Samacheer Kalvi Class 9 Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Migration

I. Choose the Correct Answer

 

Question 1. According to the 2011 census, the total population of India was
(a) 121 crore
(b) 221 crore
(c) 102 crore
(d) 100 crore
Answer: (a) 121 crore
In simple words: The 2011 count of people in India showed that the total population was 121 crore. This census helps us understand how many people live in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key census figures like population counts and growth rates, as they are frequently tested for general knowledge and social studies.

 

Question 2. __________ has recorded the maximum number of emigrants.
(a) Ramanathapuram
(b) Coimbatore
(c) Chennai
(d) Vellore
Answer: (c) Chennai
In simple words: Chennai city has had the highest number of people moving out of the state to live in other places. This makes Chennai a major source of emigrants.

🎯 Exam Tip: When studying migration, identify the major "push" and "pull" factors, and specific locations known for high emigration or immigration.

 

Question 3. during 2015, __________ of illiterates were migrants from Tamil Nadu.
(a) 7%
(b) 175%
(c) 23%
(d) 9%
Answer: (a) 7%
In simple words: In 2015, a small portion, specifically 7%, of people who could not read or write and had moved from Tamil Nadu were counted as migrants. This shows the educational background of some migrants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific statistics related to migration, such as percentages of different groups (e.g., illiterate migrants, women migrants), as these are often tested.

 

Question 4. The poorer sections of the population migrate __________
(a) as a survival strategy
(b) to improve their living standards
(c) as a service
(d) to get experience
Answer: (a) as a survival strategy
In simple words: People who are poor often move from one place to another because they need to find ways to survive. This means they are looking for basic things like food, shelter, and work to live.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the different motivations for migration across various socio-economic groups, noting that "survival" is a primary driver for the poorest populations.

II. Fill in the Blanks

 

Question 1. Migration is enumerated on place of birth and place of residence bases.
Answer: In India, migration is counted using two main factors: where a person was born and where they currently live. These two points help track people's movement.
In simple words: We count migration based on where someone was born and where they live now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two key bases for enumerating migration in India, as these are fundamental to understanding population movements.

 

Question 2. The mobility of population in rural areas is greater than urban areas.
Answer: People in rural areas tend to move more often than those in cities. This higher movement in villages is usually due to factors like agriculture and seasonal work.
In simple words: People in villages move around more than people in cities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that rural populations often have higher mobility due to agricultural cycles or lack of stable employment compared to urban areas.

 

Question 3. In rural India, as per census 2011, 37 percent of the population are counted as migrants.
Answer: According to the 2011 census, 37% of the people living in rural India were considered migrants. This shows a significant portion of the rural population has moved from their original homes.
In simple words: In 2011, 37 out of every 100 people in Indian villages were migrants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing specific percentages like this helps demonstrate a detailed understanding of demographic data and migration patterns in India.

 

Question 4. Marriage is the major reason for female migration.
Answer: For women, marriage is the most common reason they move from one place to another. This is especially true in India, where women often move to their husband's home after marriage.
In simple words: Girls move a lot because of marriage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that socio-cultural factors like marriage are prominent drivers of female migration, distinguishing it from male migration patterns.

 

Question 5. Any migrant stream would consist of heterogeneous sub streams.
Answer: Any large group of people moving together will actually be made up of many smaller, different groups. Each small group might have different reasons or ways of moving.
In simple words: A big group of people moving always has many small, different types of groups within it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that migration is not a single, uniform process but consists of diverse sub-streams based on various factors like destination, skill, or motivation.

III. Match the Following

 

Question 1. Match the following:
1. Migration policy – (e) to reduce the volume of migration
2. Female migrants – (d) marriage
3. Chennai – (c) maximum number of emigration
4. Better off migrants – (f) to improve the living standard
5. Salem – (b) low incidence of out migration
6. Male migrants – (a) work
Answer:
1. Migration policy - (e) to reduce the volume of migration
2. Female migrants - (d) marriage
3. Chennai - (c) maximum number of emigration
4. Better off migrants - (f) to improve the living standard
5. Salem - (b) low incidence of out migration
6. Male migrants - (a) work
In simple words: This match shows how different things are connected to migration. For example, policies try to control how much people move, women often move because of marriage, and men often move for work.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, carefully identify the core relationship between each item and its corresponding description, such as cause-effect or characteristic-category.

IV. Give Short Answers

 

Question 1. Enlist the reasons for migration.
Answer: People move for several key reasons, including finding work or employment, starting or expanding a business, getting a better education, marriage, and other personal or family reasons. Each reason contributes to the flow of people moving from one place to another.
In simple words: People move for work, business, school, marriage, and other personal reasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the primary reasons for migration (push and pull factors) clearly and concisely, focusing on common social and economic drivers.

 

Question 2. What are the major factors responsible for female migrants in India?
Answer: In India, the main reason women move is marriage. In 2011, about 70% of female migrants nationwide and 51% in Tamil Nadu reported marriage as their reason for moving. This shows that marriage and the relocation associated with it is a very big factor for women's movement across India and specifically in Tamil Nadu.
In simple words: The biggest reason for women moving in India is marriage. Many women move to a new place after getting married.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight marriage as the dominant factor for female migration in India, providing statistics if remembered, to support your answer.

 

Question 3. Name four districts in Tamil Nadu which record a low number of migration.
Answer: Several districts in Tamil Nadu have a low number of people moving out (emigrants). These include Cuddalore, Karur, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Namakkal, Salem, Dindigul, Krishnagiri, Nilgiris, and Dharmapuri. These areas experience less movement of people away from them.
In simple words: Districts like Cuddalore, Karur, Thiruvannamalai, and Vellore in Tamil Nadu have fewer people moving away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide at least four specific names of districts when asked for examples, ensuring accuracy to gain full marks.

 

Question 4. What are the factors responsible for the poorer sections and better-off sections to migrate?
Answer: Poorer people often move as a survival strategy, meaning they migrate to find basic necessities like food, shelter, and work to simply stay alive. In contrast, people from better-off backgrounds usually migrate to improve their quality of life, seek better opportunities, or enhance their living standards further. This shows how economic status affects why people move.
In simple words: Poor people move to survive, while rich people move to live even better.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate the motivations for migration between different economic groups – survival for the poor versus improved living standards for the affluent.

 

Question 5. List the four destinations and the percentage of migrants from Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Of the total migrants from Tamil Nadu who go to foreign countries, nearly 20% choose Singapore. Another 18% go to the United Arab Emirates, while 16% migrate to Saudi Arabia, and 13% head to the United States of America. These are the top four destinations with their respective percentages.
In simple words: Many people from Tamil Nadu go to Singapore (20%), UAE (18%), Saudi Arabia (16%), and USA (13%).

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing destinations and percentages, be precise with the numbers and ensure all requested items (four destinations and their percentages) are included.

 

Question 6. What does the study reveal about the occupation undertaken by migrants?
Answer: The study shows that migrants take on a wide variety of jobs. On one side, there are highly skilled jobs, and on the other, there are low-skilled jobs. In between, a large number of migrants work in semi-skilled occupations. This means migration covers many different types of work roles.
In simple words: Migrants do many types of jobs, from highly skilled to low-skilled, with many semi-skilled jobs in between.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the broad spectrum of occupations migrants engage in, from high-skilled to low-skilled, reflecting diverse economic roles.

V. Answer in Detail

 

Question 1. State the aims of migration policies.
Answer: Migration policies in developing countries like India aim to achieve two main things. First, they want to reduce how many people migrate, especially since much migration is due to poverty and lack of safety in rural areas. So, policies focus on rural development to make people feel more secure and less likely to leave. Second, policies aim to change where migrants go, trying to steer them away from already crowded big cities. This is done by planning urbanization better, spreading out opportunities to reduce inequalities in different places. These policies help manage the movement of people in a balanced way.
In simple words: Migration policies try to reduce how many people move by helping rural areas, and they also try to send migrants to different places instead of just big cities to make things fairer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the dual objectives of migration policies: reducing overall migration (especially distress migration) and redirecting migration flows to promote balanced regional development.

 

Question 2. Discuss the patterns of migration.
Answer: Migration patterns are very complicated and involve many different movements. They can be seen in several ways:
1. People move from rural to urban areas, urban to rural areas, or urban to urban areas.
2. There are also short-distance, medium-distance, and long-distance migration flows.
3. Some migration is long-term and stable, while other movements are short-term and circular, like people moving for seasonal work and then returning home.
4. Each type of migration involves different social groups with their unique reasons for moving.
5. The exact nature and size of these migration flows depend on things like the problems and hopes people have in their home areas, any limits on their movement, the opportunities available in the new place, and the cost of moving. This shows that migration is a complex mix of many different types of movement.
In simple words: Migration happens in many complex ways, like people moving from villages to cities, or for short or long distances. It can be for a long time or just for a season, and it depends on why people want to move, what stops them, what new chances they find, and how much it costs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing migration patterns, ensure you cover the various types of movements (rural-urban, short/long distance, stable/circulatory) and the factors influencing them.

 

Question 3. Elucidate about some of the interesting findings of migration in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: In 2011, studies showed that two out of every five people in Tamil Nadu were migrants, with more migrants in rural areas and more women. Tamil Nadu has a long history of people moving for trade, business, and jobs, even to other countries during colonial times for work.
More recently, workers from Tamil Nadu have been moving to Gulf countries, the USA, and Australia. A 2015 study found some interesting things:
• Most migrants (65%) either move within Tamil Nadu or abroad, while 35% move within the country.
• Chennai has the highest number of people moving out, followed by Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram, and Tiruchirapalli.
• Districts like Cuddalore, Karur, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Namakkal, Salem, Dindigul, Krishnagiri, Nilgiris, and Dharmapuri have fewer people moving out.
• This study also looked at the gender of migrants and their destinations. For those going abroad, Singapore (20%), UAE (18%), Saudi Arabia (16%), and the USA (13%) are important places. Other destinations include Malaysia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Australia, and England.
• Of the people moving internationally, only 15% are women, while 85% are men. This shows that men make up the majority of international migrants from Tamil Nadu.
In simple words: In Tamil Nadu, many people move, especially from rural areas. Historically, they moved for work or trade. Recently, they go to Gulf countries, USA, and Australia. Chennai sends out the most migrants. Most international migrants are men, while marriage is a big reason for women to move.

🎯 Exam Tip: Support your explanation of migration findings with specific data and examples, such as key destinations, gender ratios, and districts with high or low migration rates.

 

Question 4. Analyse the educational qualification of migrants from Tamil Nadu in 2015.
Answer: A 2015 study looked at how educated migrants from Tamil Nadu were. It found that about 7% of them could not read or write (illiterates). Around 30% had finished schooling up to class 10, and 10% had completed class 12. About 15% had received some kind of job training (vocational training). When it came to higher education, 11% were college graduates, 12% were professionally qualified (like engineers or doctors), and another 11% had post-graduate degrees. This shows a mix of educational backgrounds among migrants, from those with no formal education to highly qualified professionals.
In simple words: In 2015, migrants from Tamil Nadu had different education levels: 7% were uneducated, 30% finished class 10, 10% finished class 12, 15% had vocational training, 11% were graduates, 12% were professionals, and 11% had master's degrees.

🎯 Exam Tip: Break down the educational qualifications into distinct categories with their respective percentages to show a comprehensive understanding of the migrant demographic.

VI. Write the Correct Statement.

 

Question 1. In recent times workers from Tamil Nadu are moving to Africa.
Answer: In the more recent period workers from Tamil Nadu have been moving to countries in the Gulf, United States of America and Australia.
In simple words: Workers from Tamil Nadu have been moving to places like Gulf countries, the USA, and Australia, not Africa, in recent times.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correct statements should specify the actual destinations of migrants based on current trends and data, avoiding common misconceptions.

 

Question 2. In Tamil Nadu, the extent of migration is much higher in urban areas compared to rural areas.
Answer: In Tamil Nadu, the extent of migration is much higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas.
In simple words: In Tamil Nadu, more people move in rural areas than in urban areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about where migration is higher, noting the difference between rural and urban contexts based on documented trends.

 

Question 3. Any migrant stream would consist of homogenous sub-streams.
Answer: Any migrant stream would consist of heterogeneous-sub streams.
In simple words: Any group of migrants will have different types of people and reasons for moving, not all the same.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that migration flows are typically "heterogeneous" (diverse) rather than "homogenous" (uniform), reflecting the varied motivations and characteristics of migrants.

 

Question 4. Two out of even, 10 persons are reported to be a migrant.
Answer: Two out of every five persons are reported to be a migrant.
In simple words: The correct statement is that two out of every five people are migrants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to numerical details and ratios in statements, ensuring accuracy when correcting or verifying information.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Migration Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

 

Question 1. In Tamil Nadu, migrants account for __________ percent in rural areas.
(a) 38
(b) 41
(c) 28
(d) 50
Answer: (b) 41
In simple words: In Tamil Nadu, 41 out of every 100 people in rural areas are migrants. This shows a significant portion of the rural population has moved from their original homes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific percentages related to migration in different regions, as these are important statistical facts.

 

Question 2. The driving force among men to migration is __________
(a) work
(b) employment
(c) tourism
(d) both a and b
Answer: (d) both a and b
In simple words: For men, the main reasons for moving are to find work or get a job. Both "work" and "employment" refer to looking for a way to earn money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that "work" and "employment" are closely related terms, and often both are correct when considering male migration motivations for economic reasons.

 

Question 3. Of the international migrants __________ percent are women.
(a) 85
(b) 25
(c) 15
(d) 20
Answer: (c) 15
In simple words: Out of all the people who move to other countries, only 15 out of every 100 are women. This means most international migrants are men.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to gender-specific statistics in migration, as the proportion of women among international migrants can be a key point of analysis.

 

Question 4. Pick out the odd man __________
(a) Australia
(b) the USA
(c) Gulf countries
(d) Uganda
Answer: (d) Uganda
In simple words: Australia, USA, and Gulf countries are common destinations for migrants from Tamil Nadu, while Uganda is not typically listed as a major destination.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to identify the "odd one out," look for the option that doesn't fit the category or trend established by the others (e.g., major migration destinations).

II. Fill in the Blanks.

 

Question 1. During the colonial period, labourers had moved to other colonies seeking work and wages.
Answer: In the past, when India was under colonial rule, many workers traveled to other colonies to find jobs and earn money. They moved to places where they hoped to get work and be paid.
In simple words: In old times, workers went to other colonies to find jobs and get paid.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand historical migration patterns, such as the movement of indentured laborers to colonies for work, which is a significant part of migration history.

 

Question 2. Coimbatore has recorded maximum the number of emigrants next to Chennai.
Answer: Coimbatore comes right after Chennai in having the highest number of people moving out of the state. This means it's another major source of emigrants.
In simple words: Coimbatore has the second-highest number of people moving away after Chennai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the hierarchy of districts in terms of emigration numbers, identifying both the highest and subsequent significant contributors.

 

Question 3. Inequality is the difference in social status, wealth or opportunity between people or groups.
Answer: Inequality refers to the unfair differences between people or groups in terms of their social position, how much money they have, or the chances they get in life. These differences can often lead to migration.
In simple words: Inequality means people have different social status, money, or chances in life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key sociological terms like "inequality" accurately, as understanding these concepts is crucial for social science questions.

 

Question 4. The process of moving from one place to another is known as migration.
Answer: When people move from one place to another permanently or for a long period, this process is called migration. It involves changing one's place of residence.
In simple words: Moving from one place to another is called migration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Have a clear and concise definition of "migration" ready, as it is a fundamental term in this chapter.

 

Question 5. Change in populating occurs due to births, deaths and migration.
Answer: The number of people in a population changes because of three main things: new babies being born (births), people dying (deaths), and people moving in or out (migration). These three factors continuously affect how populations grow or shrink.
In simple words: Population changes because of births, deaths, and people moving.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three core components that influence population change: births, deaths, and migration.

III. Match the Following

 

Question 1. Match the following:
1. Place of birth – (iv) Lifetime migrant
2. Red Tea – (i) Paul Harris Daniel
3. Migration – (v) trade
4. Migrant stream – (ii) Heterogeneous
5. Kuwait – (iii) Destination
Answer:
1. Place of birth - (iv) Lifetime migrant
2. Red Tea - (i) Paul Harris Daniel
3. Migration - (v) trade
4. Migrant stream - (ii) Heterogeneous
5. Kuwait - (iii) Destination
In simple words: This match links key terms to their descriptions, like "place of birth" defining a lifetime migrant, "Red Tea" being a book by Paul Harris Daniel, and "Kuwait" as a migration destination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that you can accurately associate concepts (e.g., place of birth, migrant stream characteristics) with their correct definitions or examples.

IV. Give Short Answers

 

Question 1. Mention the percentage of migrants in India as well as in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: The percentage of migrants in India was 37 percent of the total population. In Tamil Nadu, the rate was even higher, with 43 percent of the population being migrants. This shows that migration is a significant demographic feature in both the country and the state.
In simple words: 37% of people in India are migrants, and 43% of people in Tamil Nadu are migrants.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the percentages clearly for both India and Tamil Nadu, ensuring accuracy in the figures to score well.

 

Question 2. How to determine the extent and nature of migration?
Answer: The amount and kind of migration in any society are mainly decided by how developed that society is. This means that the type and scale of development in farming and factories within an economy will show us the patterns of migration. If there is a lot of development, people might move for specific kinds of jobs; if not, they might move for survival.
In simple words: How much and what kind of migration happens depends on how developed a society's farming and industry are.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the extent and nature of migration directly to the overall development process and economic structure (agricultural vs. industrial sectors) of a society.

 

Question 3. What do the extent and nature of the migrant streams depend on?
Answer: The amount and type of migration streams depend on several factors:
1. The hopes and difficulties people face where they start their journey.
2. Any barriers that stop people from moving.
3. The opportunities available at the place they want to go to, along with how much information they have about these opportunities.
4. The financial cost involved in moving from one place to another. These points together shape how migration happens.
In simple words: Migration depends on what people want or struggle with at home, how easy it is to move, what chances they find in new places, and how much it costs to go.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the key determinants of migration streams, including 'push' factors (pressures at origin), 'pull' factors (opportunities at destination), constraints, and costs.

V. Answer in Detail

 

Question 1. Explain the concept of migration.
Answer: Migration is a key factor that changes the population in any village or town, alongside births and deaths. While births and deaths are easy to count, migration is harder to define and measure because people move so often. It is challenging to decide which moves count as true migration. In India's Census, migration is counted based on two things: a person's place of birth and their place of residence. This helps in understanding how many people have moved from where they were born to where they currently live, giving a picture of population mobility.
In simple words: Migration is when people move from one place to another, changing their home. It's counted by where someone was born and where they live now, helping us see how populations change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear definition of migration and explain its significance as a component of population change, referencing how it's measured in official censuses.

 

Question 2. Write a short note on "Red Tea".
Answer: "Red Tea" is a well-known novel written by Paul Harris Daniel. The story talks about the hard life and slavery of plantation workers in Valparai. This book reveals the difficult, painful history of these workers, which is often hidden behind the beautiful green hills. The novel was translated into Tamil by R. Murugavel and titled "Eriyum Panikkaadu." The story begins with a character named Karupan moving to the hills with his wife, looking for a way to survive. The narrator of the story is Dr. Daniel himself, who comes to the plantation to treat the workers. This book sheds light on an important part of history.
In simple words: "Red Tea" is a book by Paul Harris Daniel about the hard life of plantation workers in Valparai. It shows their hidden, painful history. The story follows Karupan, who moves to the hills for survival, and the narrator is Dr. Daniel, a doctor there.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about literature, include the author, main theme, setting, and a brief summary of the plot or its significance.

VI. Write the Correct Statement

 

Question 1. One usually associates mobility with female rather than male.
Answer: One usually associates mobility with male rather than female.
In simple words: People usually think of men moving around more than women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correct statements should accurately reflect common societal perceptions or actual demographic trends regarding gender and mobility.

 

Question 2. Of the total migrants in Tamil Nadu, 65 percent have migrated toward rural areas.
Answer: Of the total migrants in Tamil Nadu, 65 percent have migrated or moved abroad.
In simple words: In Tamil Nadu, 65% of migrants have moved to other countries, not rural areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the direction and destination of migration (e.g., rural vs. abroad) when verifying or correcting statements about migrant flows.

 

Question 3. Work is the major factor responsible for female migrants in India.
Answer: Work is the major factor responsible for male migrants in India.
In simple words: For men in India, finding work is the main reason they move, not for women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the primary reasons for migration for males (work/employment) and females (marriage) in India.

 

Question 4. Of the international migrants, 15 percent are men while 85 percent are women.
Answer: Of the international migrants, 15 percent are women while 85 percent are men.
In simple words: Out of all people moving to other countries, only 15% are women, while 85% are men.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with gender percentages in migration data; often, there's a specific ratio between male and female international migrants.

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