Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 3 Emergence of New Kingdom

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. Who revived the later Chola dynasty?
(a) Vijayalaya
(b) Rajaraja I
(c) Rajendra I
(d) Athirajendra
Answer: (a) Vijayalaya
In simple words: Vijayalaya was the ruler who brought back the Chola dynasty to power after it had declined. He laid the foundation for the later powerful Chola Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures like Vijayalaya for their role in founding or reviving major dynasties; these are often tested.

Question 2. Who among the following Pandya rulers is known for ending the Kalabhra rule?
(a) Kadunkon
(b) ViraPandyan
(c) Kun Pandyan
(d) Varaguna
Answer: (a) Kadunkon
In simple words: Kadunkon was a Pandya king who is famous for ending the rule of the Kalabhras. He helped bring the Pandya kingdom back to power.

🎯 Exam Tip: When studying rulers, focus on their significant achievements, like ending a previous rule or starting a new era.

Question 3. Which of the following was the lowest unit of Chola administration?
(a) Mandalam
(b) Nadu
(c) Kurram
(d) Ur
Answer: (d) Ur
In simple words: In the Chola kingdom, "Ur" was the smallest part of how the government was organized. It was basically a village assembly where local decisions were made.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the administrative structure, especially the smallest unit, is crucial for questions about governance.

Question 4. Who was the last ruler Vijayalaya line of Chola dynasty?
Answer: AthiRajendra
In simple words: AthiRajendra was the final ruler from the family line of Vijayalaya in the Chola dynasty. His death marked the end of the direct Chola line.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the names of the first and last rulers of important dynasties, as they often appear in questions.

Question 5. An example Of Chola architecture can be seen at
(a) Kannayiram
(b) Uraiyur
(c) Kanchipuram
(d) Thanjavur
Answer: (d) Thanjavur
In simple words: You can see a great example of Chola architecture in Thanjavur. The Brihadeshwara Temple there is a famous example of their grand building style.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate major architectural achievements with the ruling dynasty and their most famous sites.

Question 6. To which of the following, Marco Polo went in the last decade of the 13th century in India?
(a) Chola mandalam
(b) Pandya country
(c) Kongu region
(d) Malainadu
Answer: (b) Pandya country
In simple words: Marco Polo, a famous traveler, visited the Pandya kingdom in the late 1200s. He wrote about his observations there, giving us valuable insights into the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember which foreign travelers visited which kingdoms, as their accounts often provide unique historical perspectives.

II. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1. ................ built the famous Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur.
Answer: Rajaraja I
In simple words: Rajaraja I was the king who built the very famous Brihadeshwara Temple in Thanjavur. This temple is a masterpiece of Chola art and architecture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link important historical buildings with the rulers responsible for their construction.

Question 2. ................ established a Vedic college at Ennayiram.
Answer: Rajendra I
In simple words: Rajendra I set up a school for Vedic studies in Ennayiram. This shows how much the Chola kings supported education and religious learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the contributions of rulers in the field of education and culture.

Question 3. ................ was the donor of Velvikudi Copper plates.
Answer: Jatila Parantaka Nedujadayan (Varguna I)
In simple words: Jatila Parantaka Nedujadayan, also known as Varguna I, gave the Velvikudi Copper plates. These plates are important historical records that tell us about land grants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important historical documents and their donors are key facts to remember.

Question 4. The royal secretariat of the Pandya kingdom was known as ................
Answer: Eluttu – Mandapam
In simple words: The king's office in the Pandya kingdom was called Eluttu-Mandapam. This was where all official records and letters were managed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the specific terms used for administrative bodies in different kingdoms.

III. Match the Following:

Answer:
1. Madurai - d) Capital of Pandyas
2. Gangaikonda Cholapuram - c) Capital of Cholas
3. Anju- Vannatter - b) Maritime traders
4. Mani- gramattar - a) Inland traders
In simple words: This match helps us connect important cities with the kingdoms they belonged to, and different groups with their roles in trade. Knowing these pairs helps understand the old societies.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, it's helpful to remember specific facts like capitals, important cities, and the professions or groups associated with them.

IV. True or False:

Question 1. A Muslim state subordinate to Delhi Sultan was in Madurai.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that a Muslim state was set up in Madurai, which was under the control of the Delhi Sultan. This shows the spread of the Delhi Sultanate's influence to the south.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the geographical spread and influence of major empires like the Delhi Sultanate.

Question 2. Koodal – Nagar Kavalan was the title of a Pandya king.
Answer: True
In simple words: The title "Koodal-Nagar Kavalan" meaning 'Protector of Madurai' was indeed used by a Pandya king. This title highlighted their role as guardians of their capital city.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the meaning of titles and epithets can offer insight into the status and roles of rulers.

Question 3. Chola kingdom was situated in the Vaigai delta.
Answer: False
In simple words: The statement is false; the Chola kingdom was mainly in the Kaveri delta, not the Vaigai delta. The Vaigai delta was more associated with the Pandya kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the geographical locations and river deltas associated with different kingdoms.

Question 4. Kulothunga I belonged to Chalukya – Chola dynasty.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that Kulothunga I was part of the Chalukya-Chola dynasty. This dynasty came about by combining the Chalukya and Chola families through marriage, showing how political alliances were formed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key rulers and their lineage, especially when new dynasties or inter-dynastic marriages are involved.

Question 5. The elder son of the Chola king was called Yuvaraja.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that the eldest son of the Chola king was known as Yuvaraja. This was the traditional title for the crown prince, who was expected to inherit the throne.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with royal titles and succession rules in different historical periods.

V. Consider the following statements. Tick (√) the appropriate answer:

Question 1. Which of the following statements about Later Cholas are correct?
1. They had a system of local self-government.
2. They maintained a strong navy.
3. They were the followers of Buddhism.
4. They built big temples.
(a) 1,2 and 3
(b) 2,3 and 4
(c) 1,2 and 4
(d) 1,3 and 4
Answer: (c) 1,2 and 4
In simple words: The Later Cholas were known for their local self-governance, powerful navy, and building large temples. They primarily followed Hinduism, not Buddhism.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing statements about a dynasty, verify each point individually against known historical facts, especially regarding religion and key policies.

Question 2. Which of the following statements are true with regard to Rajendra Chola?
1. He assumed the title Gangaikonda Chola.
2. He conquered Southern Sumatra.
3. He is credited with consolidating the Chola power.
4. His naval power enabled him to conquer Srivijaya.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1,2 and 4
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: All the statements about Rajendra Chola are true. He was a very powerful ruler who expanded the Chola Empire, took on special titles, and used his strong navy to conquer lands like Srivijaya.

🎯 Exam Tip: For prominent rulers, try to remember their major titles, conquests, and key contributions to their empire.

Question 3. Assertion: The Yuvaraj were appointed Governors in the provinces. Reason: This was done for their training in administration.
(a) R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct.
(d) A and R are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: The statement that Yuvaraj (crown princes) were made governors is true, and the reason for this was indeed to train them for future administrative roles. This helped them gain experience before becoming king.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are true, then determine if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

Question 4. Arrange the following administrative divisions in descending order.
1) Nadu
2) Mandalam
3) Ur
4) Kurram
Answer:
2) Mandalam → 1) Nadu → 4) Kurram → 3) Ur
In simple words: The largest administrative unit was Mandalam, followed by Nadu, then Kurram, and finally Ur as the smallest. This hierarchy helped manage the large Chola empire effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the administrative hierarchy from largest to smallest for ancient Indian kingdoms.

Question 5. Arrange the events in chronological order.
1. Maravarman appointed Virapandyan as co-regent.
2. Civil war broke out.
3. A Muslim State was established in Madurai.
4. MaravarmanKulasekaran had two sons – Virapandyan and Sundrapandyan
5. SundraPandyan sought help from Ala -ud-din Khalji.
6. Malik Kafur invaded Madurai.
Answer:
4. MaravarmanKulasekaran had two sons – Virapandyan and Sundrapandyan
1. Maravarman appointed Virapandyan as co-regent.
2. Civil war broke out.
5. SundraPandyan sought help from Ala -ud-din Khalji.
6. Malik Kafur invaded Madurai.
3. A Muslim State was established in Madurai.
In simple words: First, Maravarman Kulasekaran had two sons. Then, he made one son, Virapandyan, a co-ruler. This led to a civil war. After that, Sundra Pandyan asked for help from Ala-ud-din Khalji, which caused Malik Kafur to invade Madurai. Finally, a Muslim state was set up there.

🎯 Exam Tip: For chronological order questions, identify the cause-and-effect relationships and the initial/final events to help sequence them correctly.

Question 6. Find out

Answer:
Brahmadeya – Land gifted to Brahmins
Devadana – Land gifted to temples
Pallichchandam- Land donated to Jain institution
Vellanvagai Land of non - brahmins properties
In simple words: These terms describe different types of land grants during ancient times. Land was given to Brahmins (Brahmadeya), temples (Devadana), Jain institutions (Pallichchandam), and also to non-Brahmins (Vellanvagai).

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing specific terms related to land grants and social structures is very important for historical context.

VI. Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1. What were the items exported during the later Chola period?
Answer: During the Later Chola period, items like sandalwood, ebony, and various spices were sent out to other regions. They also exported precious gems, pepper, oil, paddy, grains, and salt. These exports boosted the Chola economy significantly.
In simple words: The Cholas sold things like sandalwood, ebony, spices, gems, pepper, oil, rice, other grains, and salt to other countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing exports, try to categorize them (e.g., forest products, spices, food grains) to make your answer comprehensive.

Question 2. What was called Chatur-Vedi-Mangalam?
Answer: Chatur-Vedi-Mangalam, also known simply as Mangalam, referred to the Brahmin settlements. These settlements were created by kings and local chiefs and often came with good irrigation facilities. This encouraged Brahmins to settle and engage in scholarly pursuits.
In simple words: Chatur-Vedi-Mangalam was the name for villages where Brahmins lived. Kings or local leaders made these villages and provided water for farms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specialized terms for land grants and settlements, especially those related to social classes.

Question 3. Write about Kanikadan.
Answer: Kanikadan was the term for land tax in the Chola country. One-third of the agricultural produce was collected as this land tax, usually in kind. This system was vital for the Chola state's revenue.
In simple words: Kanikadan was a land tax in the Chola kingdom. Farmers paid one-third of what they grew as this tax.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing different types of taxes and their collection methods is important for understanding the economic system of a kingdom.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1. Highlight any five aspects of Cholas' legacy.
Answer:
1. The Chola rulers set up a well-organized system of government. The empire was divided into sections called mandalams, naadus, kurrams, and gramams. This allowed for effective governance across a vast territory.
2. An important feature of the Chola rule was their very efficient local administration. Villages had a great degree of self-governance, which was quite advanced for its time.
3. The Cholas placed importance on irrigation. They built structures like vati-vaykkal, ur-vaykkal, and nadu-vaykkal to make sure water was properly spread to all the fields. This supported agriculture and economic prosperity.
4. Chola rulers built many famous temples in places like Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, and Darasuram. These kings were also big supporters of learning. Their architectural and literary contributions are still admired today.
5. Trade grew well during their time, helping the economy to flourish. The Chola rulers' patronage fostered a period of great artistic and cultural development.
In simple words: The Cholas left behind a strong government system, great local self-rule, and advanced irrigation methods. They built beautiful temples and supported learning. Also, trade grew a lot during their rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a dynasty's legacy, focus on key areas like administration, infrastructure, art and architecture, education, and economy.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1. Chola kings were great patrons of learning: Support the statement with details.
Answer:
1. Rajendra I founded a Vedic college at Ennayiram. In this institution, subjects like Vedas, grammar, and Upanishads were taught. This shows his dedication to traditional learning.
2. His successors continued this tradition, establishing two more such colleges in 1048 and 1067. This indicates a sustained commitment to education over generations.
3. Many great literary works, such as "Periyapuranam" and "Kamba Ramayanam," were created during this period. These works are important parts of Tamil literature, highlighting the cultural richness of the era.
In simple words: Chola kings really cared about learning. Rajendra I started a big college to teach Vedas. Later kings also built more colleges. Important books like Periyapuranam and Kamba Ramayanam were also written then.

🎯 Exam Tip: When supporting a statement, use specific examples like names of institutions, works, and rulers to strengthen your argument.

IX. Students Activity:

Question. Who am I?

Question 1. I was responsible for the Malik Kafur invasion.
Answer: Sundara Pandiyan
In simple words: Sundara Pandiyan was the person who asked Malik Kafur for help, which led to the invasion of Madurai. This event changed the political landscape of the south.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember who initiated significant historical events, as it helps connect different powers and their interactions.

Question 2. I built 16-mile embankment-lake in Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
Answer: Rajendra Chola
In simple words: Rajendra Chola built a very long lake with an embankment in Gangaikonda Cholapuram. This large water body was important for irrigation and for the new capital city.

🎯 Exam Tip: Major infrastructure projects are usually associated with powerful rulers, so remember the names and their accomplishments.

Question 3. I am a water supply channel.
Answer: Vaykkal
In simple words: A 'Vaykkal' is a channel or canal used to carry water for farming. It was an important part of the Chola's excellent irrigation system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the local terms for geographical features or infrastructure, especially those related to agriculture.

Question 4. I codified Thirumurai.
Answer: Nambiyandar Nambi
In simple words: Nambiyandar Nambi organized and collected the sacred Tamil Saivite hymns, which are known as Thirumurai. His work helped preserve important religious texts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key figures in religious and literary history, especially those who compiled important texts, are often significant.

Question 5. I was a great port. Marco Polo visited me twice.
Answer: Kayal Patnam
In simple words: Kayal Patnam was a major port where Marco Polo visited two times. It was a busy place for trade and a significant part of the Pandya kingdom's economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important ports and their historical significance, especially if visited by famous travelers, are good facts to remember.

X. Answer Grid:

Question 1. Name the two literary works of the Chola period.
Answer: Periyapuranam, Kamba Ramayanam
In simple words: Two important books from the Chola time were Periyapuranam and Kamba Ramayanam. These are famous Tamil stories and poems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always list specific literary works when asked about the cultural achievements of a period.

Question 2. Which port is associated with pearl fishery?
Answer: Korkai
In simple words: Korkai was a port famous for its pearl fishery. It was a key center for finding and trading pearls, which were highly valued.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific ports with their primary trade activities or specializations.

Question 3. What do kasu, kalanchu and pon refer to?
Answer: Gold coins
In simple words: Kasu, kalanchu, and pon were all different names for gold coins used in ancient South India. They were important for trade and the economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with currency names and their values from different historical periods.

Question 4. In which district is Kayal -Pattinam located?
Answer: Thoothukudi
In simple words: Kayal-Pattinam, an ancient port town, is found in the Thoothukudi district. This area was important for trade along the coast.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the modern geographical locations of important historical sites.

Question 5. Who was the Pandya king, defeated by Parantaka I?
Answer: RajaSimha II
In simple words: RajaSimha II was the Pandya king who lost a battle against Parantaka I, a Chola ruler. This defeat showed the growing power of the Cholas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key conflicts and the rulers involved to understand shifts in power between dynasties.

Question 6. Where is the famous Meenakshi temple located?
Answer: Madurai
In simple words: The well-known Meenakshi temple is located in Madurai. It is a very old and important temple dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link famous temples with their cities and the dynasties that might have built or patronized them.

7th Social Science Guide Emergence Of New Kingdoms In South India: Later Cholas And Pandyas Additional Important Questions And Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1. The river ................ flow in Chola country
(a) Cauvery
(b) Vaigai
(c) Gangai
(d) Amaravathi
Answer: (a) Cauvery
In simple words: The Cauvery river flows through the Chola country. This river was very important for their farming and prosperity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Major rivers are often linked to the core regions of ancient kingdoms, as they provided essential water resources.

Question 2. The capital of Chola country was
(a) Kayal
(b) Madurai
(c) Uraiyur
(d) Vanchi
Answer: (c) Uraiyur
In simple words: Uraiyur was the main capital city of the Chola kingdom. It was an important center for their rule and activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the capital cities of different dynasties, as this is a fundamental historical fact.

Question 3. Gangai konda cholapuram was built by
(a) Rajaraja I
(b) Rajendra I
(c) Rajendrall
Answer: (b) Rajendra I
In simple words: Gangaikonda Cholapuram was built by King Rajendra I. He made it his new capital city after his victory in a northern campaign.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important cities and their founders are key facts, especially when a new capital is established after a major conquest.

Question 4. VelanVagai landholders were called as
(a) Vellalars
(b) Chettis
(c) Brahmas
(d) Vaisyas
Answer: (a) Vellalars
In simple words: People who owned land during that time, called VelanVagai, were known by the name Vellalars. This group was an important part of society, especially in farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific terms used for different groups of people or landholders in historical periods, as these are often tested.

Question 5. Chola rulers were the followers of
(a) Saivism
(b) Vaishnavism
(c) Buddhism
(d) Jainism
Answer: (a) Saivism
In simple words: The kings of the Chola dynasty mostly followed Saivism, which is a branch of Hinduism that worships Lord Shiva. Many grand temples dedicated to Shiva were built during their rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the primary religious beliefs of ruling dynasties helps understand their cultural contributions and architectural styles.

Question 6. Which saivi Saint converted Pandya king Arikestria Jainism to Saivism?
(a) Appar
(b) Thirugana sambandar
(c) Sundarar
(d) Maanikka vaasagar
Answer: (b) Thirugana sambandar
In simple words: Thirugana sambandar was a famous Saivite saint who convinced King Arikestria to change from Jainism to Saivism. This event shows how influential religious leaders were back then.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key religious conversions or changes in royal patronage are significant historical events and are frequently asked about.

Question 7. .was known as koodal
(a) Chennai
(b) Trichy
(c) Thanjavur
(d) Madurai
Answer: (d) Madurai
In simple words: Madurai was also known as Koodal, which means a meeting place. It was a very important city for trade and culture during ancient times.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate ancient city names with their alternative names, as they often appear in historical texts and exams.

Question 8. Vaishnava saints were known as
(a) Alwars
(b) Nayanmars
(c) Monks
(d) Priests
Answer: (a) Alwars
In simple words: Vaishnava saints were called Alwars, and they were devoted followers of Lord Vishnu. They wrote many beautiful devotional poems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between Alwars (Vaishnava saints) and Nayanmars (Saiva saints) as this is a common point of confusion.

Question 9. The busiest port in Pandya country was
(a) Tondi
(b) Musiri
(c) Kayal pattinam
(d) Korkai
Answer: (c) Kayal pattinam
In simple words: Kayal Pattinam was the most active trading port in the Pandya kingdom. It was a major center for goods coming in and going out of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key ports and their importance in trade for different kingdoms to understand their economic strength.

Question 10. Manur Inscription dated on
(a) 800 A. D
(b) 900 A.D
(c) 1000A.D
(d)1100A.D
Answer: (a) 800 A.D
In simple words: The Manur Inscription, which gives us important information about local administration, is from the year 800 A.D. These inscriptions are like historical records carved on stone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates associated with important inscriptions or events are crucial for chronological understanding.

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. In ..................A.D Chola dynasty was declined.
Answer: 1279
In simple words: The Chola dynasty, which was very powerful, started to decline around the year 1279 A.D. This marked the end of their long rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the end dates of major dynasties helps in understanding historical timelines and the transitions between kingdoms.

2. The Group of Villages were called as................
Answer: Kurram
In simple words: In the Chola kingdom, a group of villages was called a Kurram. This was a smaller administrative unit within larger divisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the different administrative divisions (like Kurram, Nadu, Mandalam) of the Chola empire.

3. The eldest son in Chola kingdom was................
Answer: Yuvaraja
In simple words: The oldest son of the Chola king was known as the Yuvaraja. He was usually trained to become the next ruler.

🎯 Exam Tip: Terms related to royal succession and titles are important for understanding the structure of ancient monarchies.

4. The Urar was................
Answer: landholders
In simple words: The Urar were the landholders in the common villages. They played an important role in local affairs and governance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Different groups like Urar, Sabha, and Nagaram were parts of Chola local administration; remember their specific roles.

5. ...................in Brahman villages carried out administrative, Judicial, and Financial functions.
Answer: Sabhaiyar
In simple words: The Sabhaiyar were groups of Brahmins in Brahmin villages who handled many important tasks. They took care of running the village, solving disputes, and managing money matters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the specialized roles of different assemblies, such as the Sabhaiyar in Brahmin-dominated villages, highlighting the stratified nature of local governance.

6. The sub-section of Vellalar was..............
Answer: Ulu-kudi.
In simple words: Ulu-kudi was a specific group within the larger Vellalar community. They often had particular roles in farming and land management.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the sub-sections within larger social groups provides insight into the complex social structure of the period.

7. .....................were the lowest rung of society.
Answer: Adimai and Panicey – makkal
In simple words: Adimai and Panicey-makkal were considered the lowest groups in society during that time. They often worked as laborers or servants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowledge of social hierarchies, including the lowest strata, is essential for a complete understanding of historical societies.

8. The ...................was in practice in distributing the water.
Answer: turn system
In simple words: The "turn system" was a method used to make sure water was shared fairly among farmers. This shows how organized they were about managing natural resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the importance of irrigation and water management techniques like the "turn system" in supporting agriculture in ancient India.

9. Mani – gramattar was......................traders.
Answer: inland
In simple words: Mani-gramattar were groups of traders who mainly did business within the country. They moved goods from one town to another.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between inland traders (Mani-gramattar) and maritime traders (Anju-Vannatter) to understand the scope of trade networks.

10. Anju-vannatter was....................traders.
Answer: maritime
In simple words: Anju-Vannatter were traders who travelled by sea. They were very important for international trade and connecting the region with other countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key trading communities reflect the economic activities and connectivity of a kingdom with other regions.

11. Pandyas early capital was..................
Answer: Korkai
In simple words: Korkai was the first important capital city of the Pandyas. It was a well-known port city before Madurai became their main capital.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the initial and later capitals of major dynasties, as they often changed due to strategic or political reasons.

12. Pandyas eliminated the power of ....................and came to power.
Answer: Kalabhras
In simple words: The Pandyas became strong rulers after they defeated the Kalabhras, who had controlled parts of South India for some time. This victory helped the Pandyas rise to power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the groups that were overthrown by rising powers helps trace the succession of kingdoms and power shifts.

13. Arikesari Maravarman was known as ...............
Answer: Kunpandian
In simple words: Arikesari Maravarman, a powerful Pandya king, was also known by the name Kunpandian. He was a significant ruler who expanded the Pandya kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember alternative names or titles of important historical figures, as questions might use either name.

14. Arikesari Maravarman was a contemporary of the Pallava king...................
Answer: Mahendravarman I.
In simple words: King Arikesari Maravarman of the Pandyas lived at the same time as Pallava king Mahendravarman I. This means they ruled in different areas during the same historical period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing contemporary rulers helps in establishing a broader understanding of regional politics and interactions.

15. Arikesari impaled ....................Jains.
Answer: 8000
In simple words: Arikesari Maravarman is believed to have punished 8000 Jains. This event is a part of historical accounts, reflecting religious tensions of the era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of significant, though sometimes controversial, events linked to rulers, as they highlight the political and religious climate of the time.

III. Match the Following:

Question. Match the Following:

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, identify one or two definite pairs first, then use elimination to find the remaining matches.

IV. True or False:

1. The average cost of Jama – lud din’s own breed cost was 220 dinars of Gold.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that the special breed owned by Jama-lud-din cost 220 gold dinars. This detail tells us about the high value of certain animals during that period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific numerical values in historical statements, as they are often used to test factual accuracy.

2. Marco Polo and wassaff state the importance of the spice trade.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false because while Marco Polo and Wassaff did mention trade, their primary focus was not on the spice trade. Marco Polo, for example, talked a lot about the horse trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate the specific aspects of trade or economy highlighted by various historical travelers or chroniclers.

3. Marco Polo hailed the chola kingdom as the richest and the most splendid province in the world.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false. Marco Polo actually described the Pandya kingdom, not the Chola kingdom, as being very rich and splendid. It's important to remember which kingdom he was talking about.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful not to confuse details or descriptions attributed to one kingdom with another, especially when comparing contemporary powers.

4. The 16-mile long embankment built by Rajendra chola in Gangaikonda cholapuram
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that Rajendra Chola built a large 16-mile long embankment in Gangaikonda Cholapuram. This massive construction helped create a huge lake, showing his excellent engineering skills and focus on irrigation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Significant architectural or engineering feats by rulers are important historical facts and demonstrate their administrative focus.

V. Consider the following statements. Tick () the appropriate answer:

Question 1. Which assertion is are correct about the pavons at cholas in Learnins
1. Chola kings were great patrons of learning.
2. Rajendra I established a vedic college at Ennayiram village
3. Cholas were learning vedas, grammar and upanishadi
4. Two more such colleges founded in 1048 and 1067
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1,3 and 4
(d) All of these
Answer: (c) 1, 3 and 4
In simple words: Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct about the Chola kings and their focus on education. They supported learning, studied religious texts, and built more colleges, making education widely available.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating multiple statements, break down each one and compare it with known facts about the topic to arrive at the correct combination.

Question 2. Assertion (A) : The Governments of the east coast pursued a more liberal and enlightened policy towards overseas trades. Reason (R) : Arab settlements were expanded on the west coast of Southern India
(a) R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct.
(d) A and R are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains why. The east coast had open trade policies, and Arab settlements grew on the west coast. This shows how trade routes developed and influenced different regions.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then determine if the Reason logically explains the Assertion.

Question 3. Assertion (A) : The Chola period witnessed extensive construction of temples. Reason (R) : Chola rulers were ardent saivifies
(a) R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct.
(d) A and R are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: The assertion is true that many temples were built during the Chola period. The reason is also true, as Chola rulers were strong followers of Saivism, a religion that reveres Lord Shiva, which motivated them to build grand Shiva temples.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the religious affiliations of a dynasty with their architectural contributions, as this often provides a direct explanation for their building patterns.

VI. Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1. What were the works of Committees in Chola country?
Answer: The committees in Ur, Sabha, Nagaram, and Nadu managed various tasks in Chola villages. They handled irrigation, built roads and temples, cared for gardens, collected taxes, and organized religious festivals. These committees made local administration very efficient.
In simple words: Chola committees took care of water, roads, temples, and collecting money. They also planned village festivals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the main functions of local administrative bodies in the Chola system, especially their role in public works and revenue.

Question 2. Write a note on Uttiramerur Inscription.
Answer: The Uttiramerur Inscription is located in the Kanchipuram District in a Brahmin village. This inscription is very important because it clearly describes how candidates were chosen for elections in the village assemblies. It gives detailed rules about local self-governance.
In simple words: The Uttiramerur Inscription is a stone record in Kanchipuram that tells us exactly how village leaders were chosen. It details the rules for elections.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Uttiramerur Inscription is a landmark for understanding ancient Indian local self-governance; recall its location and primary subject matter.

Question 3. Point out the importance of Vedic College in Ennayiram
Answer: King Rajendra I established a significant Vedic College in Ennayiram. This college was a major center for learning, where 340 students were taught Vedas, grammar, and Upanishads by 14 teachers. It shows the Chola kings' strong support for education and religious studies.
In simple words: King Rajendra I started a big Vedic college at Ennayiram where many students learned religious texts like Vedas and grammar from many teachers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the patronage of learning by rulers, highlighting specific institutions like the Vedic College at Ennayiram and its curriculum.

Question 4. Who was ai – nutruvar?
Answer: The Ai-Nutruvar was a powerful guild, which means a group of merchants, that managed maritime trade in the Chola country. They were active in South and East Asian countries, indicating their wide-ranging influence. This guild helped connect the Chola kingdom with other regions through sea trade.
In simple words: The Ai-Nutruvar was a group of merchants who handled sea trade for the Chola kingdom, especially with countries in South and East Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key trading guilds like Ai-Nutruvar demonstrate the economic reach and organization of a kingdom; remember their role and geographical scope.

Question 5. Mention the name of Royal officials in the Pandya Empire.
Answer: Some important royal officials in the Pandya Empire included Maran-eyinan, Sattan, Ganapathy, Enathi-Sattan, Tira-Tiran, and Murthi-eyinan. These officials played various roles in the administration and governance of the kingdom.
In simple words: Royal officials in the Pandya Empire included Maran-eyinan, Sattan, Ganapathy, Enathi-Sattan, Tira-Tiran, and Murthi-eyinan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with the titles of important administrative officers in different ancient Indian kingdoms.

Question 6. What is an Embankment?
Answer: An embankment is a wall or a strong stone structure built to stop a river from flooding a nearby area. It also helps to store water for later use, especially for farming. These structures are crucial for managing water resources.
In simple words: An embankment is a wall, often made of stone, built to stop rivers from flooding and to store water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the purpose and importance of irrigation structures like embankments in supporting agriculture and flood control in historical contexts.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1. Rajaraja I was the powerful ruler of the Chola Empire – Justify.
Answer:

• Rajaraja I was indeed a very powerful and well-regarded ruler.
• He made the Chola authority strong across South India, including the West coast and Sri Lanka. He expanded the empire widely through his military campaigns.
• He built the famous Brihadeshwara Temple in Thanjavur, showcasing his devotion and architectural ambition.
• He also created a marriage alliance with the Eastern Chalukyas, which helped him extend his empire's influence. This strategy helped secure his borders and expand his power peacefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying a statement about a ruler, provide specific achievements in terms of territorial expansion, architectural contributions, and diplomatic strategies.

Question 2. Discuss the external trade under Pandyas.
Answer:

• Kayal was a very important port in the Pandya Country, playing a central role in their trade.
• Gold coins were widely used as money, and they were known by names like Kasu, Kalanchu, and Pon. This shows a sophisticated monetary system.
• Foreign travelers like Marco Polo and Wassaff spoke highly of the horse trade in the Pandyan kingdom, indicating its significance. Horses were a valuable import for military use.
• The traders who dealt in horses were called Kudirai Chetties. Pearl fishing was another major and important trade in the Pandya country, bringing in much wealth.
• Arab traders also set up their centers in the Pandya country and had strong trade ties with the east coast.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing trade, include key ports, commodities (exports/imports), currency, and the role of foreign traders or specific trading communities.