates a polite offer, which is reflected in the direct question.
In simple words: We change "would I" to "will you" and "with him" to "with me" to show a direct invitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adverbs like 'kindly' or 'politely' describe the manner of speaking and should be omitted from the actual direct quote.

Question 12. My mother asked me why did not I sleep when I did not want to study any more.
Answer: My mother said to me, "Why do you not sleep when you do not want to study anymore?" The tenses are changed back to the present tense.
In simple words: We change "did not" to "do you not" and "I" to "you" to show the mother speaking directly to her child.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always match the pronouns to the listener when converting indirect speech back to direct speech.

Question 13. I asked the moneylender if he could lend me 5000/- for two months.
Answer: I said to the moneylender, "Can you lend me Rs. 5000/- for two months?" The modal "could" is changed back to "can" for the direct request.
In simple words: We change "asked" to "said to", remove "if", and change "could" to "can" to make a direct request.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to replace currency symbols with 'Rs.' as per the normalization rules, and change 'could' back to 'can'.

Question 14. The old woman requested the young man politely to give her the seat.
Answer: The old woman said to the young man, "Please give me the seat." The reporting verb "requested" and adverb "politely" are replaced by the word "Please" inside the quotation marks.
In simple words: When someone requests something, we use the word "Please" in direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: An indirect request using 'requested... to' is converted to an imperative sentence starting with 'Please' in direct speech.

Question 15. The patient requested the doctor very politely to examine him before his turn as he was feeling very restless.
Answer: The patient said to the doctor, "Please examine me before my turn as I am feeling very restless." The polite request is converted into an imperative sentence with "Please".
In simple words: We change "requested... politely" to "Please" and change "him" and "he" to "me" and "I".

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure all subordinate clauses ('as he was feeling') also have their pronouns and tenses updated ('as I am feeling') in direct speech.

Narration Exercise For Class 12 Exercise 3

Question 1. The leader requested the people to excuse him as he was really very late.
Answer: The leader said to the people, "Please excuse me as I am really very late." The request is converted to a direct imperative statement.
In simple words: We use "Please" to show a request, and change "him" to "me" and "he was" to "I am".

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert reporting verbs like 'requested' into 'said to' and introduce 'Please' in the direct speech.

Question 2. My guest requested me to pass him the butter as he was unable to get it.
Answer: My guest said to me, "Please pass me the butter as I am unable to get it." The pronouns are updated to reflect the guest's direct words.
In simple words: We change the indirect request into a polite direct command starting with "Please".

🎯 Exam Tip: Always check the tense in the subordinate clause; 'was unable' becomes 'am unable' in direct speech.

Question 3. The teacher forbade the students to make a noise till he came back in the class.
Answer: The teacher said to the students, "Do not make a noise till I come back in the class." The negative command "forbade... to" is converted to "Do not".
In simple words: "Forbade" means telling someone not to do something, so we use "Do not" in direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: The reporting verb 'forbade' indicates a negative command, which converts to 'Do not' or 'Don't' in direct speech.

Question 4. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The astrologer advised his customer to go to Shani temple every Saturday and worship Shani Dev sincerely for two years.
Answer: The astrologer said to his customer, "Go to Shani temple every Saturday and worship Shani Dev sincerely for two years." This direct instruction guides the devotee on how to perform their weekly prayers.
In simple words: We write the exact words the astrologer spoke. We put these words inside quotation marks and use 'said to' instead of 'advised'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that reporting verbs like 'advised' usually change to 'said to' in direct speech, followed by a comma and quotation marks.

Question 5. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The principal instructed the teachers to go to their classes at once as soon as the period started and not to leave the class before it ends.
Answer: The principal said to the teachers, "Go to your classes at once as soon as the period starts and do not leave the class before it ends." This direct order emphasizes the importance of punctuality and discipline in school.
In simple words: The principal's direct command is put inside quotation marks. We change 'instructed' to 'said to' and use the present tense for the direct command.

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative commands in indirect speech ('not to leave'), use 'do not' or 'don't' in direct speech.

Question 6. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The doctor advised the patient to get himself admitted to the hospital till he felt better.
Answer: The doctor said to the patient, "Get yourself admitted to the hospital till you feel better." This direct medical advice ensures the patient receives immediate care.
In simple words: We change 'himself' to 'yourself' and 'he felt' to 'you feel' because the doctor is speaking directly to the patient.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to pronouns and tenses; 'himself' changes to 'yourself' when addressing the listener directly.

Question 7. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The chemist advised the patient to wait till evening as that medicine was out of stock.
Answer: The chemist said to the patient, "Wait till evening as this medicine is out of stock." This direct statement explains the temporary unavailability of the prescribed drug.
In simple words: In direct speech, 'that medicine' becomes 'this medicine' and 'was' becomes 'is' because the chemist is speaking in the present moment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words showing distance like 'that' in indirect speech usually change back to near words like 'this' in direct speech.

Question 8. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The chief minister advised the other ministers to go to their constituencies and listen to the problems of the people.
Answer: The chief minister said to the other ministers, "Go to your constituencies and listen to the problems of the people." This direct directive encourages active public service and community engagement.
In simple words: We change 'their' to 'your' because the chief minister is speaking directly to the other ministers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always change third-person possessive pronouns like 'their' to second-person 'your' when the speaker is addressing the listeners directly.

Question 9. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
Our elders advise us to get up always early in the morning and walk in the open air for some time.
Answer: Our elders say to us, "Always get up early in the morning and walk in the open air for some time." This timeless advice promotes a healthy lifestyle and daily physical activity.
In simple words: Since the reporting verb 'advise' is in the present tense, we use 'say to' in the present tense for direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: If the reporting verb is in the present tense ('advise'/'say'), the tense inside the quotation marks does not change.

Question 10. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
We requested the librarian to give us the catalogue of fiction books in English.
Answer: We said to the librarian, "Please give us the catalogue of fiction books in English." This polite request helps readers locate their desired reading materials.
In simple words: The word 'requested' is replaced by 'said to' and we add 'Please' inside the quotation marks to show the polite request.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting a request, always add the word 'Please' inside the quotation marks to maintain the polite tone.

Question 11. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The receptionist requested the stranger to be seated and fill up that form correctly.
Answer: The receptionist said to the stranger, "Please be seated and fill up this form correctly." This polite instruction helps visitors complete their registration smoothly.
In simple words: We use 'Please' to show a request, and change 'that form' to 'this form' because the form is right there in front of them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change 'that' to 'this' when moving from indirect to direct speech to indicate immediate presence.

Question 12. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The tourist requested him to arrange an AC four seated taxi for him for four days and three nights.
Answer: The tourist said to him, "Please arrange an AC four-seater taxi for me for four days and three nights." This specific travel request ensures a comfortable journey for the visitor.
In simple words: We change 'requested' to 'said to', add 'Please', and change 'him' to 'me' because the tourist is talking about himself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pronouns must be adjusted carefully; 'him' changes to 'me' because the speaker is referring to themselves in the first person.

Question 13. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
All people advise us to respect our elders and obey our parents and teachers.
Answer: All people say to us, "Respect your elders and obey your parents and teachers." This universal moral teaching guides younger generations toward respectful living.
In simple words: We change 'our elders' and 'our parents' to 'your elders' and 'your parents' because the speakers are addressing us directly.

🎯 Exam Tip: For universal truths or general advice, the imperative form is used directly inside the quotation marks.

Direct Indirect Class 12 Exercise 4

Question 1. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The servant prayed his master that he might be allowed to enjoy his holiday.
Answer: The servant said to his master, "Please let me enjoy my holiday." This humble request highlights the worker's desire for a well-deserved break.
In simple words: The reporting verb 'prayed' indicates a very polite request, so we use 'Please let me' in direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'prayed' or 'begged' is used in indirect speech, use 'Please' or 'May I' in direct speech to show deep respect.

Question 2. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The students proposed the games teacher that they should play a match with the students of Shadilal college.
Answer: The students said to the games teacher, "Let us play a match with the students of Shadilal college." This exciting proposal aims to foster friendly competition between the two schools.
In simple words: When a sentence has 'proposed... that they should', we use 'Let us' (or 'Let's') in direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: A proposal or suggestion in indirect speech ('proposed/suggested that they should') is always converted using 'Let us' in direct speech.

Question 3. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The gardener suggested them to let him water the plants.
Answer: The gardener said to them, "Let me water the plants." This helpful suggestion ensures that the garden remains green and healthy.
In simple words: We change 'suggested them to let him' into direct speech by using 'Let me' inside the quotation marks.

🎯 Exam Tip: For suggestions involving 'let him/her', convert them to 'Let me' in direct speech if the speaker is referring to themselves.

Question 4. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
All the students proposed that they should finish their work as soon as possible.
Answer: All the students said, "Let us finish our work as soon as possible." This collective decision helps the group complete their tasks efficiently.
In simple words: 'Proposed that they should' is converted to 'Let us' in direct speech, and 'their work' becomes 'our work'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that possessive pronouns like 'their' are changed to 'our' when a group is speaking about themselves collectively.

Question 5. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
Prem requested his mother that he might be allowed to stay in the house till father returned.
Answer: Prem said to his mother, "Please let me stay in the house till father returns." This earnest request shows Prem's desire to remain safely at home.
In simple words: 'Requested... that he might be allowed to' is simplified to 'Please let me' in direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'might be allowed to' in indirect speech is typically converted to 'let me' or 'may I' in direct speech.

Question 6. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The magician suggested to the spectators that he might be allowed to prepare himself for the following show.
Answer: The magician said to the spectators, "Let me prepare myself for the next show." This polite request allows the performer to set up his tricks properly.
In simple words: We change 'suggested... that he might be allowed to' to 'Let me', and 'the following show' becomes 'the next show'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Time and place expressions like 'the following' in indirect speech change back to 'the next' or 'tomorrow' in direct speech.

Question 7. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The students requested the invigilator that they might be allowed to go outside as they had finished their work.
Answer: The students said to the invigilator, "Please let us go outside as we have finished our work." This polite request is made after completing their exam papers.
In simple words: We change 'requested... that they might be allowed to' to 'Please let us', and 'had finished' changes to 'have finished'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Past perfect tense ('had finished') in indirect speech often changes back to present perfect ('have finished') in direct speech.

Question 8. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The mother instructed her children to let her take a bath before she prepared the breakfast.
Answer: The mother said to her children, "Let me take a bath before I prepare the breakfast." This daily routine helps the mother organize her morning tasks efficiently.
In simple words: We change 'instructed' to 'said to', 'her' to 'me', and 'she prepared' to 'I prepare' to show the mother's direct words.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting indirect speech, make sure all pronouns ('her' to 'me', 'she' to 'I') match the speaker's perspective.

Question 9. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The nurse instructed the patient to let her give him an injection and medicines before he took lunch.
Answer: The nurse said to the patient, "Let me give you an injection and medicines before you take lunch." This professional care ensures the patient receives their treatment on schedule.
In simple words: We change 'her' to 'me', 'him' to 'you', and 'he took' to 'you take' because the nurse is speaking directly to the patient.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully map pronouns and tenses to ensure the direct speech sounds natural and grammatically correct.

Question 10. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The trainees proposed to their coach that they should laugh as much as they could.
Answer: The trainees said to their coach, "Let us laugh as much as we can." This lighthearted proposal helps build team spirit and reduce stress during training.
In simple words: 'Proposed... that they should' becomes 'Let us', and 'could' changes back to 'can' in direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Modal verbs like 'could' in indirect speech are changed back to 'can' in direct speech.

Question 11. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The singer requested the audience that he might be allowed to sing a song of his own choice.
Answer: The singer said to the audience, "Please let me sing a song of my own choice." This artistic request allows the performer to share a personal favorite with the crowd.
In simple words: We use 'Please let me' to replace 'requested... that he might be allowed to', and change 'his' to 'my'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always change third-person possessive pronouns ('his') to first-person ('my') when the speaker refers to themselves.

Question 12. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The doctor asked the patient to let him examine his tests. He added that then he would give his prescription.
Answer: The doctor said to the patient, "Let me examine your tests and then I will give you my prescription." This thorough medical examination is necessary before prescribing any treatment.
In simple words: We combine the two sentences into one direct statement, changing 'him' to 'me', 'his tests' to 'your tests', and 'would give' to 'will give'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When there are two connected sentences in indirect speech, they can often be combined into a single natural sentence in direct speech.

Question 13. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
The manager ordered them to let their director do what he thought proper.
Answer: The manager said to them, "Let your director do what he thinks proper." This administrative decision delegates authority to the director for better management.
In simple words: We change 'ordered' to 'said to', 'their' to 'your', and 'thought' to 'thinks' to represent the manager's direct words.

🎯 Exam Tip: Imperative sentences with 'ordered' are converted using direct commands or instructions inside quotation marks.

Question 14. Change the following sentence into Direct Speech:
Shama requested her mother that she might be permitted to decide her life partner herself.
Answer: Shama said to her mother, "Please let me decide my life partner myself." This personal request reflects Shama's desire for independence in making major life decisions.
In simple words: 'Requested... that she might be permitted to' becomes 'Please let me', and 'her' changes to 'my'.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'might be permitted to' is a polite request that translates directly to 'Please let me' or 'Please allow me to'.

Question 15.
Answer: The security guard suggested the visitor to let him seek the permission of the secretary before allowing him to enter.
In simple words: The guard advised the visitor to wait while he asked the secretary for permission to let him in.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting suggestions, use reporting verbs like 'suggested' or 'proposed' followed by an infinitive or 'that' clause.

Excellent English Grammar Book Class 12 Solutions Exercise 5

Question 1.
Answer: The husband exclaimed with wonder that she was extremely beautiful.
In simple words: The husband was amazed by her beauty and expressed his wonder.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'exclaimed with wonder' to report sentences that express surprise or admiration.

Question 2.
Answer: Addressing her son the mother exclaimed with sorrow that he had grown too weak.
In simple words: The mother sadly told her son that he looked very weak.

🎯 Exam Tip: When someone is addressed directly in an exclamation, use 'Addressing [person]' at the beginning of the indirect speech.

Question 3.
Answer: All the family members exclaimed with grief that their care taker had gone from this world forever.
In simple words: The family members sadly expressed that their caretaker had passed away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'exclaimed with grief' or 'exclaimed sorrowfully' for reporting sad news or deaths.

Question 4.
Answer: The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the battle.
In simple words: The captain happily announced that his team had won the fight.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words like 'Hurrah!' in direct speech are converted to 'exclaimed with joy' in indirect speech.

Question 5.
Answer: The teacher exclaimed with contempt that his student had stupid.
In simple words: The teacher expressed strong disapproval, calling the student foolish.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always retain the exact tense and structure of the reporting verb when converting to indirect speech.

Question 6.
Answer: Some students exclaimed with joy that they had been selected in CPMT.
In simple words: A few students happily shared the news that they got selected for CPMT.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the past perfect tense ('had been selected') is used when reporting a past action in indirect speech.

Question 7.
Answer: The mother exclaimed with joy that her baby was then out of danger.
In simple words: The mother was very happy to say that her baby was safe now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change time-denoting words like 'now' in direct speech to 'then' in indirect speech.

Question 8.
Answer: The sailors exclaimed with awe that the storm was too dangerous.
In simple words: The sailors expressed great fear and respect regarding how dangerous the storm was.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'exclaimed with awe' or 'exclaimed with fear' when reporting reactions to overwhelming natural forces.

Question 9.
Answer: The traveller exclaimed with surprise that it was a too’stony pathway, hence it was really very troublesome to walk on it.
In simple words: The traveler was surprised by how rocky the path was, making it very hard to walk on.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connective words like 'hence' and 'so' help maintain the logical flow of compound indirect sentences.

Question 10.
Answer: The examinees exclaimed with despair that the paper was too difficult.
In simple words: The students taking the exam sadly expressed that the test paper was extremely hard.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'exclaimed with despair' to report expressions of hopelessness or frustration.

Direct And Indirect Speech Exercises With Answers For Class 12 Exercise 6

Question 1.
Answer: The mahatma prayed for me that God might give me courage enough to bear that loss.
In simple words: The holy man prayed that God would give me the strength to handle my loss.

🎯 Exam Tip: For prayers, use the reporting verb 'prayed' and change 'may' to 'might'.

Question 2.
Answer: My father wished me that I might win the race.
In simple words: My father hoped and wished that I would win the race.

🎯 Exam Tip: Optative sentences expressing wishes are reported using 'wished' followed by a 'that' clause with 'might'.

Question 3.
Answer: The doctor wished the patient that he might recover soon.
In simple words: The doctor expressed his hope that the patient would get well quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure pronouns are changed correctly to match the person being addressed (e.g., 'he' for 'the patient').

Question 4.
Answer: The beggar wished me that I might live long and prosper.
In simple words: The beggar blessed me, wishing that I would have a long and successful life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Blessings are typically reported using 'wished' or 'prayed' with 'might' to show future possibility.

Question 5.
Answer: The teacher thanked the principal for sanctioning him long leave.
In simple words: The teacher expressed gratitude to the principal for approving his long leave.

🎯 Exam Tip: When direct speech contains 'Thank you', convert it directly into the reporting verb 'thanked'.

Question 6.
Answer: All the sons wish their grand father good morning.
In simple words: All the sons greeted their grandfather by wishing him a good morning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Greetings like 'Good morning' are reported using 'wished' or 'greeted'.

Question 7.
Answer: My nephew bade me good night and hoped to see me the next morning.
In simple words: My nephew said good night to me and said he hoped to see me tomorrow morning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'bade' for farewells like 'good night' or 'goodbye', and 'wished' for greetings like 'good morning'.

Question 8.
Answer: The citizens wished that their present prime minister might live long.
In simple words: The people wished for their current prime minister to have a long life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep the tense consistent throughout the sentence when reporting collective wishes.

Question 9.
Answer: A hermit wished me that I might progress in my spiritual practices.
In simple words: A holy man wished that I would do well in my spiritual journey.

🎯 Exam Tip: Maintain the spiritual or formal tone of the direct speech by choosing appropriate reporting verbs like 'wished'.

Question 10.
Answer: I wished my friend that he might secure the highest marks.
In simple words: I hoped and wished that my friend would get the top marks.

🎯 Exam Tip: When wishing someone success, use 'wished' followed by 'might' to express the desire.

Excellent General English Grammar Class 12 Solutions Exercise 7

Question 1.
Answer: Some students bade me good morning respectfully.
In simple words: Some students politely said good morning to me.

🎯 Exam Tip: Respectful terms in direct speech (like 'Sir') can be converted into the adverb 'respectfully' in indirect speech.

Question 2.
Answer: The servant thanked his master respectfully as he had helped him in his need.
In simple words: The servant politely thanked his master for helping him when he needed it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'as' or 'because' to connect the reason for thanking someone in indirect speech.

Question 3.
Answer: Calling a ivoman as his dear mother, the milkman told her that he always supplied her good milk.
In simple words: The milkman addressed the woman as his mother and assured her that he always gave her good milk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Address phrases like 'dear mother' are reported using the participle form 'Calling...'.

Question 4.
Answer: Netaji requested his loved countrymen too give him blood and he would give them freedom.
In simple words: Netaji asked his beloved countrymen to sacrifice for him, promising them freedom in return.

🎯 Exam Tip: For patriotic or emotional appeals, 'requested' or 'appealed to' are excellent choices for reporting verbs.

Question 5.
Answer: Calling him cruel, a man asked the police inspector why he was beating him for no offence.
In simple words: A man called the police inspector cruel and asked why he was being beaten without doing anything wrong.

🎯 Exam Tip: When an accusation is made, use a participle clause like 'Calling him cruel' to set the context before the main reported question.

Question 6.
Answer: The principal ordered the students to go to their class rooms as soon as the bell rang.
In simple words: The principal commanded the students to return to their classrooms immediately after the bell rang.

🎯 Exam Tip: For commands, use 'ordered' or 'commanded' followed by an infinitive ('to go').

Question 7. My father advised me to go for walking in the morning if I wanted to maintain my health.
Answer: My father advised me to go for walking in the morning if I wanted to maintain my health. Regular morning walks are highly beneficial for overall physical fitness.
In simple words: My father suggested that I should go for morning walks to keep myself healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting advice into indirect speech, use reporting verbs like 'advised' or 'suggested' followed by an infinitive ('to go').

Question 8. The speaker requested to stay there till his speech was over.
Answer: The speaker requested to stay there till his speech was over. He wanted the audience to remain seated and listen attentively until the end.
In simple words: The speaker asked everyone to remain in their places until he finished speaking.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'requested' for polite appeals in indirect speech, and ensure pronouns like 'his' match the speaker.

Question 9. The captain ordered his soldiers not to run away from the battlefield if they wanted to get honour.
Answer: The captain ordered his soldiers not to run away from the battlefield if they wanted to get honour. He emphasized that true bravery lies in facing the enemy.
In simple words: The captain commanded his soldiers to stand their ground and fight if they wanted to earn respect.

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative commands, use 'ordered... not to' instead of 'to not' to maintain correct grammatical structure.

Question 10. The servant told his mistress that he was a poor man and promised that he would serve her day and night.
Answer: The servant told his mistress that he was a poor man and promised that he would serve her day and night. He expressed his deep loyalty and dedication to her household.
In simple words: The servant explained to his mistress that he was poor and promised to work for her faithfully at all times.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting a promise, use reporting verbs like 'promised' followed by 'that' and the future-in-the-past tense ('would').

Up Board Solution Class 12 English Exercise 8

Question 1. Ram requested Shyam to come and tell him something. At this Shyam asked him what he wanted him to tell him. Ram answered that there was nothing special and he only wanted to know how many children had been born in Kolkata the previous day. Shyam answered that he couldn’t say and he was sure nobody would be able to give him that information.
Answer: Ram requested Shyam to come and tell him something. At this Shyam asked him what he wanted him to tell him. Ram answered that there was nothing special and he only wanted to know how many children had been born in Kolkata the previous day. Shyam answered that he couldn’t say and he was sure nobody would be able to give him that information. This conversation highlights a casual yet inquisitive exchange between two friends.
In simple words: Ram asked Shyam to tell him something, but when Shyam asked what, Ram said he just wanted to know how many babies were born in Kolkata yesterday. Shyam replied that he did not know and doubted anyone else would either.

🎯 Exam Tip: In long dialogue conversions, maintain the sequence of tenses carefully, changing present tenses to past tenses consistently.

Question 2. Mr. Sharma asked Arun when did he come from Kolkata. Arun answered respectfully that he had come the previous night. Mr. Sharma said that he was glad. He also said that he had not stayed there long and asked if his brother also had come back. Arun answered respectfully that he hadn’t because he was not well but he thought he would come in about a week.
Answer: Mr. Sharma asked Arun when did he come from Kolkata. Arun answered respectfully that he had come the previous night. Mr. Sharma said that he was glad. He also said that he had not stayed there long and asked if his brother also had come back. Arun answered respectfully that he hadn’t because he was not well but he thought he would come in about a week. The respectful tone of Arun is indicated by the use of polite reporting verbs.
In simple words: Mr. Sharma asked Arun when he returned from Kolkata, and Arun politely replied he arrived last night. Mr. Sharma was happy and asked if Arun's brother had also returned, to which Arun replied that his brother was unwell but would return in a week.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use words like 'respectfully' in indirect speech to represent terms of respect like 'Sir' or 'Madam' from the direct speech.

Question 3. Jack asked his father if he could go and play. Father asked him if he had finished his homework. Jack replied in the negative and that he could finish it afterwards. Disagreeing his father advised him to do his work first and play afterwards.
Answer: Jack asked his father if he could go and play. Father asked him if he had finished his homework. Jack replied in the negative and that he could finish it afterwards. Disagreeing his father advised him to do his work first and play afterwards. This classic parental advice emphasizes the importance of prioritizing duties over leisure.
In simple words: Jack asked his father if he could play, but his father asked if his homework was done. Jack said no and promised to do it later, but his father insisted he finish his work first.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a character says 'No', report it as 'replied in the negative' to sound formal and grammatically precise.

Question 4. Hari asked Ramesh where had he been so long and said that he was expecting him earlier. Addressing Hari as his friend Ramesh said that he was not to blame because P.S.D. training took a lot of their time and that was the parade day and that was why he could not come earlier.
Answer: Hari asked Ramesh where had he been so long and said that he was expecting him earlier. Addressing Hari as his friend Ramesh said that he was not to blame because P.S.D. training took a lot of their time and that was the parade day and that was why he could not come earlier. Ramesh explained his delay by citing his busy training schedule.
In simple words: Hari asked Ramesh why he was late since he was expecting him sooner. Ramesh called him a friend and explained that his P.S.D. parade training took up all his time, which is why he was delayed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a speaker addresses someone as 'friend', use the phrase 'addressing him as a friend' in the indirect narration.

Question 5. The doctor asked the patient how long had he been suffering from fever. The patient answered that the previous day he had to go to his village in rain and since then he had been suffering from fever. The doctor advised him to take that medicine regularly after an interval of three hours and further said that he would be alright in three days. At this the patient thanked the doctor respectfully.
Answer: The doctor asked the patient how long had he been suffering from fever. The patient answered that the previous day he had to go to his village in rain and since then he had been suffering from fever. The doctor advised him to take that medicine regularly after an interval of three hours and further said that he would be alright in three days. At this the patient thanked the doctor respectfully. The patient felt reassured by the doctor's clear instructions and positive outlook.
In simple words: The doctor asked the patient how long he had been sick. The patient explained he got wet in the rain while going to his village yesterday and caught a fever, so the doctor prescribed medicine to be taken every three hours and promised he would recover in three days.

🎯 Exam Tip: For time expressions, convert 'yesterday' to 'the previous day' and 'tomorrow' to 'the next day' when changing to indirect speech.

Up Board English Grammar Solution Class 12 Exercise 9

Question 1. The hunter proposed to his friend that they should take an aim as the lion was not far from them.
Answer: The hunter proposed to his friend that they should take an aim as the lion was not far from them. He wanted to ensure they were prepared for any sudden movement from the wild beast.
In simple words: The hunter suggested to his friend that they should aim their weapons because the lion was very close to them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting suggestions starting with 'Let us', use 'proposed to... that they should' in indirect speech.

Question 2. The ticket collector said not to hesitate because he could not go without showing his ticket.
Answer: The ticket collector said not to hesitate because he could not go without showing his ticket. He made it clear that rules must be followed by every passenger.
In simple words: The ticket collector told him not to hesitate because showing the ticket was mandatory for travel.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that negative commands are reported using 'not to' followed by the base verb.

Question 3. The Gita says that we should do our duty and should not think of its result.
Answer: The Gita says that we should do our duty and should not think of its result. This timeless spiritual teaching encourages selfless action without attachment to outcomes.
In simple words: The holy book Gita teaches us that we must focus on doing our work honestly without worrying about what we will get in return.

🎯 Exam Tip: For universal truths or statements from holy scriptures, keep the reporting verb and the tense of the indirect speech in the present tense.

Question 4. The rickshaw puller requested to call another rickshaw puller as his rickshaw was not in working order.
Answer: The rickshaw puller requested to call another rickshaw puller as his rickshaw was not in working order. A replacement was needed immediately to continue the journey.
In simple words: The rickshaw driver asked to call another driver because his own rickshaw was broken and not working.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting requests in indirect speech, use reporting verbs like 'requested' followed by an infinitive ('to call').

Question 5. The inspector asked the shopkeeper how he dared to weigh less to the people when they paid him full cost.
Answer: The inspector asked the shopkeeper how he dared to weigh less to the people when they paid him full cost. This was a serious violation of fair trade practices.
In simple words: The inspector questioned the shopkeeper about why he was cheating people by giving them less weight even though they paid the full price.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'asked' or 'enquired' for questions in indirect speech, and keep the question word ('how', 'why', 'what') to connect the clauses.

Question 6. The principal said that he should find another school for himself and need not come there at all.
Answer: The principal said that he should find another school for himself and need not come there at all. This decision was final and non-negotiable.
In simple words: The principal told the student to look for a different school and not to return to this one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure modal verbs like 'should' and 'need not' are maintained correctly when reporting advice or rules in indirect speech.

Question 7. The fish again requested to put it back in the water then and catch him again when it had grow up.
Answer: The fish again requested to put it back in the water then and catch him again when it had grow up. It hoped to escape immediate danger by promising a future catch.
In simple words: The fish begged to be thrown back into the water and caught later when it grew bigger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to pronouns and time words like 'then' (from 'now') when converting to indirect speech.

Question 8. Kaikeyi reminded her dear husband that he had promised to grant him two boons to be asked any time according to her choice.
Answer: Kaikeyi reminded her dear husband that he had promised to grant him two boons to be asked any time according to her choice. This reminder set off a chain of historic events.
In simple words: Kaikeyi reminded her husband of his old promise to give her two wishes whenever she wanted.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use reporting verbs like 'reminded' when a character is bringing a past promise or event to someone's attention.

Question 9. Dashratha told his dear queen that he remembered his promise very well and he could never forget that.
Answer: Dashratha told his dear queen that he remembered his promise very well and he could never forget that. He was committed to keeping his word at all costs.
In simple words: Dashratha assured his queen that he remembered his promise perfectly and would never break it.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting statements of assurance, 'told' followed by an object (like 'his dear queen') is the standard structure.

Question 10. The people prayed that God might grant him a long life to serve the country.
Answer: The people prayed that God might grant him a long life to serve the country. Their collective wish reflected their deep respect for him.
In simple words: The citizens prayed to God to give him a long life so he could continue helping the nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: For optative sentences expressing wishes or prayers, use 'prayed' or 'wished' followed by 'that' and 'might'.

Class 12 English Grammar Narration Exercise 10

Question 1. An old man said to his sons, “Do not quarrel among yourselves.”
Answer: An old man advised his sons not to quarrel among themselves. He wanted them to live in peace and unity.
In simple words: An old man told his sons that they should not fight with each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative commands starting with 'Do not', use 'advised/ordered... not to' or 'forbade... to' in indirect speech.

Question 2. I said to the postman, “Do you have any letter for me?”
Answer: I asked the postman if he had any letter for me. I was expecting an important delivery that day.
In simple words: I asked the postman if there was any mail for me.

🎯 Exam Tip: For yes/no questions, always use 'if' or 'whether' to connect the reporting verb with the reported speech.

Question 3. A saint said to me, “May God grant you a long life!”
Answer: A saint prayed that God might grant me a long life. His blessing filled me with peace and gratitude.
In simple words: A holy man blessed me and prayed that God would give me a long life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Change 'May' to 'might' and place it after the subject ('God') when converting optative sentences.

Question 4. The players said, “Hurrah ! We have won the match.”
Answer: The players exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. Their hard work and dedication had finally paid off.
In simple words: The players happily shouted that they had won the game.

🎯 Exam Tip: Replace exclamations like 'Hurrah!' with 'exclaimed with joy' to convey the correct emotion in indirect speech.

Question 5. He said to us, “Let us return home.”
Answer: He suggested to us that we should return home. It was getting late and the weather was turning cold.
In simple words: He proposed that we all go back home.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert 'Let us' sentences into suggestions using 'suggested to... that we/they should'.

Question 6. He said, “How costly the cloth is !”
Answer: He exclaimed that the cloth was very costly. The high price of the fabric surprised him greatly.
In simple words: He said with surprise that the fabric was extremely expensive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert exclamatory sentences starting with 'How' or 'What' into assertive sentences using words like 'very' or 'great'.

Question 7. The leader said to the people, “I thank you for all your help. I could not win the election without your help.”
Answer: The leader thanked the people for all their help and said that he could not have won the election without their help. He expressed his deep gratitude to the crowd.
In simple words: The leader thanked everyone for their support and said he couldn't have won the election without them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When 'thank you' is in direct speech, convert the reporting verb directly to 'thanked'.

Question 8. The teacher said to Moti, “Leave the classroom at once and do not return.”
Answer: The teacher ordered Moti to leave the classroom at once and not to return. The student's disruptive behavior left the teacher with no other choice.
In simple words: The teacher ordered Moti to get out of the classroom immediately and stay out.

🎯 Exam Tip: For commands and prohibitions, use 'ordered' and connect the actions with 'to [verb]' and 'not to [verb]'.

Question 9. The doctor said to me, “You are suffering from fever. You must be very careful in taking medicines.”
Answer: The doctor told me that I was suffering from fever and advised me that I must be very careful in taking medicines. He emphasized the importance of following the prescription strictly.
In simple words: The doctor told me I had a fever and warned me to take my medicines carefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a statement contains both a fact and advice, combine them smoothly using 'and advised that'.

Question 10. The principal said, “Boys, are you fully prepared for the examination?”
Answer: The principal asked the boys if they were fully prepared for the examination. He wanted to ensure they felt confident before the test started.
In simple words: The principal asked the students if they were completely ready for their exams.

🎯 Exam Tip: Address the vocative case ('Boys') by making it the object of the reporting verb ('asked the boys').

Narration Class 12th Exercise 11

(From U.P. Board Examination Papers). (2011)

Question 1.
(i) The captain applauded saying that he had won the match.
(ii) The teacher asked the student if he had completed his homework.
Answer:
(i) The captain applauded saying that he had won the match.
(ii) The teacher asked the student if he had completed his homework. These sentences demonstrate correct indirect reporting of exclamation and inquiry.
In simple words: The first sentence reports the captain's happy announcement about winning, and the second reports the teacher's question about homework.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always keep sub-part labels like (i) and (ii) intact and address them clearly in your final answer.

Question 2.
(i) The traveller asked the peasant if he could tell him the way to the nearest inn.
(ii) The peasant answered him in affirmative and asked him if he wanted the one in which he could spend the night.
Answer:
(i) The traveller asked the peasant if he could tell him the way to the nearest inn.
(ii) The peasant answered him in affirmative and asked him if he wanted the one in which he could spend the night. This exchange shows a polite conversation between a stranger and a local.
In simple words: A traveler asked a local farmer for directions to an inn, and the farmer said yes and asked if he needed a place to sleep.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Answered in the affirmative' is the standard indirect way to report a 'yes' response.

Question 3.
(i) Ashish asked how he liked his new house.
(ii) Sheela said that she had lost her watch.
Answer:
(i) Ashish asked how he liked his new house.
(ii) Sheela said that she had lost her watch. Both statements are correctly structured in indirect speech.
In simple words: Ashish asked someone's opinion about their new home, and Sheela reported that her watch was missing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure past simple tense in direct speech ('lost') is changed to past perfect ('had lost') in indirect speech.

Question 4.
(i) My father advised me to be punctual.
(ii) She advised that he must respect his parents.
Answer:
(i) My father advised me to be punctual.
(ii) She advised that he must respect his parents. These sentences show how moral advice is reported using the verb 'advised'.
In simple words: My father told me to always be on time, and she suggested that he should respect his parents.

🎯 Exam Tip: For advice, use the reporting verb 'advised' followed by an infinitive ('to be') or a 'that' clause with 'must' or 'should'.

Question 5.
Answer:
(i) She promised her friend to be rest assured and she would pay her back very soon. This shows proper usage of reporting verbs.
(ii) I complained that they had not treated me fairly.
In simple words: These sentences report a promise and a complaint in indirect speech, changing the original words to fit a past description.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to reporting verbs like 'promised' and 'complained' to accurately convey the tone of the original direct speech.

Question 6.
Answer:
(i) Addressing the cadets as the future sentinels of Mother India, the Director of the Military Academy, said that the country reposed great hope in them. He further advised them to work hard in a disciplined manner and come up to the expectations of the country. This formal address highlights the high expectations placed on the cadets.
(ii) The master asked the lazy servant as to what he was doing there in the backyard of the house.
In simple words: These sentences show how to report formal speeches and direct questions indirectly by adjusting pronouns and verbs.

🎯 Exam Tip: For complex sentences with introductory phrases (like 'Addressing the cadets...'), keep the introductory phrase at the beginning of your indirect sentence.

Question 7. (2012)
Answer:
(i) Manindra said that he did not know his name.
(ii) My teacher told me that he would have only a cup of tea because he was indisposed. This polite refusal explains his choice clearly.
In simple words: These sentences report simple statements in the past tense, changing 'will' to 'would' and 'am' to 'was'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting 'will' in direct speech, always change it to 'would' in indirect speech when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Question 8.
Answer:
(i) The chief ordered the soldiers not to leave the post.
(ii) He said that man is mortal. This statement remains in the present tense because it is a universal truth.
In simple words: The first sentence reports an order, while the second reports a universal truth which does not change its tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Universal truths or scientific facts (like 'man is mortal') do not change their tense even if the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Question 9.
Answer:
(i) Rahul bade Prashant good night and said that they would meet again the next day.
(ii) He exclaimed with grief that he had dropped his purse somewhere and it had a handsome amount of money. This exclamation highlights his deep distress over the lost funds.
In simple words: These sentences show how to report wishes (like 'good night') and exclamations of sadness in indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use reporting verbs like 'bade' for greetings/farewells and 'exclaimed with grief/joy' for exclamatory sentences to score full marks.

Question 10.
Answer:
(i) The wolf asked the lamb why he was making the water dirty.
(ii) The wolf warned the lamb that he had become very talkative and asked him to be silent otherwise he would eat him. This warning builds tension in the narrative.
In simple words: These sentences report a question and a warning from a story using indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'why' questions, do not use 'that' before the question word in indirect speech; simply use the question word itself.

Question 11.
Answer:
(i) She said that she liked her house.
(ii) I asked him if he was going. This simple inquiry clarifies his immediate plans.
In simple words: These sentences report a simple statement and a yes/no question in indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: For yes/no questions, always use 'if' or 'whether' to connect the reporting verb with the reported speech.

Question 12.
Answer:
(i) He suggested not to stop till we reached our goal.
(ii) He told me the previous day that he would return my book the next day. This promise shows his commitment to returning the borrowed item.
In simple words: These sentences report a suggestion and a promise about future actions using past reporting verbs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to convert time expressions: 'yesterday' becomes 'the previous day' and 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day' or 'the following day'.

Question 13. (2013)
Answer:
(i) Addressing the large gathering at Ramlila Maidan as his dear noble countrymen, Jawaharlal Nehru promised them that he would ever remain serving the cause of Mother India.
(ii) Hari asked Ram if he had completed his homework. Ram answered in negative. Hari asked him its reason. Ram answered that he could not complete his homework because he could not get time to complete it. This exchange highlights the common struggles of students with their daily tasks.
In simple words: These sentences report a formal public speech and a conversation between two friends about homework.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting a dialogue with short answers like 'No', convert it to 'answered in the negative' or 'replied that he had not'.

Question 14.
Answer:
(i) The teacher became angry with the student and asked why he had disturbed the class in that way and reminded him that he had told him before that when he was speaking, he should be silent. He further ordered him to leave the room and not to return again that day.
(ii) The robber told Alexander that he was his captive, he must hear what he was pleased to say and endure what he was pleased to inflict. He further said that his soul ws unconquered. This bold statement shows the captive's unbroken spirit despite his physical confinement.
In simple words: These are longer passages showing how to report complex conversations and commands in indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: For long dialogues, break down the sentences and use connecting words like 'and further added' or 'and reminded him' to maintain flow.

Question 15.
Answer:
(i) The chairman proposed that they should pass on to the next item.
(ii) The refugee woman requested the shopkeeper to help her starimg children. This urgent plea highlights her desperate situation.
In simple words: These sentences report a proposal made in a meeting and a polite request for help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'proposed' or 'suggested' for sentences starting with 'Let us', and 'requested' for polite requests starting with 'Please'.

Question 16.
Answer:
(i) He requested to let him go to zoo the next day.
(ii) She told her parents yesterday that she did not like physics. This honest confession explains her academic preferences.
In simple words: These sentences report a request to go somewhere and a statement about personal preferences.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that pronouns and time indicators (like 'tomorrow' to 'the next day') are correctly modified to match the indirect reporting style.

Question 17. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) Her mother enquired my age.
(ii) Jaya asked Ramesh as to wher did he live. These transformations accurately reflect the rules of reporting speech.
In simple words: These sentences show how to report what someone else said without using their exact words.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting questions to indirect speech, change the question form into an assertive statement and remove the question mark.

Question 18. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He said that he had lost his pen.
(ii) The union leader suggested that they should show the bosses that they were united. (2014) This demonstrates how to report statements and suggestions made in the past.
In simple words: We report past actions and suggestions by using reporting verbs like 'said' and 'suggested' followed by 'that'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For suggestions starting with "Let's", use the reporting verb "suggested" or "proposed" followed by "that they should".

Question 19. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The teacher asked the student why he had come so late that day?
(ii) The mother advised her daughter not to play outside in the sun. The reporting verbs are chosen to match the tone of the original utterances.
In simple words: We use 'asked' for questions and 'advised' for giving advice when reporting what someone said.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that indirect questions do not end with a question mark, though some texts mistakenly retain them. Always use a full stop in your exams.

Question 20. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The teacher said that the sun sets in the West.
(ii) He proposed that they should stop there and rest for a while. Notice how the universal truth remains unchanged in its tense.
In simple words: Universal truths like the sun setting in the west do not change their tense in indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Never change the tense of a universal truth or scientific fact when converting it into indirect speech.

Question 21. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) Sarla enquired of Vimala if she would call on her in the evening. Vimla replied in the affirmative.
(ii) John asked Richard whether he would go to school that day. Richard declined. At this John asked him its reason. Richard told John that he would not go because his mother was ill and he had to look after her. This complex dialogue is simplified into a clear narrative format.
In simple words: This shows how to report a full conversation, including short answers like 'yes' (replied in the affirmative) or 'no' (declined).

🎯 Exam Tip: For dialogue conversions, convert "yes" to "replied in the affirmative" and "no" to "replied in the negative" or "declined".

Question 22. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He said that he must go.
(ii) He said that I was a student. The pronouns are adjusted to maintain the correct perspective of the speaker.
In simple words: We report simple statements by using 'said that' and changing the pronouns to match the speaker.

🎯 Exam Tip: The modal verb "must" can remain "must" or change to "had to" in indirect speech depending on the context of obligation.

Question 23. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He said that that was his book.
(ii) He wished that I might have a happy journey. (2015) The use of double 'that' is grammatically correct in this context.
In simple words: When reporting a wish, we use 'wished', and 'this' changes to 'that', which is why we sometimes see 'that that' together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not get confused by double "that that" in indirect speech; the first is the conjunction and the second is the demonstrative pronoun.

Question 24. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) My father asked me why I was so eager to go to the picture that day.
(ii) He exclaimed that it was a good chance. Exclamatory sentences are converted into assertive statements in indirect speech.
In simple words: Exclamations are reported using 'exclaimed', and words like 'today' change to 'that day'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Change words expressing nearness in time or place (like 'today', 'this', 'here') to words expressing distance ('that day', 'that', 'there').

Question 25. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) My father asked my friend why he did not brought his father to them that day.
(ii) I proposed to my friend that we should go on a trip to the Punjab. The suggestions are reported using appropriate subjunctive structures.
In simple words: We use 'proposed' to report suggestions and 'asked why' to report questions starting with 'why'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the reporting verb matches the tone of the direct speech, such as using "proposed" for suggestions.

Question 26. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The teacher asked Ramesh where he was going.
(ii) He requested his father to let him attend the marriage party of his friend. Imperative sentences are converted using infinitive verbs.
In simple words: Requests are reported using 'requested' followed by 'to' and the verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: For imperative sentences expressing a request, use "requested" as the reporting verb and "to + verb" infinitive structure.

Question 27. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) Rajesh said that he had bought a car the previous day.
(ii) He wished that I might succeed. Time expressions are shifted to reflect the change in perspective.
In simple words: 'Yesterday' changes to 'the previous day' and wishes are reported using 'wished'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always convert time expressions like "yesterday" to "the previous day" or "the day before" in indirect speech.

Question 28. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He said that he must go.
(ii) He told me that I am happy. The reporting verb 'told' is used because an object is specified.
In simple words: We use 'told' when there is an object (like 'me') mentioned after the reporting verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "said" when no listener is mentioned, but change it to "told" when followed by an object (e.g., "told me").

Question 29. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) My teacher advised me to work hard and that I would surely succeed.
(ii) The beggar requested the passer-by to give him five rupees. The advice and request are reported using distinct infinitive constructions.
In simple words: Advice is reported using 'advised' and requests for help or money use 'requested'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting mixed sentences (advice + statement), connect them smoothly using conjunctions like "and that".

Question 30. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) I often tell my friends that they are all very dear to me.
(ii) I asked him if he had not promised to come. (2016) The present tense reporting verb prevents any change in the reported tense.
In simple words: If the reporting verb is in the present tense (like 'tell'), the tense of the reported speech does not change.

🎯 Exam Tip: If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense (e.g., "say", "tell", "will say"), do not change the tense of the reported speech.

Question 31. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The poor girl request him to help her in her hour of need.
(ii) The boy asked his teacher respectfully if he might enter the class. Polite expressions are converted into descriptive adverbs like respectfully.
In simple words: Polite requests to authority figures are reported using 'asked respectfully' or 'requested'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "respectfully" in indirect speech to replace polite terms like "Sir" or "Madam" from the direct speech.

Question 32. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He said that we are all sinners.
(ii) Ram said that he had a meeting last night. General statements about humanity do not require a tense shift.
In simple words: General truths about human nature (like being sinners) can remain in the present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Last night" should ideally be changed to "the previous night" or "the night before" in standard indirect speech.

Question 33. Convert the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) She will tell me that I am not sincere to her.
(ii) The devotee expressed sorrow, that his Guru was dead. The future tense of the reporting verb keeps the reported clause in the present tense.
In simple words: Future reporting verbs like 'will tell' do not change the tense of the reported statement.

🎯 Exam Tip: For exclamations of grief (like "Alas!"), use reporting expressions like "exclaimed with sorrow" or "expressed sorrow".

Question 34. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He said that God rules and governs all things.
(ii) He asked me why I had struck him. He explained his actions clearly.
In simple words: (i) We keep "rules and governs" in the present tense because it is a universal truth about God. (ii) We change the question into a statement and use "had struck" for the past action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that universal truths or habitual facts do not change their tense when converting from direct to indirect speech.

Question 35. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He exclaimed with joy that it was a very good opportunity.
(ii) He wished that his father might live long. Or He wished a long life for his father. Both forms are grammatically correct and convey the same meaning.
In simple words: (i) For happy exclamations, we use "exclaimed with joy". (ii) For prayers or wishes, we use "wished" and change "may" to "might".

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting optative sentences, "may" changes to "might" and the sentence structure becomes assertive.

Question 36. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The teacher asked me very angrily why I had come. He further asked if he had not told me, never to see (should be show) my face again.
(ii) He thanked me. (2017) This expresses gratitude in a direct and polite manner.
In simple words: (i) We use "asked very angrily" to show the teacher's mood and change the question to a statement. (ii) "Thank you" simply becomes "thanked me" in indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: For reporting verbs that express strong emotions like anger, adding adverbs like "angrily" helps retain the original tone of the speaker.

Question 37. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) I will say to the judge that he is innocent.
(ii) I told him that he should consider his decision. This advice was given to help him make a better choice.
In simple words: (i) If the reporting verb is in the future tense ("will say"), the tense of the reported speech does not change. (ii) "Should" remains unchanged in indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Never change the tense of the reported speech if the reporting verb is in the present or future tense.

Question 38. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The cricket team exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
(ii) He wished his friends good morning and asked how they were. This greeted them warmly before starting the conversation.
In simple words: (i) "Hurrah" or similar joyful cries are replaced by "exclaimed with joy". (ii) Greetings like "Good morning" are reported using the verb "wished".

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting greetings like "Good morning" or "Goodbye", use the reporting verb "wished" or "bade" respectively.

Question 39. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) She exclaimed with sorrow that how foolish she had been.
(ii) Ravi asked him whether he did write a good hand. This question inquired about his handwriting skills.
In simple words: (i) Regretful exclamations are reported with "exclaimed with sorrow". (ii) Yes/No questions are introduced using "if" or "whether".

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "whether" instead of "if" when there is a choice or alternative implied in the question.

Question 40. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The teacher said that the sun sets in the west.
(ii) My friend advised me not to bathe in the flooded river. This warning was crucial for my safety.
In simple words: (i) The fact that the sun sets in the west is a universal truth, so its tense does not change. (ii) For negative commands, we use "advised/told... not to".

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative imperative sentences, always use "not to" instead of "to not" to maintain correct grammatical structure.

Question 41. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He called him ruffian and threatended to take him to the police station.
(ii) He wished his friend good morning and asked how he was. This friendly greeting helped ease the tension.
In simple words: (i) Calling someone a name is reported using "called him [noun]". (ii) "Good morning" is reported with "wished", and the question is changed to an assertive statement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a speaker calls someone by a term (like "ruffian" or "liar"), use the structure "called him/her + noun" in indirect speech.

Question 42. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) Addressing the ladies and gentlemen, the leader said that he was thankful to all of them.
(ii) Sudha asked me whether I did not love her. She wanted to know my true feelings.
In simple words: (i) When addressing a crowd, we use "Addressing them as...". (ii) Negative questions are reported using "asked... whether/if" followed by the negative statement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Formal addresses like "Ladies and Gentlemen" are best converted using the participle phrase "Addressing them as...".

Question 43. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He said that he was misled.
(ii) His father exclaimed with joy that he had secured distinction in three subjects. This achievement brought great pride to the entire family.
In simple words: (i) Simple past tense changes to past perfect or remains simple past depending on context, but here "was misled" is passive voice. (ii) Joyful news is reported with "exclaimed with joy".

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that passive voice structures in direct speech maintain their passive form when converted to indirect speech.

Question 44. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) He proposed that they (we) should not say anything about it till they hear the facts. (2018)
(ii) The doctor advised the patient not to eat fried substances. This dietary restriction was meant to improve the patient's health.
In simple words: (i) Sentences starting with "Let us" are reported using "proposed/suggested that they/we should". (ii) A doctor's recommendation is reported using "advised".

🎯 Exam Tip: "Let's" or "Let us" in direct speech should always be converted to "proposed that... should" or "suggested that... should".

Question 45. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) The stranger asked me where I live.
(ii) He exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone. This expression showed his complete state of helplessness.
In simple words: (i) Wh-questions keep the question word ("where") as the connector. (ii) "Alas! I am undone" is reported as "exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone".

🎯 Exam Tip: Exclamations like "Alas!" are replaced by "exclaimed with sorrow/grief" to convey the sad tone of the speaker.

Question 46. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
Answer:
(i) All the boys applauded us saying that our game was excellent.
(ii) The Principal asked the boy why he was still waiting there when he had already told him that he was so busy that he could not see him that day. The boy listened quietly to the Principal's explanation.
In simple words: (i) "Bravo!" is reported using "applauded... saying that". (ii) Words showing nearness like "here" and "today" change to "there" and "that day" in indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember to change time and place indicators (like "today" to "that day", "here" to "there") when converting to indirect speech.