Samacheer Kalvi Class 9 Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 Tamil Nadu Agriculture

I. Choose the Correct Answer

 

Question 1. Irrigated land surface out of cultivable land is ___________
(a) 27%
(b) 57%
(c) 28%
(d) 49%
Answer: (b) 57%
In simple words: Out of all the land that can be farmed, more than half of it (57%) is watered artificially, not just by rain. This shows how much we rely on irrigation for farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key percentages for land use as they often appear in multiple-choice questions.

 

Question 2. Out of the following which is not a food crop ___________
(a) Bajra
(b) Ragi
(c) Maize
(d) Coconut
Answer: (d) Coconut
In simple words: Bajra, ragi, and maize are all grains that people eat as part of their main meals. Coconut is a fruit and oilseed, used for many things, but not typically as a primary food grain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the difference between food crops (like grains) and cash crops (like coconut or cotton) or other types of crops.

 

Question 3. The productivity of paddy during the year 2014-2015
(a) 3,039 kg
(b) 4,429 kg
(c) 2,775 kg
(d) 3,519 kg
Answer: (b) 4,429 kg
In simple words: In the years 2014-2015, the amount of rice (paddy) grown on average per unit of land was 4,429 kilograms. This number helps us understand how efficient rice farming was then.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific data points like these are best memorized directly, especially if they are highlighted in the textbook.

 

Question 4. Both agricultural productivity and food productivity has ___________
(a) decreased
(b) not stable
(c) remained stable
(d) increased
Answer: (d) increased
In simple words: Over time, both the total amount of crops grown and the specific amount of food crops grown from the land have gone up. This is a positive trend for feeding more people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand general trends in agricultural output, such as whether productivity is increasing or decreasing, as these show economic health.

 

Question 5. The North-East monsoon period in Tamil Nadu
(a) August - October
(b) September - November
(c) October - December
(d) November - January
Answer: (c) October-December
In simple words: In Tamil Nadu, the main rainy season from the North-East monsoon happens between October and December. This rainfall is very important for farming in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the timings of monsoons is crucial for understanding agricultural cycles and water availability in different regions.

II. Fill in the Blanks

 

Question 1. The major occupation of people in Tamil Nadu is ___________
Answer: Agriculture
In simple words: Most people in Tamil Nadu work in farming. It is the main way they earn money and live their lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Basic facts about a region's economy, like the main occupation, are important to remember.

 

Question 2. Tamil Nadu receives rainfall all from the ___________ monsoon.
Answer: North-East
In simple words: The main source of rain for Tamil Nadu comes from the North-East monsoon winds. This seasonal rain is vital for the state's water supply.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the primary monsoon that affects a specific region, as different parts of India rely on different monsoon systems.

 

Question 3. The total geographical area of Tamil Nadu is ___________ hectares.
Answer: one crore 30 lakh and 33 thousand
In simple words: The entire land area of Tamil Nadu measures 13,033,000 hectares. This vast area includes all its forests, cities, and farmlands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific statistics like geographical area can be tricky; try to associate them with other related facts to help recall.

III. Match the Following

 

Question. Match the following:
1. Non food crops – (i) 79,38,000
2. Dhal – (ii) less than hectare of cultivable land
3. North east monsoon – (iii) October – December
4. Small farmers – (iv) Urad Dal, Toor Dal, Green grams
5. No. of farmers in 2015 – 2016 – (v) Coconut, Channa
Answer:
1. – (v)
2. – (iv)
3. – (iii)
4. – (ii)
5. – (i)
In simple words: Non-food crops are items like coconut and channa, not eaten as main food. Dhal refers to pulses like urad, toor, and green grams. The North-East monsoon happens from October to December. Small farmers usually own less than one hectare of land. The number of farmers in 2015-2016 was 79,38,000.

🎯 Exam Tip: For match the following questions, clearly identify each pair before writing down the answers. Some options might seem to fit multiple choices at first glance.

IV. Give Short Answers

 

Question 1. Give two examples for each food crop and non-food crops.
Answer: Two examples for food crops are Paddy and Maize. Two examples for non-food crops are Coconut and Cotton. Food crops are grown primarily for human or animal consumption, while non-food crops are used for other purposes like clothing or oil.
In simple words: Rice and corn are food crops. Coconuts and cotton are non-food crops.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always give the exact number of examples asked for. It's a common mistake to give too many or too few.

 

Question 2. What are the factors responsible for the changes in the cropping area?
Answer: The changes in the area used for growing crops depend on several factors. These include the size and quality of the land available. The amount of rainfall received and the availability of a reliable water source also greatly influence how much land is cultivated each season.
In simple words: The main things that change how much land is farmed are how big and good the land is, how much rain falls, and if there is enough water.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing factors, try to categorize them (e.g., natural, economic, social) to ensure comprehensive coverage.

 

Question 3. Who monitors the quantity and quality of groundwater?
Answer: The Union Ground Water Board continuously monitors both the amount and quality of groundwater. This board has categorized different Panchayat Union blocks based on how much groundwater they use. For example, 139 blocks in Tamil Nadu are using too much groundwater, and 100 blocks are close to using too much. Also, 11 blocks have lower water quality, while only 136 blocks have enough good quality water for use. This helps in managing our underground water resources.
In simple words: The Union Ground Water Board watches how much groundwater is available and if it is good quality. They check how different areas use it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific governmental or organizational bodies responsible for environmental monitoring or resource management.

 

Question 4. On what factors does crop cultivation depend. List out the factors on which the crop cultivation depend.
Answer: Crop cultivation depends on several important factors. These include the total amount of land that can be farmed, the expected yield or productivity of the crops, and the available water sources. Weather conditions and the amount of rainfall received are also crucial for successful farming. All these elements together determine how well crops will grow.
In simple words: Growing crops depends on how much land there is, how much crop it can grow, where the water comes from, the weather, and how much it rains.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to list factors, make sure your points are distinct and directly address the question without overlap.

 

Question 5. Differentiate between small and marginal farmers.
Answer: Marginal farmers are those who cultivate an area of land that is less than one hectare. Small farmers, on the other hand, cultivate land between one and two hectares. In Tamil Nadu, the number of marginal farmers is decreasing, which shows changes in land ownership and farming practices. This classification helps in understanding the economic status of farmers.
In simple words: Marginal farmers farm less than one hectare of land, while small farmers farm between one and two hectares.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the defining characteristic (e.g., land size) for each group when differentiating between categories.

V. Answer in Detail

 

Question 1. Give a note on the water resources of Tamil Nadu.
Answer: The North-East monsoon, which occurs from October to December, is the main source of water for Tamil Nadu. The rains from this monsoon are stored in various water bodies like reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and wells, which are then used for farming. Traditional water bodies, including lakes, ponds, and canals, also supply water for agriculture. There are 2,239 canals in Tamil Nadu, covering a length of 9,750 km. Additionally, the state has 7,985 small lakes, 33,142 large lakes, 15 lakh open wells, and 3,54,000 borewells that help in agricultural irrigation. However, the amount of land irrigated by lake water is quite low, with only about 3.68 lakh hectares using it. Canals irrigate 6.68 lakh hectares, borewells irrigate 4.93 lakh hectares, and open wells irrigate 11.91 lakh hectares of land. This diverse range of water sources is critical for the state's agriculture.
In simple words: Tamil Nadu gets most of its water from the North-East monsoon, stored in reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and wells. Many canals, lakes, and wells help water the farms, but not much land uses water from lakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing resources, include both natural (monsoon) and man-made (canals, borewells) components, along with specific statistics where available.

 

Question 2. What are the problems faced by using groundwater for agriculture?
Answer: Tamil Nadu's agriculture heavily relies on groundwater, but this dependence brings several problems. Over-reliance on groundwater for farming causes many difficulties. If too much water is taken from underground and not enough goes back in during the rainy season, then the groundwater levels will drop. When more water is extracted than is replenished, the groundwater gets depleted, leading to complete dryness or the water becoming unusable due to quality issues. The Union Water Board constantly monitors the level and quality of groundwater to manage this problem. Their monitoring shows that many areas, specifically 139 Panchayat Union blocks, are overusing groundwater, and another 100 blocks are almost at that critical stage. Additionally, 11 blocks have been found to have poor water quality. Only 136 blocks currently have enough good quality water. This overuse and decreasing water quality highlight the urgent need to manage groundwater usage for farming, which is crucial for maintaining soil fertility.
In simple words: Using too much groundwater for farming causes problems like water levels dropping and water quality getting bad. Many areas are already using too much, and this affects fertile land. We need to be careful with how much groundwater we use.

🎯 Exam Tip: List problems clearly and then elaborate on their consequences. Mentioning governmental efforts to monitor or mitigate the issue adds depth to the answer.

 

Question 3. Discuss the source of irrigation for agriculture.
Answer: Tamil Nadu does not have any rivers that flow all year round. The state gets its necessary water from the North-East and South-West monsoons. During the South-West monsoon, if there is heavy rain in the Cauvery River's catchment areas in Karnataka, the dams there fill up, and then the Cauvery River flows into Tamil Nadu. However, the North-East monsoon (October-December) is the main source of water for Tamil Nadu. The rains from this monsoon are stored in reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and wells, which are crucial for farming. Traditional water bodies like lakes, ponds, and canals also provide water for agriculture. There are 2,239 canals in Tamil Nadu, stretching 9,750 km. The state also has 7,985 small lakes, 33,142 large lakes, 15 lakh open wells, and 3,54,000 borewells for irrigation. The area irrigated by lakes is low, around 3.68 lakh hectares. Canals irrigate 6.68 lakh hectares, borewells irrigate 4.93 lakh hectares, and open wells irrigate 11.91 lakh hectares. These varied sources are essential for the state's agricultural needs.
In simple words: Tamil Nadu gets water for farming from monsoons, especially the North-East monsoon. This water is stored in reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and wells. Rivers like Cauvery also provide water when dams fill up. Canals, borewells, and open wells are important ways to get water to the fields.

🎯 Exam Tip: Begin by stating the primary source of water and then explain the different methods and infrastructure used for irrigation.

Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

 

Question 1. Cholam cultivation takes place in TamilNadu is ___________
(a) 7% land area
(b) 1% land area
(c) 12% land area
(d) 9% land area
Answer: (a) 7% land area
In simple words: Cholam (sorghum) is grown on 7% of the total farmed land in Tamil Nadu. This indicates its share in the state's agriculture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on percentages related to crop cultivation as they show the importance of different crops in a region.

 

Question 2. Krishi Karman award in related to ___________
(a) cotton textile
(b) industrial growth
(c) food grain production
(d) educational growth
Answer: (c) food grain production
In simple words: The Krishi Karman award is given to states that do very well in growing food grains. It is a recognition of their excellent farming efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with important national awards and what achievements they recognize, especially in the context of economics or agriculture.

 

Question 3. Manila (groundnut) is grown in percent if the cultivated land.
(a) 6
(b) 3
(c) 10
(d) 12
Answer: (a) 6
In simple words: Groundnut, also called Manila, is grown on 6% of the total cultivated land. This shows it's a significant crop in the farming landscape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the specific names or local terms for crops mentioned in the questions, like "Manila" for groundnut.

 

Question 4. The third largest river in India ___________
(a) Cauvery
(b) Godavari
(c) Krishna
(d) Mahanadhi
Answer: (a) Cauvery
In simple words: The Cauvery River is the third-longest river in India. It plays a big role in providing water for many regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the order of major rivers in terms of length or size, especially those relevant to the region being studied.

 

Question 5. In 2011, nearly of the women were involved in agriculture ___________
(a) 35%
(b) 55%
(c) 25%
(d) 45%
Answer: (b) 55%
In simple words: In 2011, more than half of all women (55%) were working in agriculture. This shows how important women are to farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note statistics related to demographics in specific sectors, such as the percentage of women in agriculture, as they reflect societal patterns.

II. Fill the Blanks

 

Question 1. Most of the cultivations in Tamil Nadu are ___________ farmers
Answer: marginal
In simple words: Most of the farms in Tamil Nadu are run by marginal farmers, meaning they have small landholdings. This reflects the size of land ownership in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Terms like 'marginal farmers' define a specific group; ensure you understand the criteria for such classifications.

 

Question 2. A major portion of the employee involved in agricultural activities are ___________ labourers.
Answer: Landless
In simple words: Many people working in agriculture do not own land. They work as landless laborers on other people's farms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between farmers (who own land) and agricultural laborers (who work on others' land) for clarity in economic questions.

 

Question 3. In India the total land area under agriculture is ___________ fast.
Answer: shrinking
In simple words: The total amount of land used for farming in India is getting smaller quickly. This can be a concern for food supply.

🎯 Exam Tip: General trends related to land use, such as 'shrinking' agricultural land, are significant for understanding national development.

 

Question 4. If there is good water for a land, it can be cultivated more than ___________ in a year.
Answer: one crop
In simple words: If a piece of land gets enough water, farmers can grow more than one crop on it in a single year. This increases food production.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how water availability impacts cropping patterns, such as enabling multiple cropping seasons.

 

Question 5. Nammaalvar believed in ___________ the future generation of India.
Answer: youth
In simple words: Nammaalvar had strong faith that the young people of India would shape the future. He saw them as key to progress.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question refers to a specific personality, recall their key beliefs or contributions related to the topic.

III. Match the Following

 

Question. Match the following:
1. Mettur Dam – (i) Tony Allen
2. Maize – (ii) Kallanai
3. Virtual water – (iii) Vanagam farm
4. Cauvery – (iv) Highest – storage
5. Nammaalvar – (v) Second
Answer:
1. – (iv)
2. – (v)
3. – (i)
4. – (ii)
5. – (iii)
In simple words: The Mettur Dam has the highest storage capacity. Maize is the second most grown crop. The idea of Virtual Water was introduced by Tony Allen. The Kallanai Dam is built on the Cauvery River. Nammaalvar founded the Vanagam farm.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create flashcards for important dams, crops, and their features, as well as key figures and their associated concepts or projects.

IV. Give Short Answers

 

Question 1. Write a note river Cauvery.
Answer: The River Cauvery is the third-longest river in India, stretching for 765 km. It flows through important cities like Thiruchirapalli, Tanjavur, Srirangapattinam, and Kumbakonnam. Several dams, including the Mettur Dam and Kallanai, have been built across the Cauvery in Tamil Nadu to help manage its water. This river is a vital source of water for agriculture and daily life in the region. Its long course supports various ecosystems and communities.
In simple words: The Cauvery River is India's third-biggest river, 765 km long. It flows past many cities like Thiruchirapalli and has dams like Mettur Dam and Kallanai built on it in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about a river, include its length, important cities it flows through, and major structures built on it.

 

Question 2. What Is National Ayush Movement?
Answer: The National Ayush Movement is a scheme launched by the central government. Its main goal is to protect and promote many medicinal herbs that naturally grow in forests. This scheme helps to extend the life of these plants. The program is funded through a sharing arrangement where the central and state governments contribute 60% and 40% respectively. It highlights the importance of traditional medicine and natural resources. This initiative supports healthcare systems beyond modern medicine.
In simple words: The National Ayush Movement is a government plan to save and grow medicinal plants found in forests. The central and state governments share the costs to run it.

🎯 Exam Tip: For government schemes, include who implements it, its primary aim, and funding details if known.

 

Question 3. Write a note on Krishi Karman award to TamllNadu.
Answer: According to 2017 data, Tamil Nadu was among the states with the highest GDP in India. During 2015-2016, Tamil Nadu achieved top rankings in food grain production. Because of this excellent performance, the Prime Minister presented the Krishi Karman award to Tamil Nadu. This award recognizes the state's significant contributions to increasing food grain output. Additionally, the Mettur dam plays a crucial role in Tamil Nadu, having the largest water storage capacity for agricultural purposes.
In simple words: Tamil Nadu got the Krishi Karman award from the Prime Minister for growing a lot of food grains in 2015-2016. It was also one of the top states in GDP by 2017.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing an award, state who received it, from whom, and for what specific achievement, along with any relevant supporting facts.

 

Question 4. Write a note on Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in TamilNadu.
Answer: Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) in Tamil Nadu are set up to help small and marginal farmers. In April 2013, the Government of India issued a National Policy and Process Guidelines for forming FPOs. The year 2014 was even designated as the "Year of Farmer Producer Organisations" by the government. The main goal of FPOs is to promote and strengthen farmer-led groups. These organizations help farmers by engaging farmer companies to buy their agricultural products and sell them. FPOs also provide inputs like seeds, fertilizer, machinery, and market connections. They offer training, networking opportunities, and financial and technical advice to their members, helping farmers improve their practices and get better prices for their produce.
In simple words: Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) help small farmers in Tamil Nadu. They assist with buying and selling crops, providing tools, training, and advice. The government started a policy in 2013 to form these groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining an organization, cover its purpose, beneficiaries, government policies related to it, and the services it provides.

V. Answer in Detail

 

Question 1. Write about Nammaalvari journey towards Organic farming?
Answer: Nammaalvar began his journey towards organic farming when the Green Revolution was widespread across the nation. He even resigned from his post as a regional Agricultural Developmental Officer to pursue this purpose. He strongly believed that the youth are the future generation of India. Nammaalvar helped train nearly 6000 young people in organic farming at his Vanagam Farm. He spent most of his days striving for organic farming, traveling widely to campaign for it. He used only public transport for his travels. He felt that his efforts were a small but important way to reduce environmental pollution and promote sustainable agriculture. His dedication helped spread awareness about eco-friendly farming methods.
In simple words: Nammaalvar left his government job to start organic farming when others were doing Green Revolution farming. He trained many young people at his Vanagam Farm and traveled to promote organic farming, hoping to reduce pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: For biographical questions, highlight key life events, beliefs, significant contributions, and the impact of their work.

 

Question 2. Explain the term Virtual water.
Answer: The concept of "virtual water" was first introduced by Tony Allen in 1990. It refers to the amount of water used during the entire production process of an agricultural or industrial product. This includes all the water consumed to grow, make, or process an item. Virtual water represents a hidden flow of water when food or other goods are traded between different places. For example, it takes about 1340 cubic meters of water to produce one metric ton of wheat. So, if one metric ton of wheat is exported, it means that 1340 cubic meters of virtual water are also being exported. India is the largest user of freshwater globally and ranks as the fifth-largest exporter of virtual water in the world. Understanding virtual water helps in managing water resources more efficiently on a global scale.
In simple words: Virtual water is all the water used to make a product, like growing wheat. It's 'hidden' water that moves when we trade goods. Tony Allen first talked about this idea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the term clearly, mention its origin, provide a practical example, and explain its significance in trade and resource management.

 

Question 3. Write a note on Micro Irrigation.
Answer: Micro irrigation technology is an excellent solution for dealing with water shortages in farming. This method helps achieve higher crop yields compared to older, traditional irrigation techniques. With micro irrigation, only the exact amount of water needed is supplied to plants at regular times. This smart use of water increases how well water is utilized and boosts crop productivity. It also helps reduce labor costs and prevents excessive weed growth in the fields. The government has taken many steps to implement micro irrigation widely to ensure water is distributed correctly to crops that need it most. This system conserves water and makes farming more efficient.
In simple words: Micro irrigation is a good way to save water in farming. It gives small amounts of water to plants often, leading to more crops and less water waste. The government is promoting this method.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain what micro irrigation is, its benefits (efficiency, yield, cost reduction), and efforts to implement it.

 

Question 4. What are Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)?
Answer: Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) are groups formed to support small and marginal farmers. In April 2013, the Government of India introduced a National Policy and Process Guidelines to help create these FPOs. The year 2014 was even recognized as the "Year of Farmer Producer Organisations" by the government. The main idea behind FPOs is to promote and strengthen farmer-owned institutions. They aim to connect farmer-run companies to buy agricultural products from their members and sell them in the market. FPOs also provide crucial inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and machinery. They help with market connections, offer training and networking opportunities, and give financial and technical advice. These activities aim to improve farmers' income and make their operations more sustainable.
In simple words: Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) are groups that help small farmers. They help farmers buy things like seeds and machinery, and also sell their crops. The Indian government started a policy in 2013 to create more FPOs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the definition of FPOs, their objectives, the support they provide, and their importance for farmers.

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