CBSE Class 11 Physics

Unit–I: Physical World and Measurement (Part of 23 Marks)

• Chapter–1: Units and Measurements: Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. significant figures, Determining the uncertainty in result. Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

Note for Students: This unit establishes the foundational language of physics, focusing on how we quantify physical phenomena and ensure accuracy in scientific results.

Unit-II: Kinematics (Part of 23 Marks)

• Chapter–2: Motion in a Straight Line: Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and non- uniform motion, average speed and average velocity and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity - time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical and calculus treatment).
• Chapter–3: Motion in a Plane: Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors. Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration- projectile motion, uniform circular motion.

Note for Students: You will learn to describe motion in one and two dimensions using mathematical tools like vectors and calculus to understand real-world paths like projectiles.

Unit–III: Laws of Motion (Part of 23 Marks)

• Chapter–4: Laws of Motion: Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

Note for Students: This unit explores the dynamics of motion, explaining why objects move the way they do through Newton's laws and the influence of friction.

Unit–IV: Work, Energy and Power (Part of 17 Marks)

• Chapter– 5: Work, Energy and Power: Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work- energy theorem, power. Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: non-conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Note for Students: Understanding the relationship between work and energy is crucial for solving complex mechanical problems, especially regarding conservation laws and collisions.

Unit–V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body (Part of 17 Marks)

• Chapter–6: System of Particles and Rotational Motion: Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and Centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod. Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions. Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation).

Note for Students: This unit extends the study of motion to complex systems and rotating rigid bodies, introducing concepts like torque and angular momentum.

Unit-VI: Gravitation (Part of 17 Marks)

• Chapter – 7: Gravitation: Kepler's laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape speed, orbital velocity of a satellite, energy of an orbiting satellite.

Note for Students: Explore the fundamental force of gravity that governs the motion of planets and satellites, including the math behind orbital mechanics.

Unit–VII: Properties of Bulk Matter (Part of 20 Marks)

• Chapter–8: Mechanical Properties of Solids: Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only), Poisson's ratio; elastic energy. Application of elastic behavior of materials (qualitative idea only).
• Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Fluids: Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli's theorem and its simple applications (Torricelli's law and Dynamic lift). Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
• Chapter–10: Thermal Properties of Matter: Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv - calorimetry; change of state - latent heat capacity. Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein's displacement Law, Stefan's law.

Note for Students: This comprehensive unit looks at how solids, fluids, and gases behave under various mechanical and thermal stresses.

Unit–VIII: Thermodynamics (Part of 20 Marks)

• Chapter–11: Thermodynamics: Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics, Second law of thermodynamics: Thermodynamic state variable and equation of state. Change of condition of gaseous state - isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic processes.

Note for Students: Thermodynamics provides the laws governing heat and work, forming the basis for understanding heat engines and energy transfer.

Unit–IX: Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases (Part of 20 Marks)

• Chapter–12: Kinetic Theory: Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro's number.

Note for Students: This unit provides a microscopic view of gas behavior, linking the motion of individual molecules to macroscopic properties like temperature and pressure.

Unit–X: Oscillations and Waves (10 Marks)

• Chapter–13: Oscillations: Periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions and their applications. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M), uniform circular motion and its equations of motion; phase; oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of expression for its time period.
• Chapter–14: Waves: Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.

Note for Students: The study of oscillations and waves is vital for understanding repetitive motion and the transfer of energy through different media.