Samacheer Kalvi Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 5 Being Safe

Warm Up (Text Book Page No. 120)

Question. Which is a safe place to cross?
Answer: The zebra crossing line is a safe place to cross the road. It is marked specifically for pedestrians to cross safely.
In simple words: A zebra crossing is a safe spot to cross the street.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about visual aids, directly reference elements from the image if they clarify the answer.

Question. What do you know about safety?
Answer: Safety means keeping ourselves safe by following rules and precautions. It involves being aware of potential dangers and acting carefully to prevent harm. Always prioritize your well-being.
In simple words: Safety means following rules to keep ourselves from getting hurt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key terms clearly and concisely, then add a sentence about its practical application.

Section - I

Textual Exercise (Text Book Page No. 120)

A. State whether the following statements are true or false.

Question 1. Prasanth had gone to bring coffee to his friends.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is not true.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always read the story carefully to confirm facts before marking statements as true or false.

Question 2. Grandpa was so angry seeing Prasanth's friends.
Answer: False
In simple words: Grandpa was not angry with Prasanth's friends.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to character emotions and reactions described in the text.

Question 3. Prasanth's friend came on by walk.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Prasanth's friend walked.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note specific details about how characters arrive or travel in the story.

Question 4. Teacher had taught about the rules of road safety.
Answer: True
In simple words: The teacher did teach about road safety rules.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember details about the lessons or teachings mentioned in the story.

Section – II

Textual Exercise (Text Book Page No. 123)

Fill in the blanks.

Question 1. They had come to play under the shade of big .......................
Answer: neem tree
In simple words: They played under a large neem tree.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific noun that completes the sentence based on the story's context.

Question 2. We should put on ................... to avoid sunburn.
Answer: sunscreen
In simple words: Use sunscreen to prevent sunburn.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the safety measures mentioned for sun protection.

Question 3. ................... is a more serious health-related illness.
Answer: Sun-stroke
In simple words: Sunstroke is a very serious sickness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand which illnesses are highlighted as serious in the context of safety.

Question 4. Mani's mother had instructed him not to roam in Sunlight between ................... and ...................
Answer: 10 a.m., 3.00 p.m
In simple words: Mani's mother told him not to be in the sun between 10 AM and 3 PM.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific time frames given for avoiding direct sunlight.

Question 5. Street smart means ...................
Answer: knowledge to deal with difficulties and dangerous situations
In simple words: Street smart means knowing how to handle tough and risky situations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define phrases accurately by focusing on their practical meaning and implications.

Section - III

Textual Exercise (Text Book Page No. 124)

Read and Understand (Text Book Page No. 124)

A. Choose the best answer.

Question 1. Grandpa got a call from ...................
(a) his son
(b) wife
(c) his old friend
Answer: (c) his old friend
In simple words: Grandpa received a phone call from an old friend.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to character relationships and specific interactions mentioned in the story.

Question 2. Medicine should be kept in ...................
(b) kitchen table
(c) locked cabinet
Answer: (c) locked cabinet
In simple words: Medicines must be stored in a cabinet that is locked.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the safety guidelines for storing hazardous items like medicines.

Question 3. ................... automotive and gardening products should be secured.
(a) gardening products
(b) hazardous
(c) medicine
Answer: (b) hazardous
In simple words: All dangerous car and garden items should be kept safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about the general category of items that require securing for safety.

Question 4. We should have ............. in our home itself to give medical treatment.
(a) first aid kit
(b) an injection
(c) hospital
Answer: (a) first aid kit
In simple words: Every home should have a first aid kit for quick medical help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall essential emergency items that should be kept at home.

Question 5. Some house ................... and ................... are poisonous.
(a) used food and plants
(b) plants and dog
(c) plants and used button cell batteries
Answer: (c) plants and used button cell batteries
In simple words: Certain house plants and old button cell batteries are harmful if swallowed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific common household items that are known to be toxic.

B. Choose the correct synonyms for the Italic word.

Question 1. Dixie was feeling very exhausted.
(a) joy
(b) wounded
(c) tired
(d) rejoiced
Answer: (c) tired
In simple words: Exhausted means feeling very tired.

🎯 Exam Tip: When choosing synonyms, look for the word that has the closest meaning to the given word.

Question 2. The neem tree was a big antique in his garden.
(a) modem
(b) ancient
(c) updated
(d) outdated
Answer: (b) ancient
In simple words: Antique means something very old.

🎯 Exam Tip: An antique is an item of considerable age, representing a former era or time period.

Question 3. Praveen got sun stroke.
(a) fever
(b) nerves
(c) unconscious
(d) tired
Answer: (c) unconscious
In simple words: When someone has a sunstroke, they might become unconscious.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the severe effects or symptoms related to the italicized condition.

Question 4. Heat exhaustion prevails.
(a) widespread
(b) not visible
(c) hidden
Answer: (a) widespread
In simple words: Prevails means something is common or happens a lot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that "prevails" suggests something is generally present or dominant in a certain area or situation.

C. Choose the correct antonyms for the Italic word.

Question 1. Karan visited his ancestral village.
(a) offspring
(b) family
(c) house
(d) relative
Answer: (a) offspring
In simple words: Ancestral means related to ancestors, so the opposite is offspring, which are descendants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Antonyms are words with opposite meanings; ancestral refers to origins, while offspring refers to future generations.

Question 2. We should use our mobile safely.
(a) unsafely
(b) secure
(c) protect
(d) save
Answer: (a) unsafely
In simple words: The opposite of safely is unsafely.

🎯 Exam Tip: For adverbs ending in "-ly," the antonym often involves adding "un-" or choosing an adverb with an opposite root meaning.

Question 3. Medicine should be stored.
(a) consumed
(b) deleted
(c) preserved
(d) registered
Answer: (a) consumed
In simple words: The opposite of storing medicine is to use it up or consume it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about the purpose of storing (keeping for later use) and its opposite (using now).

Question 4. The neem tree provided shelter to many birds.
(a) residence
(b) unprotection
(c) home
(d) security
Answer: (b) unprotection
In simple words: Shelter means protection, so its opposite is a lack of protection, or unprotection.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that shelter provides a safe place, so its antonym would describe exposure or vulnerability.

Question 5. It is a latest mobile.
(a) updated
(b) outdated
(c) new
(d) modem
Answer: (b) outdated
In simple words: Latest means the newest, so the opposite is old or outdated.

🎯 Exam Tip: The antonym of "latest" refers to something that is no longer current or modern.

D. Answer the following in one or two sentences. (Text Book Page No. 124)

Question 1. What is STREET SMART?
Answer: 'Street smart' refers to the practical experience and knowledge needed to handle possible problems or dangers in city life. It means knowing how to stay safe and deal with situations in an urban area. Being street smart helps people make good decisions when faced with unexpected events.
In simple words: Street smart means having the practical skills to handle tricky or dangerous situations, especially in a city.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining a term, provide a clear, concise meaning and briefly explain its importance or application.

Question 2. Which should be used with adult supervision?
Answer: Mobile phones should always be used with adult supervision. This helps to ensure children are safe online and using the device responsibly. It prevents them from accessing harmful content or falling victim to cyber dangers.
In simple words: Mobile phones should always be used when an adult is watching.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on items that pose potential risks and explicitly require adult guidance for safe use.

Question 3. What according to grandpa is the most serious illness?
Answer: According to Grandpa, sunstroke is the most serious illness. It is a severe heat-related condition that can be very dangerous. Protecting oneself from too much sun can prevent this serious illness.
In simple words: Grandpa believes sunstroke is the most serious sickness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly quote or paraphrase the character's opinion or statement when asked about their specific viewpoint.

Question 4. What is a must in every household?
Answer: A first-aid kit is a must in every household. It contains essential medical supplies for treating minor injuries and emergencies. Keeping one at home ensures quick help during unexpected accidents.
In simple words: A first-aid kit is needed in every home.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify essential emergency preparedness items that are universally recommended for homes.

E. Answer the following questions in 100 words.

Question 1. How can you make yourself cyber safe?
Answer: To stay cyber safe, avoid posting personal details, photos, or vacation plans on social media. Always use a strong, unique password that combines upper and lower case letters, numbers, and symbols. Regularly update your computer and mobile operating systems, as updates often include important security fixes. When not actively using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, camera, or location services, turn them off to prevent misuse by others. Never download files from unknown or unreliable websites, as they might infect your devices with viruses. These steps help protect your privacy and safety online. Staying alert and cautious is key to being cyber safe.
In simple words: To be cyber safe, don't share private info online, use strong passwords, update your devices, turn off unused features, and avoid unsafe downloads.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about cyber safety, cover aspects like personal information, passwords, software updates, device settings, and safe downloading practices.

Question 2. What are the safety measures to be followed for sunstroke?
Answer: Sunstroke is a serious illness caused by dehydration during summer. To prevent it, always drink enough water to keep your body cool. Avoid going outside during the hottest parts of the day. If you must go out, apply sunscreen 15 to 20 minutes beforehand to prevent sunburn. It's also wise to wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothes and a wide-brimmed hat. If someone gets sunstroke, it is important to inform parents or other adults immediately. They can help seek proper medical attention. Taking these simple steps can help you stay safe and healthy in the sun.
In simple words: Drink water, avoid hot sun, wear sunscreen, and tell an adult if you feel sick to prevent sunstroke.

🎯 Exam Tip: List practical, actionable steps for prevention (hydration, avoiding peak sun, protective clothing, sunscreen) and emphasize immediate action if symptoms appear.

Question 3. Write about road safety rules?
Answer: Road safety rules must be followed strictly by everyone on the road. There are three key rules to remember for traffic lights: a red light means stop, a green light means go, and an orange light means get ready to go. When crossing the road, always use the zebra crossing and be very careful. Pedestrians should walk on the right-hand side of the road, facing the incoming traffic. This allows you to see vehicles coming towards you and react quickly. Following these rules helps prevent accidents and keeps everyone safe on the roads, making our journeys much smoother and more secure.
In simple words: Always follow road rules like stopping at red lights, using zebra crossings, and walking on the right side of the road to stay safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing rules, use clear, numbered points for easy readability and cover different aspects like traffic lights, pedestrian rules, and crossing the road.

Vocabulary

Homonyms:

a. Write a sentence of your own for each homonym. (Text Book Page No. 126)

Question 1. Explain the homonym "Bright" with examples.
Answer:
(a) Bright – very smart or intelligent - Raju is a bright boy in his class.
(b) Bright - filled with light – It was a bright morning.
In simple words: "Bright" can mean smart, like a clever student, or full of light, like a sunny day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide distinct sentences for each meaning of the homonym to clearly show the difference in context.

Question 2. Explain the homonym "Express" with examples.
Answer:
(a) Express – something done fast – I came to Chennai by the express train.
(b) Express – convey – She expressed her grief openly.
In simple words: "Express" can mean fast, like an express train, or to show feelings, like expressing sadness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the example sentences you create are simple and clearly demonstrate each specific meaning of the homonym.

Question 3. Explain the homonym "Kind" with examples.
Answer:
(a) Kind – type – There are many kinds of flowers here.
(b) Kind – caring – She is a kind nurse.
In simple words: "Kind" can mean a type or sort of something, or it can describe someone who is caring and gentle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose contexts that make the two different meanings of the homonym "kind" immediately obvious to the reader.

Question 4. Explain the homonym "Well" with examples.
Answer:
(a) Well – in good health – I am doing well.
(b) Well – water resource – I have a deep well in my house.
In simple words: "Well" can mean feeling healthy, or it can mean a deep hole in the ground to get water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Illustrate the noun and adverb meanings of "well" with clear and distinct sentences.

a. Write the meaning for the phrasal verbs.

Question 1. Write the meaning for each of the following phrasal verbs.
Answer:
1. look into – go through carefully
2. give up – stop
3. put off – postponed
4. get on – having a good relationship
5. take off – start
In simple words: Phrasal verbs combine words to create new meanings, like "look into" for examining or "give up" for stopping.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the common meanings of phrasal verbs as they often have meanings different from their individual words.

b. Use the following phrasal verbs in your own sentence.

Question 1. Use the phrasal verb "put up with" in your own sentence.
Answer: I could not put up with my failure in the competition. I was disappointed. This phrasal verb means to tolerate or endure something. Overcoming failures helps us grow stronger.
In simple words: "Put up with" means to accept or bear something, like accepting a loss.

🎯 Exam Tip: Construct sentences that clearly show the meaning of the phrasal verb in context, and ensure grammatical correctness.

Question 2. Use the phrasal verb "keep on" in your own sentence.
Answer: I keep on touch with my old school friends. This means to continue to maintain contact or stay in communication. Friendships need effort to last long.
In simple words: "Keep on" means to continue doing something, like staying in touch with friends.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the phrasal verb naturally within a sentence that explains its action or result.

Question 3. Use the phrasal verb "look after" in your own sentence.
Answer: My mother looks after my grandmother. This phrasal verb means to take care of someone or something. Caring for elders shows love and respect.
In simple words: "Look after" means to care for someone, like a mother caring for her grandmother.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose a clear subject and object for the verb to show who is doing the caring and who is being cared for.

Question 4. Use the phrasal verb "take over" in your own sentence.
Answer: My mother has taken over the charge of running the family after my father went abroad. This means to assume control or responsibility from someone else. Family responsibilities often shift and adapt.
In simple words: "Take over" means to get control or responsibility for something, like my mother taking charge of the family.

🎯 Exam Tip: The sentence should clearly illustrate the transfer of responsibility or control. Use the past participle form correctly when appropriate.

Question 5. Use the phrasal verb "go through" in your own sentence.
Answer: Go through your textbook before you go for the exam. This phrasal verb means to examine or read something carefully. Thorough review helps improve understanding and performance.
In simple words: "Go through" means to read or check something carefully, like studying your textbook before a test.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the phrasal verb in an imperative sentence or a clear instruction to show its common usage.

Listening (Text Book Page No. 128)

Question 1. The target audience for this speech is
(a) teachers
(b) the public
(c) primary school students
(d) secondary school students
Answer: (d) secondary school students
In simple words: The speech is meant for students who are in secondary school.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the language, topics, and complexity of the speech content to determine its intended audience.

Question 2. Why was the speaker invited to speak On road safety?
(a) It was "Road Safety Week”.
(b) He is an expert in this field
(c) He had received many accident reports
(d) There had been many accidents near the school
Answer: (a) it was “Road Safety Week”
In simple words: The speaker was asked to talk about road safety because it was "Road Safety Week".

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for specific reasons or events mentioned that explain the purpose of the invitation.

Question 3. Road users can show that they are considerate on the road by
(a) hogging the road
(b) driving cautiously
(c) neglecting traffic rules and road ethics
(d) flashing their headlights at oncoming cars
Answer: (b) driving cautiously
In simple words: People can be thoughtful on the road by driving carefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider which option best demonstrates responsible and thoughtful behavior on the road.

Question 4. The speaker's tone when saying 'if you still feel generous and would like to donate your money to us, then speed by all means, he is being' is:
(a) rude
(b) hopeful
(c) fatherly
(d) sarcastic
Answer: (d) sarcastic
In simple words: The speaker's tone is sarcastic, meaning they are saying the opposite of what they truly mean.

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify tone, listen for clues in word choice and phrasing that suggest irony or a hidden meaning, often implying disapproval.

Writing (Text Book Page No. 128)

Question 1. Arrange the pictures in order and write a familiar story using the given words.
Answer: One hot day, a thirsty crow was looking for water in the village. It saw a pitcher under a tree. The crow flew up to the pitcher eagerly to drink water. But the crow was disappointed because the water in the pitcher was half-full. It saw a pile of pebbles scattered around the pitcher. The crow put all the pebbles into the pitcher one by one. The water level came up. The crow drank the water until its thirst was quenched. At last, it flew away happily. This classic tale teaches us about cleverness and perseverance.
In simple words: A thirsty crow found a pitcher with low water. It used pebbles to raise the water level and then drank happily.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a story based on pictures, ensure a logical flow of events and use descriptive words to bring the narrative to life.

B) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verbs given in the brackets.

Question 1. When the burglars broke into the house, everybody was having sound sleep.
Answer: The correct past continuous form of 'have' is 'was having'. This indicates an action that was ongoing when another action (burglars breaking in) happened. The continuous tense helps show a background action.
In simple words: To show that people were sleeping when the burglars came, we use "was having".

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use the correct tense for actions happening at the same time: one ongoing action (past continuous) interrupted by a shorter, completed action (simple past).

Question 2. The milk had been spilling over as she went to see the crowd passing by with loud slogans.
Answer: The past perfect continuous tense, "had been spilling," correctly shows an action that was ongoing before another past action (she went to see the crowd). This helps to explain why the milk was already in that state. The continuous form emphasizes the duration of the spilling.
In simple words: We use "had been spilling" because the milk was already spilling for some time before she left to see the crowd.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the past perfect continuous tense when an action was happening continuously up to a certain point in the past.

Question 3. If Karthik has not made any mistake, he will be rewarded.
Answer: The present perfect tense "has not made" fits this conditional sentence (Type 1) where a present or future outcome depends on a past action with present relevance. This structure shows a real possibility in the future if the condition is met. Not making a mistake now means he will get a reward later.
In simple words: If Karthik has not done any mistake, he will get a reward. We use "has not made" to talk about something that might have already happened or finished.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Type 1 conditional sentences (If + simple present, will + base verb), the 'if' clause can also use the present perfect to describe a completed action whose result affects the future.

Question 4. They were watching TV when they heard a loud bang at the door.
Answer: The past simple tense "heard" is the correct choice here to describe a sudden, completed action that interrupted an ongoing one (watching TV). This shows one action taking place while another longer action was in progress. They were in the middle of watching TV when the sound happened.
In simple words: "Heard" is right because it's a quick action that happened while they were already doing something else (watching TV).

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple past for a sudden event that interrupts a longer action described with the past continuous tense.

Question 5. The bus had left the stop before we could catch it.
Answer: The past perfect tense "had left" is appropriate here because it indicates an action that was completed before another past action (we could catch it). This clarifies that the bus departing happened first, making it impossible to catch. The bus's departure was finished before our attempt.
In simple words: "Had left" is correct because the bus went away first, and then we tried to catch it.

🎯 Exam Tip: When two past actions occur, use past perfect for the action that happened earlier and simple past for the later action.

Question 6. Arya has been playing the same song for the last three days. It has become boring now.
Answer: The present perfect continuous tense "has been playing" accurately conveys an action that started in the past and is still ongoing or has just stopped, with a clear effect in the present. This emphasizes the duration of the action over the last three days. It also explains why it's now boring.
In simple words: We use "has been playing" because Arya started playing the song three days ago and is still playing it, which is why it's boring now.

🎯 Exam Tip: The present perfect continuous is often used with "for" or "since" to show an action's duration up to the present moment.

Question 7. Maniu will call after we reach home.
Answer: The future simple tense "will call" is correctly used here for an action that will happen after another future action. In conditional or time clauses introduced by "after," "when," "as soon as," etc., the simple present is used for the condition, and the future simple for the main clause. This shows a clear sequence of future events. Maniu will call us once we arrive home safely.
In simple words: Maniu will call us after we get home. The action of calling will happen later, after we reach home.

🎯 Exam Tip: In sentences with a future main clause and a time clause (e.g., beginning with 'after', 'when'), use the simple present in the time clause and future simple in the main clause.

Question 8. The show will have completed its one thousand episodes by next month.
Answer: The future perfect tense "will have completed" correctly shows an action that will be finished before a specific point in the future (by next month). This tense highlights the completion of the action by a future deadline. The show will reach this milestone before the end of next month.
In simple words: By next month, the show will have finished all 1000 episodes. We use "will have completed" because the finishing will happen before a certain time in the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the future perfect tense to describe an action that will be finished before a specific time or another event in the future.

Question 9. Don't worry, we will be reaching the airport on time.
Answer: The future continuous tense "will be reaching" indicates an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. This emphasizes the ongoing nature of their journey to the airport, assuring that they will arrive on schedule. This reassures that the action of arriving is happening and will finish on time.
In simple words: We use "will be reaching" to say that the action of getting to the airport will be happening and will finish on time, so there's no need to worry.

🎯 Exam Tip: The future continuous tense is useful for describing actions that will be in progress at a specific point in the future.

Question 10. Prasanna has fallen sick after eating some snacks at the street side shop.
Answer: The past participle "fallen" is the correct form to use with "has" to create the present perfect tense "has fallen sick." This tense shows an action that happened in the past but has a direct result or relevance in the present (Prasanna is sick now). This directly links the past action to the current condition.
In simple words: "Fallen" is the right word here because Prasanna got sick in the past, and he is still sick now because of the snacks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember irregular verbs and their past participle forms (fall-fell-fallen) for constructing perfect tenses correctly.

C) Tick the correct option to complete the sentences.

Question 1. The climate of the city remains mild and pleasant most of the time.
(a) is remaining
(b) remains
(c) was remaining
(d) is remained
Answer: (b) remains
In simple words: We use "remains" in the simple present tense because it talks about a general truth or a condition that is always true for the city's climate.

🎯 Exam Tip: For general truths, habits, or facts, always use the simple present tense. "Remains" acts as a linking verb here, describing the state of the climate.

Question 2. One day he booked into a hotel in Ooty, a beautiful city in Tamilnadu.
(a) booking
(b) was booking
(c) booked
(d) had hooked
Answer: (c) booked
In simple words: "Booked" is the simple past tense, used for an action that happened and finished at a specific time in the past ("One day").

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple past tense is used for single actions or events that occurred at a definite time in the past.

Question 3. You will certainly be getting rewards for what you are doing.
(a) getting
(b) had got
(c) was getting
(d) be getting
Answer: (d) be getting
In simple words: "Will certainly be getting" shows that the rewards will be coming to you continuously in the future because of your actions. It's a future ongoing action.

🎯 Exam Tip: The future continuous tense (will be + -ing verb) is used to describe actions that will be in progress at some point in the future.

Question 4. Do you remember the day we moved the piano upstairs?
(a) remember
(b) remembered
(c) are remembering
(d) had remembered
Answer: (a) remember
In simple words: "Do you remember" is the correct way to ask someone if they recall something from the past in the present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asking about a memory in the present, use the simple present tense with "Do you..."

Question 5. The rain completely spoilt our day.
(a) spoilt
(b) is spoiling
(c) is spoilt
(d) was spoilt
Answer: (a) spoilt
In simple words: "Spoilt" is the simple past tense of 'spoil', and it means the rain ruined the day completely. This is a completed action in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: For actions that happened and finished in the past, use the simple past tense. Both "spoiled" and "spoilt" are acceptable past tense forms of "spoil."

Question 6. The king became the king at the age of fifteen after the sudden death of his father.
(a) was becoming
(b) had become
(c) became
(d) become
Answer: (c) became
In simple words: "Became" is the simple past tense, which is right for an event that happened at a certain age in the past after another event.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the simple past tense to describe a completed action or event that occurred at a specific point in the past.

Question 7. The criminal had escaped the place before the police could reach.
(a) was escaping
(b) had escaped
(c) is escaping
(d) will escape
Answer: (b) had escaped
In simple words: "Had escaped" is used here because the criminal left before the police arrived. It shows one action finished before another action in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing two past actions, use the past perfect for the action that happened first, and the simple past for the subsequent action.

Question 8. They will have made all the arrangements before the guest is arrival.
(a) will have made
(b) will be made
(c) had been making
(d) were making
Answer: (a) will have made
In simple words: "Will have made" means that all arrangements will be finished before the guests arrive. This tense talks about an action that will be completed by a certain future time.

🎯 Exam Tip: The future perfect tense is used for actions that will be completed by a specific point in the future.

Question 9. Sabithra will have completed her job by tomorrow evening.
(a) will be completing
(b) will complete
(c) will have completed
(d) had completed
Answer: (c) will have completed
In simple words: "Will have completed" means Sabithra will finish her job before tomorrow evening. It shows the completion of an action by a future deadline.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the future perfect tense to describe an action that will be finished by a specific future time, often indicated by "by [time/date]".

Question 10. Harshini has been helping her mother in making rangoli in the yard for the last one hour.
(a) is helping
(b) has helped
(c) has been helping
(d) helps
Answer: (c) has been helping
In simple words: "Has been helping" is used because Harshini started helping an hour ago and is still doing it. This tense shows an action that started in the past and is continuing.

🎯 Exam Tip: The present perfect continuous tense is perfect for actions that began in the past and continue into the present, especially when a duration (like "for an hour") is mentioned.

D) Identify the errors in the sentences given below and rewrite them.

Question 1. I met him yesterday.
Answer: I met him yesterday.
In simple words: When talking about a finished action at a specific time in the past like "yesterday," use the simple past tense. "Met" is the correct simple past form.

🎯 Exam Tip: For definite past time references (e.g., yesterday, last week, in 2020), always use the simple past tense.

Question 2. I have been watching TV since morning.
Answer: I have been watching TV since morning.
In simple words: To show an action that started in the past (morning) and is still continuing now, use "have been watching." This tense emphasizes that the activity is still happening.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present perfect continuous tense with "since" or "for" to indicate an action that began in the past and continues up to the present.

Question 3. She seems to be sad.
Answer: She seems to be sad.
In simple words: The verb "seem" describes a state or appearance, not an action, so it is generally not used in continuous tenses. We use "seems" to talk about how she appears right now.

🎯 Exam Tip: State verbs (like seem, know, believe, love) describe states rather than actions and are generally not used in continuous tenses.

Question 4. She was watching TV when her husband came.
Answer: She was watching TV when her husband came.
In simple words: "Was watching" shows an action that was going on for some time, and "came" shows a quick action that happened during that time. This helps us understand what was happening when her husband arrived.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use past continuous for the longer, ongoing action and simple past for the shorter, interrupting action.

Question 5. He has a cellular phone.
Answer: He has a cellular phone.
In simple words: The verb "have" to show possession is a state verb, so it's not typically used in continuous tenses. "Has" is the correct simple present form for possession.

🎯 Exam Tip: When "have" means possession, use the simple present or simple past tense, not continuous tenses.

Question 6. I heard him speak on several subjects.
Answer: I heard him speak on several subjects.
In simple words: "Heard" is the simple past tense of "hear," which correctly describes a completed action in the past. We use "speak" after 'heard' as a bare infinitive.

🎯 Exam Tip: After verbs of perception (see, hear, feel), we often use the bare infinitive (verb without "to") to describe the action perceived.

Question 7. Ten candidates passed and one failed.
Answer: Ten candidates passed and one failed.
In simple words: The sentence should clearly state the outcomes for both groups. Using "and" or separating the ideas clearly makes it easier to understand.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that parallel ideas are expressed in parallel grammatical structures for clarity and correctness.

Question 8. He succeeded because he worked hard.
Answer: He succeeded because he worked hard.
In simple words: "Succeeded" is the simple past tense, indicating a completed action. "Works" should be "worked" to match the past tense of "succeeded." This sentence shows a cause and effect in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure tense consistency within a sentence, especially when showing cause and effect in the past.

Question 9. How long have you been working in this office?
Answer: How long have you been working in this office?
In simple words: To ask about an action that started in the past and is still happening now, use "have you been working." This asks about the duration of the ongoing work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the present perfect continuous tense to ask about the duration of an activity that started in the past and continues into the present.

Question 10. I shall wait for you till you finish your work.
Answer: I shall wait for you till you finish your work.
In simple words: In clauses starting with "till" (or "until") that talk about future time, we use the simple present tense (finish), not the future tense (will finish). The main clause uses "shall wait" for a future action.

🎯 Exam Tip: In time clauses introduced by words like 'till', 'until', 'when', 'after', etc., use the simple present tense for future actions, not future tense.

Question 11. When I reached the station, the train had already left.
Answer: When I reached the station, the train had already left.
In simple words: "Had already left" is correct because the train leaving happened before I reached the station. This shows a sequence of two past events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use the past perfect tense for an action completed before another past action, emphasizing the earlier event.

Question 12. She or he has done well.
Answer: She or he has done well.
In simple words: When subjects are joined by "or," the verb agrees with the closer subject. Here, "he" is singular, so "has" is correct.

🎯 Exam Tip: With "either...or" and "neither...nor" (or just "or"), the verb agrees with the noun or pronoun closest to it.

Question 13. One of the boys is missing.
Answer: One of the boys is missing.
In simple words: The subject "one" is singular, even though it's followed by "of the boys." So, the verb "is" should be singular.

🎯 Exam Tip: Phrases like "one of the" always take a singular verb because the true subject is "one."

Question 14. No one is a genius.
Answer: No one is a genius.
In simple words: "No one" is always treated as a singular subject, so it takes the singular verb "is."

🎯 Exam Tip: Indefinite pronouns like "no one," "everyone," "someone," "anyone," "nobody," "somebody," "everybody," and "anybody" always take singular verbs.

Question 15. She is waiting for you for 3 hours.
Answer: She has been waiting for you for 3 hours.
In simple words: When an action started in the past (3 hours ago) and is still continuing, use "has been waiting" to show that it's still happening now.

🎯 Exam Tip: If an action began in the past and continues into the present, especially with a duration specified ("for 3 hours"), use the present perfect continuous tense.

Conditional Sentences with 'if' (Text Book Page No. 137)

1. Complete the Conditional Sentences. Decide whether to use Type I, II or III.

Question 1. If I had time, I would have gone shopping with you.
Answer: If I had time, I would have gone shopping with you.
In simple words: This is a Type 2 conditional sentence. It talks about a situation that is not real or is unlikely now. So, we use "would have gone" to show the unreal result.

🎯 Exam Tip: Type 2 conditionals use "if + simple past" in the condition clause and "would + base verb" in the main clause, for hypothetical present or future situations.

Question 2. If you speak English, you will get along with them perfectly.
Answer: If you speak English, you will get along with them perfectly.
In simple words: This is a Type 1 conditional sentence. It talks about a real possibility in the future. If you speak English (a real condition), then you will get along well (a likely result).

🎯 Exam Tip: Type 1 conditionals use "if + simple present" for a real or very likely condition and "will + base verb" for the probable result.

Question 3. If they had gone for a walk, they would have turned the lights off.
Answer: If they had gone for a walk, they would have turned the lights off.
In simple words: This is a Type 3 conditional. It describes something that didn't happen in the past and its imaginary result. Since they didn't go for a walk, the lights were probably left on.

🎯 Exam Tip: Type 3 conditionals (if + past perfect, would have + past participle) are used for unreal past situations and their hypothetical past results.

Question 4. If she comes to see us, we will go to the zoo.
Answer: If she comes to see us, we will go to the zoo.
In simple words: This is a Type 1 conditional. It talks about a real possibility in the future. If she visits (a possible condition), then we will go to the zoo (a likely result).

🎯 Exam Tip: For Type 1 conditionals, remember to use the simple present in the 'if' clause and the simple future in the main clause.

Question 5. I would have told you if I had seen him.
Answer: I would have told you if I had seen him.
In simple words: This is a Type 3 conditional. It talks about something that didn't happen in the past. If I had seen him (which I didn't), then I would have told you.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that the 'if' clause of a Type 3 conditional uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses 'would have' followed by the past participle.

2. Choose the best answer.

Question 1. I will come if I have time.
(a) have
(b) had
(c) will have
Answer: (a) have
In simple words: In a Type 1 conditional, the 'if' part uses the simple present tense. So, "have" is the correct choice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember, in Type 1 conditional sentences, the condition clause (with 'if') always uses the simple present tense.

Question 2. If he is late, we will start without him.
(a) would start
(b) would have started
(c) will start
Answer: (c) will start
In simple words: This is a Type 1 conditional sentence. The 'if' clause has "is late" (simple present), so the main clause needs "will start" (simple future) to show a likely future result.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Type 1 conditionals (real possibilities), pair "if + simple present" with "will + base verb."

Question 3. If you asked me, I would tell you.
(a) will ask
(b) asked
(c) had asked
Answer: (b) asked
In simple words: This is a Type 2 conditional sentence. The main clause has "would tell," so the 'if' clause needs the simple past tense, "asked," to describe a hypothetical situation.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Type 2 conditionals (hypothetical situations), the 'if' clause takes the simple past tense, and the main clause uses 'would' + base verb.

Question 4. Will it be all right if I bring a friend tonight?
(a) had brought
(b) bring
(c) brought
Answer: (b) bring
In simple words: This is a Type 1 conditional. We are asking about a future possibility. The 'if' clause uses the simple present tense "bring."

🎯 Exam Tip: In Type 1 conditionals, the verb in the 'if' clause is in the simple present tense, even if referring to a future event.

Question 5. If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice.
(a) wants
(b) wanted
(c) want
Answer: (c) want
In simple words: This is a zero conditional, which talks about general truths or facts. For "you," the simple present form is "want."

🎯 Exam Tip: Zero conditionals (if + simple present, simple present) are used for universal truths or general outcomes, where the condition always leads to the result.

3. Match the following.

Answer:
1. If they worked hard → they would win. (Type 2 conditional: hypothetical present/future)
2. If I invite Shalini → she will come to our party. (Type 1 conditional: real future possibility)
3. If I had got enough money → I would have bought these shoes. (Type 3 conditional: unreal past situation)
In simple words: Matching these sentences means pairing the "if" part (the condition) with the correct "then" part (the result). This depends on whether we are talking about real future chances, unlikely situations, or things that did not happen in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: To match conditional sentences correctly, identify the type of conditional (Type 1, 2, or 3) by looking at the verb tense in the 'if' clause and then choose the main clause with the matching tense structure.

4. Fill in the blanks with correct verb forms.

Question 1. If you go out with your friends tonight, I will watch the football match on TV.
(a) go, would watch
(b) go, will watch
(c) go, have watched
Answer: (b) go, will watch
In simple words: This is a Type 1 conditional. If you "go" (simple present) out, then I "will watch" (simple future) the match. This describes a real future plan.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Type 1 conditionals, the 'if' clause uses the simple present tense, and the main clause uses the simple future tense.

Question 2. If he tried harder, he would reach his goals.
(a) tries, would reach
(b) tried, will reach
(c) tried, would reach
Answer: (c) tried, would reach
In simple words: This is a Type 2 conditional. If he "tried" (simple past) harder (a hypothetical situation), then he "would reach" (would + base verb) his goals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Type 2 conditionals, used for hypothetical or unlikely situations, combine "if + simple past" with "would + base form of the verb."

Question 3. If we listen to the radio, we would hear the news.
(a) listen, would hear
(b) had listen, will hear
(c) listen, would hear
Answer: (a) listen, would hear
In simple words: This is a Type 2 conditional. If we "listen" (simple past) to the radio, then we "would hear" (would + base verb) the news. It describes a hypothetical situation.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Type 2 conditionals, the simple past tense is used in the 'if' clause to express a hypothetical condition, and 'would' + base verb in the main clause for the hypothetical result.