Selina Concise Solutions for ICSE Class 7 Biology Chapter 1 Plant And Animal Tissues

Synopsis

• The unit of level of organisation is independent in its mode of existence and activity.
• All multi cellular organisms start their life as a single cell.
• Plant tissues are basically of two type
  1. meristematic
  2. permanent or non-dividing
• The permanent - plant tissues are further of three types
  1. protective
  2. supportive: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
  3. conductive: xylem, phloem
• Parenchymal cells have thin-walled cells and usually with a vacuole.
• Potatoes mainly are composed of parenchymal cells.
• Collenchyma are parenchymatous cells which are elongated and are thick at the comers. This helps to support the parts of the plant.
• Sclerenchyma tissue is formed of long, narrow and thick cells. This provides strength to the plant parts.
• Xylem is formed of thick-walled, tubular and often dead cells. They transport water and minerals absorbed by roots.
• Old xylem forms the wood.
• Phloem is formed of living tubular cells which provide a passage for the downward transport of food.
• The four major groups of animal tissues
  1. epithelial tissue
  2. connective tissue
  3. muscular tissue
  4. nervous tissue
• The epithelial tissue is further of four types:
  1. squamous epithelium (protective)
  2. cuboidal epithelium (absorption)
  3. columnar epithelium (secretory)
  4. ciliated epithelium (movement of substances)
• Supportive connective tissue consists of
  1. Cartilage
  2. Bone
• Fibrous connective tissue:
• It packs and binds most of the organs. It is of the following types.
  1. areolar tissue: binds skin to underlying tissue.
  2. adipose tissue: filled with fat.
  3. tendon: connect muscles to bones.
  4. ligaments: connect bone to another bone.
• Fluid connective tissue consists of
  1. Blood
  2. Lymph
• The liquid part of the blood is called plasma and the cellular part includes:
  1. red blood cells
  2. white blood cells
  3. platelets.
• Three distinct kinds of muscles are
  1. striated or skeletal
  2. unstriated or smooth
  3. cardiac or heart.
• A nerve cell is formed of a cell body called cyton and one or more elongated hair-like extensions called dendrites. The longest dendrite is called axon.
• Systems of the body with their primary vital function. Skeletal system: support and protection
  1. Muscular system: movement
  2. Digestive system: nutrition
  3. Respiratory system: exchange of gases
  4. Circulatory system: transport of materials
  5. Excretory system: waste removal
  6. Nervous system: sensation and co-ordination
  7. Reproductive system: continuation of race.

Review Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 1: Put a tick (✓) against the most appropriate alternative in the following statements.

(i) A group of similar cells to perform a specific function forms a
(a) organ
(b) species
(c) organ system
(d) tissue
Answer: (d) tissue
Tissues are the building blocks of organs in multi-cellular organisms. When cells that look alike and do the same job cluster together, they create a functional unit called tissue.
Teacher's Tip: Think of "Tissue" as a "Team" - many members working for one goal!
Exam Tip: Use the term "specialization" when describing why cells form tissues.

(ii) The fine branches given out from the cell body of a nerve cell are
(a) dendrites
(b) cyton
(c) axon
(d) neurons
Answer: (a) dendrites
Dendrites act like tiny antennas that receive signals from other nerve cells. These branches ensure that messages are caught and passed into the main cell body.
Teacher's Tip: "Dendrite" comes from a word meaning "tree," so look for the branch-like structures!
Exam Tip: Don't confuse dendrites with the axon; remember the axon is the single long tail.

(iii) Fluid connective tissue of humans is
(a) blood and cartilage
(b) lymph and plasma
(c) blood and lymph
(d) stroma and matrix
Answer: (c) blood and lymph
These tissues are unique because they are in a liquid state, allowing them to flow throughout the body. They play a vital role in transporting nutrients, gases, and waste products.
Teacher's Tip: Fluid tissues are the "highways" of your body!
Exam Tip: If the question asks for the "liquid part" only, the answer is plasma, but for the "tissue," it's blood and lymph.

Short Answer Questions

Question 1: Define the following terms:
1. Tissue
2. Organ

Answer:
1. Tissue: A group of similar cells which perform a specific function. example: Muscular tissue in animals.
2. Organ: The different type of tissues which group together to function in a coordinated manner. example: liver
Tissues are groups of identical cells, while organs are made of different tissues working together for a bigger job. For example, your heart is an organ made of muscle, nerve, and connective tissues.
Teacher's Tip: Use the hierarchy: Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems.
Exam Tip: Always provide an example like "Stomach" or "Bicep" to make your definition stronger.

Question 2
(i): What is a meristematic tissue? How is it different from permanent tissues?

Answer:
Plant tissues are classified into two types:
1. Meristematic tissue
2. Permanent or non-dividing tissue
Meristematic tissues are the plant tissues which are made up of actively dividing cells. These tissues actively divide and lead to the growth of the plant body. They are found at the growth points of the plant like tips of root, stem and branches etc.
1. Cells are small with thin cell walls.
2. Cells have large and conspicuous nuclei.
3. Cells have no vacuoles.
4. Cells are actively dividing type cells.
Meristematic tissues are the "growing" parts of the plant that never stop making new cells. Unlike permanent tissues, which have fixed jobs and don't divide, meristematic cells are constantly multiplying.
Teacher's Tip: Associate "Meristematic" with "Multiply" and "Permanent" with "Performed job."
Exam Tip: Mentioning the location (tips of roots/stems) helps earn extra points for accuracy.

Difference between Meristematic and permanent

Meristematic tissue:
1. Meristematic tissue is present at the tip of the root and stem and in between the xylem and phloem. Form apical meristematic tissue when present at the tips. It is in the form of cambium in between the xylem and phloem.
2. Meristematic cells divide and form other types of tissues. The cells are thin walled.
3. Meristematic cells may be intercalary as in case of monocots.
4. The cells are small and isodiametric, vacuoles are small or absent.
5. Respiratory and biosynthetic activities maximum.
6. The cells are immature and mitochondria simple.
7. Proplastids act as plastids.

Permanent tissue
1. Permanent tissue may be simple as parenchyma, collenchyma or sclerenchyma and it may be complex as xylem and phloem.
2. These are made up of more than one kind of cells. These perform a common function Xylem and phloem form vascular system of the plant. These cells do not have the power to divide.
3. These cells may act as epidermis cortex or grit cells. Sclerenchyma gives strength.
4. Living cells of permanent tissue have vacuoles. The cells are large and of different shapes.
5. Both these activities are low.
6. The cells fully mature, mitochondria fully developed.
7. Living cells have plastids.
Meristematic cells are like "babies" that keep growing, while permanent cells are like "adults" who have finished school and have a specific career. Permanent tissues provide the structure and transport systems that a plant needs to survive daily.
Teacher's Tip: Remember that permanent tissue actually comes from old meristematic tissue!
Exam Tip: Draw a simple T-chart to clearly show the contrast between "power to divide" and "no power to divide."

(ii): Which living material would you take to demonstrate meristematic tissue?

Answer:
Green gram seeds can be used to demonstrate meristematic tissue which when soaked in a petridish stuffed with wet cotton and left for 3-4 days would sprout out. These sprouted seeds have roots developing whose root tips have meristematic tissue.
The rapidly growing tips of a sprout are the perfect place to see cells in the middle of dividing. Since the plant is growing fast, these areas are packed with active meristematic cells.
Teacher's Tip: Think of onion root tips or bean sprouts as "growth factories" for your experiment.
Exam Tip: Mention the specific part (root tips) as that is where the tissue is concentrated.

(iii): What is the function of meristematic tissue?

Answer:
The meristematic tissue have the primary role in the growth of the plant tissue as it consists of active dividing cells
Without this tissue, a plant would never get taller or grow deeper roots. It is essentially responsible for the increase in length and girth of the entire plant.
Teacher's Tip: Link "Meristematic" with "Mitosis" (cell division).
Exam Tip: Use the words "primary growth" and "secondary growth" if you want to impress the examiner.

Question 3: State whether the following statements are True or False.

(i) A tissue is formed of only one type of cells.
Answer: True
Simple tissues consist of identical cells, whereas complex tissues like xylem have different types working together. However, at the most basic level, a specific tissue type is defined by similar cells.
Teacher's Tip: Think of "simple tissues" as being made of "simple, single" cell types.
Exam Tip: If the question asks about "complex tissues," the answer would be false, so read carefully!

(ii) Only one type of tissue forms an organ.
Answer: False.
Correct: Two or more types of tissue form an organ.
Organs are complex structures that need different tissues to work together to perform a major task. For example, the stomach uses muscle tissue to churn food and epithelial tissue to secrete juices.
Teacher's Tip: An organ is like a machine made of many different parts (tissues).
Exam Tip: Always provide the "Corrected" statement for False answers to get full credit.

(iii) Permanent tissue is made up of undifferentiated and dividing Cells.
Answer: False.
Correct: Meristematic tissue is made up of undifferentiated and dividing cells.
Permanent tissues are fully grown and specialized for specific tasks, meaning they have finished differentiating. They generally lose their ability to divide further.
Teacher's Tip: "Undifferentiated" means "hasn't chosen a job yet."
Exam Tip: Remember that permanent = specialized = differentiated.

(iv) Meristematic tissue is found at growing tips of a plant.
Answer: True
Growth occurs at specific points like the ends of stems and roots where cells are constantly being added. These "hotspots" are exactly where meristematic tissue is located.
Teacher's Tip: Think of the "tips" as the plant's "construction sites."
Exam Tip: These specific tips are called "Apical Meristems."

(v) Phloem is formed of dead tubular cells.
Answer: False.
Correct: Phloem is formed of living tubular cells.
Unlike xylem, which is mostly dead tissue used for structural support and water flow, phloem cells must be alive to actively transport food. This biological "pumping" of sugar requires energy from living cells.
Teacher's Tip: Phloem is for Food, and Food needs Living cells to move it!
Exam Tip: Remember: Xylem = Dead, Phloem = Living.

Question 4: Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words from the list given below:
"Thin - walled, collenchyma, vascular, tissues, conducting"

1. A group of different tissues working together to perform a function is called an organ.
2. Xylem and phloem form the conducting tissue.
3. Conducting tissue is also called vascular tissue.
4. Cells are elongated and thick at the comers in collenchyma tissue.
5. Parenchyma is composed of large thin-walled cell
Answer: (As filled above)
These terms describe the specific structures and systems that keep plants standing and nourished. Understanding these labels helps us categorize the different specialized parts of a plant.
Teacher's Tip: "Vascular" always refers to the "vessels" or plumbing of a living thing.
Exam Tip: Pay attention to keywords like "thick at corners" which is a dead giveaway for collenchyma.

Question 5: Match the items given is column A with those given in column B:

Column A
(i) Fibrous connective tissue
(ii) Fluid connective tissue
(iii) Supportive connective tissue
(iv) Ligament
(v) Tendon
Column B
(a) blood
(b) cartilage
(c) connects a bone to another bone.
(d) areolar tissue
(e) connects a muscle with a bone.

Answer:
(i) Fibrous connective tissue - (d) areolar tissue
(ii) Fluid connective tissue - (a) blood
(iii) Supportive connective tissue - (b) cartilage
(iv) Ligament - (c) connects a bone to another bone.
(v) Tendon - (e) connects a muscle with a bone.
These connections are vital for movement and maintaining the shape of our bodies. Connective tissue literally "connects" the various systems of the body together.
Teacher's Tip: Use the acronym BLB (Bone-Ligament-Bone) and MTB (Muscle-Tendon-Bone).
Exam Tip: Double-check "Supportive" vs "Fibrous" as students often mix up areolar and cartilage.

Question 6: How do you rank the following among cells, tissues, organs, or organism?

1. Amoeba : organism
2. Euglena: organism
3. Skin : organ
4. Lungs : organ
5. Neuron : cell
6. Cardiac muscles: tissue
Answer: (As ranked above)
Single-celled creatures like Amoeba are entire organisms on their own. Multi-cellular structures like skin or heart muscle are parts of a larger system organized by complexity.
Teacher's Tip: If it lives on its own, it's an organism; if it's just a part, it's a cell, tissue, or organ.
Exam Tip: Students often mistake skin for a tissue; remember it is actually the body's largest organ!

Question 7: Each of the tissues listed in Column A is related to one of the functions given in Column B. Match the lines correct pairs by drawing

Column A (Tissue)
(a) Epithelial tissue
(b) Connective tissue
(c) Vascular tissue
(d) Nervous tissue
(e) Muscular tissue
Column B (Function)
(i) movement
(ii) protection
(iii) messages
(iv) support
(v) transport
Answer:
(a) Epithelial tissue - (ii) protection
(b) Connective tissue - (iv) support
(c) Vascular tissue - (v) transport
(d) Nervous tissue - (iii) messages
(e) Muscular tissue - (i) movement
Every tissue in a living thing is designed for a specific purpose to ensure survival. For instance, your muscles move you, while your nerves tell them when and how to move.
Teacher's Tip: Link "Nervous" to "News" (messages) to remember the function easily.
Exam Tip: Epithelial tissue is like the "envelope" - it's always on the outside for protection.

Question 8: Name the kind of tissue that

Answer:
1. Carries oxygen around your body - Blood tissue.
2. Brings about movements in animals - muscular tissue.
3. Transports food to different parts of plant - phloem.
4. Transports water in plants - xylem.
5. Supports an animal's body - connective tissue (supportive)
6. Binds different tissues together - Fibrous connective tissue.
7. Conducts messages from one part of the body to another - nervous tissue.
(As named above)
These identifying names help scientists talk about specific systems in both plants and animals. Each name corresponds to a unique cellular structure optimized for its job.
Teacher's Tip: Xylem and Phloem are the "plumbing" of the plant world.
Exam Tip: Be specific; write "phloem" instead of just "plant tissue" for full marks.

Question 9: Based on the following information, identify the three types of epithelial tissue in the figures given below:

(i) Cuboidal epithelium : It consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
(ii) Columnar epithelium: It is composed of tall, cylindrical cells with oval nuclei usually placed at the base of the cells.
(iii) Ciliated epithelium : It consists of cells being hair-like cilia on their free surface.
Answer:
(i) fig. b
(ii) fig. a
(iii) fig. c
Epithelial tissues are named after their shapes: cubes, columns, or having hairs (cilia). Identifying these shapes allows us to understand where they might be found in the body, like the lungs or kidneys.
Teacher's Tip: "Columnar" looks like tall pillars or "columns."
Exam Tip: Look for the "hairs" on top of the cells to instantly identify Ciliated epithelium.

Question 10: Write three differences between the two principal vascular tissues found in plants.

Answer:
Xylem
1. Transports water and minerals absorbed by the roots to other plant parts.
2. Consists mainly of dead cells.
3. Conduction is unidirectional i.e. only upwards from the roots.
Phloem
1. Conducts food manufactured in the leaves to other plant parts.
2. Consists mainly of living cells.
3. Bidirectional conduction i.e. both upwards and downwards from the leaves.
Xylem acts like a one-way straw for water, while Phloem is a two-way delivery system for food. This ensures that every leaf gets water and every root gets energy from sugar.
Teacher's Tip: Xylem = Xtra Water; Phloem = Food.
Exam Tip: The "direction of flow" (unidirectional vs bidirectional) is a key difference examiners look for.

Additional Questions

A. Fill in the blanks

1. Meristematic tissue is situated at the tip of root and stem.
2. Complex Permanent tissue consists of more than one kind of cells.
3. Phloem is a complex tissue that distributes food in plants.
4. Epithelial tissue is made of cells without any intercellular spaces.
5. Voluntary muscles help in the movement of limbs.
6. The neurons or nerve fibers constitute the nerves.
7. Ligaments connects one bone to another.
8. Adipose tissue cushions and insulates the body.
Answer: (As filled above)
These blanks cover the foundational vocabulary for both botany and zoology. Mastering these terms is the first step in understanding how complex organisms function.
Teacher's Tip: "Adipose" is the scientific word for fat tissue - it keeps us warm!
Exam Tip: Notice that "Epithelial" cells are packed tight (no spaces) because their main job is to be a barrier.

B. Write true or false for each statement. Rewrite the false statements correctly.

1. Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells with no protoplasmic content.
Answer: True

2. Voluntary muscles are present in the internal organs of the body.
Answer: False. Involuntary muscles are present in the internal organs of the body.

3. Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles.
Answer: True

4. Cardiac muscles have dark and light bands.
Answer: True

5. Short thred-like branches arising from the surface of the cyton are called axons.
Answer: False. Short thred-like branches arising from the surface of the cyton are called dendrites.

6. Yellow fibrous tissue, a type of connective tissue, is found in ligaments.
Answer: True

7. Tendons connect muscles to muscles.
Answer: False. Tendons connect muscles to bones.

8. The fluid-filled spaces in which cartilage cells are present are called lacunae.
Answer: True

9. RBCs and WBCs are formed in the bone marrow.
Answer: True

10. The fluid part of the blood is called plasma.
True
Answer: (As listed above)
These statements test your detailed knowledge of human anatomy and cell types. For example, knowing that your heart (cardiac) is involuntary explains why you don't have to think to keep it beating.
Teacher's Tip: If you can control it (like your arm), it's voluntary; if you can't (like your stomach), it's involuntary.
Exam Tip: Always check if the "Rewrite" part of the question is required; usually, you lose points if you only write "False."

C. Define these terms.
1. tissue
2. species
3. population
4. biotic community
5. biosphere
6. neuron
7. connective tissue

Answer:
1. tissue - A group of cells that are similar in structure and perform similar functions forms a tissue.
2. species - A group of living organisms which can breed among themselves constitute a species.
3. population - All the members or individuals of a particular species living in a particular area constitute its population.
4. biotic community - The population of all plant and animal species living in a particular area constitute a biotic community.
5. biosphere - The zone on the earth in which all living beings exists is termed as biosphere.
6. neuron - The cells that constitute nervous tissue are called neurons or nerve cells.
7. connective tissue - The tissue which connects various tissues together in any organ is called connective tissue.
These terms take us from the microscopic cell level all the way to the global environment. Understanding this hierarchy helps us see how every living thing is part of a larger system.
Teacher's Tip: Picture these definitions as nesting dolls, with tissue at the center and biosphere as the biggest doll.
Exam Tip: For "Species," the key phrase is "can breed among themselves."

D. Differentiate between

Question 1: lower level of organization and higher level of organization

Answer:
Lower level of organization
1. The cell is the lowest level of organization in this level
2. Cell to organ system level forms the lower level of organisation.
Higher level of organization
1. The species is the lowest level of organization in this level
2. Population to biosphere forms the higher level of organisation.
Lower levels focus on the individual body parts, whereas higher levels focus on how individuals interact with each other and the earth. It is the difference between studying a single person versus an entire forest.
Teacher's Tip: Lower level = Inside the body; Higher level = Outside the body.
Exam Tip: Be clear about the starting point for each level: Cell vs. Species.

Question 2: community and biosphere.

Answer:
Community
1. All the organisms living together in area constitute community.
2. It does not forms the highest level of organization.
Biosphere
1. All ecosystems together make up biosphere.
2. It is the highest level of organization.
A community is just one neighborhood of living things, while the biosphere is the entire world where life can exist. The biosphere includes all the communities combined across the whole planet.
Teacher's Tip: Community is like a city; Biosphere is like the whole Earth.
Exam Tip: Always mention that Biosphere is the "highest" level to emphasize its scale.

E. Write short answers.

Question 1: Name the lowest level of organization

Answer:
The cell is the lowest level of organization, which is living and can exist independently
Everything in biology starts with the cell, which is often called the basic unit of life. Even the most complex human once started as a single tiny cell.
Teacher's Tip: The cell is the "Lego brick" of life.
Exam Tip: Add that it is the "structural and functional" unit for a perfect answer.

Question 2: What is a species?

Answer:
A species is a group of living organisms which can breed among themselves
This classification ensures that animals or plants of the same kind can produce offspring to keep their kind going. For example, all dogs belong to the same species because they can have puppies together.
Teacher's Tip: Species is the most specific category in biological classification.
Exam Tip: Use the word "interbreed" if you can, as it is a scientific favorite.

Question 3: Define population.

Answer:
All the members of a particular species living in a particular area constitute its population.
While species refers to a "type" of animal, population refers to "how many" of them are in a specific place at once. For instance, the number of squirrels in a local park is a population.
Teacher's Tip: Population = One species + One area.
Exam Tip: Don't forget to mention "particular area" in your definition.

Question 4: What is an ecosystem?

Answer:
All living organisms along with the non living organisms of an area forms an ecosystem.
An ecosystem includes both the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living like water and soil) parts of an environment. It shows how life depends on its physical surroundings to survive.
Teacher's Tip: Ecosystem = Living things + Non-living things.
Exam Tip: Mention components like sunlight, air, or soil as examples of the non-living parts.

Question 5: What constitutes the vascular system of the plant?

Answer:
Xylem and phloem, which are the complex permanent tissues together constitute the vascular system of the plant. These tissues extend from the tip of the root to the tip of the leaf.
The vascular system is essentially the plant's circulatory system, moving nutrients and water where they are needed. It allows plants to grow large because it can transport materials long distances.
Teacher's Tip: Think of vascular tissue as the plant's "veins."
Exam Tip: Mentioning that it runs from root to leaf shows you understand the system's full extent.

Question 6: What is a neuron?

Answer:
The cells that constitute the nervous tissue are called neuron or nerve cells. The neuron is the smallest part of nervous tissue.
Neurons are special because they can carry electrical signals throughout the body. They are the reason you can feel heat, pain, or movement instantly.
Teacher's Tip: A neuron is like a biological "wire."
Exam Tip: Remember that a neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Question 7: Where is the white fibrous tissue found in human body?

Answer:
The white fibrous tissue is found in tendons. Tendons connect the muscles to the bones. This tissue has considerable strength and high elasticity.
This tissue is designed to be tough because it has to pull on heavy bones whenever you move your muscles. Its strength prevents it from snapping under the pressure of physical activity.
Teacher's Tip: "White" usually means tough collagen fibers are present!
Exam Tip: Be sure to distinguish tendons (white fibrous) from ligaments (yellow fibrous).

F. Answer in detail.

Question 1: Explain the lower levels of organization.

Answer:
Lower levels of organization are:
1. Cellular level: The lowest level of organization is the cell. A cell is living and can exist independently. In single celled organisms like amoeba, paramecium, yeast etc all functions of life like digestion, respiration, reproduction and excretion are performed by single cell.
2. Tissue level: The cells that are similar in structure and functions organize to form a tissue, in multi cellular organisms. For example nervous tissue is formed of neurons, muscular tissue is formed of muscle cells and so on. Similarly the plants are also made up of different tissues. For example parenchyma, sclerenchyma etc. The organization of similar cells to form tissues is known as tissue level of organization.
3. Organ level: Different types of tissues in a living organism organise to form organs which perform a specific function. This is called organ level of organization. Stomach is an organ in human beings, which consists of different types of tissues and perform specific functions. Similarly intestine kidney and brain are other organs that perform specific functions and made up of different types of tissues. In plants leaf, roots, stem, flowers and fruits are different organs, which are made up of different type of tissues.
4. Organ system level: Many organs work together in a coordinated manner to perform a specific function and form an organ system. Organ system is the next level of organization. For example digestive system has a job of digesting food. Many organs like stomach, intestine, liver and pancreas constitute digestive system. Root and shoot system in plants are the organ systems that perform specific functions and are composed of different organs
This hierarchy shows how life gets more complex by grouping simpler parts into bigger, more capable systems. Each level depends on the level below it to function correctly.
Teacher's Tip: Memorize the order: Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System.
Exam Tip: Provide one plant and one animal example for each level to show a complete understanding.

Question 2: What is the difference between an organ and an organ system?

Answer:
Organ
1. Different tissues combine to form organs which perform specific functions.
2. Stomach, kidneys, lungs etc. are the different organs of human beings.
Organ System
1. Different organs combine to form organ system to perform a specific function. Digestive
2. system,nervous system etc. are the different organ systems of the human beings.
An organ is a single specialized structure, while an organ system is a group of organs that cooperate to finish a major bodily process. For example, your stomach is an organ, but your digestive system is the whole system that includes your stomach, mouth, and intestines.
Teacher's Tip: An organ is a "player," but the organ system is the whole "team."
Exam Tip: Use the "Digestive System" example as it clearly shows multiple organs working together.

Question 3: Which tissue is responsible for the increase in the height of a plant? Where is it located?

Answer:
1. Apical meristematic tissue is responsible for the increase in the height of a plant. This tissue is present at the root tip and shoot tip. The cells of this tissue are usually small, thin walled and full of cytoplasm. They have a large nucleus. These cells divide rapidly and continuously, the plant thereby gains height.
2. Meristematic tissue is present in the growing parts of a plant, such as root tip and shoot tip.
This tissue is like an engine that keeps producing new cells at the very ends of the plant. By adding new layers at the top and bottom, the plant stretches out and grows taller.
Teacher's Tip: "Apical" means "Apex" or "Top" - that's where the growth happens!
Exam Tip: Mention that these cells have "large nuclei" because they are busy with cell division.