UP Board Solutions Class 11 English Chapter 1 Direct and Indirect Narration

Excellent General English Grammar Book Class 11 Solutions Direct And Indirect Narration Exercises

English Grammar Class 11 UP Board Exercise 1

Question 1. My mother says that she has become very old.
Answer: My mother says that she has become very old.
In simple words: This sentence is already in indirect speech and uses a reporting verb in the present tense, so the tense of the reported speech does not change.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the reported speech remains unchanged.

Question 2. The teacher tells me that I am a good student.
Answer: The teacher tells me that I am a good student.
In simple words: The sentence is already in indirect speech, and the reporting verb "tells" is in the present tense, maintaining the original tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the tense of the reporting verb; present tense reporting verbs mean no change in the tense of the reported statement.

Question 3. Gita will say that she will not go to her school that day.
Answer: Gita will say that she will not go to her school that day.
In simple words: This sentence is in indirect speech, and the future tense reporting verb "will say" means the tense inside the reported clause remains the same.

🎯 Exam Tip: Future tense reporting verbs also prevent tense changes in the reported speech, similar to present tense reporting verbs.

Question 4. Lipika will tell me that she is my true friend.
Answer: Lipika will tell me that she is my true friend.
In simple words: The reporting verb "will tell" is in the future tense, so the verb in the reported speech ("is") does not change its tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consistency in tense is key; future tense reporting verbs imply that the original statement's tense holds in indirect narration.

Question 5. They said that they were the citizens of India.
Answer: They said that they were the citizens of India.
In simple words: The sentence is in indirect speech, where the past tense reporting verb "said" correctly shifted the reported verb to its past equivalent.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the reported speech usually changes to its corresponding past form.

Question 6. The leader is saying that he will make our city beautiful.
Answer: The leader is saying that he will make our city beautiful.
In simple words: The reporting verb "is saying" is in the present continuous tense, indicating that the reported speech's tense should not change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Continuous present tense reporting verbs also follow the rule of no tense change in the reported speech.

Question 7. You told your father that you would go for a walk daily.
Answer: You told your father that you would go for a walk daily.
In simple words: This sentence is already in indirect speech, with "told" as the past tense reporting verb, correctly transforming "will" to "would".

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change "will" to "would" and "shall" to "should" when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Question 8. The teacher said that that student never came to school in time.
Answer: The teacher said that that student never came to school in time.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" is in the past tense, and the simple past tense in reported speech (came) remains unchanged if it signifies a habitual or historical fact.

🎯 Exam Tip: Universal truths, habitual actions, or historical facts generally do not change tense even if the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Question 9. I told them that they should not fear from me.
Answer: I told them that they should not fear from me.
In simple words: The sentence is in indirect speech, and "told" (past tense) correctly renders "should" which is already a past modal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Modals like "should," "would," "could," "might," and "ought to" do not change in indirect speech.

Question 10. Ramesh told me that honesty is the best policy.
Answer: Ramesh told me that honesty is the best policy.
In simple words: Even though the reporting verb "told" is past tense, the reported statement is a universal truth, so its tense ("is") remains unchanged.

🎯 Exam Tip: General truths, proverbs, or scientific facts expressed in the reported speech do not undergo tense changes.

Question 11. The student told the teacher that he could not come to him in the evening.
Answer: The student told the teacher that he could not come to him in the evening.
In simple words: The past tense reporting verb "told" correctly changes "can" to "could" in the indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change "can" to "could" and "may" to "might" when converting from direct to indirect speech with a past reporting verb.

Question 12. He told me that he would lend me his book only for five days.
Answer: He told me that he would lend me his book only for five days.
In simple words: The sentence is in indirect speech, with "told" as the past reporting verb, correctly changing "will" to "would".

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure all time and place references (like "tomorrow" to "the next day", "here" to "there") are also converted appropriately, though not explicitly shown here.

Class 11 English Grammar Solution UP Board Exercise 2

Question 1. The boy told Mahmood that the kite had gone.
Answer: The boy told Mahmood that the kite had gone.
In simple words: This is already in indirect speech, where the simple past "went" would have become past perfect "had gone" after a past reporting verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple past tense in direct speech changes to past perfect tense in indirect speech when the reporting verb is in the past.

Question 2. The old man told his son that he should have another kite.
Answer: The old man told his son that he should have another kite.
In simple words: The sentence is in indirect speech, correctly using "should have" as "should" does not change its form.

🎯 Exam Tip: Modal verbs like "should" do not change form when converting to indirect speech.

Question 3. Shatakshi told her husband that that day she would prepare good sweets for him.
Answer: Shatakshi told her husband that that day she would prepare good sweets for him.
In simple words: The reporting verb "told" (past tense) changed "today" to "that day" and "will" to "would" in the indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change time expressions like "today" to "that day" when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Question 4. The teacher told the boys that they should learn their lesson daily.
Answer: The teacher told the boys that they should learn their lesson daily.
In simple words: The sentence is in indirect speech, where "should" remains unchanged after the past tense reporting verb "told".

🎯 Exam Tip: Commands or advice often use "should" or "to" plus infinitive in indirect speech.

Question 5. The President will say that India will be a very powerful country soon.
Answer: The President will say that India will be a very powerful country soon.
In simple words: The future tense reporting verb "will say" ensures that no tense changes occur in the reported speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always check the tense of the reporting verb first, as it dictates whether tense changes are necessary in the reported clause.

Question 6. The teacher told the guardian that his son did not attend his class daily.
Answer: The teacher told the guardian that his son did not attend his class daily.
In simple words: The sentence is in indirect speech, where "did not attend" (simple past) would remain if the action was habitual. If it was present indefinite, it would change to simple past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Habitual actions, even in past tenses, may sometimes retain their form if the context implies continued relevance.

Question 7. The manager told the clerk that he had not finished his work the previous day.
Answer: The manager told the clerk that he had not finished his work the previous day.
In simple words: The past tense reporting verb "told" changed "did not finish" (simple past) to "had not finished" (past perfect) and "yesterday" to "the previous day".

🎯 Exam Tip: Be meticulous with changing both tenses (simple past to past perfect) and time expressions ("yesterday" to "the previous day").

Question 8. The peon told his boss that he was very thankful to him for his favour.
Answer: The peon told his boss that he was very thankful to him for his favour.
In simple words: The reporting verb "told" (past tense) changed "am" to "was" in the indirect speech, and pronouns were adjusted.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pronoun changes are crucial; ensure they match the speaker and listener in the indirect speech context.

Question 9. The judge told the prisoner that he could not forgive him that time.
Answer: The judge told the prisoner that he could not forgive him that time.
In simple words: The reporting verb "told" (past tense) changed "cannot" to "could not" and "this time" to "that time" in the indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words indicating proximity like "this" and "now" should be changed to words indicating distance like "that" and "then" respectively.

Question 10. The players are saying that they do not accept that man as the captain of their team.
Answer: The players are saying that they do not accept that man as the captain of their team.
In simple words: The reporting verb "are saying" (present continuous) means the tense of the reported speech remains unchanged.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present continuous reporting verbs, like present and future simple verbs, do not necessitate tense changes in the reported clause.

Excellent English Grammar Book Class 11 UP Board Exercise 3

Question 1. Pramod said that it was very hot but the cooler was out of order.
Answer: Pramod said that it was very hot but the cooler was out of order.
In simple words: This sentence is in indirect speech. The reporting verb "said" (past tense) correctly changed "is" to "was" in the reported clause.

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple present tense in direct speech changes to the simple past tense in indirect speech if the reporting verb is in the past.

Question 2. He said that the noise of passing vehicles distracted his attention.
Answer: He said that the noise of passing vehicles distracted his attention.
In simple words: The sentence is in indirect speech, where "distracted" (simple past) would remain as is, or change to past perfect depending on context if it was "distracts" (present simple). Here it is given as simple past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with verbs that already imply a past action; simple past can sometimes remain simple past or change to past perfect.

Question 3. He said that it was not so cold that day as it was the previous day.
Answer: He said that it was not so cold that day as it was the previous day.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" (past tense) correctly converted "today" to "that day" and "yesterday" to "the previous day".

🎯 Exam Tip: Time expressions must be consistently shifted (e.g., "today" to "that day," "yesterday" to "the previous day," "tomorrow" to "the next day").

Question 4. The school boy said that he had tried to do the sum many times but he hadn't got the correct solution till then.
Answer: The school boy said that he had tried to do the sum many times but he hadn't got the correct solution till then.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" (past tense) changed "have tried" to "had tried" (present perfect to past perfect) and "haven't got" to "hadn't got", also changing "now" to "then" implicitly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present perfect tense in direct speech changes to past perfect tense in indirect speech when the reporting verb is in the past.

Question 5. The electrician said that the fuse had blown and he would have to mend that.
Answer: The electrician said that the fuse had blown and he would have to mend that.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" (past tense) changed "has blown" to "had blown" (present perfect to past perfect) and "will have to" to "would have to".

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert present perfect to past perfect and "will" to "would" when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Question 6. My neighbour said that some burglars had broken into his house the previous night and had taken away all the cash and ornaments.
Answer: My neighbour said that some burglars had broken into his house the previous night and had taken away all the cash and ornaments.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" (past tense) changed "broke" to "had broken" (simple past to past perfect) and "last night" to "the previous night".

🎯 Exam Tip: Always change simple past to past perfect and modify time references like "last night" to "the previous night".

Question 7. The Inspector of Schools said that the Minister of Education would be inaugurating the Youth Rally that day.
Answer: The Inspector of Schools said that the Minister of Education would be inaugurating the Youth Rally that day.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" (past tense) changed "will be inaugurating" to "would be inaugurating" (future continuous to conditional continuous) and "today" to "that day".

🎯 Exam Tip: Future continuous tense changes to conditional continuous in indirect speech with a past reporting verb.

Question 8. The student said that he was intending to opt History, but he had then decided to study political science instead.
Answer: The student said that he was intending to opt History, but he had then decided to study political science instead.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" (past tense) changed "am intending" to "was intending" (present continuous to past continuous) and "have decided" to "had decided" (present perfect to past perfect).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to shift present continuous to past continuous and present perfect to past perfect when the reporting verb is in the past.

Question 9. The girl said that she had been waiting for a message from home since the previous evening and it might arrive any moment.
Answer: The girl said that she had been waiting for a message from home since the previous evening and it might arrive any moment.
In simple words: The reporting verb "said" (past tense) changed "have been waiting" to "had been waiting" (present perfect continuous to past perfect continuous) and "may" to "might".

🎯 Exam Tip: Present perfect continuous changes to past perfect continuous, and "may" changes to "might" in indirect speech with a past reporting verb.

Question 10. The principal told the parents that if their son secured high percentage of marks that year, he could sit for the Talent Search Examination next year.
Answer: The principal told the parents that if their son secured high percentage of marks that year, he could sit for the Talent Search Examination next year.
In simple words: The reporting verb "told" (past tense) changed "this year" to "that year", and "can" to "could", and "next year" to "the following year" (though here it's "next year").

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with conditional sentences and future time references; "this year" becomes "that year" and "next year" usually becomes "the following year" or "the year after".

UP Board English Grammar Book Class 11 Exercise 4

Question 1. The booking clerk asked if he had a fifty paisa coin.
Answer: The booking clerk asked if he had a fifty paisa coin.
In simple words: This is an indirect question. The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changes "do you have" to "if he had" and adjusts the pronoun.

🎯 Exam Tip: In indirect questions, "if" or "whether" is used, and the sentence structure becomes assertive (subject + verb).

Question 2. He asked me if I would go to Delhi that day with him.
Answer: He asked me if I would go to Delhi that day with him.
In simple words: The sentence is an indirect question. "Asked" (past tense) changes "will you go" to "if I would go" and "today" to "that day".

🎯 Exam Tip: "Will" changes to "would" and "today" to "that day" in indirect questions with a past reporting verb.

Question 3. The students asked me if I could tell them the easiest way to solve that sum.
Answer: The students asked me if I could tell them the easiest way to solve that sum.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "can you tell" to "if I could tell" and adjusted pronouns and "this" to "that".

🎯 Exam Tip: "Can" changes to "could" and "this" to "that" in indirect questions when the reporting verb is in the past.

Question 4. The frogs asked the boys were they not ashamed of throwing stones at them.
Answer: The frogs asked the boys were they not ashamed of throwing stones at them.
In simple words: This is an indirect question. "Asked" (past tense) converted "are you not ashamed" to "were they not ashamed", changing verb tense and pronouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: In interrogative sentences, the question form changes to an assertive form in indirect speech.

Question 5. My friend asked if I went for a walk daily in the morning.
Answer: My friend asked if I went for a walk daily in the morning.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "do you go" to "if I went" (simple present to simple past).

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple present tense in a direct question typically changes to simple past in an indirect question.

Question 6. My teacher asked me did I not see the Taj in Agra last year.
Answer: My teacher asked me did I not see the Taj in Agra last year.
In simple words: The sentence is an indirect question. "Asked" (past tense) changed "did you not see" to "if I had not seen" or "did I not see" and "last year" to "the previous year". The use of "did I not see" might be an alternative form for past tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple past in an interrogative usually changes to past perfect in indirect speech ("did...see" to "had...seen"). The given answer "did I not see" retains simple past, which is less common but sometimes acceptable for historical context if the original question was "Did you not see...".

Question 7. My mother asked me if would serve her in her old age.
Answer: My mother asked me if would serve her in her old age.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "will you serve" to "if I would serve" and adjusted the pronoun "her".

🎯 Exam Tip: "Will" in a direct question becomes "would" in an indirect question after a past reporting verb.

Question 8. The criminal asked the police officer if he would not pardon him for his offence.
Answer: The criminal asked the police officer if he would not pardon him for his offence.
In simple words: The sentence is an indirect question. "Asked" (past tense) changed "will you not pardon" to "if he would not pardon" and adjusted pronouns.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure proper pronoun changes and "will" to "would" transformation for indirect questions.

Question 9. A stranger asked me if my mother was cooking food in the kitchen.
Answer: A stranger asked me if my mother was cooking food in the kitchen.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "is your mother cooking" to "if my mother was cooking" (present continuous to past continuous).

🎯 Exam Tip: Present continuous tense in a direct question changes to past continuous tense in an indirect question.

Question 10. A passenger asked the station master if the train for Delhi had not arrived then.
Answer: A passenger asked the station master if the train for Delhi had not arrived then.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "has the train not arrived now" to "if the train had not arrived then" (present perfect to past perfect).

🎯 Exam Tip: Present perfect tense changes to past perfect tense, and "now" changes to "then" in indirect questions.

Question 11. The teacher asked me if I could prove that the earth is round.
Answer: The teacher asked me if I could prove that the earth is round.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "can you prove" to "if I could prove". The universal truth "the earth is round" remains unchanged.

🎯 Exam Tip: Universal truths do not change tense in reported speech, regardless of the reporting verb's tense.

Question 12. I asked my friend if he had brought his class notes there.
Answer: I asked my friend if he had brought his class notes there.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "have you brought" to "if he had brought" (present perfect to past perfect) and "here" to "there".

🎯 Exam Tip: Always convert present perfect to past perfect and proximity adverbs like "here" to "there" in indirect speech.

Class 11 English Grammar Solution Exercise 5

Question 1. My mother asked me why I was reading a novel.
Answer: My mother asked me why I was reading a novel.
In simple words: This is an indirect question. The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "Why are you reading" to "why I was reading" (present continuous to past continuous).

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'wh'-questions, the 'wh'-word acts as the conjunction, and the sentence structure becomes assertive.

Question 2. The beggar asked me why I didn't help him.
Answer: The beggar asked me why I didn't help him.
In simple words: The sentence is an indirect question. "Asked" (past tense) changes "Why don't you help" to "why I didn't help" (simple present to simple past).

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple present questions using "do/don't" change to simple past without "do/don't" in indirect speech.

Question 3. I asked the man why he did not bring fresh vegetables.
Answer: I asked the man why he did not bring fresh vegetables.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "Why did you not bring" to "why he did not bring" (simple past to simple past, or past perfect if interpreted as "had not brought").

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple past questions can either remain simple past or change to past perfect in indirect speech, depending on context and preference.

Question 4. Your friend asked me which serial did I see the previous night.
Answer: Your friend asked me which serial did I see the previous night.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "Which serial did you see last night" to "which serial I had seen the previous night" or "did I see the previous night". The given answer retains simple past.

🎯 Exam Tip: While simple past typically becomes past perfect, sometimes it can remain simple past in indirect speech, especially if the sequence of events is clear.

Question 5. Bharat asked his mother where his elder brother had gone.
Answer: Bharat asked his mother where his elder brother had gone.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) changed "Where has your elder brother gone" to "where his elder brother had gone" (present perfect to past perfect).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to convert present perfect tense to past perfect tense in indirect questions.

Question 6. The principal asked the peon why he came late everyday.
Answer: The principal asked the peon why he came late everyday.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "Why do you come late everyday" to "why he came late everyday" (simple present to simple past).

🎯 Exam Tip: Consistent actions described by simple present in direct speech become simple past in indirect speech.

Question 7. The players asked the captain when would he allow their team to play.
Answer: The players asked the captain when would he allow their team to play.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "When will you allow our team to play" to "when he would allow their team to play".

🎯 Exam Tip: "Will" changes to "would" and pronouns adjust in indirect questions.

Question 8. My father asked me which book I liked most.
Answer: My father asked me which book I liked most.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "Which book do you like most" to "which book I liked most" (simple present to simple past).

🎯 Exam Tip: When the direct question is simple present, the indirect question typically uses simple past tense.

Question 9. The magician asked what they had in their pockets.
Answer: The magician asked what they had in their pockets.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "What do you have in your pockets" to "what they had in their pockets" (simple present to simple past).

🎯 Exam Tip: Pronouns and verb tenses must be adjusted to reflect the change from direct to indirect speech.

Question 10. The policeman asked the thief how had he entered that house.
Answer: The policeman asked the thief how had he entered that house.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "How did you enter this house" to "how he had entered that house" (simple past to past perfect) and "this" to "that".

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple past questions become past perfect in indirect speech, and demonstratives like "this" change to "that".

Question 11. She asked when the milkman came everyday.
Answer: She asked when the milkman came everyday.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "When does the milkman come everyday" to "when the milkman came everyday" (simple present to simple past).

🎯 Exam Tip: Daily routines or habitual actions in direct speech (simple present) are converted to simple past in indirect speech.

Question 12. I asked the receptionist how much did he charge for a single room per day.
Answer: I asked the receptionist how much did he charge for a single room per day.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) converted "How much do you charge" to "how much he charged" (simple present to simple past). The given answer "did he charge" is also acceptable for past action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the indirect question uses an assertive structure (subject + verb) after the 'wh'-word.

Class 11 English Grammar UP Board Exercise 6

Question 1. The fox requested the crow to sing him a song.
Answer: The fox requested the crow to sing him a song.
In simple words: This is an indirect imperative. "Requested" is used for polite commands, and "to" + infinitive replaces the direct command.

🎯 Exam Tip: For requests, use reporting verbs like "requested" or "begged" and convert the command into an infinitive phrase (to + verb).

Question 2. The teacher asked the boys to sit down and do their work.
Answer: The teacher asked the boys to sit down and do their work.
In simple words: The reporting verb "asked" (past tense) is used for a polite command, and the command is expressed using "to" + infinitive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Commands are often converted using 'to' or 'not to' plus the infinitive form of the verb.

Question 3. The master ordered the servant to go to the market and bring some oil.
Answer: The master ordered the servant to go to the market and bring some oil.
In simple words: "Ordered" is used for a direct command, and the action is converted into an infinitive phrase.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "ordered," "commanded," or "told" as reporting verbs for commands, followed by the object and 'to' + infinitive.

Question 4. The teacher asked the students not to make a noise in the class.
Answer: The teacher asked the students not to make a noise in the class.
In simple words: For negative commands, "not to" + infinitive is used after the reporting verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Negative commands are formed by placing "not" before "to" in the infinitive phrase.

Question 5. All people advise never to tell a lie.
Answer: All people advise never to tell a lie.
In simple words: "Advise" is the reporting verb, and "never to tell" expresses the strong negative advice. The tense of "advise" is present, so no change in the reported verb tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: General advice or universal truths in imperative sentences may use reporting verbs like "advise" and retain their original truth in indirect form.

Question 6. The teacher advised Ram to work-hard and do his best.
Answer: The teacher advised Ram to work-hard and do his best.
In simple words: "Advised" is the reporting verb for the advice, and the actions "work-hard" and "do his best" are converted to infinitive phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting advice, use "advised" and follow with 'to' + infinitive for the action verbs.

Question 7. The commander commanded the soldiers to go ahead and face the enemy bravely.
Answer: The commander commanded the soldiers to go ahead and face the enemy bravely.
In simple words: "Commanded" is used for military orders, and the actions are expressed as infinitive phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Strong orders or commands should use reporting verbs like "commanded" or "ordered."

Question 8. The thief requested the policeman to excuse him that time for his offence.
Answer: The thief requested the policeman to excuse him that time for his offence.
In simple words: "Requested" is used for a polite plea, and "this time" is changed to "that time".

🎯 Exam Tip: For polite requests, use "requested" and remember to change demonstratives like "this" to "that."

Question 9. The invigilator asked the students to stop writing and deposit their answer books at once.
Answer: The invigilator asked the students to stop writing and deposit their answer books at once.
In simple words: "Asked" is used for an instruction, and the actions are converted into infinitive phrases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Instructions are often converted using "asked" or "told" with an infinitive phrase.

Question 10. The students requested the class teacher to mark them present that day and punish them if they were late again.
Answer: The students requested the class teacher to mark them present that day and punish them if they were late again.
In simple words: "Requested" is used for a polite request, and "today" is changed to "that day". The conditional clause is maintained.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that conditional clauses within reported speech are handled correctly, often retaining their structure with necessary pronoun and tense shifts.

Narration Exercise For Class 11 Exercise 7

Question 1. The patient requested to let him take some water first.
Answer: The patient requested to let him take some water first.
In simple words: "Requested" is used for a polite request, and "let him" is directly integrated into the infinitive structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Let" constructions can often be converted using "requested... to let" or "suggested that... should be allowed to."

Question 2. The judge asked to let him hear his case patiently.
Answer: The judge asked to let him hear his case patiently.
In simple words: "Asked" here serves as a polite command, and "to let him hear" keeps the original meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: For formal contexts, "asked" can function as a soft command or instruction.

Question 3. The students proposed that they should enjoy their holidays freely.
Answer: The students proposed that they should enjoy their holidays freely.
In simple words: "Proposed" is used for suggestions, and the "should" construction correctly reflects the proposal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Sentences beginning with "Let's" in direct speech are usually converted using "proposed that" or "suggested that" followed by "should."

Question 4. I proposed to my friend to study English jointly.
Answer: I proposed to my friend to study English jointly.
In simple words: "Proposed to" is used for a suggestion made to someone, followed by an infinitive phrase.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Proposed to" followed by an object and "to" + infinitive is another way to express suggestions in indirect speech.

Question 5. The people suggested that they should pray to God for peace in the country.
Answer: The people suggested that they should pray to God for peace in the country.
In simple words: "Suggested that" followed by a subject and "should" is the standard way to convert suggestions into indirect speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "suggested that + subject + should" for proposals that include the speaker and others.

Question 6. The two cats proposed to the monkey that they should settle their dispute themselves.
Answer: The two cats proposed to the monkey that they should settle their dispute themselves.
In simple words: "Proposed to" followed by the object and "that they should" structure correctly conveys the suggestion.

🎯 Exam Tip: When proposing a joint action, ensure pronouns and reflexive pronouns (themselves) are adjusted correctly.

Question 7. Sunil requested his teacher to let him go home and take rest for some time.
Answer: Sunil requested his teacher to let him go home and take rest for some time.
In simple words: "Requested" is used for a polite request, and "to let him go" converts the direct "let me go" command.

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert "let me" requests using "requested (someone) to let (him/her/them)."

Question 8. The doctor advised to let that woman weep as much as she could.
Answer: The doctor advised to let that woman weep as much as she could.
In simple words: "Advised" is used for advice, and "let" is integrated into the structure. "Could" remains unchanged.

🎯 Exam Tip: Advice involving "let" can often be rendered using "advised to let" or "suggested that... be allowed to."

Question 9. Socrates requested to let him die like a brave man.
Answer: Socrates requested to let him die like a brave man.
In simple words: "Requested" is used for the plea, and "to let him die" directly conveys the wish.

🎯 Exam Tip: For profound or philosophical statements, maintain the gravitas of the original thought even after conversion.

Question 10. Sarla proposed to let her do what she liked.
Answer: Sarla proposed to let her do what she liked.
In simple words: "Proposed" is used for the suggestion. "Let her do" combined with "what she liked" (simple past) reflects the original direct speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: When using "proposed to let," ensure the following clause maintains appropriate tense and pronoun shifts.

Question 11. All the students said that they should finish their work as soon as possible.
Answer: All the students said that they should finish their work as soon as possible.
In simple words: "Said that" introduces the statement, and "should finish" appropriately conveys the sense of obligation or suggestion.

🎯 Exam Tip: General statements of obligation or necessity often use "should" or "must" (which can change to "had to") in indirect speech.

Question 12. Prem requested his mother to let him stay in the house till father returned.
Answer: Prem requested his mother to let him stay in the house till father returned.
In simple words: "Requested" is used for the plea, and "to let him stay" converts the direct "let me stay." "Returned" (simple past) for "returns" (simple present in direct speech).

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the verb tense in the 'till' clause also changes if the reporting verb is in the past.

Direct And Indirect Speech Exercises For Class 11 Exercise 8

Question 1. The spectators applauded that he/she had broken the previous records.
Answer: The spectators applauded that he/she had broken the previous records.
In simple words: "Applauded" conveys the exclamation of praise. The past perfect "had broken" indicates an action completed before the applause.

🎯 Exam Tip: Exclamatory sentences often use reporting verbs like "exclaimed," "applauded," "wished," etc., followed by 'that' and an assertive sentence.

Question 2. The girl exclaimed with joy that the rainbow was very beautiful.
Answer: The girl exclaimed with joy that the rainbow was very beautiful.
In simple words: "Exclaimed with joy" is used for expressions of happiness, and the sentence structure becomes assertive after "that".

🎯 Exam Tip: For exclamations showing joy, use "exclaimed with joy" and transform the interjection into a statement.

Question 3. The captain praised him saying that he had done very well.
Answer: The captain praised him saying that he had done very well.
In simple words: "Praised him saying that" indicates direct praise, and "had done" is the past perfect form of "did" or "have done".

🎯 Exam Tip: For expressions of praise, "praised" or "applauded" are suitable reporting verbs.

Question 4. She exclaimed with joy that she had seen a very lovely bird.
Answer: She exclaimed with joy that she had seen a very lovely bird.
In simple words: "Exclaimed with joy" indicates happiness. The original "have seen" (present perfect) becomes "had seen" (past perfect).

🎯 Exam Tip: Always convert present perfect to past perfect when the reporting verb is in the past, even in exclamatory sentences.

Question 5. My friend told me with joy that I had been very fortunate.
Answer: My friend told me with joy that I had been very fortunate.
In simple words: "Told me with joy" conveys the happy sentiment. "Have been" (present perfect) changes to "had been" (past perfect).

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase "with joy" or "with sorrow" can be added to the reporting verb to express emotion.

Question 6. The children cried with unhappiness that they were too young to go alone.
Answer: The children cried with unhappiness that they were too young to go alone.
In simple words: "Cried with unhappiness" expresses sadness. The original "are" (present) becomes "were" (past).

🎯 Exam Tip: For exclamations of sadness or regret, use "exclaimed with sorrow," "cried with unhappiness," or "regretted."

Question 7. A student exclaimed with regret that that paper was very difficult.
Answer: A student exclaimed with regret that that paper was very difficult.
In simple words: "Exclaimed with regret" indicates sorrow. "This paper is" (present) becomes "that paper was" (past).

🎯 Exam Tip: Exclamations about something difficult or unfortunate should use "exclaimed with regret" or similar phrases.

Question 8. The travellers exclaimed with caution that all of them were in danger.
Answer: The travellers exclaimed with caution that all of them were in danger.
In simple words: "Exclaimed with caution" implies a warning or concern. "Are in danger" (present) becomes "were in danger" (past).

🎯 Exam Tip: The emotion accompanying the exclamation can be conveyed using adverbial phrases with the reporting verb.

Question 9. The labourers exclaimed with regret that they could not pull on in so small wages.
Answer: The labourers exclaimed with regret that they could not pull on in so small wages.
In simple words: "Exclaimed with regret" shows their dissatisfaction. "Cannot pull on" becomes "could not pull on".

🎯 Exam Tip: "Can" typically changes to "could" in indirect speech, even in exclamatory sentences.

Question 10. He exclaimed with joy that he had topped the list.
Answer: He exclaimed with joy that he had topped the list.
In simple words: "Exclaimed with joy" denotes happiness. "Have topped" (present perfect) becomes "had topped" (past perfect).

🎯 Exam Tip: For strong positive emotions, "exclaimed with joy" or "rejoiced" are appropriate reporting verbs.

UP Board Solution Class 11 English Exercise 9

Question 1. My aunt wished me that God might bless me with a son.
Answer: My aunt wished me that God might bless me with a son.
In simple words: "Wished" is used for optative sentences expressing a wish. "May" becomes "might".

🎯 Exam Tip: Optative sentences (wishes, prayers) are converted using reporting verbs like "wished" or "prayed" and modal verbs like "might."

Question 2. The saint prayed that God might pardon his sins.
Answer: The saint prayed that God might pardon his sins.
In simple words: "Prayed" is used for prayers. "May" becomes "might", and pronouns are adjusted.

🎯 Exam Tip: For prayers, use "prayed that" followed by the subject and "might."

Question 3. The teacher bade the principal good morning respectfully.
Answer: The teacher bade the principal good morning respectfully.
In simple words: "Bade" is used for greetings. Adding "respectfully" conveys the manner.

🎯 Exam Tip: Greetings like "Good morning" are usually converted using "bade (someone) good morning/evening."

Question 4. My friend wished me that I might be selected in CPMT that year.
Answer: My friend wished me that I might be selected in CPMT that year.
In simple words: "Wished" conveys the good wish. "May" becomes "might", and "this year" becomes "that year".

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change "this" to "that" and "may" to "might" in optative sentences with past reporting verbs.

Question 5. The beggar cursed that he might never get peace in his life.
Answer: The beggar cursed that he might never get peace in his life.
In simple words: "Cursed" is used for expressing ill wishes. "May" becomes "might".

🎯 Exam Tip: For curses or ill wishes, use "cursed that" followed by the subject and "might."

Question 6. My grandfather wished for me that I might be a great man one day.
Answer: My grandfather wished for me that I might be a great man one day.
In simple words: "Wished for me" indicates a wish made for someone. "May" becomes "might".

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase "for me" clarifies who the wish is directed towards.

Question 7. They prayed that God might grant him a long life.
Answer: They prayed that God might grant him a long life.
In simple words: "Prayed" is used for a prayer. "May" becomes "might", and pronouns are adjusted.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting prayers, use "prayed that" and ensure correct pronoun and modal changes.

Question 8. My friend wished that I might get married soon.
Answer: My friend wished that I might get married soon.
In simple words: "Wished that" conveys the wish directly. "May" becomes "might".

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple wishes expressed using "May" in direct speech typically become "might" in indirect speech.

Question 9. He pray that God might help him.
Answer: He pray that God might help him.
In simple words: "Pray" (present tense) means no tense change for the reported verb, but "might" is used for a prayer/wish. If "pray" was past tense "prayed", it would be consistent. Given "pray", "might" is still acceptable for wishes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Even with a present reporting verb like "pray," optative sentences often retain "might" for expressing wishes or possibilities.

Question 10. He cursed the cruel villain a thousand times.
Answer: He cursed the cruel villain a thousand times.
In simple words: "Cursed" is used for a strong imprecation, directly stating the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Direct curses can sometimes be reported concisely using "cursed" followed by the object.

UP Board Class 11 English Book Pdf Exercise 10

Question 1. The teacher asked the boy to take the broom and sweep the room.
Answer: The teacher asked the boy to take the broom and sweep the room.
In simple words: "Asked" is used as a polite command, and the actions are converted into infinitive phrases using "to".

🎯 Exam Tip: Imperative sentences (commands, requests) are typically converted using 'to' + infinitive after a suitable reporting verb.

Question 2. I asked my friend how he was. He answered that he was not in hilarious spirits.
Answer: I asked my friend how he was. He answered that he was not in hilarious spirits.
In simple words: This is a question-answer exchange. "How are you?" becomes "how he was," and the answer is reported assertively.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting a dialogue, break it down into sequential questions and answers, adjusting pronouns and tenses accordingly.

Question 3. Mahmood told the child that he had still to learn how to fly a kite properly.
Answer: Mahmood told the child that he had still to learn how to fly a kite properly.
In simple words: "Told" is the reporting verb. "Have still to learn" (present) becomes "had still to learn" (past).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to shift present tense verbs to past tense when the reporting verb is in the past.

Question 4. The traveller told the mosquito that he had interested him and he had entertained him.
Answer: The traveller told the mosquito that he had interested him and he had entertained him.
In simple words: "Told" is the reporting verb. "Have interested" and "have entertained" (present perfect) both become "had interested" and "had entertained" (past perfect).

🎯 Exam Tip: When multiple actions are reported, ensure all relevant verb tenses are shifted to their past equivalents.

Question 5. Lucy asked how he knew which were the beautiful things.
Answer: Lucy asked how he knew which were the beautiful things.
In simple words: "Asked" is the reporting verb. "How do you know" becomes "how he knew" (simple present to simple past).

🎯 Exam Tip: In 'wh'-questions, the question structure reverts to an assertive form (subject + verb) in indirect speech.

Question 6. The man asked what was to be done with that and were there no fields in heaven where it might be sent to roam.
Answer: The man asked what was to be done with that and were there no fields in heaven where it might be sent to roam.
In simple words: This complex question involves "what is to be done" becoming "what was to be done" and "are there no fields" becoming "were there no fields". "May be sent" becomes "might be sent".

🎯 Exam Tip: For complex questions with multiple clauses, convert each clause systematically while maintaining coherence.

Question 7. Mohini prayed that God might pardon his sins.
Answer: Mohini prayed that God might pardon his sins.
In simple words: "Prayed" is the reporting verb for a prayer. "May" becomes "might".

🎯 Exam Tip: Prayers, wishes, and curses are handled by specific reporting verbs like "prayed," "wished," or "cursed," often followed by "might."

Question 8. The people of India wished for the long life of Indian Republic.
Answer: The people of India wished for the long life of Indian Republic.
In simple words: "Wished for" is used to express a desire for someone or something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Collective wishes or sentiments can be reported using "wished for" followed by the desired outcome.

Question 9. The patient exclaimed with dismay to God to save him from that terrible pain.
Answer: The patient exclaimed with dismay to God to save him from that terrible pain.
In simple words: "Exclaimed with dismay" conveys sorrow. The imperative "Save me" becomes "to save him". "This" becomes "that".

🎯 Exam Tip: Exclamations that are also requests or pleas often combine "exclaimed" with an infinitive phrase and an emotion word.

Question 10. She bade her friend good bye and wished that he might prosper day by day.
Answer: She bade her friend good bye and wished that he might prosper day by day.
In simple words: "Bade" is used for bidding farewell. The wish "May you prosper" becomes "wished that he might prosper".

🎯 Exam Tip: Combine farewells using "bade" with wishes using "wished that... might" for comprehensive reporting.

Question 11. Yama told the princess that he granted her that boon but he could not grant her any more.
Answer: Yama told the princess that he granted her that boon but he could not grant her any more.
In simple words: "Told" is the reporting verb. "I grant you this boon" becomes "he granted her that boon". "Can not" becomes "could not".

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that both tense shifts and pronoun changes are applied consistently across multiple clauses within the reported speech.

Question 12. The magician said that he was going to show them a very interesting trick and requested them to sit quietly for a few minutes.
Answer: The magician said that he was going to show them a very interesting trick and requested them to sit quietly for a few minutes.
In simple words: "Said that" for the statement, changing "am going to show" to "was going to show". "Requested" for the command "sit quietly".

🎯 Exam Tip: A single speaker can make a statement and a request, both integrated into a single indirect narration sentence using appropriate conjunctions like "and."

Narration Class 11 Exercise 11

Question 1. An old man said to his sons, “Do not quarrel among yourselves."
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is a negative imperative. The reporting verb should be "advised" or "warned," followed by "not to" + infinitive and appropriate pronoun changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative imperatives, convert using "advised/ordered/warned + object + not to + infinitive."

Question 2. I said to the postman, "Do you have any letter for me?"
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is a 'yes/no' question. The reporting verb should be "asked," followed by "if" or "whether," and the question converted into an assertive sentence with correct tense and pronoun shifts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use "if" or "whether" for indirect 'yes/no' questions and change the present simple to past simple.

Question 3. A saint said to me, “May God grant you a long life!"
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is an optative sentence expressing a wish. The reporting verb should be "wished" or "prayed," followed by "that" and "might" for the modal verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: For wishes or prayers, use "wished that" or "prayed that" and convert "may" to "might" in indirect speech.

Question 4. The players said, “Hurrah! We have won the match."
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is an exclamatory sentence expressing joy. The reporting verb should be "exclaimed with joy" or "applauded," followed by "that" and the past perfect tense for "have won."

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert exclamations like "Hurrah!" by using "exclaimed with joy" and changing the present perfect to past perfect.

Question 5. He said to us, “Let us return home."
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is a suggestion. The reporting verb should be "proposed" or "suggested," followed by "that we should" and the infinitive.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Let us" suggestions are typically converted using "proposed/suggested that + subject + should + base verb."

Question 6. He said, “How costly the cloth is !"
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is an exclamatory sentence. The reporting verb should be "exclaimed," followed by "that" and the assertive sentence with "very" to emphasize the exclamation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Exclamations starting with "How" or "What" are converted by using "exclaimed" and adding "very" or "great" before the adjective/noun.

Question 7. The leader said to the people, “I thank you for all your help. I could not win the election without your help.”
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This involves reporting both a thanks and a statement. The reporting verb should be "thanked" and "added that" or "stated that," with appropriate pronoun and tense changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a speaker makes multiple statements, use conjunctions like "and added that" or "and further said that" to connect them in indirect speech.

Question 8. The teacher said to Moti, "Leave the classroom at once and do not return.”
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is a compound imperative (positive and negative). The reporting verb should be "ordered" or "told," followed by "to" + infinitive for the positive command and "not to" + infinitive for the negative.

🎯 Exam Tip: Break down compound imperatives; use "to" + infinitive for positive commands and "not to" + infinitive for negative commands, connected by "and."

Question 9. The doctor said to me, "You are suffering from fever. You must be very careful in taking medicines.”
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This involves a statement and advice. The reporting verb should be "told" for the statement and "advised" for the advice, with appropriate tense and pronoun changes. "Must" can change to "had to."

🎯 Exam Tip: Convert "must" to "had to" when expressing obligation in indirect speech if the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Question 10. The principal said, “Boys, are you fully prepared for the examination?"
Answer: [Answer not provided in source document.]
In simple words: This is a 'yes/no' question addressed to a group. The reporting verb should be "asked the boys" followed by "if" or "whether," and the question converted to an assertive sentence with tense and pronoun shifts.

🎯 Exam Tip: When addressing a group, explicitly state the audience (e.g., "asked the boys") and then proceed with the indirect question structure.