Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 3 Natural Hazards Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. ................. is an event which causes enormous physical damage to property, loss of life and change in the environment.
(a) Hazard
(b) Disaster
(c) Recovery
(d) mitigation
Answer: (b) Disaster
In simple words: A disaster is a very bad event that causes a lot of harm, like damaging buildings, hurting people, and changing nature. It's a sudden, serious problem.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a "disaster" always involves significant negative impact, differentiating it from a "hazard" which is the potential for harm.

Question 2. Activities that reduce the effects of disaster
(a) Preparation
(b) Response
(c) Mitigation
(d) Recovery
Answer: (c) Mitigation
In simple words: Mitigation means taking steps to make the bad effects of a disaster less severe. It's like building stronger houses to protect against earthquakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between mitigation (reducing impact *before* a disaster) and response (actions *during* or *immediately after* a disaster).

Question 3. A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth's crust is called as ....................
(a) Tsunami
(b) Earthquake
(c) Fire
(d) Cyclone
Answer: (b) Earthquake
In simple words: An earthquake is when the ground shakes suddenly because of movements deep inside the Earth. It's a natural event that can cause things to fall.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define key terms like 'earthquake' by focusing on the sudden ground movement, as this is the primary characteristic.

Question 4. A sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall is called ....................
(a) Flood
(b) Cyclone
(c) Drought
(d) Seasons
Answer: (a) Flood
In simple words: A flood happens when too much water from rain or other sources overflows and covers land that is usually dry. It makes a large area fill with water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that a flood specifically refers to water overflowing onto land, often caused by heavy rainfall or melting snow.

Question 5. Road accidents can be avoided by permitting the persons who have .................... is allowed to drive vehicle.
(a) Ration card
(b) License
(c) permission
(d) Documents
Answer: (b) License
In simple words: To drive safely and avoid accidents, a person must have a valid driver's license. This shows they have been tested and are allowed to drive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that a driving license indicates a person has met the legal requirements and received training to operate a vehicle safely.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

1. A hazard is a .................... event that can causes harm or damage to human and their property.
Answer: disaster
In simple words: A hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm. When it actually happens and causes harm, it becomes a disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish clearly between a "hazard" (potential threat) and a "disaster" (realized event causing damage).

2. Activities taken during a disaster is called ....................
Answer: Response
In simple words: The things we do while a disaster is happening or right after it, like rescuing people or giving first aid, are called "response" activities. These actions are immediate reactions to the emergency.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on "during" or "immediately after" for response, and avoid confusing it with preparedness or mitigation.

3. Displacement of water can produce one or more huge destructive waves known as ....................
Answer: Tsunami
In simple words: When a lot of water is moved suddenly, especially in the ocean, it can create very large and damaging waves called a tsunami. These waves can travel across entire oceans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that tsunamis are caused by displacement of water, often from underwater earthquakes or landslides, creating immense ocean waves.

4. In case of fire accidents call the nearby police station or the no .................... for the fire service.
Answer: 101
In simple words: If there is a fire, you should quickly call the fire department for help. In many places, the special number to call for fire emergencies is 101.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing emergency numbers like 101 for fire services is crucial for quick action during accidents.

5. Disaster management refers to .................... of lives and property during a natural or manmade disaster.
Answer: conservation
In simple words: Disaster management is all about taking actions to protect people's lives and their belongings when a big natural event or human-caused accident happens. It aims to save what is valuable.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding disaster management as a process of protecting and preserving resources is key, rather than just reacting to an event.

III. Match the Following:

Question. Match the following:

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, look for the most direct and specific association between each item in column A and column B.

IV. Consider the Following Statement and Tick the Appropriate Answer:

Question 1. Assertion (A): In the modern world we can't live happily everyday.
Reason (R): Due to pollution and environmental degradation we are undergoing natural hazard and Disaster
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R
(b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
(c) A is in correct but R is correct
(d) Both A and R are in correct
Answer: (a) A and R are correct and A explains R
In simple words: The statement says we can't always live happily, which is true. The reason for this unhappiness is that pollution and environmental damage lead to many natural hazards and disasters. This means the reason correctly explains the statement.

🎯 Exam Tip: For assertion-reason questions, first check if both statements are true. Then, see if the reason directly explains or justifies the assertion, often by adding "because" between them.

Question 2. Assertion (A): Sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth's crust is called an Earthquake.
Reason (R): Movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, surface fault all leads to earthquake.
(a) A and R are correct and A explains R
(b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
(c) A is in correct but R is correct
(d) Both A and R are in correct
Answer: (a) A and R are correct and A explains R
In simple words: The first statement correctly describes an earthquake as a sudden shaking of the Earth's surface. The second statement explains that this shaking happens because of moving tectonic plates, landslides, and faults in the Earth's crust. So, both are true, and the reason tells us why earthquakes happen.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating reasons, ensure they provide a direct cause or explanation for the assertion, not just related facts.

V. Answer the Following Briefly:

Question 1. Define Hazard.
Answer: A hazard is generally a dangerous event, substance, human activity, or situation that could cause harm. This harm might include loss of life, injuries, health issues, damage to property, loss of jobs, disruptions to services, social and economic problems, or harm to the environment. It is the potential for danger.
In simple words: A hazard is anything that has the power to cause damage or hurt people, like a dangerous situation or thing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define hazard by focusing on its potential for harm, distinguishing it from an actual disaster which is the realization of that harm.

Question 2. What is a disaster?
Answer: A disaster can be generally defined as a serious event that greatly disrupts society. It causes widespread damage, affecting things like money, social life, or the environment. It is a sudden, extreme, and damaging event.
In simple words: A disaster is a very bad event that causes big problems for people and places, leading to lots of damage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that a disaster is a "serious disruption" and causes "widespread losses" to differentiate it from minor incidents.

Question 3. What are the 4 concepts of the Disaster management cycle?
Answer: The disaster management cycle includes several key concepts to handle crises effectively. While the source lists six, the core concepts often taught in a simpler four-stage cycle are:
1. Prevention
2. Mitigation
3. Preparedness
4. Response
5. Recovery
6. Rehabilitation
In simple words: The disaster management cycle has stages like stopping bad things from happening (prevention), making them less harmful (mitigation), getting ready for them (preparedness), acting during them (response), and getting back to normal after them (recovery and rehabilitation).

🎯 Exam Tip: While the question asks for 4, listing all 6 (Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Rehabilitation) shows comprehensive knowledge of the disaster management cycle.

Question 4. Name any two agency which involves in the warring system in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Two agencies involved in disaster management and response in Tamil Nadu are:

• The Tamil Nadu State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) has been created with 80 police members.
• These personnel have received training in disaster management and rescue operations with the help of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). The NDRF provides expert guidance for such training.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the full names of the agencies and briefly explain their roles, especially how they collaborate.

Question 5. Write about any three effects of the flood.
Answer: Floods can cause several serious problems, including:

• They can lead to the loss of both human lives and property.
• Many people are forced to leave their homes and move to safer places, causing displacement.
• Floods can also help contagious diseases like cholera and malaria spread quickly because of contaminated water and poor sanitation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing effects, try to include a variety of impacts such as human, economic, and health consequences for a complete answer.

Question 6. Give any four Rail safety tips.
Answer: Here are four important tips for rail safety:

• Always stay alert and be aware of your surroundings, as trains can come from any direction at any time.
• Never sit on the very edge of the station platform; keep a safe distance.
• Always use designated crossings and cross the tracks safely and carefully.
• Be aware of the "third rail" or power lines if you are near electrified tracks, as they carry high voltage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on practical, actionable advice that promotes caution and adherence to designated safe areas around train tracks.

Question 7. Name any four different industry which goes under industrial disaster frequently.
Answer: Four types of industries that often face industrial disasters due to their nature of operations are:

• Nuclear industries, which handle radioactive materials, pose risks of radiation leaks.
• Chemical industries deal with dangerous chemicals, which can lead to toxic gas releases or explosions.
• Match and crackers factories are prone to fires and explosions because of the flammable materials they use.
• Cotton and paper industries, involving large amounts of combustible materials, are at high risk of fires.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing industries, briefly explain *why* each is prone to disaster, linking it to the materials or processes involved.

VI. Distinguish Between:

Question 1. Earthquake and Tsunami.
Answer:
**Earthquake**
1. An earthquake is a sudden movement or trembling of the Earth's crust caused by the release of energy.
2. It occurs due to the movement of tectonic plates, landslides, or faults within the Earth's crust.
**Tsunami**
1. A tsunami involves huge, destructive waves produced by the displacement of a large amount of water, often from an underwater earthquake.
2. These waves can rise several meters high and reach the coast very quickly, causing widespread damage. Tsunamis often occur after powerful underwater earthquakes.
In simple words: An earthquake is when the ground shakes. A tsunami is when giant ocean waves hit the land, often caused by an earthquake under the sea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each term and then highlight the direct cause-and-effect relationship (earthquakes can cause tsunamis) to show their connection and distinction.

Question 2. Flood and Cyclone.
Answer:
**Flood:**
1. A flood is caused by heavy rainfall, cyclones, melting snow, tsunamis, or dam bursts, leading to an overflow of water.
2. A large amount of water bursts out, covering land that is normally dry.
3. Floods can cause people to move from their homes and spread diseases like cholera and malaria.
**Cyclone:**
1. A cyclone is a type of storm with strong, rotating winds and heavy rainfall, which can also cause floods, melting of snow, tsunamis or dam bursts.
2. When a cyclone hits land, it can destroy buildings and kill people, becoming a major disaster.
3. Cyclones disrupt transportation and power supply, causing widespread problems.
In simple words: A flood is when too much water covers the land. A cyclone is a big, strong spinning storm with heavy rain and wind. Cyclones can sometimes cause floods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate floods as an *overflow of water* and cyclones as a *rotating wind system*, noting that cyclones can be a *cause* of floods.

Question 3. Hazard and Disaster.
Answer:
**Hazard:**
1. A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon or situation that has the potential to cause harm, but has not yet happened.
2. It could be a human activity or condition that might lead to loss of life or injury.
3. Examples include potential for property damage, health impacts, or disruption of services.
**Disaster:**
1. A disaster actually happens and causes widespread damage, often naturally.
2. It is a serious disruption to society, causing significant harm.
3. Examples include large economic, social, or environmental losses that have already occurred. A disaster is the realization of a hazard.
In simple words: A hazard is like a threat or a dangerous possibility, something that *could* happen. A disaster is when that dangerous thing *does* happen and causes a lot of damage and harm.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key distinction is potential versus actual impact: a hazard is a potential threat, while a disaster is the actual event causing harm.

VII. Answer the Following Questions in Detail:

Question 1. Write about the disaster management cycle.
Answer: The disaster management cycle describes the different stages involved in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. It helps communities manage risks effectively. The six main phases are:
**Pre-Disaster Phase:**
**Prevention and Mitigation:**
1. Prevention involves various actions taken to protect people and property from harm. This includes measures to stop disasters from happening or reduce their likelihood.
2. Mitigation includes all steps taken to lessen the effects of a hazard and reduce how vulnerable things are to it. This aims to decrease the scale of damage in a future disaster.
3. Mitigation can also involve addressing issues like land ownership, tenancy rights, how wealth is shared, and making buildings earthquake-resistant.
**Preparedness:**
1. This process includes different steps that help governments, communities, and people quickly respond to disaster situations. The goal is to cope with disasters effectively when they happen.
2. Preparedness includes making emergency plans, setting up warning systems, keeping supplies ready, educating the public, and training staff.
**Early Warning:**
1. This involves watching situations in communities or areas that are likely to be affected by slow-onset hazards. The goal is to share information about upcoming dangers with people safely.
2. For warnings to work well, people need to be educated and trained so they know exactly what to do when they receive an alert.
**The Disaster Impact:**
1. This refers to the actual event of a hazard happening and affecting things that are at risk in real-time. It's the moment the disaster strikes.
2. The length of the event depends on the type of threat; an earthquake's shaking might last seconds, while flooding can continue for a longer time.
**During Disaster Phase:**
**Response:** This is the first step of reacting to any emergency. It includes actions like setting up control rooms, activating emergency plans, issuing warnings, evacuating people to safe places, providing medical help, and giving relief items like food, water, and clothing to those affected. It also covers restoring communication and providing financial aid.
**The Post-Disaster Phase:**
**Recovery:** Recovery describes activities that involve three overlapping stages: immediate emergency relief, rehabilitation, and long-term rebuilding. It is about getting things back to normal.
**Rehabilitation:** This phase includes providing temporary public services and housing as short-term solutions to help people recover in the long run.
**Reconstruction:** Reconstruction aims to rebuild communities better than before, with improved functions. This involves replacing damaged buildings and improving infrastructure so that the area is less vulnerable to future disasters.
**Development:** In a growing economy, development is an ongoing activity that includes long-term measures for prevention and disaster reduction. Examples include building embankments to prevent floods, creating irrigation systems for drought protection, and planting more trees to stop landslides.
In simple words: The disaster management cycle is a plan with steps before, during, and after a disaster. It includes stopping dangers, getting ready, acting fast when something happens, and then rebuilding and making things better for the future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by clearly separating the pre-disaster, during-disaster, and post-disaster phases, listing key activities under each for a comprehensive overview.

Question 2. Write about the flood, its effects, and the mitigation.
Answer:
**Flood:** A flood happens when a large amount of water suddenly overflows. This can be caused by heavy rainfall, cyclones, melting snow, tsunamis, or even a dam breaking.
**Effects:** Floods have many damaging effects, such as:
1. They can cause loss of life and destroy property.
2. People are forced to leave their homes, leading to displacement.
3. Floods can help contagious diseases, like cholera and malaria, spread easily due to dirty water.
**Mitigation for a flood:** To lessen the impact of floods, we can use several measures:
* **Structural measures** include building flood walls, sea walls, flood gates, and levees. These are physical barriers.
* **Nonstructural measures** help reduce damage by moving people and property out of danger zones. This involves actions like raising buildings on stilts, buying out properties in high-risk areas, permanent relocation of communities, and using zoning or building codes to guide construction away from floodplains. These methods aim to reduce vulnerability without building physical structures.
In simple words: Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can kill people, damage homes, and spread sickness. To reduce flood damage, we can build walls or move people away from dangerous areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing mitigation, categorize measures into structural (physical barriers) and nonstructural (planning, land-use policies) to demonstrate a complete understanding.

Question 3. Write about any five general survival techniques.
Answer: Here are five general survival techniques useful during disasters:
1. During an earthquake, you should immediately "Drop, Cover, and Hold On." Get under a sturdy table or chair, kneel to the floor, and protect your head and neck. If outside, move to an open area. Use only torch lights instead of candles to avoid fire.
2. During a flood warning, gather necessary items like a first-aid kit. Listen to local radio or TV for instructions. Always turn off all electrical supplies to prevent electrocution during both floods and earthquakes.
3. In case of a fire accident, immediately call the fire service at the emergency number, such as 101. Do not try to fight a big fire alone.
4. If your clothes catch fire, remember the "Stop, Drop, and Roll" method: stop moving, drop to the ground, and roll to put out the flames. This helps to smother the fire.
5. For overall safety, stay alert to your surroundings. Always use caution, especially around train tracks, where trains can approach from either direction at any time. Never sit on the edge of a station platform, and cross tracks only at designated safe areas.
In simple words: To stay safe, hide under a strong table during an earthquake, turn off electricity during a flood, call 101 for fire, "Stop, Drop, and Roll" if your clothes burn, and be careful near train tracks.

🎯 Exam Tip: For survival techniques, provide actionable advice that is specific to different disaster scenarios, like "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" for earthquakes.

Question 4. Write about the earthquake, its effects, and mitigation steps.
Answer:
**Earthquake:** An earthquake is a sudden movement or shaking of the Earth's crust. It is caused by the movement of tectonic plates, mass wasting (landslides), or faults (cracks) in the Earth's surface.
**Effects:** A strong earthquake can lead to many devastating effects:
* It causes loss of lives and damages buildings, roads, bridges, and dams.
* Earthquakes can trigger other disasters like floods, tsunamis, and landslides.
* They can also start fires and disrupt essential services like water supply and electrical lines.
* In some extreme cases, earthquakes can even change the path of a river.
**Mitigation steps:** To reduce the impact of earthquakes, people can take several steps:
1. Construct earthquake-resistant buildings using strong materials and flexible designs.
2. During an earthquake, seek shelter under stable objects like heavy tables.
3. Move quickly to open areas away from buildings and trees if you are outside.
4. Secure your belongings inside the house to prevent them from falling and causing injury.
5. Put latches on cabinet doors and file cabinets to keep items from spilling out during shaking.
6. Store hazardous materials, like chemicals, in sturdy, low places so they don't fall and leak.
7. Keep fire extinguishers handy and know how to use them to put out small fires that might start.
In simple words: Earthquakes are when the ground shakes, damaging things and causing other disasters like floods. To be safer, build strong buildings, hide under tables, go to open spaces, and secure things in your home.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing mitigation, categorize the steps into building design, personal safety during an event, and household preparedness to show a structured approach.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1. Why should we know about the natural disaster?
Answer: It is very important to know about natural disasters for several reasons:

• Knowing about them helps us prevent the loss of life by teaching us how to act safely during an event.
• It allows us to protect our belongings and property from damage by taking preventive measures.
• It helps in creating awareness among young people, teaching them how to prepare and respond.
• We can be prepared with emergency phone numbers for quick help.
• It enables us to stock up on necessary items like food, water, and medicine for emergencies.
• Special care can be planned for children and older people who are more vulnerable during a disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the benefits of knowledge for preparedness, safety, and protection of vulnerable groups when explaining why learning about disasters is important.

7th Social Science Guide Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Additional Important Questions

I. Choose the Correct Answer.

7th Social Science Guide Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1. On 2nd to 3rd May high-velocity dust storms swept across the parts of North India and more than 125 people died and over 200 were injured.
(a) 2019
(b) 2018
(c) 2016
(d) 2017
Answer: (b) 2018
In simple words: Strong dust storms hit North India in May 2018, causing many people to die and get hurt.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about specific dates or years, pay close attention to the numerical facts provided in the question.

Question 2. After tsunami, cyclone Gaja is the worst natural disaster to hit Tamilnadu.
(a) 2004
(b) 2005
(c) 2006
(d) 2007
Answer: (a) 2004
In simple words: Cyclone Gaja was the worst disaster for Tamil Nadu after the big tsunami in 2004.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering key disaster events and their years helps to understand the scale of impact on specific regions like Tamil Nadu.

Question 3. The word "Tsunami" is derived from the word.
(a) Italy
(b) Germany
(c) Korea
(d) Japanese
Answer: (d) Japanese
In simple words: The word "Tsunami" comes from the Japanese language.

🎯 Exam Tip: Many scientific and disaster-related terms have origins in specific languages, reflecting where they were first studied or frequently observed.

Question 4. A low-pressure area that is encircled by high-pressure wind is called a
(a) Hurricane
(b) Cyclone
(c) Flood
(d) Tsunami
Answer: (b) Cyclone
In simple words: A cyclone is a low-pressure area with high-pressure winds circling it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the basic atmospheric conditions like low and high pressure is essential for defining weather phenomena like cyclones and anticyclones.

Question 5. In the early hours of November 10, 2018... cyclone had been spread around 120(Kmph).
(a) Suthrina
(b) vartha
(c) Gaja
(d) Verdan
Answer: (c) Gaja
In simple words: On November 10, 2018, Cyclone Gaja hit with winds of about 120 Kmph.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the names of significant cyclones and their associated wind speeds helps in recalling specific disaster events.

Question 6. is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
(a) Recovery
(b) Reconstruction
(c) Rehabilitation
(d) Development
Answer: (a) Recovery
In simple words: Recovery includes all actions like giving help, fixing things, and rebuilding after a disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate between the phases of disaster management – response, recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction – to avoid confusion.

Question 7. attempts to return communities with improved predisaster functioning.
(a) Recovery
(b) Reconstruction
(c) Rehabilitation
(d) Development
Answer: (b) Reconstruction
In simple words: Reconstruction means rebuilding communities after a disaster to make them better than before.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reconstruction aims to "build back better" by incorporating improvements that reduce future vulnerabilities, distinguishing it from simple restoration.

Question 8. State Disaster Management plan – The perspective plan prepared by the Revenue and Disaster Management Department.
(a) 2018-2030
(b) 2010-2030
(c) 2020-2030
(d) 2030-2040
Answer: (a) 2018-2030
In simple words: The State Disaster Management plan from the Revenue and Disaster Management Department is for the years 2018-2030.

🎯 Exam Tip: Governmental plans often have specific timeframes, so knowing these periods is important for questions on policy and implementation.

Question 9. During the earthquake be under the kneel to the floor and protect yourself.
(a) table
(b) below the wall
(c) below the steps
(d) near the mirror
Answer: (a) table
In simple words: When an earthquake happens, get under a strong table, kneel, and protect yourself.

🎯 Exam Tip: The "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" method is the standard safety advice during an earthquake, emphasizing finding sturdy shelter.

Question 10. In case of fire accidents dial for fire service.
(a) 102
(b) 103
(c) 101
(d) 100
Answer: (c) 101
In simple words: Call 101 for the fire service if there is a fire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing local emergency contact numbers is vital for rapid response in various disaster situations.

II. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1. A hazard is a event that can causes harm or damage to human and their property.
Answer: dangerous phenomenon
In simple words: A hazard is a dangerous thing that can hurt people or their belongings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key terms precisely, differentiating between a 'hazard' (potential for harm) and a 'disaster' (actual realization of harm).

Question 2. A (or) trembling of the earth crust is called as earthquake.
Answer: sudden movement
In simple words: An earthquake is when the Earth's crust suddenly moves or shakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear and concise language when describing natural phenomena, highlighting the core characteristic like "sudden movement" for an earthquake.

Question 3. Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges, and dams are damaged are called.
Answer: Hazards
In simple words: When a strong earthquake damages lives and property, the dangerous situations created are called hazards.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on accurately completing the sentence based on the definition requested, even if the phrasing of the blank is complex.

Question 4. is a natural hazard. It develops at sea.
Answer: Hurricane
In simple words: A hurricane is a natural hazard that starts in the sea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify unique characteristics, such as origin at sea for hurricanes, to correctly match the hazard with its definition.

Question 5. means harbor waves.
Answer: Tsunami
In simple words: "Tsunami" means "harbor waves."

🎯 Exam Tip: Recalling the literal meaning of terms from their language of origin can help in understanding and remembering their definitions.

Question 6. The term is a sudden rush of a crowd of people.
Answer: stampede
In simple words: A stampede is when a large group of people suddenly rush forward without control.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use precise vocabulary to describe specific types of crowd behavior, especially in emergency contexts.

Question 7. is a disaster.
Answer: Fire
In simple words: An uncontrolled fire is a disaster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Simple yet critical classifications like identifying specific events as disasters are fundamental to disaster management studies.

Question 8. refers to the "real-time event of a hazard occurrence and affecting elements at risk."
Answer: Disaster Impact
In simple words: Disaster Impact means when a dangerous event really happens and affects things that can be harmed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that "Disaster Impact" focuses on the actual, immediate effects and consequences once a hazard materializes.

Question 9. embraces all measures taken to reduce both the effects of the hazard itself and the vulnerable conditions.
Answer: Mitigation
In simple words: Mitigation means taking steps to reduce how much damage a hazard can do and to make places less likely to be harmed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mitigation involves long-term strategies to lessen the severity of a disaster, distinguishing it from short-term response actions.

Question 10. If any occur dial, 101 for Fire service and 108 for the Ambulance.
Answer: emergency medical help
In simple words: For emergency medical help, call 108, and for fire service, call 101.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the correct emergency numbers for different services as quick action can save lives.

III. Match the following:

Question. Match the following.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, identify key terms or unique characteristics for each item in column A and find the corresponding best fit in column B.

IV. Answer the following briefly:

Question 1. Write down the examples of Natural disasters.
Answer: Examples of natural disasters include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, windstorms, floods, and epidemics. These events occur due to natural processes on Earth.
In simple words: Natural disasters are things like earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, strong winds, floods, and widespread sickness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a diverse list of natural disasters, covering geological, meteorological, and biological categories to show comprehensive understanding.

Question 2. What is the post-disaster phase in Disaster?
Answer: The post-disaster phase includes different stages focused on rebuilding and returning to normal. These stages typically involve response, recovery, and rehabilitation efforts.
In simple words: After a disaster, the main steps are responding, recovering, and rehabilitating the affected areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: The post-disaster phase is crucial for long-term recovery and reducing future vulnerabilities, often encompassing emergency response, recovery, and rehabilitation.

Question 3. What is Preparedness?
Answer: Preparedness is the process of taking many different actions to help governments, local communities, and individuals react quickly to disaster situations. This allows them to manage the effects of a disaster in a good way. It includes planning and training.
In simple words: Preparedness means getting ready before a disaster, so governments and people can respond fast and deal with it well.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining preparedness, highlight its proactive nature, focusing on readiness and effective response before a disaster strikes.

V. Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1. Explain the general survival techniques while happening disasters.
Answer: During disasters, various survival techniques can help keep people safe. For an earthquake, get under a sturdy table and hold on tight to protect yourself. During a flood forecast, gather essential items like a first-aid kit. In a fire, immediately call 101 for the fire service. To prevent road accidents, always follow traffic rules. When traveling, remember to read any safety briefing cards, like those on airplanes, carefully.
In simple words: To stay safe in disasters: during earthquakes, get under a table; for floods, get supplies; for fire, call 101; follow road safety; and read safety cards.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide practical, actionable tips for different disaster scenarios, emphasizing personal safety and preparedness for each situation mentioned.