Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 2 The Mughal Empire

7th Social Science Guide The Mughal Empire Text Book Back Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. Who introduced the Persian style of architecture in India?
(a) Humayun
(b) Babur
(c) Jahangir
(d) Akbar
Answer: (b) Babur
In simple words: Babur brought the Persian way of building to India. This new style blended well with local designs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about who introduced something, remember the key figure associated with that specific change or import.

Question 2. In which battle did Akbar defeat Rana Pratap?
(a) Panipat
(b) Chausa
(c) Haldighati
(d) Kanauj
Answer: (c) Haldighati
In simple words: Akbar defeated Rana Pratap in a famous battle called Haldighati. This battle was an important event in Mughal history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Battles are often linked to specific rulers and their opponents. Memorize key battles and their participants.

Question 3. Whose palace in Delhi was destroyed by Sher Shah?
(a) Babur
(b) Humayun
(c) Ibrahim Lodi
(d) Alam Khan
Answer: (b) Humayun
In simple words: Sher Shah destroyed Humayun's palace in Delhi. This showed Sher Shah's power and his efforts to establish his own rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to actions of rulers like destroying structures, as they often symbolize shifts in power or personal rivalries.

Question 4. Who introduced Mansabdari system?
(a) Sher Shah
(b) Akbar
(c) Jahangir
(d) Shah Jahan
Answer: (b) Akbar
In simple words: Akbar started the Mansabdari system. This was a unique way to manage both the army and civil workers in his empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Administrative reforms are crucial topics. Know which ruler introduced which major system, like the Mansabdari system.

Question 5. Who was the revenue minister of Akbar?
(a) Birbal
(b) Raja Bhagwan Das
(c) Raja Todarmal
(d) Raja Man Singh
Answer: (c) Raja Todarmal
In simple words: Raja Todarmal was Akbar's minister who handled all the money and taxes. He was very skilled in managing the empire's finances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important ministers or officials are often linked to specific departments or reforms. Remember their roles under different rulers.

II. Fill In The Blanks:

1. Chetak was the name of the horse of Rana Pratap.
Answer: Chetak
In simple words: Rana Pratap's brave horse was called Chetak. This horse is famous in history for its loyalty.

🎯 Exam Tip: For fill in the blanks, recall specific names or terms that complete historical facts accurately.

2. Ibadat Khana was a hall at Fatehpur Sikri where scholars of all religions met for a discourse.
Answer: Ibadat Khana
In simple words: At Fatehpur Sikri, there was a special room called Ibadat Khana. Here, wise people from different religions would gather and talk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on unique places or institutions related to key figures, especially those promoting interfaith dialogue like Akbar's Ibadat Khana.

3. The Sufi saint who received Akbar's utmost respect was Salim Chishti.
Answer: Salim Chishti
In simple words: Akbar deeply respected the Sufi saint Salim Chishti. Their strong connection highlights the spiritual side of the emperor.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important religious figures and their connections with rulers, as these often influenced policy and culture.

4. During the reign of Shahjahan, the Zabti system was extended to the Deccan provinces.
Answer: Shahjahan
In simple words: Shahjahan's rule saw the Zabti land system spread to the Deccan areas. This expanded the empire's revenue collection method.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note how administrative systems evolved or expanded under different rulers, showing their impact on governance.

5. Suyurghal were tax-free lands given to scholars and religious institutions.
Answer: Suyurghal
In simple words: Suyurghal were special lands given without taxes. These lands were for learned people and religious groups to support their work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the different types of land grants and their purposes, as they reveal aspects of economic and social policy.

III. Match The Following:

🎯 Exam Tip: Matching questions test your knowledge of specific associations between people, places, or concepts. Create flashcards for such pairs.

IV. Write True Or False:

1. Babur inherited Farghana, a small kingdom in Central Asia.
Answer: True
In simple words: Babur did receive the small kingdom of Farghana from his family. This was his first domain before he came to India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the origins of rulers helps understand their early struggles and motivations for expansion.

2. Humayun succeeded in recapturing Delhi in 1565.
Answer: False
In simple words: Humayun recaptured Delhi in 1555, not 1565. He regained his throne ten years earlier.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates for significant events are often tested. Double-check years related to major conquests or recaptures.

3. Aurangzeb married a girl of a notable Rajput family.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is incorrect as Aurangzeb did not marry a girl from a Rajput family. His predecessor, Akbar, was known for such alliances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with historical details, especially family relations or alliances, as they can differ between rulers in the same dynasty.

4. Jahangir ordered the execution of Sikh leader Guru Arjan for helping his son Khusrau.
Answer: True
In simple words: Jahangir did order the death of Guru Arjan because he helped his rebellious son, Khusrau. This event marked a difficult time for the Sikhs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note major conflicts between rulers and religious leaders, as these often have lasting impacts on history.

5. During Aurangzeb's reign, architecture received much patronage.
Answer: False
In simple words: Architecture did not get much support during Aurangzeb's time. Earlier rulers like Shah Jahan were more focused on building grand structures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the cultural and architectural emphasis of different rulers to avoid common misconceptions.

V. Consider The Following Statements. Tick (√) The Appropriate Answer:

Question 1. Assertion (A): The British established their first factory at Surat. Reason (R): Jahangir granted trading rights to the English.
(a) R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct.
(d) (A) and (R) are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: The British set up their first trading post in Surat because Jahangir gave them permission to trade. One event directly caused the other.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, always check if the Reason logically explains the Assertion, not just if both statements are true individually.

Question 2. Assertion (A): Aurangzeb's intolerance towards other religions made him unpopular among people. Reason (R): Aurangzeb re-imposed the jizya and pilgrim tax on the Hindus.
(a) R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is wrong and R is correct.
(d) (A) and (R) are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Aurangzeb was disliked by many because he was not tolerant of other religions. This was shown when he brought back the jizya and pilgrim tax for Hindus, which made people unhappy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect a ruler's policies (like re-imposing taxes) to their impact on the public and their overall popularity or unpopularity.

Question 3. Find out the correct statements
I) Kamran was the son of Afghan noble, Hasan Suri, ruler of Sasaram in Bihar.
II) Akbar abolished the jizya poll tax on non-Muslims and the tax on Hindu pilgrims.
III) Aurangzeb acceded the throne after killing his three brothers.
IV) Prince Akbar entered into a pact with Shivaji's son Shambhuji in the Deccan,
(a) I), II) and III) are correct
(b) II), III) and IV) are correct
(c) I), III) and IV) are correct
(d) III), IV) and I) are correct
Answer: (b) II), III) and IV) are correct
In simple words: Statements II, III, and IV are correct. Akbar removed certain taxes, Aurangzeb fought his brothers to become emperor, and Prince Akbar made a deal with Shambhuji. Statement I is incorrect.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multi-statement questions, evaluate each statement individually for accuracy before selecting the best combination.

Question 4. Arrange the battles in chronological order.
i) Battle of Khanwa
ii) Battle of Chausa
iii) Battle of Kanauj
iv) Battle of Chanderi
Answer:
i) Battle of Khanwa (1527)
iv) Battle of Chanderi (1528)
ii) Battle of Chausa (1539)
iii) Battle of Kanauj (1540)
The correct chronological order is i), iv), ii), iii).
In simple words: Put the battles in the order they happened from earliest to latest. Khanwa came first, then Chanderi, followed by Chausa, and finally Kanauj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the exact year of important battles helps in arranging them chronologically, which is a common question type.

Question 5. Arrange the following administrative divisions in descending order
I) Sarkars
II) Parganas
III) Subhas
Answer: The correct descending order (largest to smallest) is:
III) Subhas
II) Sarkars
I) Parganas
Thus, the answer is II), III), I) if the initial Roman numerals were meant to indicate order, but it should be III), I), II) for descending.
The correct order from largest to smallest division is Subhas, then Sarkars, and finally Parganas.
In simple words: The Mughal Empire was divided into big parts called Subhas. These Subhas were further split into smaller areas called Sarkars. The smallest parts were known as Parganas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the hierarchy of administrative units within an empire, from the largest province down to the smallest district.

VI. Match The Father And Son.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the lineage of important historical figures helps in understanding their relationships and the succession of power.

VII. Answer The Following:

Question 1. Write the circumstance that led to the Battle of Panipat in 1526.
Answer: Babur initially had no plans to go beyond Punjab until 1524. However, a significant opportunity arose. Dilawar Khan, the son of Daulat Khan Lodi, and Alam Khan, the uncle of the Delhi Sultan, both visited Kabul. They sought Babur's help to remove Ibrahim Lodi from power. This invitation and Babur's subsequent victory over Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat in 1526 marked a pivotal moment, leading to the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India.
In simple words: Babur was invited to India by nobles who wanted to remove Ibrahim Lodi from power. This led to a big battle at Panipat, where Babur won and started the Mughal rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing circumstances, include the key people involved and their motives, explaining how these factors collectively led to the event.

Question 2. Mention did Humayun recapture the Delhi throne in 1555?
Answer: Humayun managed to recapture the Delhi throne in 1555. He achieved this with crucial help from the Persian ruler, Shah Tahmasp of the Safavid dynasty. This regained his position after a period of exile.
In simple words: Humayun got his throne back in Delhi in 1555. A Persian ruler named Shah Tahmasp helped him do it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important alliances or external support that played a role in a ruler's return to power or major conquests.

Question 3. Write a note on the Mansabdari system.
Answer: The Mansabdari system was introduced by Emperor Akbar. It was a unique administrative system where nobles, civil officials, and military officers were all combined into one single service. Each individual held a specific rank called a 'Mansab', which was determined by two numbers: Zat and Sawar. Zat indicated the officer's personal status and salary, while Sawar denoted the number of cavalrymen he was required to maintain. This system helped centralize administration and ensure loyalty. A Mansabdar's rank reflected both his civil responsibility and military command.
In simple words: Akbar started the Mansabdari system. It was a way to organize government workers and soldiers under one system. Each person had a rank that showed how many soldiers they had and how important they were.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the key features and purpose of major administrative systems, like how Mansabdari helped manage the army and administration.

VIII. Answer The Following:

Question 1. Describe the land revenue administration of the Mughals.
Answer: Land revenue was the main source of income for the Mughal Empire. This system was greatly improved during Emperor Akbar's rule. Raja Todar Mal, Akbar's revenue minister, refined the land revenue system that Sher Shah had previously introduced. This system was called the Zabt system. Under the Zabt system, land was surveyed and classified based on its type and fertility. The state would collect one-third of the average produce as tax over a ten-year period. During Shah Jahan's reign, this Zabt system was extended to the Deccan provinces. The Mughals also used the old iqta system but renamed it 'Jagir'. Here, military or civil officials, known as Jagirdars, were granted the right to collect revenue from specific areas and govern them. These Jagirdars were assisted by local officials like Potdar, Qanungo, Patwari, and Muqaddams. Additionally, Zamindars collected taxes and maintained law and order with the help of Mughal officials and soldiers, playing a crucial role in the land revenue system.
In simple words: The Mughals got most of their money from land taxes. Akbar's minister, Raja Todar Mal, made the system better. Land was measured, and a part of the crop was taken as tax. There were also Jagirdars and Zamindars who helped collect these taxes and keep order.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining complex systems, break them down into main points, key people involved, specific terms, and how they worked.

Question 2. Estimate Akbar as a patron of learning.
Answer: Emperor Akbar was a great supporter of learning and knowledge. He had a very large personal library that contained over 4,000 manuscripts. He encouraged and supported scholars from all religious beliefs and different schools of thought. Akbar also showed generosity towards many authors, including famous ones like Abul Fazl, Abul Faizi, Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, and Birbal. His court was a hub for intellectual discussions and artistic expression, fostering a rich cultural environment.
In simple words: Akbar loved learning and supported many smart people. He had a huge library and helped writers and thinkers of all kinds. He made sure learning was important in his kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: To describe a ruler's patronage, list specific examples of their support for arts, literature, science, or scholars.

IX. HOTS:

Question 1. Shah Jahan's time witnessed the climax of Mughal splendour. Support this statement in comparison with the times of other Mughal rulers.
Answer: Shah Jahan's reign is indeed considered the peak of Mughal grandeur and artistic achievement. While earlier rulers like Babur, Akbar, and Jahangir also loved architecture, Shah Jahan's contributions were exceptional. He oversaw the construction of iconic structures such as the famous Peacock Throne, the Taj Mahal (a masterpiece of world architecture), the Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque), the great Jama Masjid, Diwan-i-Khas, and Diwan-i-Am. These magnificent buildings show his deep passion for art and grand scale. In contrast, while earlier rulers laid foundations, Shah Jahan brought Mughal architecture to its zenith. After his reign, especially during Aurangzeb's time, architecture did not receive as much royal support or flourish to the same extent. Thus, Shah Jahan's period stands out as the ultimate climax of Mughal splendor in terms of art and construction.
In simple words: Shah Jahan's time was the best for Mughal art and buildings. He built amazing places like the Taj Mahal. Other kings also built things, but Shah Jahan's work was the grandest. After him, there wasn't as much focus on building.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing periods, mention specific examples (buildings, policies) from each reign to highlight the differences and support your argument.

7th Social Science Guide The Mughal Empire Additional Important Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. The founder of Mughal Empires
(a) Babur
(b) Humayun
(c) Shershah
(d) Akbar
Answer: (a) Babur
In simple words: Babur started the Mughal Empire in India. He won key battles to establish his rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the founder of a major empire, as it is a fundamental historical fact.

Question 2. Babur led his first expedition towards India in
(a) 1500
(b) 1505
(c) 1525
(d) 1526
Answer: (b) 1505
In simple words: Babur first came towards India with his army in the year 1505. This was his initial step before fully conquering parts of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the distinction between first expedition and decisive battles like Panipat.

Question 3. Who was defeated Babur in the First Battle of Panipat?
(a) Rana Sanga
(b) Prithiviraj
(c) Ibrahim Lodi
(d) Daulatkhan Lodi
Answer: (c) Ibrahim Lodi
In simple words: Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat. This victory was very important for Babur to start his rule in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For major battles, know both the victorious and defeated parties, as well as the significant outcome.

Question 4. The Second Battle of Panipat was held in the year.
(a) 1516
(b) 1526
(c) 1556
(d) 1761
Answer: (c) 1556
In simple words: The Second Battle of Panipat happened in 1556. This battle was crucial for Akbar's power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the First and Second Battles of Panipat and their respective years and participants.

Question 5. South Indian women Ruler Chand Bibi of Ahmed Nagar Glad to confront against Akbar.
(a) Chand Bibi
(b) Durgavati
(c) Nurjahan
(d) LakshmiBai
Answer: (a) Chand Bibi
In simple words: Chand Bibi, a powerful ruler from Ahmednagar in South India, bravely faced Emperor Akbar. She showed great courage in defending her kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize important regional rulers who resisted the expansion of large empires like the Mughals.

Question 6. The great composer and Musician in Akbar's Court was Tansen.
(a) Daswant
(b) Tansen
(c) Abdul Fazal
(d) Birbal
Answer: (b) Tansen
In simple words: Tansen was a very famous musician and composer in Akbar's court. He was known for his amazing singing and musical skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn about key figures in the arts and culture during different historical periods, especially those associated with royal courts.

Question 7. Jahangir executed the Sikh leader
(a) Ramadas
(b) TejBahdaur
(c) Govind Singh
(d) Arjun
Answer: (d) Arjan
In simple words: Jahangir ordered the death of Sikh leader Guru Arjan. This event caused tension between the Mughal Empire and the Sikhs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key events involving religious figures and rulers are important. Remember which Guru was executed by which Mughal Emperor.

Question 8. Purana Qila was built by
(a) Akbar
(b) Sher Shah Sur
(e) Shan Jahan
(d) Shivaji
Answer: (b) Sher Shah Sur
In simple words: Sher Shah Sur built the old fort known as Purana Qila. This fort is an example of his architectural vision.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate important historical buildings with the rulers who commissioned their construction.

Question 9. The Prime minister of the Mughal Government was called as
(a) Wakil
(b) Kotwals
(e) Sawar
(d) Peshuwa
Answer: (a) Wakil
In simple words: The chief minister in the Mughal government was called the Wakil. This person held a very powerful position in the administration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the specific names and roles of key administrative positions in different historical empires.

Question 10. Aurangzeb means
(a) King of the world
(b) light of the world
(e) The Conqueror of the world
(d) Tiger of the world
Answer: (c) The Conqueror of the world
In simple words: The name Aurangzeb means "Conqueror of the World." This name reflected his ambition and military success.

🎯 Exam Tip: Sometimes, the meaning of a ruler's name can offer insight into their personality or destiny, especially for emperors.

II. Fill In The Blanks:

1. Mughal rule started in India from 1526 A.D.
Answer: 1526 A.D
In simple words: The Mughal Empire began in India in the year 1526. This was a major turning point in Indian history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mark key foundational dates of empires as these are crucial for understanding timelines.

2. Dilawar Khan and Alam Khan invited Babur to invade India.
Answer: Dilawar Khan, Alam Khan
In simple words: Dilawar Khan and Alam Khan asked Babur to come and fight in India. Their invitation was a big reason Babur came.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the individuals who played a significant role in inviting foreign powers or shaping major historical events.

3. The autobiography of Babur is Tuzuk-i-Baburi.
Answer: Tuzuk-i-Baburi
In simple words: Babur's own story of his life is called Tuzuk-i-Baburi. It gives us a firsthand look at his adventures and thoughts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Autobiographies or memoirs of rulers are important historical sources; know their titles and authors.

4. Babur defeated Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527.
Answer: Khanwa
In simple words: Babur won against Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. This victory helped Babur establish his power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect major battles with the key adversaries and the year they occurred for better historical context.

5. Sher Shah Sur defeated Humayun in the Battle of Chausa in 1539 and Kanauj in 1540.
Answer: Chausa, Kannauj
In simple words: Sher Shah Sur defeated Humayun in two important battles: Chausa in 1539 and Kanauj in 1540. These losses forced Humayun to flee.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember consecutive defeats and their locations, as they often led to significant shifts in power, such as Humayun's exile.

6. Persian ruler Shah Tahmasp helped Humayun to defeat Sher Shah.
Answer: Shah Tahmasp
In simple words: Shah Tahmasp, the ruler of Persia, helped Humayun defeat Sher Shah. This foreign support was crucial for Humayun's return to power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note instances of international alliances or foreign aid in historical conflicts, as they can significantly influence outcomes.

7. Sher Shah started the rule of the Sur dynasty at Agra.
Answer: Sur
In simple words: Sher Shah began the rule of the Sur dynasty from Agra. This marked a brief interruption of Mughal rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand when and where new dynasties were founded, and their relationship with existing powers.

8. Akbar abolished the Poll tax named Jizya.
Answer: Jizya
In simple words: Akbar stopped collecting the Jizya, which was a tax on non-Muslims. This decision was part of his tolerant policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Major policy changes like the abolition of taxes are important, especially when they reflect a ruler's approach to different communities.

9. Sikh shrine Harmandir Sahib was built at Amritsar.
Answer: Amritsar
In simple words: The holy Sikh temple, Harmandir Sahib, was built in Amritsar. This city became a very important center for Sikhs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate important religious sites to their specific locations, as this is a common geography and history question.

10. Ibadat Khana, a hall of worship was built by Akbar.
Answer: Akbar
In simple words: Akbar built a special place for religious discussions called the Ibadat Khana. It showed his interest in learning about different faiths.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect unique architectural constructions with the specific ruler who initiated them, especially if they served a distinctive purpose.

11. The Sufi saint Salim Chishti was respected by Akbar.
Answer: Salim Chishti
In simple words: Akbar deeply respected the Sufi saint Salim Chishti. This shows the spiritual ties between the emperor and holy figures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the relationships between rulers and religious leaders can illuminate broader cultural and religious dynamics of the era.

12. The artist in Akbar's court was Daswant.
Answer: Daswant
In simple words: Daswant was a talented artist in Akbar's court. He was known for his paintings and artistic skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important artists or craftsmen associated with royal courts, as they represent the cultural achievements of an era.

13. A representative of King James I of England visited Jahangir's court was Thomas Roe.
Answer: Thomas Roe
In simple words: Thomas Roe was sent by King James I of England to visit Jahangir's court. He came to establish trade relations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note key European envoys or ambassadors who visited Mughal courts and their purpose, often related to trade or diplomacy.

14. Kotwals maintained law and order in the Mughal Empire.
Answer: Kotwals
In simple words: Kotwals were officials who made sure laws were followed and order was kept in Mughal cities. They acted like police chiefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the specific roles of local officials, such as Kotwals, in maintaining daily administration and public order.

15. Din Ilahi means Divine faith.
Answer: Divine faith
In simple words: Din Ilahi, Akbar's new religion, meant "Divine Faith." It was his attempt to combine good ideas from different religions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the meaning of important historical terms, especially when they represent a significant policy or belief system.

III. Match The Following:

🎯 Exam Tip: Matching rulers with their significant battles helps connect historical figures to major conflicts and their outcomes.

IV. Write True Or False:

1. Humayun fell down the stairs of his library in Delhi and died.
Answer: True
In simple words: Humayun truly died after falling from the stairs of his library in Delhi. This was a sudden and accidental end to his reign.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember unusual or accidental causes of death for historical figures, as they are often distinctive facts.

2. Babur led his First expedition to India in 1524 A.D
Answer: False
In simple words: Babur's first expedition to India was in 1505 A.D., not 1524. He made several incursions before the decisive battle of Panipat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accuracy in dates is crucial for True/False questions. Distinguish between early incursions and the final conquest.

3. Akbar treated all the religious groups fairly with the generosity of spirit.
Answer: True
In simple words: Akbar was known for treating people of all religions kindly and fairly. He believed in religious tolerance and respect.

🎯 Exam Tip: Characterize rulers by their key policies, such as religious tolerance, and cite examples if possible.

4. Humayun granted trading rights to the Portuguese and English.
Answer: False
In simple words: It was later Mughal emperors, particularly Jahangir, who granted significant trading rights to the English, not Humayun. Humayun's reign was largely focused on regaining and consolidating his empire rather than foreign trade agreements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate which European powers gained trading rights from which Mughal emperors to avoid confusion.

V. Consider The Following Statements. (√) Tick The Appropriate Answer.

Question 1. Assertion (A): Mughals had to lose control over the trade routes to Afghanistan, Persia, and central Asia. Reason (R): There was a prolonged fight between Mughals and Sikhs
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer: (a) R is not the correct explanation of A
In simple words: While Mughals lost control of trade routes and also fought with Sikhs, the fight with Sikhs was not the reason for losing those trade routes. The reasons for losing control of trade routes were different, such as the rise of Safavid Persia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always evaluate if the reason directly causes the assertion, even if both statements are factually correct individually.

Question 2. Assertion (A): Jahangir ordered the execution of Sikhs leader Guru Arjan Reason (R): For religious causes, Jahangir ordered the execution of guru Arjan
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct and R is wrong
(d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer: (a) R is not the correct explanation of A
In simple words: Jahangir did order the death of Guru Arjan. However, the main reason was political (Guru Arjan's support for Prince Khusrau), not purely religious.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the underlying causes of historical events; sometimes, political motives are misinterpreted as religious ones.

VI. Circle The Odd One Out:

Question 1. Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah, Jahangir
Answer: The odd one out is Sher Shah.
In simple words: Babur, Humayun, and Jahangir were all Mughal emperors. Sher Shah was from the Sur dynasty, which briefly interrupted Mughal rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: When finding the odd one out, look for a common category among most items and identify the one that doesn't fit.

VII. Answer The Following:

Question 1. Who is Sher Shah?
Answer: Sher Shah was the son of an Afghan noble named Hasan Suri, who ruled Sasaram in Bihar. He established the Sur dynasty and began his rule from Agra. Sher Shah was known for his brilliant administrative skills, military strategies, and reforms that significantly influenced later Mughal rulers, especially Akbar. He introduced a new silver coin called the Rupia and improved the Grand Trunk Road. Though his reign was short, his impact on governance was long-lasting.
In simple words: Sher Shah was an Afghan ruler who took over from Humayun for a short time. He was known for being a very smart leader and for bringing in many good changes in how the country was run.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to describe a person, include their origin, key actions, achievements, and significant impact.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1. Mughal rule started in India from ......................................................
Answer: Mughal rule started in India in 1526 A.D. This marked the beginning of a powerful empire that lasted for centuries.
In simple words: Mughal rule began in India in 1526.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific year 1526 A.D. as a key milestone in Indian history for the start of the Mughal Empire.

Question 2. ..................................................... and .................................................... invited Babur to invade India.
Answer: Dilawar Khan and Alam Khan invited Babur to invade India. They sought his help to overthrow the then ruler, Ibrahim Lodi.
In simple words: Dilawar Khan and Alam Khan asked Babur to come and fight in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the names of those who invited Babur is crucial to understanding the political landscape before the First Battle of Panipat.

Question 3. The autobiography of Babur is ..........................................................
Answer: The autobiography of Babur is Tuzuk-i-Baburi. This book provides a detailed and personal account of his life and conquests.
In simple words: Babur's life story written by himself is called Tuzuk-i-Baburi.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Tuzuk-i-Baburi is also known as Baburnama and is an important primary source for studying the early Mughal period.

Question 4. Babur defeated Rana Sanga in the Battle of ................ in 1527.
Answer: Babur defeated Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527. This victory was very important for Babur to firmly establish his rule in India.
In simple words: Babur won against Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the First Battle of Panipat (1526) and the Battle of Khanwa (1527) as both were crucial for Babur's establishment in India.

Question 5. Sher Shah Sur defeated Humayun in the Battle of ............ in 1539 and ............ in 1540.
Answer: Sher Shah Sur defeated Humayun in the Battle of Chausa in 1539 and Kannauj in 1540. These defeats forced Humayun to leave India for a time.
In simple words: Sher Shah Sur beat Humayun in battles at Chausa (1539) and Kannauj (1540).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember both battles, Chausa and Kannauj, as they marked Humayun's temporary loss of the throne to Sher Shah Sur.

Question 6. Persian ruler .................................................... helped Humayun to defeat Sher Shah.
Answer: Persian ruler Shah Tahmasp helped Humayun to defeat Sher Shah. With his aid, Humayun was able to regain his lost kingdom in India.
In simple words: Shah Tahmasp, the ruler of Persia, helped Humayun win against Sher Shah.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying key allies and their roles is important for understanding major shifts in power during this period.

Question 7. Sher Shah started the rule .................................................... of the dynasty at Agra.
Answer: Sher Shah started the rule of the Sur dynasty at Agra. He established an efficient administration during his relatively short reign.
In simple words: Sher Shah began the Sur dynasty's rule from Agra.

🎯 Exam Tip: While often overshadowed by the Mughals, Sher Shah's Sur dynasty was significant for its administrative reforms.

Question 8. Akbar abolished the Poll tax named.. ....................................................
Answer: Akbar abolished the Poll tax named Jizya. This move was part of his policy of religious tolerance and earned him goodwill from non-Muslim subjects.
In simple words: Akbar stopped a tax called Jizya.

🎯 Exam Tip: The abolition of Jizya tax is a significant policy decision of Akbar, demonstrating his inclusive approach towards different religions.

Question 9. Sikh shrine Harmandir Sahib was built at ....................................................
Answer: Sikh shrine Harmandir Sahib was built at Amritsar. This sacred site is commonly known as the Golden Temple and is a central place of worship for Sikhs.
In simple words: The Golden Temple, called Harmandir Sahib, was built in Amritsar.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar is a very important pilgrimage site for Sikhs and a beautiful example of Sikh architecture.

Question 10. ...................................................., a hall of worship was built by Akbar.
Answer: Ibadat Khana, a hall of worship, was built by Akbar. Here, he would hold discussions with scholars of different religions to understand their beliefs.
In simple words: Akbar built the Ibadat Khana for religious discussions.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Ibadat Khana reflects Akbar's intellectual curiosity and his efforts towards religious harmony and understanding.

Question 11. The Sufi saint .................................................... was respected by Akbar.
Answer: The Sufi saint Salim Chishti was respected by Akbar. Akbar often visited him and sought his blessings, particularly for the birth of an heir.
In simple words: Akbar respected the Sufi saint named Salim Chishti.

🎯 Exam Tip: Salim Chishti was a prominent Sufi saint, and his close relationship with Akbar highlights the influence of Sufism during the Mughal era.

Question 12. The artist in Akbar's court was ....................................................
Answer: The artist in Akbar's court was Daswant. He was a highly talented painter who contributed significantly to Mughal miniature painting.
In simple words: Daswant was a famous artist in Akbar's court.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering key figures in art and culture, like Daswant, shows an understanding of the cultural aspects of the Mughal period.

Question 13. ...................................................., a representative of King James I or England visited Jahangir's court.
Answer: Thomas Roe, a representative of King James I of England, visited Jahangir's court. He came to seek trading rights for the British East India Company.
In simple words: Thomas Roe, from England, visited Jahangir to ask for trading permissions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Sir Thomas Roe's visit was a significant diplomatic event, marking early interactions between the British and the Mughal Empire for trade.

Question 14. .................................................... maintained law and order in the Mughal Empire.
Answer: Kotwals maintained law and order in the Mughal Empire. They were important officials responsible for maintaining peace and security in towns.
In simple words: Kotwals kept law and order in the Mughal Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the roles of various officials like Kotwals helps in comprehending the administrative structure of the Mughals.

Question 15. Din Ilahi means ....................................................
Answer: Din Ilahi means Divine faith. It was a syncretic religion proposed by Mughal emperor Akbar, combining elements of various religions.
In simple words: Din Ilahi means 'Divine faith' and was a new religion started by Akbar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Din-i-Ilahi was an attempt by Akbar to synthesize various faiths, reflecting his pursuit of religious unity.

III. Match the Following:

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, focus on key associations: Babur with battles, important queens with their regions, and Akbar with his religious policies and key generals.

IV. Write True or False:

Question 1. Humayun fell down the stairs of his library in Delhi and died.
Answer: True. Humayun's accidental death in 1556 from a fall down the stairs of his library marked an unfortunate end to his reign. This incident is a famous historical fact.
In simple words: Yes, Humayun died by falling down the stairs of his library.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember this specific detail about Humayun's death as it's often a factual check in history questions.

Question 2. Babur led his First expedition to India in 1524 A.D
Answer: False. Babur led his first expedition towards India in 1505 A.D., not 1524 A.D. His major invasion for permanent rule, however, was in 1526.
In simple words: No, Babur's first trip to India was in 1505, not 1524.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with dates; Babur had several expeditions before his final successful conquest. Differentiate initial raids from the full-scale invasion.

Question 3. Akbar treated all the religious groups fairly with the generosity of spirit.
Answer: True. Akbar was known for his policy of religious tolerance and tried to treat all religious groups fairly. He promoted harmony and understanding among different faiths.
In simple words: Yes, Akbar was fair to all religions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Akbar's policy of religious tolerance, including the abolition of Jizya and the Ibadat Khana, is a hallmark of his reign.

Question 4. Humayun granted trading rights to the Portuguese and English.
Answer: False. Humayun did not grant significant trading rights to the Portuguese and English. These rights were primarily established during the reigns of later Mughal emperors like Jahangir.
In simple words: No, Humayun did not give trading rights to the Portuguese and English.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that major trading concessions to European powers mostly occurred after Humayun's time, specifically during Jahangir's reign.

V. Consider the Following Statements. Tick (✓) the Appropriate Answer:

Question 1. Assertion (A) : Mughals had to lose control over the trade routes to Afghanistan, Persia, and central Asia.
Reason (R) : There was a prolonged fight between Mughals and Sikhs
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct and R is wrong.
(d) (A) and (R) are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is not the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: The reason (fight with Sikhs) does not explain why Mughals lost control of trade routes. The assertion might be true, but the reason given is not why it happened.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both A and R are individually correct, then determine if R logically explains A. They can both be true, but R might not be the *reason* for A.

Question 2. Assertion (A) : Jahangir ordered the execution of Sikhs leader Guru Aijun
Reason (R) : For religious causes, Jahangir ordered the execution of guru Aijun
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) R is the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct and R is wrong.
(d) (A) and (R) are wrong.
Answer: (a) R is not the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: While Jahangir executed Guru Arjan Dev, the reason was more political (Guru's support for Khusrau) rather than purely religious. So, the reason given is not the correct explanation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the nuances of historical events. While religious differences existed, political reasons often played a larger role in such significant actions by rulers.

VI. Circle the Odd One Out:

Question. Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah, Jahangir
(a) Babur
(b) Humayun
(c) Sher Shah
(d) Jahangir
Answer: (c) Sher Shah
In simple words: Sher Shah is the odd one out because Babur, Humayun, and Jahangir were all Mughal emperors, but Sher Shah belonged to the Sur dynasty.

🎯 Exam Tip: When finding the odd one out, look for common categories or dynasties. In this case, Sher Shah belonged to a different ruling family.

VII. Answer the Following:

Question 1. Who is Sher Shah?
Answer: Sher Shah was the son of an Afghan noble named Hasan Suri, who ruled Sasaram in Bihar. He established the Sur dynasty's rule, starting from Agra. He was known for his effective administration and military skills, even though his reign was short.
In simple words: Sher Shah was the son of a noble in Bihar and started the Sur dynasty, ruling from Agra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Sher Shah's administrative reforms, such as the construction of the Grand Trunk Road and his land revenue policies, were highly influential and adopted by later Mughal rulers.

Question 2. Write a note on the Second Battle of Panipat.
Answer: The Second Battle of Panipat took place in 1556 between Hemu, a general of the Sur dynasty, and Akbar's forces. In this crucial battle, Akbar's general Bairam Khan defeated and killed Hemu, securing the Mughal throne for Akbar. This victory was important for the Mughals to establish their control firmly.
In simple words: The Second Battle of Panipat (1556) was fought between Hemu and Akbar's general, Bairam Khan. Bairam Khan won, which helped Akbar secure his rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the year (1556) and the key figures (Hemu, Akbar, Bairam Khan) for the Second Battle of Panipat, as it was pivotal for Akbar's reign.

Question 3. Which women rulers fought against Akbar?
Answer: Two notable women rulers who fought against Akbar were Rani Durgavati of the Central Province and Rani Chand Bibi of Ahmednagar. Both were brave queens who resisted the Mughal expansion into their territories, showing fierce determination.
In simple words: Rani Durgavati and Rani Chand Bibi fought against Emperor Akbar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the names of these women rulers to show an understanding of regional resistance against the expanding Mughal Empire.

Question 4. What is Din Ilahi?
Answer: Din-i-Ilahi was a new faith introduced by Emperor Akbar. He tried to combine good principles from various religions, like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism, into one single system. His aim was to create religious harmony and unity among his subjects.
In simple words: Din-i-Ilahi was a faith started by Akbar, mixing ideas from many religions to create peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that Din-i-Ilahi was a policy of religious synthesis initiated by Akbar, not a separate, widespread religion.

Question 5. Give a short note on Redfort.
Answer: The Red Fort, also known as Lal Qila, is located in Delhi and served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors. It was constructed by Emperor Shah Jahan in 1639. This historic fort is known for its massive enclosing walls made of red sandstone, which gives it its name. The fort includes many beautiful structures and gardens within its complex.
In simple words: The Red Fort in Delhi, also called Lal Qila, was built by Shah Jahan in 1639. It was the home of Mughal emperors and has big walls made of red stone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key facts to remember for the Red Fort are its builder (Shah Jahan), location (Delhi), and its distinctive material (red sandstone).

VIII. Answer the Following:

Question 1. Estimate the Contribution of Mughal rulers towards art and architecture.
Answer: All the Mughal Emperors showed great interest in Art and Architecture, leading to a golden age of building and design in India. They blended Persian, Central Asian, and Indian styles, creating a unique Mughal architectural identity.

• Babur: He introduced the Persian style of architecture to India. He built many structures in places like Agra, Biana, Dholpur, Gwalior, and Kiul, laying the foundation for future Mughal constructions.
• Humayun: He built his royal palace, Din-i-Panah, in Delhi. His tomb, completed later, is considered a precursor to the Taj Mahal.
• Akbar: During his time, structures like the Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Am, Panch-Mahal, Rang Mahal, Salim Chishti's Tomb, and the Buland Darwaza were built. Fatehpur Sikri is a testament to his architectural vision.
• Jahangir: He focused on gardens and fine arts, but also contributed significantly to architecture. Akbar's tomb at Sikandara and the Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula at Agra (built by Nur Jahan for her father) are prominent examples from his reign.
• Shah Jahan: His period witnessed the climax of Mughal splendor in architecture. The famous Peacock Throne, the Taj Mahal, Moti Masjid, Pearl Mosque at Agra, the Red Fort, Jama Masjid of Delhi, Diwan-i-Khas, and Diwan-i-Am in Delhi were all built during his rule, showcasing immense grandeur.
• Aurangzeb: While he did not patronize architecture as much as his predecessors, the Bibi Ka Maqbara, a mausoleum built for his wife, was constructed during his period.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing Mughal contributions, name specific structures and link them to the emperor responsible for their construction to score full marks.