Samacheer Kalvi Class 9 Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Human Right

I. Choose the correct answer

 

Question 1. Apartheid was followed by _________
(a) South Sudan
(b) South Africa
(c) Nigeria
(d) Egypt
Answer: (b) South Africa
In simple words: Apartheid was a system of racial separation in South Africa. It meant people were treated differently based on their race.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key historical terms like 'Apartheid' and the country most associated with them for multiple-choice questions.

 

Question 2. _________ right exercises in the formation and administration of a government.
(a) Social
(b) Economic
(c) Political
(d) Cultural
Answer: (c) Political
In simple words: Political rights allow people to take part in how their country is run. This includes things like voting and being able to hold public office.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different types of rights (social, economic, political, cultural) by thinking about what each allows citizens to do in a society.

 

Question 3. A 10 year old boy is working in a shop. Which right can you use to recover him?
(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right against child labour exploitation
(d) Right to freedom of Religion
Answer: (c) Right against child labour exploitation
In simple words: A child of 10 years should not be working in a shop because it goes against the law that protects children from being forced to work. This right ensures children can have a proper childhood and education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific protections offered by each right, especially those related to vulnerable groups like children.

 

Question 4. What is the time limit to get the information from RTI Act 2005?
(a) 20 days
(b) 25 days
(c) 30 days
(d) 35 days
Answer: (c) 30 days
In simple words: The Right to Information (RTI) Act allows people to ask for information from the government. The government usually has 30 days to provide this information.

🎯 Exam Tip: For acts and laws, remember the key details like deadlines or specific age limits, as these are often tested.

 

Question 5. Which of the following statements are true?
(i) The state Human Rights commission was established in 1993.
(ii) It has the power of a civil court.
(iii) It's power extend beyond the state.
(iv) It can also recommend compensation to victims.
(a) i and ii are true
(b) i and iii are true
(c) i, ii and iii are true
(d) ii, iii and iv are true
Answer: Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) are true.
The State Human Rights Commission was established in 1993 and it has the powers of a civil court to conduct inquiries. It can also recommend compensation to victims of human rights violations. However, its power does not extend beyond the state it operates within.
In simple words: The Human Rights Commission for a state was started in 1993. It acts like a court to find out what happened and can tell people to pay money to those who were harmed. Its work is only for that state, not for other states or the whole country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to statements that define scope (e.g., 'beyond the state') as these are common areas for error in true/false questions about institutions.

 

Question 6. Consider the following statements. Assertions (A): Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin. Reason (R): We have a right to freedom of religions. We have to promote harmony and the spirit of the people of other religions.
(a) Both A and R are correct and R explains A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R does not explain A
(c) A is correct but R is false
(d) A is false but R is correct
Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct and R explains A
In simple words: The idea that rights and duties go together is correct. The reason is also correct, as freedom of religion means we should respect everyone's beliefs and help everyone live peacefully together. This shows how our duties support our rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true. Then, check if the Reason directly explains the Assertion.

 

Question 7. According to the UNO, a child is a person who has not completed the age of _________ years
(a) 12
(b) 14
(c) 16
(d) 18
Answer: (d) 18
In simple words: The United Nations says that a person is considered a child until they turn 18 years old. This age is important because it determines when someone has full adult rights and responsibilities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand key definitions and age limits set by international bodies like the UNO, as these are foundational concepts.

 

Question 8. Kailash Satyarthi and Malala have been awarded Nobel Prize for _________
(a) Literature
(b) Peace
(c) Physics
(d) Economics
Answer: (b) Peace
In simple words: Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai both won the Nobel Peace Prize for their work. They fought for children's rights and education around the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep up with current affairs and significant awards, especially those related to human rights and social justice. These often appear in general knowledge sections.

 

II. Fill in the blanks

 

Question 1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Contains __________ articles.
Answer: 30
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has 30 main parts. These parts list all the important human rights that everyone should have.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the number of articles in foundational documents like the UDHR shows a good understanding of its structure.

 

Question 2. The fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Constitution by __________ Amendment Act.
Answer: 42nd
In simple words: Important duties for citizens were added to the Indian Constitution. This happened through the 42nd change to the Constitution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific amendment number associated with major constitutional changes like the inclusion of Fundamental Duties.

 

Question 3. The National Human Rights commission was established on ___________.
Answer: 12th October 1993
In simple words: The main group that looks after human rights in India was set up on October 12, 1993. This commission helps protect people's rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: For commissions and organizations, recall their establishment date as it marks their beginning and significance.

 

Question 4. Indian state to implement women ancestral property Act in 1989 was ___________.
Answer: Tamil Nadu
In simple words: Tamil Nadu was the first Indian state to pass a law in 1989. This law gave women the right to inherit family property.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note specific states that are pioneers in social legislation, as they highlight progressive policy-making.

 

III. Match the following

 

Question 1. Match the following
1. Right to Vote – (i) Cultural Rights
2. Right to form union – (ii) Right against exploitation
3. Right to preserve tradition – (iii) Political Rights
4. The Hindu Succession Act – (iv) Right to freedom
5. Child labour – (v) 2005
Answer:
1. Right to Vote – (iii) Political Rights
2. Right to form union – (iv) Right to freedom
3. Right to preserve tradition – (i) Cultural Rights
4. The Hindu Succession Act – (v) 2005
5. Child labour – (ii) Right against exploitation
In simple words: This match shows how different rights and laws are connected. For example, voting is a political right, and joining a union is part of your freedom. Keeping old customs is a cultural right, and laws like the Hindu Succession Act or rules against child labour protect certain groups and ensure fairness.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, identify key terms and their most direct category. For example, "vote" clearly links to "political rights."

 

IV. Give short answers

 

Question 1. What is Human Right?
Answer: The U.N.O defines Human rights as “The right inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion or any other status. Everyone is entitled to these rights without discrimination". Human rights are basic moral principles that apply to everyone, everywhere.
In simple words: Human rights are basic things that every person should have, just because they are human. These rights mean that everyone must be treated fairly, no matter who they are or where they come from.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining key terms like Human Rights, include the universal aspect (applies to all) and the non-discriminatory nature.

 

Question 2. What are the fundamental rights?
Answer: The fundamental rights are:
1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
5. Cultural and Educational Rights for minorities
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies
These rights are very important for every citizen's overall growth and protection.
In simple words: Fundamental rights are basic rights given to citizens by their country's law. They make sure people are treated equally, can live freely, are safe from being used unfairly, can follow their own religion, can get education and protect their culture, and can go to court if their rights are taken away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate fundamental rights clearly and correctly, as they are central to civics and governance. Try to remember them in a logical order.

 

Question 3. What are the Child Rights defined by the UNO?
Answer: The UNO has defined several child rights, which are:

• Right to life
• Right to the family environment
• Right to Education
• Right to benefit from Social security
• Right against sexual exploitation
• Right against sale or trafficking
• Right against other forms of exploitation like Child labour.

These rights ensure that every child gets a safe and nurturing environment to grow.
In simple words: The United Nations lists many rights for children. These include the right to live, to grow up in a family, to go to school, to get help from the government if needed, and to be safe from bad things like being used for work or being sold.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing rights for specific groups like children, focus on areas directly impacting their well-being, such as protection, education, and family.

 

Question 4. Write a short note on the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Answer: The Right to Constitutional Remedies is a very important right:
1. Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution.
2. This right allows a person to use legal methods and approach a court if their Fundamental Rights are denied.
3. The court then issues orders called 'Writs' to the government to restore the citizen's rights.
4. Constitutional Remedies correct anything wrong in terms of the Constitution.
5. This right acts as a protector for all other rights, ensuring they are upheld. It's like the heart of the Fundamental Rights.
In simple words: This right means if someone's basic rights (like freedom or equality) are taken away, they can go to court for help. The court can then tell the government to fix the problem. This right protects all the other important rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the unique role of this right as an 'enforcer' or 'protector' of other fundamental rights, and mention 'Writs' as the mechanism.

 

Question 5. Define: POCSO
Answer: POCSO stands for The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012.
1. This act states that the government should protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse, especially when they are forced or tricked into sexual activities both physically and mentally.
2. The Act aims to safeguard the best interests of the child at every stage of legal proceedings. This law provides strong legal protection for children in India.
In simple words: POCSO is a special law made in 2012 to protect children from sexual crimes. It helps keep children safe from harm and ensures they are looked after properly by the law.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining acronyms, provide the full form and a concise explanation of its purpose and year of enactment.

 

Question 6. Why do children need special attention?
Answer: Children need special attention for several reasons:
1. Children are the future citizens of a nation, and their proper development is crucial.
2. They should grow up in an environment of warmth and interest to thrive.
3. Special attention helps children feel secure and valued, which is important for their emotional health.
4. From birth, children need positive experiences and relationships that show them they are valued and capable, bringing joy to others.
5. Giving children special attention helps build their self-image positively over time. Investing in children's well-being is an investment in the future of society.
In simple words: Children are important for the future of the country. They need love and care to grow up well, feel safe, and know their worth. This special attention helps them become happy and confident adults.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining 'why' questions, provide multi-faceted reasons, covering developmental, societal, and emotional aspects.

 

Question 7. What are the contributions to labourers by B.R, Ambedkar?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar made significant contributions to labourers, including:

• Reduction in Factory Working Hours (8 hours a day)
• Compulsory Recognition of Trade Unions
• Employment Exchange in India
• Employees State Insurance (ESI)
• Minimum Wages
• Coal and Mica Mines Provident Fund

His efforts aimed to improve the working conditions and social security of labourers, ensuring fair treatment and better quality of life.
In simple words: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar helped workers a lot. He fought for an 8-hour workday, made sure workers could form unions, created job centers, started insurance for workers (ESI), set minimum pay, and created a savings fund for mine workers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing historical figures, focus on their specific achievements and reforms, especially those that created lasting institutions or laws.

 

Question 8. 'All are equal before law'. But we have enacted a separate law for women - Justify
Answer: While the principle "All are equal before law" is fundamental, separate laws for women are enacted to address historical and systemic disadvantages, thereby achieving actual equality. This approach is justified because:
1. Separate laws for women, such as those related to constitutional and legal safeguards, help to review and enhance their protection.
2. These laws recommend specific measures to correct existing imbalances and provide remedies for women.
3. They advise the government on all policy matters that affect the welfare and development of women in the country, ensuring their unique needs are met.
4. Women's rights under the Constitution of India primarily include equality, dignity, and freedom from discrimination, which these special laws help to secure. Such laws act as affirmative action to bring women to par with men.
In simple words: Even though everyone is equal by law, special laws for women are needed. This is because women have faced unfair treatment for a long time. These special laws help to make sure women are truly equal, safe, and get the help they need to develop.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying seemingly contradictory policies (like equality vs. special laws), explain the underlying principle (affirmative action) and the specific disadvantages being addressed.

 

Question 9. Write about the Right against exploitation.
Answer: The Right against Exploitation is a crucial fundamental right in India. It prohibits various forms of forced labor and child labor. Specifically, it makes it illegal to employ children below 14 years of age in mines, factories, or other hazardous occupations. Furthermore, this right ensures that neither a contractor nor an employer can force a worker to do a job against their will, protecting individual freedom and dignity. This right is critical for safeguarding the most vulnerable sections of society.
In simple words: The Right against Exploitation means that no one can be forced to work against their will or be made to work like a slave. It also says that children under 14 years old cannot work in dangerous places like mines or factories. It protects people from being used unfairly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the two main aspects of this right: prohibition of child labor and prohibition of forced labor/human trafficking.

 

Question 10. Differentiate Fundamental Rights and Human Rights.
Answer: Here are the differences between Fundamental Rights and Human Rights:
Fundamental Rights:
1. These are the basic rights of a country's citizens, listed in its constitution and enforceable by law.
2. Fundamental rights include only those rights that are essential for a normal life within that nation.
3. These rights are guaranteed by the country's constitution.
Human Rights:
1. These are the rights that a human being deserves to have for a dignified life, encompassing respect and freedoms.
2. Human rights include those rights that are basic to real life and are considered absolute, meaning they cannot be taken away.
3. Human rights are recognized at the international level, applicable globally. Human rights form the broader, universal concept, while fundamental rights are the constitutional manifestation within a nation.
In simple words: Fundamental Rights are special rights given by a country's own constitution to its citizens. Human Rights are bigger; they are basic rights that everyone in the world should have, no matter where they live, because they are human.

🎯 Exam Tip: For differentiation questions, use clear, distinct points for each category. Emphasize that human rights are universal, while fundamental rights are country-specific and constitutionally guaranteed.

 

V. Answer in detail

 

Question 1. A paragraph about UDHR.
Answer: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a very important document in the history of human rights.
1. It was the first time that fundamental human rights were set out to be protected all over the world. The UDHR has been translated into many languages so that everyone can understand it.
2. There are 30 articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These articles promise freedom of speech and other basic rights like civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights.
3. These rights apply to all people, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, or any other status. This means all people are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
4. It serves as a common standard for all nations to achieve, guiding laws and policies globally.
In simple words: The UDHR is a landmark document from the United Nations that lists 30 basic human rights. It ensures that everyone, everywhere, has rights like freedom of speech and is treated equally, no matter who they are. It helps countries make laws to protect these rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing UDHR, mention its key features: milestone document, 30 articles, universal application, and non-discriminatory principles.

 

Question 2. What are the fundamental duties? How would you follow these in your school premises?
Answer: The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution of India by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976. The Constitution lists eleven Fundamental Duties, which are:
1. To respect the Constitution and its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2. To follow and cherish the noble ideals that inspired our National Struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India, going beyond religious, linguistic, regional, or sectional differences, and to reject practices that insult the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to avoid violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all areas of individual and collective activity, so that the nation always reaches higher levels of effort and success.
11. To provide opportunities for education to a child or ward between the ages of 6 and 14 years by their parent or guardian.

How I would follow these in my school premises:
In school, I would follow these duties with determination and discipline. For instance, I would stand respectfully for the National Anthem, keep school property clean, treat all classmates with respect regardless of their background, and always try my best in studies and activities. This shows how duties are fulfilled in daily life.
In simple words: Fundamental Duties are rules for citizens added to our Constitution in 1976. They tell us to respect our country, protect its environment, be kind to everyone, and always try to do our best. In school, I would follow these by respecting my teachers, keeping the school clean, and being friendly to all my classmates.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing duties, try to group similar points (e.g., respect for symbols, environmental protection). For the 'how' part, use concrete, relatable examples that demonstrate application in a school setting.

 

Question 3. Explain Child Rights.
Child Rights are,
(a) Right to life:
1. A child has the right to live even before its birth.
2. The right to survival also includes the right to be born, the right to basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing, and a dignified living.
(b) Right to the Family environment:
1. A child has the right to live a normal childhood in a family environment.
2. Children who have been left without parents, abandoned, or orphaned also have the right to live.
3. These children can be given for adoption to caring families.
(c) Right to benefit from Social security:
1. Children should get financial support from the country when their parents or guardians are unable to provide them with a good standard of living because of illness, disability, or old age. This ensures no child is left behind.
(d) Right to Education:
1. The Right to Education Act, enacted in 2009, is a law passed by the Parliament of India. It ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years, as stated under Article 21A of the Constitution.
(e) Right against sale or trafficking:
1. Children should be treated as individuals with fundamental human rights.
2. They are often subjected to sale or trafficking for various reasons like economic exploitation, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, drug trafficking, and child labor.
(f) Right against sexual exploitation:
1. The government should protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse.
2. This protection is provided through the POCSO Act – The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012.
(g) Right against other forms of exploitation like Child labour:
1. Children are often employed in several industries.
2. These children are deprived of their childhood, health, and education, which is against their rights.
Answer: Child Rights are special legal, moral, and social rights that ensure children are protected, cared for, and allowed to develop fully. They cover various aspects of a child's well-being:
(a) Right to life: Every child has the right to be born and to live, with access to essential needs like food, shelter, and clothing for a dignified existence.
(b) Right to the Family environment: Children have the right to grow up in a normal family setting. Orphans or abandoned children also deserve a home, often through adoption into loving families.
(c) Right to benefit from Social security: If parents or guardians cannot support a child due to health or age issues, the government should provide financial help. This ensures no child suffers poverty.
(d) Right to Education: The Right to Education Act of 2009 makes it mandatory for children aged 6 to 14 to receive free education. This is vital for their future.
(e) Right against sale or trafficking: Children must be seen as individuals with rights, not as goods to be bought or sold. This right protects them from being illegally moved or traded for exploitation.
(f) Right against sexual exploitation: Children must be protected from any sexual abuse. Laws like the POCSO Act (2012) are specifically designed to safeguard children from such harm.
(g) Right against other forms of exploitation like Child labour: Children should not be made to work, especially in factories or other difficult jobs. This right ensures they get to enjoy their childhood, stay healthy, and go to school instead of working. These comprehensive rights aim to ensure every child has a happy and secure upbringing.
In simple words: Child Rights are special rules to protect kids. They mean every child has the right to live, grow up in a family, go to school, and be safe from being hurt or forced to work. Laws like POCSO help keep children safe from very serious harms.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining various rights, use clear sub-headings or bullet points for each category. For each right, state its main purpose and, if applicable, a specific associated law or act.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Human Rights Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

 

Question 1. UDHR played a crucial role in promoting __________
(a) Individual Rights
(b) Fundamental Rights
(c) Human Rights
(d) None of the options
Answer: (c) Human Rights
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was very important for promoting human rights around the world. It helped make people aware of these rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that UDHR stands for Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is a foundational document for global human rights awareness.

 

Question 2. The life of people became meaningful through __________
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Civics Rights
(c) Political Rights
(d) Cultural Rights
Answer: (a) Fundamental Rights
In simple words: When people have fundamental rights, their lives become more complete and worthwhile. These rights provide a basic foundation for a good life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between fundamental rights and other types of rights, as they are crucial for a person's dignity and well-being.

 

Question 3. Fundamental duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution in the year __________
(a) 1980
(b) 1975
(c) 1976
(d) 1950
Answer: (c) 1976
In simple words: India added fundamental duties to its Constitution in 1976. This was done to remind citizens of their responsibilities alongside their rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the year 1976 as the key date for the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution during the 42nd Amendment.

 

Question 4. Childline in India is __________
(a) 100
(b) 108
(c) 1098
(d) 1028
Answer: (c) 1098
In simple words: Childline in India is a helpline number, 1098, that children can call for help and support. It's an important service to protect children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 1098 as the national emergency helpline number for children in distress in India.

 

Question 5. NCW was constituted to safeguard __________
(a) Children
(b) Labourers
(c) Students
(d) Women
Answer: (d) Women
In simple words: The National Commission for Women (NCW) was created to protect and promote the rights and interests of women. It works for gender equality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify NCW as a body specifically dedicated to protecting and advocating for women's rights and welfare.

 

Question 6. Which of the following statements are true?
(i) UDHR is not a legally binding document.
(ii) UDHR has political and moral importance.
(a) (i) is correct (ii) is wrong
(b) (i) is wrong (ii) is correct
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are wrong
(d) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
Answer: (d) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: The UDHR is not a law that courts can enforce directly, but it is very important morally and politically around the world. It inspires many laws and policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that while UDHR is not a treaty, its moral authority is immense, influencing national and international human rights laws globally.

 

Question 7. Consider the following statements- Assertion (A): Child marriages should be avoided. Reason (R) : When girls get married early, they lose many privileges thereby affecting the society as a whole.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) does not explain (A)
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is correct
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A)
In simple words: Child marriages should not happen because when girls marry young, they miss out on many opportunities. This harms not just them but also the whole society.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are true individually, then evaluate if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

II. Fill in the blanks

 

Question 1. Gandhi was evicted from a first class compartment on the night of ____________________
Answer: 7th June 1893
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi was removed from a train compartment on the night of June 7, 1893, in South Africa. This event was a major turning point in his life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key historical dates and events often appear in fill-in-the-blanks; remember the specific date of this important incident in Gandhi's early activism.

 

Question 2. UNO was established in the year ____________________
Answer: 1945
In simple words: The United Nations Organization (UNO) was created in 1945. Its goal was to promote peace and cooperation among countries after World War II.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the establishment year of major international organizations like the UNO is important for general knowledge and history.

 

Question 3. UNO was formed after ____________________
Answer: Second world war
In simple words: The UNO was set up right after the Second World War ended. Leaders hoped it would help prevent future large-scale conflicts and keep world peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the formation of the UNO to the desire for global peace and cooperation following the devastation of World War II.

 

Question 4. In 1994 ____________________ became the President of South Africa.
Answer: Nelson Mandela
In simple words: Nelson Mandela became the President of South Africa in 1994. This marked a very important moment, ending apartheid and bringing democracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Nelson Mandela's presidency in 1994 signifies a historic transition to a democratic, non-racial South Africa.

 

Question 5. The milestone document in the history of human rights is ____________________
Answer: the Universal Declaration of Human rights
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a very important document that outlines basic rights for all people. It serves as a guide for human rights worldwide.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the UDHR as the most significant international document defining human rights, influencing many national constitutions.

 

Question 6. Political rights are given to the citizens by ____________________
Answer: Law
In simple words: Political rights are given to people by the laws of their country. These laws decide who can vote, stand for elections, and participate in government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that political rights are enshrined and enforced through the legal framework of a nation's constitution and laws.

 

Question 8. Protection and promotion of human rights is India in the responsibility of ____________________
Answer: NHRC
In simple words: In India, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is responsible for protecting and promoting human rights. It investigates abuses and makes recommendations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note NHRC as the key national body in India tasked with upholding and safeguarding human rights.

 

Question 9. Malala shared the Nobel Peace prize with ____________________
Answer: Kailash Satyatarathi
In simple words: Malala Yousafzai shared her Nobel Peace Prize with Kailash Satyarthi. They both received the award for their work promoting children's rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the names of Nobel laureates and their contributions, especially when they are associated with human rights and child welfare.

 

Question 10. One of the RTI activists is ____________________
Answer: Aruna Roy / Nikil Dey
In simple words: Aruna Roy and Nikhil Dey are important activists who worked hard to bring the Right to Information (RTI) Act into law in India. Their efforts helped people get government information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures associated with significant social movements and legislative changes, such as the RTI Act.

III. Match the following

 

Question 1.
1. Right to Vote – (i) Cultural Rights
2. Right to form union – (ii) Right against exploitation
3. Right to preserve tradition – (iii) Political Rights
4. The Hindu Succession Act – (iv) Right to freedom
5. Child labour – (v) 2005
Answer:
1. - (iii)
2. - (iv)
3. - (i)
4. - (v)
5. - (ii)
In simple words: Matching helps us connect specific rights or laws to their correct categories or related events. For example, voting is a political right, and child labor relates to exploitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, identify keywords in each item to quickly link them to their corresponding category or concept.

IV. Give short answers

 

Question 1. What are Extended rights?
Answer: Extended rights are those that go beyond basic human rights. These include rights specific to children, Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST), women, the Right to Information (RTI) Act, and various labor laws. These rights ensure protection and opportunities for specific groups. These specific rights help different groups in society get fair treatment.
In simple words: Extended rights are special rights for groups like children, women, and marginalized communities. They also include laws like the Right to Information and labor protections.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on categorizing different types of rights to understand their scope and the specific groups they protect.

 

Question 2. What is Apartheid?
Answer: Apartheid was a system of social discrimination and racial segregation that was the highest form of discrimination in South Africa. Under this policy, places of residence were decided based on racial classification. It was the governing policy where the minority white population ruled over the majority non-white population. The people of South Africa strongly protested against this racial discrimination. This system caused great suffering and injustice for many years.
In simple words: Apartheid was a harsh system in South Africa that separated people by race and gave power to the white minority. It was a severe form of discrimination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define Apartheid by its core characteristics: racial segregation, social discrimination, and its specific historical context in South Africa.

 

Question 3. What is Apartheid?
Answer:
1. Apartheid means social discrimination.
2. Apartheid was the highest form of discrimination that existed in South Africa.
3. Places of residences were determined by racial classification.
4. It was the governing policy in the country by the minority whites over the majority non-whites.
5. The people of South Africa protested against racial discrimination. This system ensured that people were treated differently based on their skin color, leading to deep unfairness.
In simple words: Apartheid was a strict system in South Africa that separated people by race and gave all power to the white minority. People fought against this unfair racial division.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a multi-faceted definition of Apartheid, including its meaning, implementation, and the public's reaction to it.

 

Question 4. Write a note on Nelson Mandela.
Answer:
1. Nelson Mandela strongly spoke out against Apartheid.
2. He organized campaigns of resistance against the government and was imprisoned for his activism.
3. He was released from prison in 1990 by President F.W. de Klerk.
4. The joint efforts of Mandela and de Klerk helped end apartheid.
5. In 1994, a general election was held, and Nelson Mandela, as the leader of the African National Congress, became President. His leadership brought hope and change to millions, guiding South Africa towards democracy.
In simple words: Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid, spent many years in prison, and then worked with President de Klerk to end it. He became South Africa's first black President in 1994.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Nelson Mandela's key roles: anti-apartheid activist, prisoner, collaborator for peace, and the first black President of South Africa.

 

Question 5. What do the 30 articles of UDHR guarantee?
Answer:
1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) consists of 30 articles.
2. These articles guarantee freedom of expression, along with Civil, Political, Social, Economic, and Cultural Rights.
3. These rights apply to all people, regardless of their race, gender, and nationality, because all people are born free and equal. The UDHR serves as a blueprint for human rights globally.
In simple words: The 30 articles of the UDHR guarantee many freedoms like speech, and also civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights. They apply to everyone because all people are born free and equal.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing UDHR articles, remember to mention the broad categories of rights they cover (Civil, Political, Social, Economic, Cultural) and their universal application.

 

Question 6. What are the social and economic rights assured by UDHR?
Answer:
1. Social rights are necessary for people to fully take part in society.
2. Economic rights ensure that every person has the conditions needed to meet their basic needs.
3. These rights are part of legal principles that help maintain economic equality and freedom within a State. The UDHR emphasizes that these rights are essential for human dignity and development.
In simple words: Social rights let everyone be a full part of society. Economic rights make sure people can meet their basic needs. Both are important for a fair and free country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between social rights (participation in society) and economic rights (meeting basic needs) while noting their importance under the UDHR.

 

Question 7. What are the cultural rights assured by UDHR?
Answer: Cultural rights are human rights that aim to ensure everyone can enjoy culture and its various parts equally, with human dignity, and without discrimination. These rights allow individuals to participate in the cultural life of their community. For example, the right to participate in cultural life, enjoy the arts, and share in scientific advancement are all cultural rights.
In simple words: Cultural rights allow everyone to enjoy their culture, arts, and science fairly and with dignity, without being discriminated against.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that cultural rights ensure access to and participation in cultural life, promoting diversity and non-discrimination.

 

Question 8. What does the term Civil rights refer to?
Answer:
1. The term 'Civil rights' refers to the basic rights given by the laws of the government.
2. These rights are guaranteed to every person regardless of their race, nationality, color, gender, age, or religion. Civil rights protect individual liberties and ensure equal treatment before the law. For instance, the right to vote or freedom of speech are civil rights.
In simple words: Civil rights are basic rights given by law to everyone, no matter their background. They protect individual freedoms and ensure fair treatment.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining civil rights, highlight their legal basis and universal application, ensuring protection against discrimination.

 

Question 9. What Is meant by political rights?
Answer:
1. Political rights are exercised in the formation and administration of a government.
2. These rights are given to the citizens by law.
3. They give citizens the power to participate directly or indirectly in the administration. Political rights allow citizens to have a say in how their country is governed, such as voting in elections. For instance, the right to vote and the right to stand for election are political rights.
In simple words: Political rights let citizens take part in how their government is run. These rights are given by law and include voting or running for office.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the active participation aspect of political rights, linking them to a citizen's involvement in governance and decision-making.

 

Question 10. Write a note on the Right to Equality.
Answer:
1. The Right to Equality means everyone is equal before the law and gets equal protection from the law.
2. It prohibits any discrimination based on religion, caste, race, gender, or place of birth, as such discrimination is offensive.
3. People can seek justice from the court if such a situation arises. This right is fundamental for ensuring fairness and justice in society. For example, everyone should have equal access to public places regardless of their background.
In simple words: The Right to Equality means everyone is treated the same by the law and protected equally. It stops discrimination based on things like religion or race. If treated unfairly, people can go to court.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the Right to Equality, emphasize both 'equality before the law' and 'equal protection of the laws,' along with the prohibited grounds of discrimination.

 

Question 11. Explain the Right against exploitation.
Answer:
1. The Right against Exploitation makes it illegal to employ children under 14 years old in mines, factories, or other dangerous jobs.
2. It also means that neither a contractor nor an employer can force a worker to do a job against their will. This right protects individuals from forced labor and harmful working conditions. For example, it prevents adults from being forced into labor they don't want to do.
In simple words: This right stops child labor, especially in dangerous places like mines. It also means no one can be forced to work against their will.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the two main aspects of the Right against Exploitation: prohibition of child labor and prohibition of forced labor.

 

Question 12. How are people assured of freedom of religion?
Answer:
1. The right to freedom of conscience and religion gives citizens the freedom to follow and practice any religion of their choice.
2. All citizens have the freedom of conscience or ideas.
3. Citizens also have the freedom to follow their own ways of practicing any religion. This means people can choose their beliefs and practice them openly, as long as it doesn't harm others. For example, people can choose to worship in a temple, mosque, or church, or not to worship at all.
In simple words: People are free to choose and practice any religion they want, or no religion at all. This right allows everyone to follow their own beliefs and traditions freely.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain freedom of religion by covering freedom of conscience, the right to practice, and the right to propagate one's religion, within reasonable limits.

 

Question 13. What is a Writ?
Answer: A Writ is a written order issued by a court or another legal authority. It tells someone to do a specific act or to stop doing it. Writs are powerful tools used by courts to protect citizens' rights and ensure justice. For instance, a writ of habeas corpus ensures that a person who is arrested is brought before a judge.
In simple words: A Writ is a formal order from a court or legal body that commands someone to do something or to stop doing it. It helps ensure legal fairness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a Writ as a formal legal order from a court or authority, specifying its function in directing actions or inactions.

 

Question 14. How are senior citizens legally protected?
Answer:
1. The Senior Citizens Act was passed in 2007 by the Government of India.
2. This Act creates a legal obligation for children and heirs to provide maintenance to senior citizens and their parents. This law helps protect older people by ensuring their families care for them. For example, if children neglect their elderly parents, the law can make them provide financial support.
In simple words: Senior citizens are protected by a law from 2007. This law makes it a legal duty for children and relatives to take care of their elderly parents and provide for them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the specific Act (Senior Citizens Act, 2007) and its primary purpose: ensuring maintenance for senior citizens by their children/heirs.

 

Question 15. What is NHRC?
Answer:
1. NHRC stands for the National Human Rights Commission. It is an autonomous body formed on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
2. It includes a chairman and several other members.
3. NHRC is responsible for protecting and promoting human rights in India. The commission plays a crucial role in safeguarding the rights of individuals. For example, it investigates complaints of human rights violations and recommends actions.
In simple words: NHRC is the National Human Rights Commission, set up in 1993. It's a special group that works to protect and spread awareness about human rights in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining NHRC, include its full form, establishment year, the Act under which it was formed, and its core functions of protection and promotion.

 

Question 16. What is SHRC?
Answer:
1. SHRC refers to the State Human Rights Commission.
2. Every state in India has a State Human Rights Commission, which is established according to the power given to the state under section 21 of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
3. The protection and promotion of human rights are the main concerns of the Commission. These commissions work at the state level to address human rights issues specific to their region. For instance, an SHRC would investigate a human rights complaint within its own state.
In simple words: SHRC is the State Human Rights Commission, found in each Indian state. It works to protect and promote human rights in that specific state, just like the national body does for the whole country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate SHRC from NHRC by emphasizing its state-level jurisdiction and its establishment under the same Protection of Human Rights Act.

 

Question 17. When were the Rights of the child accepted by the UNO?
Answer:
1. A child is considered a person who has not completed 18 years of age, or a minor, according to the UNO.
2. This principle is shown in Articles 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
3. Based on these principles, the declaration of the Rights of the child was accepted and adopted in the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989. This marked a global commitment to protecting children's welfare. For example, this declaration ensures rights to education, health, and protection from harm for all children.
In simple words: The UNO accepted the Rights of the child on November 20, 1989. This declaration says anyone under 18 is a child and has special rights to be protected and cared for.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the date (November 20, 1989) and the age definition (under 18) as key details for the UN's acceptance of child rights.

 

Question 18. What is Childline?
Answer:
1. Childline (1098) is India's first 24-hour free emergency phone service for children who need help.
2. It provides special care for vulnerable children, such as those affected by child labor, child marriage, or any form of abuse. Childline works to ensure that children in difficult situations receive immediate support and protection. For instance, a child facing abuse can call 1098 for help.
In simple words: Childline (1098) is a free 24-hour helpline in India for children who need emergency help. It supports children facing problems like abuse or child labor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify Childline by its emergency number (1098) and its role in providing immediate support and protection for vulnerable children.

 

Question 19. Where do we find Child Rights in the Indian constitution?
Answer:
1. Article 24 of the Indian Constitution states that no child below the age of 14 must be employed in hazardous employment.
2. Article 45 provides for free and compulsory education for all children until they reach the age of 14 years. These articles show India's commitment to safeguarding the future of its children. For instance, these articles ensure that children can go to school instead of working in dangerous jobs.
In simple words: Child Rights are found in India's Constitution. Article 24 stops child labor for children under 14 in dangerous jobs, and Article 45 ensures free education for children up to 14 years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quote the specific articles (Article 24 and Article 45) and their core provisions regarding child labor and education respectively.

 

Question 20. Children are the foundation of any nation
Answer:
1. Children are indeed the foundation of any nation.
2. When girls get married early, they lose many opportunities like childhood happiness, getting an education, and living a healthy life.
3. Child marriage also negatively affects society as a whole.
4. Therefore, child marriage should be avoided at all costs. Investing in children's well-being ensures a strong and bright future for the country. For example, educated children are more likely to contribute positively to society.
In simple words: Children are very important for a nation's future. Early marriage for girls takes away their chance to be happy, get an education, and stay healthy, which also harms society. So, child marriage must be stopped.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the importance of children, link it directly to the negative impacts of issues like child marriage on their development and the nation's progress.

 

Question 21. Why is the National Commission for Women a council?
Answer:
1. The National Commission for Women (NCW) is established in India to review the constitutional and legal safeguards for women.
2. It recommends measures and advises the government on all policy matters affecting the welfare and development of women in the country. The NCW serves as an important advisory body that ensures women's voices are heard in policy-making. For example, it might recommend changes to laws to better protect women from domestic violence.
In simple words: The NCW is like a council because it checks laws for women, suggests new rules to the government, and works for women's welfare. It makes sure women's rights are protected and promoted.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain NCW's role as a council by highlighting its functions in reviewing safeguards, recommending measures, and advising the government on women's issues.

 

Question 22. What are Women's Rights?
Answer:
1. Women's Rights under the Indian Constitution primarily include equality, dignity, and freedom from discrimination.
2. Additionally, India has various laws and statutes that govern women's rights. These rights ensure that women are treated fairly and have equal opportunities in all aspects of life. For example, the right to equal pay for equal work is a key women's right.
In simple words: Women's Rights in India mean they have rights to equality, dignity, and no discrimination, as stated in the Constitution and other laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the constitutional guarantees of equality, dignity, and non-discrimination as the foundation of women's rights in India.

 

Question 23. Mention about Women Labourers' Welfare and Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.
Answer:
1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar framed many laws for women workers in India.
2. These include:
\(\circ\) 'Mines Maternity Benefit Act',
\(\circ\) 'Women Labour Welfare Fund',
\(\circ\) 'Women and Child Labour Protection Act',
\(\circ\) 'Maternity Benefit for Women Labour',
\(\circ\) 'Restoration of Ban on Employment of Women on Underground Work in Coal Mines'.
Dr. Ambedkar was a strong advocate for the rights of all laborers, especially women, ensuring their safety and fair treatment. His work laid the groundwork for many labor protections.
In simple words: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar made many laws for women workers, covering things like maternity benefits, welfare funds, and protecting them from underground work in mines.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific legislative contributions of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar concerning women laborers to show comprehensive knowledge.

 

Question 24.
Answer:
1. To ensure the dignity and security of Adi Dravidars (often called Scheduled Castes in other states), their rights are protected.
2. This includes removing all forms of exclusion, marginalization, untouchability, and discrimination.
3. The Government creates policies, plans, budgets, schemes, and programs for them.
4. This is done to ensure their right to social equity, access to entitlements, and the right to dignity.
5. These rights help improve their socio-economic conditions and grant them democratic and political rights. These actions help ensure that all communities are treated with respect and have equal opportunities.
In simple words: Rights are made to protect the dignity and safety of Adi Dravidars by removing discrimination and ensuring they get social fairness and equal opportunities. The government makes plans and policies to support them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing rights for marginalized communities, emphasize the removal of discrimination, ensuring dignity, and providing access to entitlements and political rights.

 

Question 25. What is RTI?
Answer:
1. RTI refers to the Right to Information Act.
2. It is a revolutionary act that aims to promote transparency in government institutions in India.
3. This act was enacted in October 2005.
4. A common person can request any information from a government organization.
5. The information must be provided within thirty days.
6. If not, a fee will be collected as a penalty from the concerned official. This law empowers citizens to hold the government accountable by accessing public records. For example, a citizen can ask about how public funds are being used for a project.
In simple words: RTI is the Right to Information Act, started in 2005. It lets any person ask government offices for information, which must be given within 30 days. It helps make the government open and honest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide the full form of RTI, its enactment year, the purpose of transparency, the 30-day response time, and the penalty for non-compliance.

 

Question 26. What are Labour Rights?
Answer:
1. The Constitution ensures the right to equality, equal opportunity in public employment, the right to form associations and unions, and the right to livelihood.
2. It prohibits human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor.
3. Article 39(d) ensures equal wages for male and female workers doing equal work. Labour rights protect workers from exploitation and ensure fair working conditions. For example, these rights mean that everyone should get paid the same for the same job, regardless of gender.
In simple words: Labour Rights ensure workers have equality, fair chances, and freedom to form unions. They ban forced labor, child labor, and make sure men and women get equal pay for equal work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the constitutional provisions and key prohibitions related to labor rights, including equal pay and protection from exploitation.

V. Answer in detail

 

Question 1. What are the functions of SHRC?
Answer: The functions of the State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) are:
1. The SHRC investigates violations of human rights in matters listed in the state and concurrent lists of the Constitution.
2. Its goals and duties are similar to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), but its work is limited to the state. It has a chairman and two members.
3. It has the power of a civil court and can take official notice of cases if it receives complaints.
4. It can also recommend compensation to victims. The SHRC acts as a vigilant guardian for human rights within its state's jurisdiction. For instance, if a police department in a state abuses human rights, the SHRC can investigate and recommend action.
In simple words: The SHRC looks into human rights violations within a state. It acts like a court, can take complaints, and suggests money for victims. It helps protect people's rights in that state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list SHRC's functions, emphasizing its investigative power, civil court authority, and its role in recommending compensation, all within a state-specific context.

 

Question 2. Democracy, Development and Fundamental Rights can you establish a positive link among these three factors.
Answer:
1. Democracy plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development.
2. Free and fair elections, independent media, and an accountable government are all vital parts of a basic democratic system.
3. In a direct democracy, people directly decide on policy initiatives.
4. Democracy is very important for the development of a nation.
5. In a democratic country, citizens are able to express their views and opinions on government decisions.
6. This makes the government take more responsible decisions, especially when they align with the majority of people.
7. All these actions are supported by fundamental rights, which are established by the Indian Constitution and have legal backing. This shows how strong fundamental rights lead to better democracy, which in turn leads to greater development. For example, freedom of speech (a fundamental right) allows citizens to voice concerns, which helps democracy function better and guides development.
In simple words: Democracy helps a country grow and develop. Fundamental rights, like freedom of speech, let people share their views, which makes the government more responsible. This strong connection between rights and an active public leads to better progress for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the interdependencies: democracy provides a framework for rights, rights empower citizens for democratic participation, and both contribute to inclusive and sustainable national development.

 

Question 3. Explain Child Rights.
Answer: Child Rights are:
(a) Right to life:
1. A child has the right to survive even before birth.
2. This right also includes being born, and having basic needs like food, shelter, clothing, and a dignified life. A healthy start is very important for a child's future.
(b) Right to the Family environment:
1. Every child has the right to grow up in a normal family setting.
2. Children who are abandoned, orphaned, or left without family also have the right to live.
3. These children can be adopted into caring families. Family support helps a child feel safe and loved.
(c) Right to benefit from Social security:
1. Children should get financial help from the country if their parents or guardians cannot provide a good life due to illness, disability, or old age. Social security acts like a safety net for vulnerable children.
(d) Right to Education:
1. The Right to Education Act, passed in 2009, ensures free and compulsory education for children from 6 to 14 years old, as per Article 21A of the Constitution. Education gives children the skills they need for a better future.
(e) Right against sale or trafficking:
1. Children should be treated as individuals with their own human rights.
2. It is wrong to sell children or force them into situations like economic exploitation, sexual abuse, drug dealing, or child labor. This right protects children from being treated as goods.
(f) Right against sexual exploitation:
1. The government must protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse.
2. This is done through the POCSO Act (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act) which was passed in 2012. It's crucial for society to ensure children's safety and well-being.
(g) Right against other forms of exploitation like Child labour:
1. Children are often forced to work in various industries.
2. This right states that children should not be deprived of their childhood, health, or education by being made to work. Child labor prevents children from reaching their full potential.
In simple words: Child Rights are the basic protections given to children to ensure they grow up healthy, educated, safe, and happy. These rights cover their survival, family life, protection from harm, and access to education.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining child rights, categorize them clearly (like Right to Life, Right to Education) and provide a concise point or two for each, along with any relevant laws or articles.

 

Question 4. Explain the Right to Information Act (RTI).
Answer:
1. The Right to Information Act is an important law that helps promote transparency in government offices across India.
2. This act came into effect in October 2005.
3. Any common person can ask for information from a government organization.
4. The information must be given within thirty days of the request.
5. If not, a fine will be collected from the official who was supposed to provide the information. This is one of the most powerful laws in the country for citizens.
6. This act is user-friendly; even someone who cannot read or write can ask a Public Information Officer to record their request.
7. All government bodies, including Municipal Corporations, various departments, schools, and road authorities, come under this Act. This law empowers ordinary citizens to seek accountability from public bodies.
In simple words: The RTI Act, introduced in 2005, allows citizens to ask questions and get information from the government within 30 days. It makes sure government work is open and clear, and it helps people hold officials accountable.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to mention the year of enactment (2005) and the 30-day response time for the RTI Act. Highlighting its role in transparency and citizen empowerment is key.

Life Skills