Samacheer Kalvi Class 8 Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 Human Rights and UNO

I. Choose the correct answer:

 

Question 1. After the Second World War .................... has taken several measures to protect the human rights.
(a) UNO
(b) Supreme Court
(c) International Court of Justice
(d) none
Answer: (a) UNO
In simple words: After the Second World War, the UNO (United Nations Organization) worked to protect human rights globally. It set up rules and programs to ensure people are treated fairly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the UNO was formed after major conflicts to promote peace and human rights worldwide.

 

Question 2. In 1995 women from all over the world gathered at ....................
(a) Beijing
(b) New York
(c) Delhi
(d) none
Answer: (a) Beijing
In simple words: In 1995, women from different countries met in Beijing for an important conference. This meeting focused on discussing women's rights and equality around the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing was a landmark event for women's rights, establishing a Platform for Action.

 

Question 3. The National Human Rights Commission was constituted in ....................
(a) 1990
(b) 1993
(c) 1978
(d) 1979
Answer: (b) 1993
In simple words: The National Human Rights Commission was officially set up in the year 1993. This commission works to protect human rights in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the establishment dates of key commissions like NHRC is crucial for accurately answering questions about their history and legal framework.

 

Question 4. The UNO declared 1979 as the International year of ....................
(a) Girl Child
(b) Children
(c) women
(d) none
Answer: (b) Children
In simple words: The United Nations (UNO) named 1979 as the special year for children. This was done to bring attention to the needs and rights of children everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: The UN often declares international years to highlight important global issues and encourage worldwide action and awareness.

 

Question 5. When is Human Rights Day observed?
(a) 9th December
(b) 10th December
(c) 11th December
(d) 12th December
Answer: (b) 10th December
In simple words: Human Rights Day is celebrated every year on December 10th. This day marks when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering key dates like Human Rights Day helps in understanding global awareness campaigns and the historical significance of human rights.

 

Question 6. Which one is known as modern International Magna Carta of Human rights?
(a) UDHRC
(b) NHRC
(c) SHRC
(d) International year for women
Answer: (a) UDHRC
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is sometimes called the modern Magna Carta for human rights. It is a very important document that lists the basic rights for all people.

🎯 Exam Tip: The term "Magna Carta" refers to a historic document limiting a ruler's power, so calling the UDHR a "modern Magna Carta" emphasizes its foundational role in establishing human rights globally.

 

Question 7. Who can be appointed as the chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) Retired judge of high court
(b) Any retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
(c) Any person appointed by the President.
(d) Retired Chief Judge of any court.
Answer: (c) Any person appointed by the President
In simple words: The President of India is the one who chooses and appoints the person to lead the National Human Rights Commission. This ensures the commission's independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the appointing authority for such a critical position highlights the importance and independence of the National Human Rights Commission.

 

Question 8. How many articles does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights contain?
(a) 20
(b) 30
(c) 40
(d) 50
Answer: (b) 30
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has exactly 30 articles. Each article talks about a different basic human right.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the number of articles gives a sense of the comprehensive nature of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

 

Question 9. What is the tenure of the Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) 5 years or upto 62 years of age
(b) 5 years or upto 65 years of age
(c) 6 years or upto 65 years of age
(d) 5 years or upto 70 years of age
Answer: (d) 5 years or upto 70 years of age
In simple words: The Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission serves for five years, or until they turn 70 years old, whichever comes first. This ensures experienced leadership for a set period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Tenure limits like these are important for ensuring both experience and periodic review of leadership in important public offices.

 

Question 10. Where is the headquarters of the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) New Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Kolkata
Answer: (a) New Delhi
In simple words: The main office, or headquarters, of the National Human Rights Commission is located in New Delhi. This central location helps it oversee human rights across India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the location of headquarters for national bodies like the NHRC is a common general knowledge point in civics.

II. Fill in the blanks

 

Question 1. Each individual has .................... to lead a dignified life.
Answer: the right
In simple words: Every person has a fundamental right to live with dignity and respect. This means they should be treated fairly and have basic necessities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words like "right" or "entitlement" are key when discussing the basic freedoms and protections for individuals.

 

Question 2. Human Rights are .................... rights.
Answer: basic
In simple words: Human rights are considered basic rights. They are the fundamental freedoms and protections that everyone should have.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that human rights are "basic" because they are inherent and universal, not granted by any authority.

 

Question 3. The State Human Rights commission was formed on ....................
Answer: 17th April 1997
In simple words: The State Human Rights Commission was started on April 17, 1997. This commission works to protect human rights within the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) as they operate at different levels.

 

Question 4. Article 24 of Indian Constitution prohibits ....................
Answer: Child Labour
In simple words: Article 24 of the Indian Constitution makes child labour illegal. It protects children by stopping them from working in harmful jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the specific article number for a constitutional provision shows a deeper understanding of the subject.

 

Question 5. United Nations Organisation was established in the year ....................
Answer: 24th October, 1945
In simple words: The United Nations Organization was created on October 24, 1945. It was set up after World War II to promote world peace and cooperation.

🎯 Exam Tip: The date 24th October is celebrated as United Nations Day, marking the official establishment of the organization.

III. Match the Following

 

Question 1. Match the following:

Answer:
1. Eleanor Roosevelt - (d) Human Rights Commission
2. The Cyrus Cylinder - (a) world's first charter of human rights
3. Eve Teasing Act - (b) 1997
4. Child helpline - (f) 1098
5. Civil right - (c) freedom from slavery
6. Political right - (e) right to vote
In simple words: This match-the-following pairs important people, documents, laws, and concepts with their correct descriptions or related facts. For example, Eleanor Roosevelt was key to the Human Rights Commission, and the Cyrus Cylinder is considered an early human rights charter.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, connect key terms with their definitions or significant associations. Reviewing each pair helps reinforce understanding of historical figures, laws, and their purposes.

IV. State true or false.

 

Question 1. Human rights and civil rights are the same.
Answer: False
In simple words: Human rights are rights given to everyone just for being human, while civil rights are granted by a country's laws to its citizens. They are not exactly the same.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly understanding the distinction between universal "human rights" and nation-specific "civil rights" is important in civics.

 

Question 2. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was proclaimed in India.
Answer: True
In simple words: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, a key document about human rights, was indeed proclaimed in India. This declaration influenced many countries, including India, in their understanding of fundamental rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: While the Declaration originated in France, its principles profoundly influenced constitutional frameworks and human rights movements globally, including in India.

 

Question 3. The Human Right Act of 1993 provides the creation of National Human Rights Commission.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, the Human Rights Act of 1993 was indeed the law that established the National Human Rights Commission. This Act gave the commission its legal foundation and powers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific Act that created a major institution like the NHRC helps in understanding its legal basis and authority.

 

Question 4. National Human Rights Commission has empowered to give punishment to the victims.
Answer: False
In simple words: The National Human Rights Commission cannot directly punish victims or anyone else. Its main job is to investigate complaints, recommend actions, and promote human rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that human rights commissions are generally recommendatory bodies, not judicial ones with powers to directly impose punishment.

 

Question 5. Human Rights Commission was empowered to setup commission for the promotion of Human rights at National and State level.
Answer: False
In simple words: The Human Rights Commission itself does not set up other commissions. Instead, it promotes human rights and investigates violations at both national and state levels.

🎯 Exam Tip: The NHRC's role is to promote and protect human rights across India, not to create subsidiary commissions.

V. Consider the following statements and tick the appropriate answer.

 

Question 1. Find the wrong statement
(a) National Human Rights Commission is a statutory body.
(b) National Human Rights Commission is a constitutional body.
(c) National Human Rights Commission is an independent body.
(d) National Human Rights Commission is a multilateral institution.
Answer: (b) National Human Rights Commission is a constitutional body
In simple words: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is not a constitutional body because it was set up by a law passed by Parliament (a statutory body), not directly by the Constitution. It works independently.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between "constitutional bodies" (created by the Constitution itself) and "statutory bodies" (created by an Act of Parliament).

 

Question 2. Which of the following statement is not correct about the National Human Rights Commission?
(a) It was established in 1993.
(b) In the cases of human rights violation, the Commission has no rights to punish the culprit.
(c) The Chairperson and members are of this Commission are appointed by the Supreme Court of India.
(d) The Commission Sends its annual report to the Central Government and State Governments.
Answer: (c) The Chairperson and members are of this Commission are appointed by the Supreme Court of India.
In simple words: The President of India, not the Supreme Court, appoints the Chairperson and members of the National Human Rights Commission. This is an incorrect statement about the NHRC.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to who appoints members to important government bodies; this is often a point of confusion.

 

Question 3. Assertion : Human Rights day is observed on 10th December.
Reason: It commemorates Eleanor Roosevelt's birthday.
(a) A is correct but R does not explain A
(b) A is correct but R explains A
(c) A and R are correct
(d) A and R are Wrong
Answer: (a) A is correct but R does not explain A
In simple words: The statement that Human Rights Day is on December 10th is correct. However, the reason given, commemorating Eleanor Roosevelt's birthday, is not why it's celebrated on that date. It's actually to mark the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: In assertion-reason questions, always check if both statements are individually true, and then if the reason correctly explains the assertion.

 

Question 4. Consider the following statements
1. The State Human Rights commission is a multi-member body.
2. The State Human Rights Commission consists of a chairperson and three members. Which of the statements given above is /are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None
Answer: (b) 2 only
In simple words: The second statement is correct: the State Human Rights Commission has a chairperson and three members. The first statement is also true as it is indeed a multi-member body, but statement 2 gives a more specific and complete description of its composition.

🎯 Exam Tip: When choosing between options, pick the one that is most accurate and provides the most specific correct information if multiple options seem partially true.

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences

 

Question 1. What are Human Rights?
Answer: Human rights are fundamental rights that belong to all people. These rights are inherent and apply to everyone, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, religion, or language. They ensure freedom from slavery and torture, along with freedom of opinion and education. Recognizing these rights is crucial for a just and peaceful society.
In simple words: Human rights are basic rights for all people, no matter who they are. They include freedom, fairness, and dignity for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining human rights, emphasize their universality, inherence, and connection to dignity and equality.

 

Question 2. Bring out the importance of UDHR.
Answer: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is very important for several reasons. It has been translated into over 500 languages, making it the most translated document in the world. The UDHR states that all people are born free and equal in status and rights. It actively promotes a spirit of brotherhood and respect among everyone, encouraging people to live together peacefully and fairly. This declaration has influenced many national constitutions and international laws.
In simple words: The UDHR is important because it tells us that everyone is born free and equal. It helps spread the idea of respect and togetherness all over the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the UDHR's global reach (most translated document) and its foundational principles of equality and brotherhood when explaining its importance.

 

Question 3. What does Article 45 of Indian Constitution provide?
Answer: Article 45 of the Indian Constitution makes sure that the government tries its best to provide early childhood care and education. This care and education should be given to all children until they reach the age of six years. This article ensures a strong foundation for children's development and learning. Early childhood education is vital for a child's cognitive and social growth.
In simple words: Article 45 of the Indian Constitution says that the government should give care and education to all children until they are six years old.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specify the age group (up to six years) and the nature of the provision (early childhood care and education) for Article 45.

 

Question 4. Write about Right to Education Act.
Answer: The Right to Education Act is based on Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. This Act states that the government must provide free and compulsory education to all children. This applies to children aged six to fourteen years. The Act ensures that every child has a right to quality elementary education, which is crucial for their future. This legal framework has significantly improved school enrollment rates.
In simple words: The Right to Education Act ensures free and required schooling for all children between 6 and 14 years old. This is based on Article 21A.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the age group (6-14 years) and the constitutional article (21A) associated with the Right to Education Act.

 

Question 5. State any three legislations passed to safeguard the welfare of women.
Answer: Here are three laws passed to protect women:

• The Hindu Marriage Act 1955: This law sets the legal age for marriage for women at 21 years.
• The Eve Teasing Act 1997: This act helps women by providing relief and protection against harassment.
• The Factory Act 1948: This law includes rules to protect women workers in factories, ensuring their safety and well-being.

These acts collectively aim to improve the legal and social status of women in society.
In simple words: Laws like the Hindu Marriage Act (setting marriage age), the Eve Teasing Act (stopping harassment), and the Factory Act (protecting women workers) help keep women safe and well.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing legislations, mention the year of the Act as it helps distinguish different laws and shows precise knowledge.

 

Question 6. Mention some of the political rights.
Answer: Political rights are important for citizens to participate in their government. These rights include the freedom of expression, allowing people to speak their minds. They also include the right to take part in the government of one's country, like through voting. Citizens have the right to vote in elections and to seek information about their government. These rights empower individuals to shape their society.
In simple words: Political rights let people speak freely, vote, and be part of their country's government. This helps them choose their leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on core democratic participation rights like freedom of expression, voting, and the right to information when listing political rights.

 

Question 7. Name the five primary categories of Human Rights.
Answer: The five main kinds of Human Rights are:
(i) Civil Rights
(ii) Political Rights
(iii) Social Rights
(iv) Economic Rights
(v) Cultural Rights
These categories cover all aspects of human life and ensure a holistic approach to human dignity. Each category addresses different needs and freedoms essential for human flourishing.
In simple words: Human rights are grouped into five main types: Civil, Political, Social, Economic, and Cultural.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the five categories of human rights as they provide a comprehensive framework for understanding human dignity and freedom.

VII. Answer the following.in detail.

 

Question 1. Distinguish between Human rights and Civil rights.
Answer:

The main difference is that human rights are universal, while civil rights depend on citizenship in a specific country. This distinction is important for understanding their scope and enforceability.
In simple words: Human rights are for everyone, everywhere, just for being human. Civil rights are for citizens of a country, given by its laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear, distinct points in a table format when asked to distinguish between two concepts, ensuring each point contrasts directly with its counterpart.

 

Question 2. Describe any five basic characteristics of Human rights.
Answer: Here are five main characteristics of Human rights:

• Inherent: Human rights are not given by any person or authority. They belong to us naturally, just because we are human.
• Fundamental: These are very important rights. Without them, human life and dignity would not have much meaning. They form the basis of a respectful existence.
• Inalienable: Human rights cannot be taken away from any individual. No one can remove or surrender these rights.
• Indivisible: These rights cannot be separated or denied even if other rights have already been enjoyed. All human rights are connected and equally important.
• Universal: Human rights apply to everyone, no matter their origin or social status. They are valid for all people around the world.

Understanding these characteristics helps to grasp the true essence of human rights.
In simple words: Human rights are natural (inherent), very important (fundamental), cannot be taken away (inalienable), cannot be split up (indivisible), and are for everyone (universal).

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing characteristics, use bolded keywords for each point to make your answer clear and easy to read. Provide a simple explanation for each term.

VIII. Hots.

 

Question 1. To whom does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights apply? Why is it important to you?
Answer: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) applies to all men and women everywhere in the world, without any discrimination. It is important to me because these rights are based on dignity, justice, and equality for everyone. People are naturally intelligent and have a conscience, which means they are obliged to promote a spirit of common brotherhood among all. The UDHR protects my basic freedoms and ensures I am treated fairly, which is essential for a peaceful and just society.
In simple words: The UDHR applies to everyone in the world. It is important to me because it ensures fairness, dignity, and equality for all people, helping us live together peacefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why the UDHR is important to you, connect its universal principles to personal benefits like dignity, fairness, and a harmonious society.

IX. Project and Activity

 

Question 1. Make a list of 10 rights that you enjoy, and the responsibilities that you have.
Answer:
Rights I enjoy:

• Article 14 – Equality before law (Everyone is equal under the law).
• Article 17 – Abolition of untouchability (No one can be treated as untouchable).
• Article 20 – Freedom of speech, assembly, movement, residence, and profession (I can express myself, gather peacefully, move freely, live anywhere, and choose my job).
• Article 23 – Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour (No one can force me to work without pay or sell me).
• Article 28 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories etc. (Children are protected from working in dangerous places).
• Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs (I can practice my religion freely).
• Article 27 – Freedom from payments of taxes for promotion of any religion (I don't have to pay taxes for a specific religion).
• Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in certain education institutions (I don't have to participate in religious activities in some schools).
• Article 29 – Protection of languages, script, and culture of minorities (Minority groups can protect their language and culture).
• Article 31 – It allows individuals to seek redressal for the violation of their fundamental rights (If my basic rights are broken, I can go to court for help).

Responsibilities I have:

• Tolerate all religions (Respect different beliefs).
• Do not hurt others (Treat everyone kindly).
• To protect the environment (Care for nature and keep it clean).
• Respect the elders (Show respect to older people).
• Follow the rules of government (Obey the laws of the country).

Both rights and responsibilities are essential for a balanced and functioning society.
In simple words: I have rights like speaking freely and being equal, but I also have duties like respecting others and protecting the environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing rights, try to include the relevant constitutional articles if possible. For responsibilities, provide clear and actionable examples that connect to civic duties.

Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer.

 

Question 1. The Magna Carta of England released in the year ....................
(a) 1214
(b) 1215
(c) 1216
(d) 1217
Answer: (b) 1215
In simple words: The Magna Carta, an important document from England, was first signed in the year 1215. This document limited the power of the king.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year 1215 for the Magna Carta, as it's a foundational date in the history of constitutional law and human rights.

 

Question 2. A document of France Stating the Rights of all citizens declared in the year ....................
(a) 1789
(b) 1790
(c) 1791
(d) 1792
Answer: (a) 1789
In simple words: France declared a document about the rights of all its citizens in 1789. This document, called the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, was a major part of the French Revolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the year 1789 with the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, as they are historically linked.

 

Question 3. The US Constitution and Bill of Rights declared in the year ....................
(a) 1768
(b) 1769
(c) 1790
(d) 1791
Answer: (d) 1791
In simple words: The United States Constitution and its Bill of Rights were officially declared and came into effect in 1791. The Bill of Rights lists the basic freedoms of American citizens.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Bill of Rights, comprising the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, is vital for understanding civil liberties in the USA.

 

Question 4. UNO has declared .................... as the international year of women.
(a) 1970
(b) 1978
(c) 1979
(d) 1980
Answer: (b) 1978
In simple words: The United Nations declared 1978 as the International Year of Women. This was to highlight women's issues and rights globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the distinction: 1978 was the International Year of Women, while 1979 was the International Year of Children. Avoid mixing them up.

 

Question 5. The .................... is considered as an important national asset.
(a) Resources
(b) Education
(c) Child
(d) Welfare
Answer: (c) Child
In simple words: A child is considered a very important national asset because they are the future of the country. Investing in children's well-being benefits the entire nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding that children are a national asset underscores the importance of policies related to child development, health, and education.

 

Question 6. The Juvenile Justice Act implemented in the year ....................
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2010
(d) 2012
Answer: (a) 2000
In simple words: The Juvenile Justice Act was put into action in the year 2000. This law deals with children who are in conflict with the law or need care and protection.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Juvenile Justice Act is crucial for understanding how the legal system treats minors and ensures their rehabilitation and protection.

 

Question 7. The marriageable age for women is ....................
(a) 20
(b) 21
(c) 18
(d) 22
Answer: (c) 18
In simple words: In many countries, including India, the legal age for women to get married is 18 years. This law aims to protect young women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that while 18 is the legal marriage age for women, some specific acts might have different provisions or proposals for change, so specify the general legal age.

 

Question 8. The .................... appoints the chairperson and other members of National Human Rights Commission.
(a) President
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Chief Minister
(d) Vice - President
Answer: (a) President
In simple words: The President of India is responsible for appointing the chairperson and other members of the National Human Rights Commission. This role ensures the commission's high authority.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember that the President of India is the appointing authority for most high-level national commissions and bodies.

 

Question 9. UDHR has been translated into more than .................... languages.
(a) 500
(b) 510
(c) 600
(d) 610
Answer: (a) 500
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been translated into over 500 different languages. This makes it one of the most widely available documents in the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: The UDHR's extensive translation highlights its global importance and the widespread commitment to its principles.

II. Fill in the Blanks

 

Question 1. Each individual has to lead a dignified life.
Answer: The right
In simple words: Every person deserves to live a respectful and proper life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Fill in the blanks often test key terms or concepts; ensure your answer uses the precise word or phrase.

 

Question 2. Human Rights are rights.
Answer: basic
In simple words: Human Rights are the fundamental things every person needs to live freely and with dignity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "basic" human rights are fundamental for everyone, forming the foundation of a just society.

 

Question 3. The State Human Rights commission was formed on
Answer: 17th April 1997
In simple words: The State Human Rights Commission was officially started on April 17, 1997.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of establishment for important commissions are often asked; memorize them carefully.

 

Question 4. Article 24 of Indian Constitution prohibits
Answer: Child Labour
In simple words: Article 24 in India's Constitution says that children cannot be forced to work in harmful jobs. This protects children from exploitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about specific articles, ensure you link them to their precise prohibition or provision, like child labor for Article 24.

 

Question 5. United Nations Organisation was established in the year
Answer: 24th October, 1945
In simple words: The United Nations was created on October 24, 1945.

🎯 Exam Tip: The establishment date of the UNO is a crucial historical fact; remember both the day and year.

 

Question 6. is the most translated document in the world.
Answer: UDHR
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a document translated into more languages than any other in the world. This shows its global importance.

🎯 Exam Tip: UDHR is a key term in human rights; understanding its global reach (most translated) is important.

 

Question 7. is known as modern International Magna carta.
Answer: UDHR
In simple words: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is seen as a modern version of the Magna Carta for people worldwide. Both documents are important for protecting people's rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the historical significance of Magna Carta helps understand why the UDHR is given such a comparable title.

 

Question 8. provides for children to develop in a healthy manner.
Answer: Article 39(f)
In simple words: Article 39(f) of the constitution states that children should be given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy way and in freedom and dignity. This is to protect them from exploitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always state the specific article when a constitutional provision is asked, and briefly explain its purpose.

 

Question 9. Child helpline number is
Answer: 1098
In simple words: The emergency phone number for children in need of help is 1098.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important helpline numbers are practical knowledge; ensure you remember this one for child protection.

 

Question 10. An International bill of rights of women adopted in the year
Answer: 1979
In simple words: The international document that lists the rights of women was officially accepted in 1979. This agreement helps make sure women are treated fairly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of key international conventions, especially those concerning women's rights, are important to remember.

 

Question 11. UNIFEM has worked since to implement the Beijing Platform for Action.
Answer: 1995
In simple words: UNIFEM (now part of UN Women) has been working since 1995 to put the Beijing Platform for Action into practice. This platform aims to improve the lives of women around the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the link between UNIFEM (UN Women) and the Beijing Platform for Action, especially its starting year of implementation.

 

Question 12. In the world conference of Women held in Beijing.
Answer: 1995, Fourth
In simple words: The Fourth World Conference of Women was held in Beijing in 1995. This meeting was very important for discussing women's rights globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year and the specific conference number (Fourth) for the World Conference of Women in Beijing.

 

Question 13. Protects the women workers.
Answer: The Factory Act
In simple words: The Factory Act is a law that helps keep women safe and protected when they work in factories. It makes sure their working conditions are fair.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key legislations and their specific beneficiaries, like the Factory Act for women workers.

 

Question 14. rights are creations of the Society.
Answer: Civil
In simple words: Civil rights are those rights that are created and protected by society and its laws. They are different from natural human rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the distinction between civil rights (societal creation) and human rights (inherent to individuals).

 

Question 15. and rights are human rights.
Answer: Women and girl's
In simple words: The rights of women and girls are also considered human rights. This means everyone deserves these rights, regardless of gender.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that human rights apply universally, explicitly including the rights of women and girls as a fundamental aspect.

 

III. Match the following.

Answer:In simple words: This table matches different laws with the year they were passed. For example, the Factory Act was introduced in 1948 to protect workers.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, it's helpful to remember key acts and their corresponding years to quickly find the correct pairs.

 

IV. State true or false.

 

Question 1. Human rights and civil rights are the same.
Answer: False
In simple words: Human rights are basic rights that everyone has just for being human, while civil rights are granted by a country's laws and apply to its citizens. They are not exactly the same, as human rights are universal, but civil rights are specific to a nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between human rights (universal, inherent) and civil rights (granted by the state to citizens).

 

Question 2. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was proclaimed in India.
Answer: True
In simple words: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was a key document that influenced many nations, including India, in their understanding of rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the historical context and global influence of major declarations on human rights, and their impact on different nations' constitutions.

 

Question 3. The Human Right Act of 1993 provides the creation of National Human Rights Commission.
Answer: True
In simple words: The Human Rights Act of 1993 led to the formation of the National Human Rights Commission in India. This commission works to protect human rights across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the specific acts that establish national bodies, such as the Human Rights Act of 1993 and the NHRC.

 

Question 4. National Human Rights Commission has empowered to give punishment to the victims.
Answer: False
In simple words: The National Human Rights Commission cannot directly punish wrongdoers. Its role is to investigate human rights violations and recommend actions to the government, but it does not have the power to impose punishment itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the powers and limitations of human rights commissions; they typically recommend, rather than directly punish.

 

Question 5. Human Rights Commission was empowered to setup commission for the promotion of Human rights at National and State level.
Answer: False
In simple words: The Human Rights Commission itself doesn't set up other commissions. Instead, it promotes human rights and functions at both national and state levels through established structures, with specific laws creating the state commissions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the roles of different human rights bodies and how they are established—the main commission doesn't "set up" other commissions.

 

Question 5. Child help line number is 109.
Answer: False
In simple words: The correct child helpline number in India is 1098, not 109. It is important to know the correct number for emergencies involving children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always verify and memorize exact helpline numbers to avoid providing incorrect information in real-life situations.

 

V. Consider the following statement and tick the appropriate answer;

 

Question 1. 1) The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act 1856 Legalised widow remarriage.
2) The Hindu Successian Act 1956 ensures the right to women to inherit their parental property.
3) The plantation Labour Act protects the men workers.
4) The Factory Act 1998, protects the women workers,
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 4 are correct
(c) 1 and 2 are correct
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) 1 and 2 are correct
In simple words: Statement 1 is true because the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 made it legal for widows to remarry. Statement 2 is also true as the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 gave women the right to inherit their parents' property. Statements 3 and 4 have incorrect information about the acts and who they protect.

🎯 Exam Tip: For statements about acts, remember the exact purpose and year of each act. Small details can make a statement false.

 

Question 2. Assertion : One of the greatest achievements of United Nations is the creation of human rights law.
Reason: To advance this goal, the UN established a commision on Human Rights,
(a) A is correct but R does not explain A
(b) A is correct but R explains A
(c) A and R are correct
(d) A and R are Wrong
Answer: (c) A and R are correct
In simple words: Both the assertion and the reason are true. The United Nations did create human rights laws, and it formed a Human Rights Commission specifically to achieve its goals in this area. The commission helps to promote and protect human rights worldwide.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are true individually, then check if the reason correctly explains the assertion.

 

Question 3. Consider the following statements
1. UNO has declared 1978 as International year of women.
2. UNO has declared 1979 as the International year of children.
Which of the statements given above is /are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both a and b
(d) None
Answer: (c) Both a and b
In simple words: The United Nations declared 1978 as the International Year of Women and 1979 as the International Year of Children. Both statements are correct, as the UN aimed to focus global attention on these important groups during those years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize important years declared by international organizations like the UNO, along with their specific focus areas.

 

Question 4. Consider the following statements
1. The State Human Rights commission is a multi-member body.
2. The State Human Rights Commission consists of a chairperson and three members. Which of the statements given above is /are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None
Answer: (b) 2 only
In simple words: Statement 2 is correct because the State Human Rights Commission is made up of a chairperson and three other members. Statement 1 is incorrect because while it is a multi-member body, the specific number of members is important, and statement 2 gives the correct number. A State Human Rights Commission is a multi-member body, but it specifically has a chairperson and three members.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the exact composition (number of members and chairperson) of official bodies like the State Human Rights Commission.

 

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences

 

Question 1. What are Human Rights?
Answer: Human Rights are the basic rights that belong to every human being from birth. These rights are for everyone, no matter their race, gender, nationality, language, or religion. They include freedom from slavery, torture, and the right to education. Human rights ensure everyone can live with dignity.
In simple words: Human Rights are basic freedoms and protections that every person has just because they are human, like the right to be free and get an education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define human rights clearly by mentioning their universal and inherent nature, and give examples of fundamental rights.

 

Question 2. Why December 10th is celebrated as Human Rights Day?
Answer: December 10th is celebrated as Human Rights Day every year because it marks the day the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. This declaration set out the fundamental human rights that all people should have. Celebrating this day reminds everyone about these important rights.
In simple words: December 10th is Human Rights Day because the UN announced a big list of human rights on that day in 1948.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect Human Rights Day (December 10th) directly to the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the UN.

 

Question 3. Explain about The Cyrus Cylinder'.
Answer: The Cyrus Cylinder is an ancient clay cylinder that contains a declaration from Cyrus the Great, the first king of ancient Persia. It states that all enslaved people should be freed and that everyone has the right to choose their own religion. This document is written in Akkadian cuneiform script. It is seen as an early example of human rights principles and is translated into all six official languages of the United Nations.
In simple words: The Cyrus Cylinder is an old clay message from a Persian king, Cyrus the Great, who said people could be free and choose their religion. It is an early example of human rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the historical significance of the Cyrus Cylinder as an early human rights document, mentioning Cyrus the Great and its key messages (freedom, religious choice).

 

Question 4. Write short note on 'State Human Rights Commission.
Answer: The State Human Rights Commission in Tamil Nadu was formed on April 17, 1997. It works at the state level to investigate human rights violations. This commission is made up of three members and a chairperson. It can look into cases related to human rights listed in the State and Concurrent lists of the Constitution. The commission helps ensure that human rights are protected within the state.
In simple words: The State Human Rights Commission in Tamil Nadu started on April 17, 1997. It checks human rights problems in the state and has a chairperson plus three members.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about commissions, include their establishment date, function, and composition (e.g., chairperson and members).

 

Question 5. Write three Non- governmental Organisations.
Answer: Three non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that work on human rights are: Amnesty International, Children's Defense Fund, and Human Rights Watch. These organizations play an important role in advocating for human rights and holding governments accountable.
In simple words: Three non-government groups are Amnesty International, Children's Defense Fund, and Human Rights Watch.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to name key NGOs that actively work in the field of human rights and social justice.

 

Question 6. What are the Indian Constitution Articles for children?
Answer: Several articles in the Indian Constitution protect children:
• Article 24: This article stops child labor, meaning children cannot be forced to work in factories or other dangerous jobs.
• Article 39(f): This article says that children should have chances to grow up in a healthy way and with freedom. It aims to protect them from exploitation.
• Article 45: This article states that the government should try to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they turn six years old. These articles ensure the well-being and development of children.
In simple words: Article 24 stops child labor, Article 39(f) helps children grow healthy, and Article 45 says the government should give young children education and care.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing constitutional articles, state the article number and briefly explain its specific provision related to children's rights.

 

Question 7. Write Short notes on Welfare of parents and Senior citizen Act?
Answer: The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act makes it a legal duty for children and relatives to provide financial support and care to their senior citizen parents and elders. This law helps ensure that elderly people receive maintenance and support, especially in their old age. It protects them from neglect and ensures they live with dignity.
In simple words: This Act makes it a rule that children must take care of their old parents and senior citizens, giving them money and support.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining acts, clearly state their main purpose and target beneficiaries, like the Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act ensuring care for elders.

 

Question 8. What are the Legislations to protect women rights?
Answer: There are several laws passed to protect women's rights:
• The Factory Act 1948: This law protects women workers in factories, ensuring safe working conditions.
• The Plantation Labour Act 1951: This act focuses on the welfare of women working in plantations.
• The Mines Act 1952: This legislation protects women working in mines.
• The Maternity Benefit Act 1961: This act provides paid leave and other benefits to women during pregnancy and after childbirth. These laws aim to ensure women's safety, health, and equal treatment in various workplaces.
In simple words: Laws like the Factory Act (1948), Plantation Labour Act (1951), Mines Act (1952), and Maternity Benefit Act (1961) help protect women at work and during pregnancy.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific acts with their years and clearly state how each protects women's rights in different sectors.

 

VII. Answer the following in detail.

 

Question 1. Explain about the written Precursors of Human Rights Documents.
Answer: Several important historical documents laid the groundwork for modern human rights:
• The Magna Carta of 1215 (England): This document limited the power of the king and gave certain rights to the people, ensuring they were also subject to the law. It established the principle that no one is above the law.
• The Petition of Right 1628 (England): This set out specific rights of the people that the king could not violate, such as not imprisoning people without cause.
• The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 (England): This act provided a way to ensure the better securing of personal liberty, meaning people could not be held illegally.
• The English Bill of Rights 1689: This further established basic civil rights and limited the power of the monarchy.
• The French Declaration on the Rights of Man and Citizen 1789: This document from France stated that all citizens are equal under the law and have fundamental rights. It was a major step towards recognizing universal rights.
• The US Constitution and Bill of Rights 1791: These documents safeguard the rights of citizens in the United States, including freedoms of speech and religion. These precursors collectively shaped the understanding and legal protection of human rights over time.
In simple words: Many old documents helped create the idea of human rights we have today. These include the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, the Habeas Corpus Act, the English Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of Human Rights, and the US Constitution and Bill of Rights. They all helped to give people more freedoms and limit the power of rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing precursors, mention the document's name, year, country, and its specific contribution to the development of human rights concepts.

 

Question 2. Explain about National Human Rights Commission.
Answer: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was formed on October 12, 1993. It is an independent body that protects and promotes human rights in India. The NHRC is a statutory body, meaning it was created by an act of Parliament, but it is not a constitutional body directly mentioned in the Constitution. Its main office is in New Delhi.
The commission is a multi-member body, consisting of a chairperson and other members. The President of India appoints the chairperson and other members. They serve for 5 years or until they reach the age of 70 years, whichever comes first. The NHRC has five main divisions: Law, Investigation, Policy Research & Programmes, Training, and Administrative. The NHRC is crucial for upholding human rights across the country.
In simple words: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) started in India on October 12, 1993, to protect human rights. It's an independent group with its main office in New Delhi. The President chooses its chairperson and members, who serve for 5 years or until age 70. It helps make sure everyone's rights are safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Cover the establishment date, nature (statutory/constitutional), headquarters, composition (chairperson, members, their tenure), and key functions (protection and promotion of human rights) of the NHRC.

 

Question 3. Write an essay about women Rights.
Answer: Women's rights are a fundamental part of human rights, meaning every woman and girl deserves full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and to live free from discrimination. Ensuring these rights is essential for achieving peace, security, and sustainable development globally.
The United Nations Charter confirms that women and men have equal rights. A significant step was the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979. This is often called an "International Bill of Rights for Women." It details what countries must do to end discrimination against women.
Globally, efforts to promote women's rights continue. For example, the Fourth World Conference of Women, held in Beijing in 1995, led to the Beijing Platform for Action. This platform outlined ways to recognize and improve women's rights and well-being worldwide. Through these efforts, societies aim to create a world where women have equal opportunities and protections.
In simple words: Women's rights are basic human rights, meaning all women and girls should be treated equally and live without unfair treatment. The UN Charter and agreements like CEDAW help ensure women have these rights. Events like the 1995 Beijing Conference also helped make plans to improve women's lives everywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: In an essay on women's rights, include their definition as human rights, key international conventions (like CEDAW), and important global initiatives (like the Beijing Platform for Action).