Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 New Religious Ideas and Movements

I. Choose The Correct Answer

 

Question 1. Who of the following composed songs on Krishna putting himself in the place of mother Yashoda?
(a) Poigaiazhwar
(b) Periyazhwar
(c) Nammazhwar
(d) Andal
Answer: (b) Periyazhwar
In simple words: Periyazhwar wrote songs about Lord Krishna, imagining himself as Krishna's mother, Yashoda. This showed his deep love and devotion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific roles and unique contributions of important saints like Periyazhwar when describing their devotion.

 

Question 2. Who preached the Advaita philosophy?
(a) Ramanujar
(b) Ramananda
(c) Nammazhwar
(d) Adi Shankara
Answer: (d) Adi Shankara
In simple words: Adi Shankara was the main teacher of the Advaita philosophy. This idea focuses on the oneness of the individual soul with the ultimate reality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify the key philosopher associated with each major school of thought, as these are fundamental connections.

 

Question 3. Who spread the Bhakthi
(a) Vallabhacharya
(b) Ramanujar
(c) Ramananda
(d) Surdas
Answer: (c) Ramananda
In simple words: Ramananda was a significant figure who helped spread the Bhakti movement, making religious devotion accessible to many people. He taught that loving God was a path to salvation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note how different saints helped spread Bhakti, and which regions they were most active in, as this shows the movement's broad reach.

 

Question 4. Who made Chishti order popular in India?
(a) Moinuddin Chishti
(b) Suhrawardi
(c) Amir Khusru
(d) Nizamuddin Auliya
Answer: (a) Moinuddin Chishti
In simple words: Moinuddin Chishti brought the Chishti order of Sufism to India and made it well-known. His teachings emphasized love, tolerance, and service to humanity.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing Sufism, remember to mention the key figures and orders that influenced its spread in different regions.

 

Question 5. Who is considered their first guru by the Sikhs?
(a) Lehna
(b) Guru Amir Singh
(c) Guru Nanak
(d) Guru Gobind Singh
Answer: (c) Guru Nanak
In simple words: Guru Nanak is seen as the very first guru and founder of the Sikh faith. He taught about one God and the importance of equality and selfless service.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate Guru Nanak Dev Ji with the foundation of Sikhism, as he laid the spiritual groundwork for the religion.

 

II. Fill In The Blanks:

 

Question 1. Periyazhwar was earlier known as Vishnu Chittar.
Answer: Vishnu Chittar
In simple words: Before he became known as Periyazhwar, this respected saint was called Vishnu Chittar. This name change reflects his spiritual growth and importance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing alternative names or previous identities of historical figures can add depth to your answers.

 

Question 2. Guru Granth Sahib is the holy book of the Sikhs.
Answer: Guru Granth Sahib
In simple words: The sacred scripture for Sikhs is the Guru Granth Sahib, which contains the teachings of their gurus. It is considered a living guru itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the sacred texts for different religions, as they form the core of religious belief and practice.

 

Question 3. Meerabai was the disciple of Ravidas.
Answer: Ravidas
In simple words: The devotional poetess Meerabai was a student of Saint Ravidas. She learned many spiritual lessons from him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important teacher-disciple relationships in religious history, as they show the lineage of spiritual knowledge.

 

Question 4. Ramanuja philosophy is known as vishistadvaita.
Answer: Ramanuja
In simple words: The philosophy called Vishishtadvaita, which means "qualified non-dualism," was taught by Ramanuja. It suggests that individuals are distinct but also part of God.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately connect each major philosopher with the specific school of thought they founded or championed.

 

Question 5. Gurudwara Darbar Sahib is situated at Kartarpur in Pakistan.
Answer: Kartarpur
In simple words: The significant Sikh shrine, Gurudwara Darbar Sahib, is located in Kartarpur, which is now in Pakistan. It is a very holy place for Sikhs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the locations of important religious sites and why they are historically significant to their respective faiths.

 

III. Match The Following:

 

Question 1. Match the following.

Answer:
1. Pahul - Guru Gobind Singh (Pahul is the Sikh initiation ceremony, established by Guru Gobind Singh.)
2. Ramcharitmanas - Tulsidas (The epic poem Ramcharitmanas, retelling the story of Rama, was composed by Tulsidas.)
3. Srivaishnavism - Sikhs (This appears to be a mismatch in the source. Srivaishnavism is a Hindu tradition associated with Ramanuja. Sikhs are a separate religious group. I will correct this to the likely intended match based on common knowledge if available, or state the error if it is significant. Re-checking source on page 5, the answer for Srivaishnavism is given as (b) Sikhs. This is an apparent error in the source material itself, as Srivaishnavism is a Vaishnavite tradition, not related to Sikhs. Given the strict instruction to follow the source answer and not correct it myself, I will write the answer as given by the source. However, for "In simple words," I will avoid explicitly stating Srivaishnavism is related to Sikhs, and instead give a generic explanation for a matched pair.)
4. Granthavali - Kabir (Granthavali refers to a collection of verses, often associated with Kabir's teachings.)
5. Suhrawardi - Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib (Suhrawardi is a Sufi order, founded by Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib.)
In simple words: This match helps us connect important religious terms, texts, and spiritual practices with their founders or key figures. For example, Guru Gobind Singh is linked with the Pahul ceremony, and Tulsidas with the Ramcharitmanas poem.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, be careful to link each item in column A with its correct counterpart in column B, focusing on the historical and religious connections.

 

IV. Find Out The Right Pair/Pairs:

 

Question 1. Find out the right pair/pairs.
1. Andal – Srivilliputhur
2. Tukaram – Bengal
3. Chaitanyadeva - Maharashtra
4. Brahma-sutra – Vallabacharya
5. Gurudwaras – Sikhs
Answer:
1. Andal - Srivilliputhur
5. Gurudwaras – Sikhs
In simple words: The correct pairs link Andal to her birthplace Srivilliputhur, and Gurudwaras as the places of worship for Sikhs. Other pairs contain incorrect associations.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "right pair" questions, carefully check each pair's association. Often, one element is correct but the other is mismatched, making the entire pair wrong.

 

Question 2. Assertion (A): After Guru Gohind Singh, the holy book Guru Granth Sahib came to be considered the guru. Reason (R) : Guru Gobind Singh was the compiler of Guru Granth Sahib,
(a) R is not the correct explanation of A
(b) R is the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is wrong
(d) Both A and R are wrong
Answer: (c) A is correct but R is wrong
In simple words: Assertion (A) is true because Guru Gobind Singh declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru. However, Reason (R) is false because Guru Arjan Dev, not Guru Gobind Singh, compiled the Adi Granth, which later became the Guru Granth Sahib.

🎯 Exam Tip: In assertion-reason questions, first check if each statement (Assertion and Reason) is individually true or false, then determine if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

 

Question 3. Find the odd person out.
Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar, Periazhwar, Andal, Nammazhwar.
Answer: Andal
In simple words: Among the list of Azhwars, Andal stands out because she is the only female Azhwar. The others are male saints.

🎯 Exam Tip: To find the "odd one out," look for a unique characteristic or category that separates one item from the rest of the group.

 

V. State True Or False:

 

Question 1. Sufism was responsible for the spread of Islamic culture.
Answer: False
In simple words: Sufism is a mystical form of Islam, but it was not the sole or primary factor for spreading Islamic culture. Other historical and social aspects played a bigger role.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating historical statements, consider all contributing factors, not just a single one, to determine accuracy.

 

Question 2. The best known Sufi sage of the early medieval period was Nizamuddin Auliya of the Chishti order.
Answer: True
In simple words: Nizamuddin Auliya was indeed a very famous and respected Sufi saint from the Chishti order during the early medieval times. He had a large following and influenced many.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying prominent figures with their associated religious orders or movements is crucial for historical accuracy.

 

Question 3. Guru Nanak is considered the first guru of Sikhs.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that Guru Nanak is recognized as the first spiritual leader and founder of Sikhism. His teachings form the bedrock of the religion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Core facts about religious founders, like Guru Nanak being the first Sikh guru, should be clearly understood and stated.

 

Question 4. Sufis believed that realization of God can be achieved only through passionate devotion to God and intense meditation.
Answer: True
In simple words: Sufis truly believed that deep love for God and focused spiritual practice, like meditation, were the main ways to feel closer to the Divine. They sought a personal connection with God.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the central tenets and practices of different religious groups, such as the Sufi emphasis on devotion and meditation.

 

Question 5. The basic Tamil Saivite sacred canon consists of 12 books.
Answer: True
In simple words: The important collection of holy texts for the Tamil Saivite tradition is indeed made up of 12 books. These texts guide their religious practices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the number and significance of sacred texts in different religious traditions demonstrates a good understanding of the topic.

 

VI. Give Short Answers:

 

Question 1. What do you know about Thirumurai?
Answer:
• Thirumurai is the foundational sacred collection of texts for the Tamil Saivite faith.
• This collection comprises 12 books, with 11 of these being compiled and arranged by Nambi. This effort helped organize the diverse poetic works of Saivite saints.
• The 12th book in the Thirumurai is known as Sekkizhar’s Periyapuranam, which details the lives of the 63 Nayanmars.
In simple words: Thirumurai is a key collection of 12 holy books for Tamil Saivites. Most of these were put together by Nambi, and the last book, Periyapuranam, tells stories of important saints.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing religious texts, always mention its main topic, how many parts it has, and who compiled it if known.

 

Question 2. How many Nayanmars were there and who were prominent among them?
Answer:
• There were 63 revered Nayanmars, who were Saivite saint-poets in South India.
• Among these, three prominent figures, often referred to as "the trio," were Gnanasampandar, Appar, and Sundarar. These saints are especially honored through their statues in South Indian temples.
In simple words: There were 63 Nayanmars, who were important Saivite saints. Three very famous ones were Gnanasampandar, Appar, and Sundarar, often called "the trio."

🎯 Exam Tip: Always specify the total number of saints in such groups and name a few of the most well-known ones for a complete answer.

 

Question 3. How did Gurunanak help to found Sikhism?
Answer:
• Guru Nanak established the practice of nominating a successor, ensuring the spiritual lineage of the gurus. He chose his disciple Lehna, later known as Guru Angad Dev, to follow him.
• This set an important example for future Sikh Gurus, who also named their successors to lead the community. This ensured continuity and stability for the emerging faith. These actions helped structure the nascent Sikh community, laying the groundwork for a distinct religious identity.
In simple words: Guru Nanak founded Sikhism by choosing his disciple Lehna to be the next guru. This started the tradition of gurus naming their successors, which helped the new religion grow and stay strong.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Guru Nanak's direct actions in establishing the spiritual leadership structure when asked about his role in founding Sikhism.

 

Question 4. What had Tukaram to do with the Vitthoba temple of Pantharpur?
Answer:
• Tukaram was a renowned 17th-century saint-poet from Maharashtra, deeply associated with the Varkari tradition.
• The Varkari tradition is devoted to Vitthoba, an incarnation of Lord Krishna. Tukaram’s devotion was primarily to this deity.
• A significant Vitthoba/Panduranga temple is located in Pantharpur, or Pandaripuram, in the Sholapur district of Maharashtra, which was central to Tukaram’s spiritual journey.
• Just as Chaitanya Deva represented a major devotional figure in Bengal, Tukaram held a similar esteemed position and influence in Maharashtra, especially in relation to Vitthoba worship. His hymns and devotion popularized the Vitthoba cult.
In simple words: Tukaram was a famous poet-saint from Maharashtra who worshipped Vitthoba, a form of Krishna. The main Vitthoba temple is in Pantharpur, which was very important to Tukaram. He was like Chaitanya Deva for Bengal, but for Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing a saint's connection to a place or deity, highlight their specific contributions or devotional focus.

 

Question 5. Highlight the spiritual ideas of Kabir that appealed to lower classes.
Answer:
1. As a Muslim, Kabir was significantly influenced by Saint Ramananda, who was based in Varanasi, blending ideas from both traditions.
2. He incorporated various Hindu concepts and actively worked to bring Hinduism and Islam closer, seeking common ground between them.
3. Kabir strongly opposed all forms of discrimination based on religion, social status (caste), or wealth, advocating for equality among all people. This message resonated deeply with marginalized communities.
4. He preached that God is one, regardless of the different names and forms people use to worship the Divine. This simple, inclusive message was empowering.
In simple words: Kabir combined ideas from Hinduism and Islam, trying to bring both groups together. He spoke against unfair treatment based on religion, caste, or money. He taught that there is only one God, which was appealing to common people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the appeal of a saint's ideas, focus on principles of equality, inclusiveness, and simplicity that often resonate with broader audiences.

 

VII. Answer The Following In Detail:

 

Question 1. Give an account of the contributions of exponents of the Bhakti Movement in the southern as well as northern parts of India.
Answer:
**Southern India:**
* **Vaishnavite Saints (12 Azhwars):** These devotional poets expressed their love for Vishnu through songs. Key examples include Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar, and Pei Azhwar, whose hymns are collected in the Divya Prabandham.
* **Saivite Saints (63 Nayanmars):** These were equally devoted to Shiva. There were 63 legendary Nayanmars, with prominent ones like Gnanasampandar, Appar, and Sundarar (the "trio") being worshipped through their images in South Indian temples. Their works form the Thirumurai.
* **Adi Shankara:** He preached the Advaita (non-dualism) philosophy, emphasizing the oneness of the individual soul with the Absolute. Shankara vigorously worked to revive the orthodox Vedic traditions, creating a strong intellectual foundation for Hinduism.
* **Ramanuja:** A highly influential Vaishnava saint, Ramanuja championed Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism). Vaishnavism, with its focus on devotion to Vishnu, spread widely across India in the 16th and 17th centuries, largely due to centers established by Ramanuja to propagate his doctrine of devotion to Vishnu and Lakshmi.

**Northern India:**
* **Meera Bai:** The princess-turned-devotee from Mewar was an ardent follower of Lord Krishna. Her bhajans (devotional songs) are still popular and express deep personal devotion. Her life became a symbol of unwavering faith.
* **Chaitanyadeva:** He popularized the worship of Krishna through ecstatic singing and dancing, especially in Bengal. His movement emphasized communal devotion and the chanting of God's name.
* **Tulsidas:** He is celebrated for his retelling of the story of Rama in Hindi, particularly in his epic 'Ramcharitmanas'. This made the Ramayana accessible to common people, fostering devotion across North India.
In simple words: In the South, saints like the Azhwars and Nayanmars sang about Vishnu and Shiva. Adi Shankara taught about oneness with God, and Ramanuja spread devotion to Vishnu. In the North, Meera Bai sang songs for Krishna, Chaitanyadeva made Krishna worship popular with music, and Tulsidas retold the story of Rama in simple Hindi. All these people made Bhakti a big movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing contributions, categorize them by region (South/North) and by specific individuals, mentioning their philosophy, deity, and key works to demonstrate comprehensive knowledge.

 

Question 2. What is Sufism? How did it find its footing in India?
Answer:
**Sufism:**
• The term 'Sufi' comes from the Arabic word 'suf', which means wool. This refers to the coarse wool garments worn by early Sufis as a sign of their simple, ascetic lifestyle.
• Sufis were spiritual Muslims who wore these plain wool clothes, symbolizing their detachment from worldly pleasures.

**Sufism in India:**
• Sufism arrived in India with the Arab conquest of Sind, marking its first significant presence in the subcontinent. This initial contact paved the way for future spread.
• It gained considerable influence during the 10th and 11th centuries, especially during the rule of the Delhi Sultans, as Sufi saints often had a close relationship with the rulers.
• Sufism adopted many local Indian spiritual practices and concepts, such as yogic postures, music, and dance, blending them with Islamic mysticism. This adaptability helped it gain wider acceptance.
• It attracted followers from both Muslim and Hindu communities, becoming a bridge between different religious groups through its message of universal love.
• Sufis in medieval India were organized into three main orders: Chisti, Suhrawardi, and Firdausi, each with its own spiritual lineage and practices.
• Moinuddin Chishti played a crucial role in making the Chishti order particularly well-known and popular across India.
• His resting place, the Ajmer Sharif Dargah in Ajmer, Rajasthan, became a significant pilgrimage site for people of all faiths, symbolizing Sufism's lasting impact.
In simple words: Sufism is a mystical path in Islam, where followers wore simple wool clothes. It came to India with the Arabs and became important during the time of the Delhi Sultans. Sufis mixed Indian ideas like yoga with their own beliefs, which helped both Muslims and Hindus follow them. Famous groups like the Chishti order, started by Moinuddin Chishti, made it very popular.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining Sufism, include its origin and core philosophy. When discussing its spread in India, mention specific historical periods, key figures, and how it adapted to local culture.

 

Question 3. What impact did the Bhakti movement make on Indian society?
Answer:
**Impact of the Religious / Bhakti Movement:**
• The Bhakti movement played a crucial role in strengthening Vedic Hinduism, helping it to revive and withstand various challenges, including the arrival of Islam.
• The saints of the Bhakti movement emphasized the core Islamic principles of the unity of God and universal brotherhood, promoting harmony and peace among different communities. This cross-cultural understanding was vital.
• Bhakti was a movement that appealed to ordinary people, using common language for its devotional literature. This made spiritual teachings accessible to everyone, not just scholars.
• The movement created opportunities for Indian languages to grow and flourish, as many devotional songs and texts were composed in regional languages.
• It significantly boosted literary activity in various regional languages, enriching the cultural fabric of India.
• Although Sanskrit saw a decline in general usage during this time, it was sustained by the support provided by the rulers of Hindu kingdoms, who continued to patronize Sanskrit learning.
• Tamil stood out as the only ancient Indian language that remained vibrant and influential throughout this period, indicating its deep cultural roots.
• The Bhakti movement also challenged existing social norms, leading to criticism of the rigid caste system and other social disparities.
In simple words: The Bhakti movement helped strengthen Hinduism and promoted peace by highlighting that all people are brothers under one God. It made religion easier to understand for common people by using local languages. This also helped regional languages grow and led to criticisms of the caste system.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing the impact of a movement, organize your points into categories such as religious, social, linguistic, and cultural to ensure a comprehensive answer.

 

VIII. HOTS:

 

Question 1. Examine the statement that the Bhakti movement saved Vedic Hinduism from the onslaught of Islam.
Answer:
1. The Bhakti movement fostered a deep, emotional connection between devotees and a personal God, and also emphasized God's love for the devotee. This personal and accessible form of worship helped retain followers amidst new religious challenges.
2. Saints like the Nayanmars and Azhwars composed heartfelt devotional hymns in the Tamil language. These songs resonated deeply with the local population, strengthening regional Hindu traditions and identities.
3. These poet-saints courageously criticized social inequalities like caste-based status and advocated for gender equality. By reforming and making Hinduism more inclusive, the movement countered arguments that it was rigid and exclusive.
4. During the religious movements of the 14th and 15th centuries in North India, one must consider the contrasting attitudes towards Islam. While some conversions occurred, the Bhakti movement's emphasis on personal faith, social equality, and use of local languages offered an appealing alternative, indirectly helping to preserve Hindu traditions by revitalizing them from within. This internal renewal made Hinduism more resilient.
In simple words: The Bhakti movement helped Hinduism by making faith more personal and emotional, which kept people connected to their religion. Bhakti saints sang in local languages and spoke out against the caste system, making Hinduism more welcoming. This internal strength helped Hinduism to thrive even with the growth of Islam.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to 'examine' a statement, present arguments that both support and explain its validity, using specific examples and reasoning.

 

Additional Important Questions And Answers

 

I. Choose The Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. The Bhagavad Gita proposed that the path of bhakti marga is superior to the two other religions.
(a) Ramayanam
(b) Thirukkural
(c) Bhagavad Gita
(d) Nanneri
Answer: (c) Bhagavad Gita
In simple words: The Bhagavad Gita teaches that the path of devotion (Bhakti marga) is the best way to connect with God, even more so than the paths of knowledge or action. It focuses on loving surrender.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core teachings of major religious texts, especially how they emphasize different paths to spiritual realization.

 

Question 2. The Bhakti movement started in Tamil Nadu around ............................ century A.D.
(a) Krishna
(b) Vishnu
(c) Sivan
(d) Bhrama
Answer: (a) Krishna
In simple words: The Bhakti movement began in Tamil Nadu, focusing on devotion to deities like Krishna. This early start in the South later influenced other parts of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the origins of major historical movements, including their geographical starting points.

 

Question 3. Krishna songs were composed in Tamil and other South Indian languages such as Kannada and telugu
(a) Krishna
(b) Vishnu
(c) Sivan
(d) Bhrama
Answer: (a) Krishna
In simple words: Devotional songs for Lord Krishna were written in many South Indian languages like Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu. This helped spread devotion to Krishna across the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note how popular deities were worshipped across different regions and languages, showing the widespread nature of devotion.

 

Question 4. Andal was one and only female Azhwar.
(a) Koshalai
(b) Nachiyar
(c) Thirumozhi
(d) Andal
Answer: (d) Andal
In simple words: Andal is uniquely known as the only female saint among the Azhwars, a group of Vaishnavite poet-saints. Her devotion to Vishnu was legendary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognizing the distinctive characteristics of historical figures, like gender in a group of saints, can help you answer specific questions.

 

Question 5. There are 63 legendary Nayanmars.
(a) 63
(b) 73
(c) 60
(d) 62
Answer: (a) 63
In simple words: There were exactly 63 well-known Nayanmars, who were a group of revered Saivite saints. They are central figures in Tamil religious history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Precise numbers related to historical groups, like the number of Nayanmars or Azhwars, are often tested, so commit them to memory.

 

Question 6. Among the 12 books of Tirumurai, the 12th book is Sekkizhar's Periyapuranam.
(a) 10th
(b) 12th
(c) 11th
(d) 9th
Answer: (b) 12th
In simple words: The Periyapuranam, written by Sekkizhar, is the twelfth and final book in the Thirumurai collection. It details the lives of the Saivite saints.

🎯 Exam Tip: When referring to specific volumes within a collection, always mention the correct numerical order.

 

Question 7. Adi Shankara masterpiece is the commentary on the Bhrama Sutra
(a) Bhrama thegam
(b) Brahma Vishnu
(c) Bhrama Sutra
(d) Athavaitham
Answer: (c) Bhrama Sutra
In simple words: Adi Shankara's most important work is his commentary on the Brahma Sutras. This commentary is key to understanding his Advaita philosophy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the major philosophical texts and their associated commentators, as this shows a deeper understanding of intellectual history.

 

Question 8. Kanchipuram was a popular centre for Sanskrit learning.
(a) Sri rangam
(b) Kanchipuram
(c) Thirupathi
(d) Ariyakudi
Answer: (b) Kanchipuram
In simple words: Kanchipuram was historically a very famous city known for its centers where people studied Sanskrit. It was a hub of ancient Indian knowledge.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify important historical centers of learning for different subjects, as these locations often reveal cultural and intellectual hubs.

 

Question 9. Meera Bai gained popularity through her bhajans.
(a) Chaitanya
(b) Meera Bai
(c) Pandaribai
(d) Surthas
Answer: (b) Meera Bai
In simple words: Meera Bai became widely known because of her beautiful and heartfelt devotional songs, called bhajans. These songs expressed her deep love for Lord Krishna.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link prominent figures to their primary artistic or spiritual expressions, such as Meera Bai with her bhajans.

 

Question 10. Meera Bai, wife of the crown prince of Mewar
(a) Thakkanam
(b) Kuvaliyar
(c) Mewar
(d) Kaligam
Answer: (c) Mewar
In simple words: Meera Bai was a royal from Mewar, married to the crown prince of that region. Her background as a princess is an important part of her story.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the regional or familial origins of historical figures provides important context to their lives and contributions.

 

II. Fill In The Blanks:

 

Question 1. Sufis were of the view that this type of meditation would enable the devotee to understand the true nature of God.
Answer: Sufis
In simple words: Sufis believed that through deep meditation, a person could truly grasp the essence and nature of God. This spiritual practice was central to their path.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific spiritual practices, like meditation, to the religious groups that emphasized them.

 

Question 2. Vishnu-bhakti is based on Vishnu's avatars, particularly Krishna and Rama.
Answer: Vishnu-bhakti
In simple words: Devotion to Vishnu, known as Vishnu-bhakti, is centered around worshipping his different forms, especially popular ones like Lord Krishna and Lord Rama.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that devotion to a deity often involves worshipping its various incarnations or avatars, as is common in Vaishnavism.

 

Question 10. Meera Bai, wife of the crown prince of
(a) Thakkanam
(b) Kuvaliyar
(c) Mewar
(d) Kaligam
Answer: (c) Mewar
In simple words: Meera Bai was a queen who was married to the prince of Mewar. She was very devoted to Lord Krishna.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to link important historical figures to their associated regions or kingdoms.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

 

Question 1. ................. were of the view that this type of meditation would enable the devotee to understand the true nature of God.
Answer: Sufis
In simple words: Sufis believed that deep thinking and meditation could help a person truly understand God. They focused on a direct connection with the divine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key beliefs and practices associated with different religious or philosophical groups.

 

Question 2. ................. is based on Vishnu's avatars, particularly Krishna and Rama.
Answer: Vishnu-bhakti
In simple words: The devotion to Lord Vishnu, called Vishnu-bhakti, is centered around his different forms, especially Krishna and Rama. These avatars are seen as ways God comes to earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core concepts of major religious movements, including their deities and central tenets.

 

Question 3. Nammazhwar's fame lies in his................stanza Thiruvaimozhi.
Answer: 1,102
In simple words: Nammazhwar is known for his large collection of 1,102 devotional songs called Thiruvaimozhi. These songs praise Vishnu and are important in Vaishnavism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect important literary works or compositions with the spiritual leaders or poets who created them.

 

Question 4. The Thiruppavai and the Nachiyar Thirumozhiiare are ................ celebrated works.
Answer: A war
In simple words: The Thiruppavai and Nachiyar Thirumozhi are famous poems, both written by Andal, an Azhwar saint. These works are highly cherished for their devotional beauty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize major devotional literature and their authors to score well in history and literature sections.

 

Question 5. ...................is said to have compiled the songs of all of the Nayanmars.
Answer: Nambi Andar Nambi
In simple words: Nambi Andar Nambi collected and organized all the songs of the Nayanmars, who were Shiva devotees. His work helped preserve these important religious texts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing key figures who compiled or preserved religious texts is crucial for understanding their transmission.

 

Question 6. .................is a fundamental text of the Vedanta school.
Answer: Brahma-sutra
In simple words: The Brahma-sutra is a very important text for the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. It explains the main ideas about Brahman and reality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify foundational texts for important philosophical or religious schools of thought.

 

Question 7. .................center of learning were Badrinath, Puri, Dwarka, and Sringeri.
Answer: Adi Shankara
In simple words: Adi Shankara set up four main learning centers in India at Badrinath, Puri, Dwarka, and Sringeri. These centers helped spread his Advaita philosophy across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important religious figures and the institutions or centers they established for their teachings.

 

Question 8. .................., Ramanajun was the most influential thinker.
Answer: Vaishnava saint
In simple words: Ramanuja, a Vaishnava saint, was a very important thinker who taught about devotion to Vishnu. His ideas greatly influenced the Vaishnava tradition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect prominent thinkers with their religious affiliations and the impact of their philosophies.

 

Question 9. Thenkalai Vaishnavism centred on ...................
Answer: Srirangam
In simple words: The Thenkalai branch of Vaishnavism mainly had its center in Srirangam, a very important temple town. This place became key to their spiritual practices.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the geographical centers or important places associated with different religious sects.

 

Question 10. In Tulsidas's Hindi retelling of the story of Rama in the...................
Answer: Ramcharitmanas
In simple words: Tulsidas wrote the story of Rama in Hindi in his famous work called Ramcharitmanas. This book is a much-loved version of the Ramayana in North India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the major authors and their significant contributions to religious literature in different languages.

 

Question 11. Chisti, Suhrawardi, and Firdausi were the three important order of ...................
Answer: Sufis
In simple words: The Chisti, Suhrawardi, and Firdausi were three major groups or orders within the Sufi tradition. These orders helped spread Sufism in different parts of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the various orders or branches within broader religious movements like Sufism.

 

Question 12. .................tried to reconcile Hinduism and Islam.
Answer: Kabir
In simple words: Kabir was a famous saint who tried to bring Hinduism and Islam closer together. He taught that God is one, no matter what name you call Him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight figures who promoted inter-religious harmony and their core messages.

 

Question 13. The .......... .and the ................were collections of Kabir's verses.
Answer: Granthavali, Bijak
In simple words: Kabir's teachings and poems are gathered in collections like the Granthavali and Bijak. These books contain his spiritual insights and verses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always associate an author's name with their key literary works or collections of writings.

 

Question 14. He visited many holy places and finally settled in ................near Lahore.
Answer: Kartarpur
In simple words: Guru Nanak traveled to many sacred places and eventually made his home in Kartarpur, near Lahore. This place became an important center for his followers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the significant locations associated with major religious leaders, as they often become pilgrimage sites.

 

Question 15. Guru Nanak preached that ....................
Answer: God is without form
In simple words: Guru Nanak taught that God is one and does not have any specific shape or form. He emphasized worshiping this formless God.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the fundamental beliefs preached by founders of new religions, such as the nature of God.

III. Match the Following:

Question. Match the following:
1. Azhwars
2. Nayanmars
3. Adishankara
4. Ramanujar
5. Sufis
Answer:

In simple words: This table correctly matches important religious groups and figures with their key characteristics or philosophies. For example, Azhwars are known for devotion to Vishnu, and Adi Shankara for Advaita philosophy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, focus on one-to-one connections between a term and its most defining characteristic or associated concept.

IV. Find Out The Right Pair/Pairs:

 

Question 1. Find out the right pair/pairs.
1. Nayanmars – Vaishnava – Bhakthi
2. Azhwars – Vaishnava – Bhakthi
3. Thulasithassar – Maharastra
Answer:
1. Nayanmars – Vaishnava – Bhakthi
In simple words: The correct pair is "Nayanmars – Vaishnava – Bhakthi". However, Nayanmars are actually Shaivite devotees, not Vaishnava. The question asks to find the *right* pair, but this particular option has an internal inconsistency. Assuming the intended answer in the source is (1), we select it based on the available option format.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read each part of a pair. Even if one part seems correct, the entire pair must be accurate for it to be the right answer.

 

Question. Assertion (A): Sufism: The word Sufi takes its origin from suf, meaning wool. Reason (R): The Sufis wore course garments made of wool and hence they were called Sufis.
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct but R is wrong
d) Both A and R are wrong
Answer: (b) R is the correct explanation of A
In simple words: The word 'Sufi' comes from 'suf', which means wool. This is because Sufis used to wear simple, coarse woolen clothes. So, the reason correctly explains the origin of the word.

🎯 Exam Tip: In assertion-reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then see if the reason directly explains the assertion.

 

Question 3. Find the odd person out.
Vallabhacharya, Surdas, Meera Bai, Chaitanya Deva, Adi Shankarar, Nammazhwar.
Answer: Adi Shankarar
In simple words: Among the given names, Adi Shankarar is the odd one out. All the others (Vallabhacharya, Surdas, Meera Bai, Chaitanya Deva, Nammazhwar) are connected with the Bhakti movement or Vaishnavism. Adi Shankarar is known for the Advaita Vedanta philosophy, which is different.

🎯 Exam Tip: To find the odd one out, group the given items based on a common characteristic and identify the item that doesn't fit.

V. State True Or False:

 

Question 1. Kabir had trusted that Hindu and Islam are a brotherhood.
Answer: True
In simple words: Kabir believed that Hindus and Muslims should live together as brothers. He taught that all humans are one family under a single God.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core messages of saints and reformers, especially those promoting unity and brotherhood.

 

Question 2. Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar, and Pei Azhwar are the three different Azhwars.
Answer: True
In simple words: Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar, and Pei Azhwar are indeed considered the first three among the twelve Azhwars. They are very important figures in early Vaishnavism.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's helpful to remember the names of prominent figures within religious traditions and their specific groups.

 

Question 3. There was no Statue Prayer in South India.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false because statue worship has been a very important part of religious practices in South India for a long time. Many ancient temples with idols are found there.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be cautious with statements containing "no" or "always" and cross-check them with general historical knowledge.

 

Question 4. North Indians give importance to Divya Prabhatham.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false because the Divya Prabandham is a collection of Tamil hymns highly important in South Indian Vaishnavism. North Indians generally focus on Hindi or Sanskrit devotional texts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between regional religious texts and their cultural significance in specific parts of India.

 

Question 5. Chaitanyadeva popularised Krishna worship.
Answer: True
In simple words: Chaitanyadeva was a central figure in popularizing the worship of Lord Krishna, especially through devotional songs and dances. He spread the Bhakti movement in Bengal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link important spiritual leaders to the specific deities or forms of worship they promoted.

VI. Give Short Answers:

 

Question 1. Write short notes on Andal.
Answer: Andal was a famous female Azhwar saint. She was known as the only female among the twelve Azhwars, who were devout followers of Vishnu. She grew up in the temple town of Srivilliputhur and wrote beautiful devotional songs, expressing her love for Lord Vishnu as if she were his mother Yashoda. Her works like Thiruppavai are highly cherished.
In simple words: Andal was the only woman saint among the Azhwars, who loved Vishnu very much. She wrote many songs about him and grew up in Srivilliputhur.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a person, include their key contributions, religious affiliation, and any unique aspects like gender or birthplace.

 

Question 2. Write a note on Thenkalai and Vadakaiai.
Answer: Thenkalai and Vadakalai are two main branches within the Srivaishnavism tradition, particularly in South India. The Thenkalai school's teachings were centered in Srirangam and focused more on the Divya Prabandhams, which are Tamil devotional hymns. On the other hand, the Vadakalai sect gave more importance to Vedic literature, traditionally written in Sanskrit. Both schools deeply influenced Vaishnava thought and practice.
In simple words: Thenkalai and Vadakalai are two groups in the Vaishnava religion. Thenkalai liked Tamil hymns more, while Vadakalai preferred Sanskrit writings.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing sub-sects, clearly state their main differences, such as the scriptures they emphasize or their geographical centers.

 

Question 3. Write short notes on Meera Bhai.
Answer: Meera Bai was a devout follower of Lord Krishna, known for her passionate bhajans (devotional songs). She was a Rajput princess, wife of the crown prince of Mewar, but she dedicated her life to Krishna. Meera Bai was a disciple of Sant Ravidas and gained immense popularity for her unwavering devotion. Her bhajans are still sung widely today, inspiring many with their pure expression of love for the divine.
In simple words: Meera Bai was a princess who loved Lord Krishna very much and sang many devotional songs for him. She was a disciple of Ravidas and became famous for her deep devotion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the personal background, religious devotion, and artistic contributions (like bhajans) of such spiritual figures.

VII. Answer The Following In Detail:

 

Question 1. Explain the teaching of Guru Nanak's
Answer: Guru Nanak preached that God is without any form and encouraged his followers to practice meditation on God's name to achieve peace and ultimate salvation. He strongly rejected traditional Vedic rituals and the caste system, which caused discrimination. Guru Nanak's teachings became the foundation of Sikhism, a new religious order established in the late 15th century. His and his successors' teachings are collected in the Guru Granth Sahib, which serves as the holy scripture for Sikhs. To spread his message, Guru Nanak encouraged the group singing of hymns, known as kirtan, and devotees would gather in rest houses called Dharamshalas, which later became gurudwaras.
In simple words: Guru Nanak taught that God has no form and can be reached through meditation. He did not like caste rules or old rituals. His ideas formed Sikhism, and his teachings are in the Guru Granth Sahib.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed answers, structure your points logically: core beliefs, social reforms, religious practices, and literary contributions, to give a complete picture.