Samacheer Kalvi Class 6 Social Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 From Chiefdoms to Empire

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. The Kingdom which was most powerful among the four Mahajanapadas
(a) Anga
(b) Magadha
(c) Kosala
(d) Vajji
Answer: (b) Magadha
In simple words: Magadha was the strongest among the four main kingdoms of ancient India. It grew powerful due to its rich resources and strong leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about the strongest or largest, identify key factors like resources, leadership, and strategic location that contributed to their power.

Question 2. Among the following who was the contemporary of Gautama Buddha?
(a) Ajatasatru
(b) Bindusara
(c) Padmanabha Nanda
(d) Brihadratha
Answer: (a) Ajatasatru
In simple words: King Ajatasatru lived at the same time as Gautama Buddha.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'contemporary' questions, remember that it means people living in the same era. Associate key historical figures with their contemporaries.

Question 3. Which of the following are the sources of Mauryan period?
(a) Artha Sastra
(b) Indica
(c) Mudrafakshasa
(d) All
Answer: (d) All
In simple words: All the given options like Artha Sastra, Indica, and Mudrarakshasa are books that tell us about the Mauryan period.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about historical sources, list all known literary, archaeological, or foreign accounts that provide information about that era.

Question 4. Chandra Gupta Maurya abdicated the thrown and went to Sravanbelgola along with Jina Saint ; .
(a) Badrabahu
(b) Stulabahu
(c) Parswanatha
(d) Rushabhanatha
Answer: (a) Badrabahu
In simple words: Chandragupta Maurya left his kingdom and went with the Jain saint Badrabahu to Sravanbelgola.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the significant events in Chandragupta Maurya's life, especially his conversion to Jainism and association with Badrabahu.

Question 5. was the ambassador of Seleucus Nicator.
(a) Ptolemy
(b) Kautilya
(c) Xerxes
(d) Megasthenese
Answer: (d) Megasthenese
In simple words: Megasthenese was the ambassador from Seleucus Nicator.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect key foreign visitors or ambassadors with the rulers or empires they visited, and any important works they left behind, like 'Indica'.

Question 6. Who was the last emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty?
(a) Chandragupta Maurya
(b) Ashoka
(c) Brihadratha
(d) Bindusara
Answer: (c) Brihadratha
In simple words: Brihadratha was the very last ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the first and last rulers of major dynasties helps to understand the lifespan and transition of empires.

II. Match the Statement With the Reason/ Tick the Appropriate Answer

Question 1. Statement (A) : Ashoka is considered as one of India's greatest rulers. Reason (R) : He ruled according to the principle of Dhamma.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
In simple words: Ashoka was a great ruler, and he followed Dhamma. Both facts are true, but Dhamma is just one part of why he was considered great, not the whole reason.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true. Then, check if the Reason directly and fully explains the Assertion.

Question 2. Which of the statements given below is/are correct? Statement 1 : Chandragupta Maurya was the first ruler who unified entire India under one political unit. Statement 2 : The Arthashastra provides information about the Mauryan administration.
(a) only 1
(b) only 2
(c) both 1 and 2
(d) neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) both 1 and 2
In simple words: Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct. Chandragupta Maurya united India, and the Arthashastra tells us about his government.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'correct statements' questions, evaluate each statement independently for its historical accuracy before choosing an option. Remember Chandragupta's unifying role and Arthashastra's importance.

Question 3. Consider the following statements and find out which of the following statement(s) is/are correct. 1. Chandragupta Maurya was the first king of Magadha. 2. Rajagriha was the capital of Magadha.
(a) only 1
(b) only 2
(c) both 1 and 2
(d) neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) both 1 and 2
In simple words: Chandragupta Maurya was Magadha's first king, and Rajagriha was its capital. Both are true.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about the 'first' king of a specific kingdom, as different dynasties ruled Magadha. Also, know the early capitals of major empires.

Question 4. Arrange the following dynasties in chronological order.
(a) Nanda - Sishunaga - Haryanka - Maurya
(b) Nanda - Sishunaga - Maurya - Haryanka
(c) Haryanka - Sishunaga - Nanda - Maurya
(d) Sishunaga - Maurya - Nanda - Haryanka
Answer: (c) Haryanka - Sishunaga - Nanda - Maurya
In simple words: The dynasties ruled in this order: Haryanka, then Shishunaga, then Nanda, and finally Maurya.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the chronological order of major dynasties. This is a common question type that tests your understanding of historical timelines.

Question 5. Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of Magadhan Empire?
(1) Strategic location
(2) Thick forest supplied timber and elephant
(3) Control over sea
(4) Availability of rich deposits of iron ores
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) All of these
Answer: (c) 1,2 and 4 only
In simple words: Magadha grew strong because of its good location, forests for wood and elephants, and lots of iron for weapons. Sea control was not a key factor.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating factors for an empire's rise, consider geography, natural resources, military advantages, and economic stability.

III. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. ............. was the earliest capital of Magadha.
Answer: Rajagriha was the first capital city of the Magadha kingdom. It was strategically located and surrounded by hills.
In simple words: Rajagriha was Magadha's first capital.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the early capitals of significant kingdoms, as they often reflect early strategic decisions.

Question 2. Mudrarakshasa was written by ....................
Answer: The play 'Mudrarakshasa' was written by the ancient Indian playwright Visakhadatta. This historical drama tells the story of Chandragupta Maurya's rise to power. It offers insights into the political climate of the Mauryan era.
In simple words: Visakadatta wrote the play 'Mudrarakshasa'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate important literary works with their authors, especially those that serve as historical sources.

Question 3. ............. was the son of Bindusara.
Answer: Ashoka, one of India's most famous emperors, was the son of Bindusara. He was part of the Mauryan Dynasty and later became known as Ashoka the Great. His reign saw the spread of Buddhism across his vast empire.
In simple words: Ashoka was the son of Bindusara.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the family tree of major dynasties, especially the relationships between famous rulers like Bindusara and Ashoka.

Question 4. The founder of the Maurya Empire was ....................
Answer: The Maurya Empire, one of the largest empires in ancient India, was founded by Chandragupta Maurya. He united many smaller kingdoms to create this vast empire. His efforts laid the foundation for a strong and centralized state.
In simple words: Chandragupta Maurya started the Maurya Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the founders of major empires; they are foundational figures in history.

Question 5. ............. were appointed to spread Dhamma all over the empire.
Answer: Dhamma-mahamattas were special officials appointed by Emperor Ashoka to help spread the principles of Dhamma throughout his empire. Their job was to teach people about good conduct, peace, and non-violence. These officers played a key role in Ashoka's efforts to govern ethically.
In simple words: Dhamma-mahamattas were appointed to spread Ashoka's teachings of Dhamma across the empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key positions or groups responsible for implementing important policies, like the Dhamma-mahamattas for Ashoka's Dhamma.

IV. State True or False

Question 1. The tittle Devanam Piya was given to Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer: False
In simple words: The title 'Devanam Piya' belonged to Ashoka, not Chandragupta Maurya, so this statement is false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between titles and epithets used by different rulers; 'Devanam Piya' is distinctively associated with Ashoka.

Question 2. Ashoka gave up war after his defeat in Kalinga.
Answer: False
In simple words: Ashoka stopped fighting wars after winning the Kalinga war, not after losing it, so this is false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the context of Ashoka's conversion to peace; it was a transformation after a bloody victory, not a retreat after defeat.

Question 3. Ashoka's Dhamma was based on the principle of Buddhism.
Answer: True
In simple words: Ashoka's Dhamma rules were based on Buddhist ideas, which is true.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that while Dhamma incorporated Buddhist ethics, it was a broader social and ethical code for the general population, not just a religious conversion program.

Question 4. The lions on the currency notes notes is taken from the Rampurwa bull capital.
Answer: False
In simple words: The lions on our money come from the Sarnath Lion Capital, not the Rampurwa bull capital, so this is false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the origin of national symbols. The Sarnath Lion Capital is crucial for Indian history and its modern identity.

Question 5. Buddha's relics were placed in the centre of the Stupas.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that Buddha's holy remains were put inside the middle of stupa buildings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the purpose and structure of stupas, especially their role as reliquaries for Buddhist figures.

V. Match the Following

Question 1.
a) Gana - 1) Arthasastra
b) Megasthenese - 2) religious tours
c) Chanakya - 3) people
d) Dharmayatras - 4) Indica.
Answer: (a) 3 4 1 2
In simple words: Gana means people, Megasthenese wrote Indica, Chanakya wrote Arthasastra, and Dharmayatras are religious tours.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, know the core definition or key association for each term. Double-check each pair before finalizing your answer.

VI. Answer in One or Two Sentences

Question 1. Mention any two literary sources of the Mauryan period.
Answer: Two main types of literary sources tell us about the Mauryan period: first, secular literature, which includes important works like Kautilya's 'Arthashastra' and Visakhadatta's 'Mudrarakshasa.' Second, religious texts such as Vedic literature, Jain texts, Buddhist texts like the Jatakas, and Puranas also provide valuable historical insights. These writings help historians reconstruct the past. Foreign accounts like Megasthenese's Indica are also crucial.
In simple words: Two literary sources for the Mauryan period are secular books like 'Arthashastra' and religious books like Buddhist and Jain texts.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing literary sources, try to differentiate between secular (non-religious) and religious texts, and mention specific examples for each category if possible.

Question 2. What is a stupa?
Answer: A stupa is a dome-shaped building, usually built from brick or stone, that served as a place of worship in Buddhism. At its very center, stupas typically contained sacred relics, such as the remains of Buddha or other revered Buddhist monks. They are key architectural forms in Buddhist art. The semi-spherical shape symbolizes the mound of dirt used for ancient burials.
In simple words: A stupa is a round, dome-like building made of brick or stone. It holds the holy remains of Buddha or other Buddhist teachers in the middle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a stupa by its shape, material, and primary function (housing relics), highlighting its significance in Buddhist architecture.

Question 3. Name the dynasties of Magadha.
Answer: Four main dynasties ruled over the powerful Magadha Empire in chronological order. These were the Haryanka dynasty, followed by the Shishunaga dynasty, then the Nanda dynasty, and finally, the well-known Maurya dynasty. Each dynasty contributed to the expansion and administration of Magadha. This sequence of rulers shaped much of ancient Indian history.
In simple words: The four dynasties that ruled Magadha were Haryanka, Shishunaga, Nanda, and Maurya.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing dynasties, try to remember them in their correct chronological order to show a clear understanding of historical progression.

Question 4. What were the sources of revenue during the Mauryan period?
Answer: During the Mauryan period, the government collected revenue from various sources. The most crucial source was land tax, known as 'Bhaga,' which was typically one-sixth of the total produce from the land. Additionally, taxes like 'Bali' and 'Bagha' are mentioned in inscriptions. Other important sources included taxes on resources from forests, income from mines and salt production, and fees from irrigation facilities. These diverse income streams helped fund the vast Mauryan administration and army.
In simple words: The Mauryan government got money mainly from land tax, which was one-sixth of the harvest. They also collected taxes from forests, mines, salt, and water used for farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing revenue, identify the main tax types (like land tax and specific levies) and the various economic sectors that contributed to the state's income.

Question 5. Who assisted Nagarika in the administration of towns?
Answer: In the Mauryan town administration, the 'Nagarika,' who was the city superintendent, received help from other officials. These assistants were called 'Sthanika' and 'Gopa.' The Sthanika managed the city's affairs within specific districts, while the Gopa oversaw ten to twenty households, maintaining records and managing resources. This system ensured effective local governance.
In simple words: Sthanika and Gopa were officials who helped the Nagarika manage the towns.

🎯 Exam Tip: For administrative structures, name the key officials and their respective roles, especially those involved in local governance.

Question 6. What do you know from the Rock Edicts II and XIII of Ashoka?
Answer: Ashoka's Rock Edicts II and XIII provide important historical information. Rock Edict XIII famously describes the immense suffering and horror of the Kalinga war, which deeply affected Ashoka and led to his change of heart. Additionally, these edicts, particularly Rock Edict II, mention the names of three southern dynasties: the Pandyas, Cholas, the Keralaputras, and the Sathyaputras, showing Ashoka's awareness and perhaps his peaceful relations with them. These edicts are crucial primary sources about his reign.
In simple words: Rock Edict XIII tells us about the terrible Kalinga war. Both Edicts II and XIII also mention the names of southern Indian kingdoms like the Pandyas and Cholas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific key information or events associated with particular edicts of Ashoka, as they highlight major policies and historical contexts.

Question 7. Which classical Tamil poetic works have the reference of Mauryans?
Answer: The classical Tamil poetic work 'Agananuru,' specifically a poem by Mamulahar, contains references to the Mauryans. This shows that the Mauryan Empire had interactions or was known in the southern parts of India. These ancient Tamil texts provide valuable cross-cultural insights. The poem describes the Mauryan army's march through the south.
In simple words: Mamulahar's poem, found in the 'Agananuru' collection, mentions the Mauryans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the importance of regional literature, like classical Tamil texts, for providing supplementary historical information beyond mainstream historical accounts.

VII. Answer the Following

Question 1. What did Ashoka do to spread Buddhism? (Write any three points)
Answer: Ashoka took several significant steps to spread Buddhism. First, he sent his own son, Mahinda, and daughter, Sanghamitta, to Sri Lanka to help spread Buddhist teachings there. Second, he dispatched Buddhist missionaries to various regions, including West Asia, Egypt, and Eastern Europe, to share the message of Dhamma. Third, Ashoka created a new group of officials called Dhamma-mahamattas, whose primary role was to promote Dhamma throughout his vast empire. He believed in peaceful propagation of the faith. Lastly, he organized the Third Buddhist Council in his capital, Pataliputra, to resolve disputes and further strengthen Buddhist doctrines.
In simple words: Ashoka sent his son and daughter to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism. He also sent teachers to many other countries. He created special officers called Dhamma-mahamattas to teach Dhamma everywhere and held the Third Buddhist Council in Pataliputra.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about propagation efforts, list specific actions, key individuals involved, geographical areas, and administrative measures taken by the ruler.

Question 2. Write any five causes for the rise of Magadha.
Answer: Several key factors led to the rise of Magadha as a powerful empire. Firstly, its location in the lower Gangetic plain made the land very fertile, ensuring abundant agricultural production. This rich yield provided a steady and significant income for the state. Secondly, the region had dense forests that supplied plenty of timber for construction and elephants for the army. Lastly, Magadha was rich in natural resources, especially iron ore, which was essential for making strong weapons and tools, giving it a military advantage. All these factors combined to make Magadha a dominant force.
In simple words: Magadha grew strong because its fertile land gave a lot of food and money. Thick forests provided wood and elephants for the army. Also, a lot of iron helped them make strong weapons.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the rise of an empire, focus on geographical advantages, economic stability (agriculture, trade), natural resources (minerals, forests), and military strength.

VIII. HOTS

Question 1. Kalinga war became a turning point in Ashoka's life. How?
Answer: The Kalinga war marked a significant turning point in Ashoka's life due to its immense devastation. Firstly, a vast number of people died, causing him deep sorrow and regret. This experience made him realize that war brings only suffering and destruction, not glory. Consequently, the Kalinga war profoundly influenced Ashoka's personal beliefs and his future policies as a ruler. He sought peace and found comfort in Buddhism, leading him to embrace its principles. Ashoka then took a vow to spread Dhamma, which was a code of moral conduct, to all people. Finally, he abandoned his policy of military conquest ('Dig Vijay') and adopted a new policy of conquest through Dhamma ('Dharma Vijay'), focusing on peace and ethical governance instead. This event transformed him from a ruthless conqueror to a benevolent ruler.
In simple words: The Kalinga war caused a lot of death and sadness, which made Ashoka realize that war is bad. After this, he turned to Buddhism for peace and promised to spread Dhamma instead of fighting. He changed from a warrior king to a peaceful ruler.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the emotional impact of the Kalinga war on Ashoka, his subsequent conversion to Buddhism, and the change in his state policy from military conquest to moral persuasion (Dhamma Vijay).

Question 2. Write any five welfare measures you would do If you were a king like Ashoka?
Answer: If I were a king like Ashoka, my welfare measures would focus on the well-being of my people. First, I would ensure proper agricultural support, particularly by creating systems to store excess rainwater for farming, helping farmers especially in dry periods. Second, financial help would be provided to those affected by natural disasters, to help them rebuild their lives. Third, I would implement strong laws to protect children effectively, ensuring their safety and development. Fourth, strict penalties would be enforced against corruption to maintain fairness and trust in governance. Lastly, I would actively seek feedback and suggestions from the general public to continuously improve the quality of governance and public services. These actions would aim to create a just and prosperous society.
In simple words: If I were a king like Ashoka, I would help farmers store water, give money to people after natural disasters, make strong child protection laws, punish corrupt people strictly, and ask the public for ideas to make things better.

🎯 Exam Tip: When imagining yourself as a historical figure, propose practical and relevant welfare measures that align with the known policies or humanitarian spirit of that ruler.

IX. Picture Study

This is the picture of Ashokan edicts.

Question a. What are edicts?
Answer: Edicts are official announcements or laws made by a ruler or a powerful authority. They are usually written down and displayed in public places so everyone knows the rules or messages. Ashoka's edicts, carved on rocks and pillars, were crucial for spreading his message of Dhamma. These declarations served as direct communication from the king to his people.
In simple words: Edicts are official orders or messages given by a king or ruler to the public.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define edicts by their nature (official proclamation), source (authority/king), and purpose (communication of laws or messages).

Question b. How are Ashokan edicts useful?
Answer: Ashokan edicts are very useful as they reveal the core values and policies of Emperor Ashoka. They show his deep belief in peace, righteousness (Dharma), and justice, along with his strong commitment to the welfare of his subjects. These edicts also act as primary historical records, giving us direct information about his reign, his efforts to spread Dhamma, and his interactions with neighboring kingdoms. They are an invaluable source for understanding ancient Indian history and the mind of a great ruler.
In simple words: Ashokan edicts are helpful because they tell us about his beliefs in peace, justice, and how much he cared for his people. They are like old records of his rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight both the content (Ashoka's values and policies) and the historical utility (primary source, insights into his reign) of the edicts.

Question c. Where were these edicts inscribed?
Answer: Ashoka's edicts were inscribed in various prominent locations to reach a wide audience. They were typically carved onto large rock surfaces (boulders), sturdy stone pillars, and the walls of caves. This ensured that his messages were widely accessible and durable, remaining preserved for future generations. The placement in public areas allowed many people to see and understand the king's decrees. The inscriptions were usually in Brahmi script.
In simple words: Ashoka's edicts were written on pillars, big rocks, and cave walls.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the different types of surfaces where Ashokan edicts were found, emphasizing their public and durable nature.

Question d. Name the script used in Sanchi Inscription.
Answer: The script primarily used for the Sanchi Inscription and many other Ashokan edicts was Brahmi. Brahmi was one of the earliest writing systems used in ancient India and is the ancestor of many modern Indian scripts. Its use in these inscriptions indicates its widespread prevalence during the Mauryan period. The Sanchi Stupa contains inscriptions that help historians understand the patronage and spread of Buddhism.
In simple words: The script used in the Sanchi Inscription was Brahmi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Brahmi script as the primary script for Ashokan inscriptions and its significance in Indian writing history.

Question e. How many Rock Edicts are there?
Answer: There are a total of 33 Edicts attributed to Ashoka, comprising a combination of Major Rock Edicts, Minor Rock Edicts, Pillar Edicts, and Minor Pillar Edicts. These edicts are scattered across different parts of his empire. Each edict typically conveys his message of Dhamma and ethical governance. This large number reflects his extensive communication efforts.
In simple words: There are 33 Rock Edicts from Ashoka.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the total number of Ashokan edicts (including all types) and understand that they are categorized into major/minor rock and pillar edicts.

X. Who Am I

Question 1. I belonged to Haryanka dynasty. I extended territory by matrimonial alliances. My son is Ajatasatru - Who am I?
Answer: The ruler described is Bimbisara. He was a powerful king of the Haryanka dynasty who expanded his kingdom not only through military conquests but also significantly through marriage alliances. His son, Ajatasatru, later succeeded him. Bimbisara was a contemporary of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira.
In simple words: I am Bimbisara. I was from the Haryanka dynasty, grew my kingdom by marrying into other royal families, and my son was Ajatasatru.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'Who am I' questions, identify key characteristics like dynasty, family relations, and methods of expansion (e.g., matrimonial alliances) to pinpoint the ruler.

Question 2. I played a significant role in the transformation of society. I am used to making ploughshare - Who am I?
Answer: The answer is Iron. Iron played a very important role in changing ancient societies. It was used to make stronger tools, especially ploughshares, which helped in clearing forests and improving agriculture. This led to more food production and the growth of larger settlements. Iron technology truly revolutionized farming and warfare. Its strength made it suitable for many practical uses.
In simple words: I am Iron. I helped change society a lot, especially by being used to make ploughshares for farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the impact of key materials or technologies (like iron) on societal development, especially in agriculture and tool-making.

Question 3. I was known as Devanampiya. I embraced the path of peace - Who am I?
Answer: This describes Emperor Ashoka. He was known by the title 'Devanampiya,' meaning 'Beloved of the Gods,' and famously adopted the path of peace after the Kalinga war, embracing Buddhism. His reign is remembered for the spread of Dhamma and non-violence. He sent his children to spread Buddhism.
In simple words: I am Ashoka. I was called Devanampiya and chose the path of peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the specific title 'Devanampiya' and the adoption of a path of peace (post-Kalinga) directly to Emperor Ashoka.

Question 4. I established the first largest empire in India. I performed Sallekhana - Who am I?
Answer: This describes Chandragupta Maurya. He established the first truly large empire in India, the Mauryan Empire. Later in his life, he adopted Jainism and performed 'Sallekhana,' a Jain ritual of fasting to death. His efforts unified a large part of the Indian subcontinent under one rule. This act showed his deep religious commitment.
In simple words: I am Chandragupta Maurya. I started India's first big empire and performed Sallekhana.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify Chandragupta Maurya with the establishment of the first large Indian empire and his unique end through Sallekhana, a Jain practice.

Question 5. I am found in the Lion Capital of Ashoka. I am at the centre of our national flag - Who am I?
Answer: This describes the Ashoka Chakra. It is a wheel with 24 spokes, prominently featured in the Lion Capital of Ashoka found at Sarnath. This symbol is also placed at the center of India's national flag, representing righteousness, progress, and the cycle of dharma. It is a powerful national emblem, embodying ancient Indian values. The Ashoka Chakra signifies motion and dynamism.
In simple words: I am the Ashoka Chakra. I am seen on Ashoka's Lion Capital and in the middle of India's national flag.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the Ashoka Chakra as a significant symbol found on the Sarnath Lion Capital and its role in modern Indian identity (national flag).

XI. Decipher the Code - The Mauryan Empire

Question 1. The first dynasty that ruled over Magadha was .................... (8, 1, 18, 25, 1, 14, 11, 1)
Answer: Haryanka
In simple words: The Haryanka dynasty was the first to rule Magadha.

🎯 Exam Tip: For deciphering questions, carefully map each number to its corresponding letter. Also, ensure the historical fact is correct.

Question 2. .................... empire was the first largest empire. (13, 1, 21, 18, 25, 1)
Answer: Maurya
In simple words: The Maurya Empire was the first biggest empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the significance of the Mauryan Empire as the first large, unified empire in Indian history.

Question 3. ............ laid the foundation of the new capital at Pataliputra. (21, 4, 1, 25, 9, 14)
Answer: Udayin
In simple words: King Udayin started the new capital city of Pataliputra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the changes in capital cities and the rulers responsible, as these reflect strategic decisions and shifts in power.

Question 4. .................... was one of the main exports (19, 16, 9, 3, 5, 19)
Answer: Spices
In simple words: Spices were one of the main things sent out to other countries for trade.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key trade goods and their economic importance in ancient empires, like spices from India.

Question 5. .................... bacame later the most renowned seat of learning. (14, 1, 12, 1, 14, 4, 1)
Answer: Nalanda
In simple words: Nalanda later became a very famous place for learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize important educational centers like Nalanda and their historical significance in promoting knowledge and culture.

Question 6. Revenue from agricultural produce was called .................... (2, 8, 1, 7, 1)
Answer: Bhaga
In simple words: The tax on farm produce was called Bhaga.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the specific terms for taxes and revenue systems in ancient India, especially 'Bhaga' for land revenue.

Question 7. The horror of war was described in .................... (18, 15, 3, 11, 5, 4, 9, 3, 20)
Answer: Rock Edict
In simple words: The terrible parts of the war were described in the Rock Edict.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate major historical events, like the Kalinga War's horror, with the specific Ashokan edicts that document them.

Question 8. Greeks called Bindusara as .................... (1, 13, 9, 20, 18, 1, 7, 1, 20, 8)
Answer: Amitragatha
In simple words: The Greeks called Bindusara 'Amitragatha,' meaning 'destroyer of enemies'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the foreign names or titles given to Indian rulers, as they provide an external perspective on their capabilities and reputations.

Question 9. The crowning element in Saranath Pillar is ............. (4, 8, 1, 18, 13, 1, 3, 8, 1, 11, 18, 1)
Answer: Dharma Chakra
In simple words: The Dharma Chakra is the top part of the Sarnath Pillar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Sarnath Pillar's crowning element, the Dharma Chakra, with its symbolic meaning of Dhamma and its modern significance.

Question 10. Council of ministers were known as .................... (13, 1, 14, 4, 18, 9, 16, 1, 18, 9, 19, 8, 1, 4)
Answer: Mantriparishad
In simple words: The council of ministers was called the Mantriparishad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the term 'Mantriparishad' as the council of ministers, a common feature of ancient Indian political systems.

XII. Activity (For Students)

1. Field trip to Museum
2. Movie show - about Ashoka and Chandragupta

XIV. Life Skill (For Students)

1. Make a model of Ashoka Chakra
2. Make a model of Sanchi Stupa
3. Draw and colour our National Flag.

XV. Answer Grid

Question 1. Name the two kinds of government in North India during 6th century B.C. (BCE)
Answer: During the 6th century B.C. (BCE) in North India, two main types of government existed. These were the 'Gana-Sanghas,' which were republican states governed by a council or assembly, and 'Kingdoms' or monarchies, ruled by hereditary kings. The Gana-Sanghas were generally oligarchic, while kingdoms were centralized under a single ruler. This period saw a variety of political structures.
In simple words: In 6th century B.C. North India, there were two types of governments: Gana-Sanghas (run by groups of people) and Kingdoms (run by kings).

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the republican (Gana-Sangha) and monarchical (Kingdom) forms of government prevalent in ancient India, especially during the early historical period.

Question 7. Which inscription records the Construction of Sudarshana lake?
Answer: The Junagath Girnar inscription clearly records the building and repair of the Sudarshana lake. This ancient record helps us understand how important water management was back then.
In simple words: The Junagath Girnar inscription talks about the building of the Sudarshana lake.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about specific historical records, always include the full name of the inscription or text for accuracy.

Question 8. Who was the last Nanda ruler?
Answer: Dhana Nanda was the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty. He was known to be unpopular, which eventually led to the end of his rule. The unpopul arity of a ruler often weakens a kingdom significantly.
In simple words: Dhana Nanda was the last king of the Nanda dynasty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the last ruler of a dynasty is crucial for understanding dynastic changes and the rise of new empires.

Question 9. Name the silver coin which was in use during the Mauryan Period.
Answer: The silver coin used during the Mauryan Period was called Panas. These coins were an important part of the Mauryan economy and trade. Having a common currency made trade easier across the vast empire.
In simple words: During the Mauryan time, people used silver coins called Panas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the names of currencies from ancient periods provides insight into economic systems and trade practices.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science From Chiefdoms To Empires Additional Important Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1. Mahajanapadas dotted the Indo - Gangetic plain in sixth century BC.
(a) Ten
(b) Fourteen
(c) Sixteen
(d) eighteen
Answer: (c) Sixteen
In simple words: There were sixteen Mahajanapadas (large kingdoms) spread across the Indo-Gangetic plain around the sixth century BC. These were powerful states that shaped ancient India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the exact number of Mahajanapadas as it is a key factual detail in ancient Indian history.

Question 2. Kosala, one of the Mahajanapadas belonged to
(a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(b) Allahabad
(c) Bihar
(d) Ujjain
Answer: (a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
In simple words: The ancient kingdom of Kosala was located in the area that is now called Eastern Uttar Pradesh. This region was important in early Indian history.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's helpful to associate Mahajanapadas with their modern geographical locations to better understand their historical context.

Question 3. The horror of the Kalinga war was described in the Rock Edict ..........
(a) X
(b) XI
(c) XII
(d) XIII
Answer: (d) XIII
In simple words: The terrible events of the Kalinga war, including the pain and suffering it caused, are written down in Ashoka's Thirteenth Rock Edict. This edict shows how the war changed Ashoka's heart.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific Rock Edict number related to the Kalinga War is important as it marks a major turning point in Ashoka's reign.

Question 4. The Source of information about the Mauryan Empire is from
(a) Puranas
(b) Edicts of Ashoka
(c) Bihar
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: We learn about the Mauryan Empire from many places, including ancient religious texts called Puranas, the stone carvings left by Ashoka (his Edicts), and various other records from the Bihar region. All these different sources help historians understand the Mauryan period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that historical periods are often understood through multiple types of sources, including literary, archaeological, and foreign accounts.

II. Match The Statement With The Reason / Tick The Appropriate Answer

Question 1. Statement (A) : Magadha's gradual rise to political supremacy began with Bimbisara. Reason (R) : Bimbisara extended the territory by conquests and matrimonial alliances.
(a) A is true but R is false
(b) A is false but R is true
(c) Both A and R are true
(d) Both A and R are false
Answer: (c) Both A and R are true
In simple words: Both the statement that Magadha became powerful under Bimbisara and the reason that he expanded his kingdom through wars and marriages are true. His smart strategies made Magadha very strong.

🎯 Exam Tip: In assertion-reason questions, carefully evaluate both statements independently and then check if the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Question 2. Consider the following statements and find out which of the following statement(s) is/are correct.
(1) Board of 40 members divided into eight committees. Each had 5 members to manage the administration of the city.
(2) Town administration was under Nagarika.
(a) only 1
(b) only 2
(c) both 1 and 2
(d) neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) only 2
In simple words: Only the second statement is correct, which says that the city administration was managed by an officer called Nagarika. The first statement about the board having 40 members in eight committees is not correct in this context.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to numbers and specific roles mentioned in administrative statements, as small details can change the correctness of a statement.

III. Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Chandragupta Maurya overthrew ...................
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya overthrew Dhana Nanda. This marked the end of the Nanda dynasty and the beginning of the Mauryan Empire.
In simple words: Chandragupta Maurya defeated Dhana Nanda.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing who overthrew whom is essential for understanding transitions between major historical dynasties.

Question 2. ................... convened the first Buddhist council at Rajagriha.
Answer: Ajatasatru convened the first Buddhist council at Rajagriha. This important meeting took place shortly after the Buddha's passing. The council helped to preserve the Buddha's teachings.
In simple words: Ajatasatru held the first Buddhist council in Rajagriha.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of rulers associated with significant religious events like the Buddhist councils.

Question 3. The meaning of ................... is explained in Ashoka's - Pillar Edict II.
Answer: The meaning of Dhamma is explained in Ashoka's - Pillar Edict II. Dhamma referred to a moral code that Ashoka wanted his people to follow. This edict helped people understand Ashoka's moral principles.
In simple words: Ashoka's Pillar Edict II explains what Dhamma means.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link key concepts like 'Dhamma' to the specific edicts where they are explained for a deeper understanding.

Question 4. Council of ministers known as ................... assisted the King.
Answer: The council of ministers known as Mantriparishad assisted the King. This group of advisors played a vital role in governing the empire. A strong council helps a king make good decisions.
In simple words: The Mantriparishad, which was a group of ministers, helped the King.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with the terms for administrative bodies in ancient India, such as 'Mantriparishad'.

IV. State True Or False

Question 1. Gold played a significant role in this transformation of society.
Answer: False.
In simple words: The statement that gold played a major role in changing society is incorrect. Iron was more important for tools and weapons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the importance of different metals in ancient history; iron often played a more transformative role than gold for daily life and warfare.

Question 2. Magadha was located on the lower part of the Gangetic plain.
Answer: True.
In simple words: The statement that Magadha was in the lower Gangetic plain is correct. This location helped it become a powerful kingdom because of fertile land and easy access to rivers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Geographic location is often a key factor in the rise and prosperity of ancient kingdoms.

Question 3. Mahapadma Nanda and his eight sons were known as Navanandas.
Answer: True.
In simple words: It is true that Mahapadma Nanda and his eight sons were together called the Navanandas. This refers to the nine Nanda rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize collective terms or titles used for groups of rulers, like 'Navanandas'.

Question 4. Ashoka held the third Buddist council at Kashmir.
Answer: False.
In simple words: The statement that Ashoka held the third Buddhist council in Kashmir is false. The third Buddhist council was held in Pataliputra, not Kashmir.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful to remember the correct locations of important historical events like Buddhist councils.

V. Match The Following

Question. Match the following:
(a) Magadha - 1) Kausambi
(b) Avanti - 2) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(c) Kosala - 3) Ujjain
(d) Vatsa - 4) Bihar
Answer:
(a) Magadha - 4) Bihar
(b) Avanti - 3) Ujjain
(c) Kosala - 2) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(d) Vatsa - 1) Kausambi
In simple words: Magadha was in Bihar, Avanti in Ujjain, Kosala in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Vatsa in Kausambi. These pairs link ancient kingdoms to their main regions or capitals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice matching the Mahajanapadas with their respective locations or capitals to ensure accuracy in such questions.

VI. Answer In One Or Two Sentences

Question 1. What were the two kinds of government in North India during the sixth century BC?
Answer: During the sixth century BC in North India, there were two main types of government: Gana-Sanghas, which were non-monarchical states, and Kingdoms, which were monarchies. These different forms of rule shaped the political landscape of ancient India. Each system had its own way of leadership and decision-making.
In simple words: North India had two kinds of government in the sixth century BC: Gana-Sanghas (where there was no king) and Kingdoms (ruled by kings).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both types of government and briefly explain their key difference (monarchical vs. non-monarchical).

Question 2. How were Mahajanapadas formed?
Answer: Mahajanapadas formed from earlier Janapadas, which were the first gathering places of people. Over time, these Janapadas grew into larger republics or smaller kingdoms. The widespread use of iron tools in the Gangetic plain helped create the right conditions for these smaller units to grow and transform into the bigger territorial units known as Mahajanapadas. This technological advancement boosted agriculture and population.
In simple words: Mahajanapadas grew from smaller groups of people called Janapadas. Iron tools helped them expand into bigger kingdoms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the evolution from Janapadas to Mahajanapadas and the role of iron in this development.

Question 3. What did Ashoka lay stress on?
Answer: Ashoka laid great stress on several moral values and principles, which he called Dhamma. These included:
1. Compassion
2. Charity
3. Purity
4. Saintliness
5. Self-control
6. Truthfulness
7. Obedience and respect He believed these values would lead to a peaceful and just society. His focus on these ethical guidelines greatly influenced his reign.
In simple words: Ashoka emphasized values like compassion, charity, purity, self-control, truthfulness, and respect as part of his Dhamma.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing specific virtues associated with Ashoka's Dhamma is essential for a complete answer.

VII. Answer The Following

Question 1. Give reasons for the decline of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The Mauryan Empire declined due to several important reasons:
1. Ashoka's successors were generally very weak rulers, unable to maintain control over the vast empire.
2. There were continuous revolts and rebellions in different parts of the empire, weakening its unity.
3. Invasions by the Bactrian Greeks from the northwest further weakened the empire's borders and resources.
4. The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha, was assassinated by his own commander, Pushyamitra Shunga.
5. Pushyamitra Shunga then established the Shunga dynasty, officially ending Mauryan rule. These factors combined led to the eventual collapse of the powerful Mauryan Empire.
In simple words: The Mauryan Empire fell because Ashoka's next rulers were weak, there were many rebellions, outside groups invaded, and the last king was killed by his commander who then started a new dynasty.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the decline of an empire, always include both internal weaknesses (like weak rulers and revolts) and external threats (like invasions).

Question 2. What do you know about the Royal Art of Mauryan?
Answer: The Royal Art of the Mauryan period was highly developed and included various forms, such as grand palaces, public buildings, monolithic pillars, and rock-cut architecture. Stupas also represented a significant part of this art. This art reflected the power and patronage of the Mauryan rulers.
**Stupas:**
1. A stupa is a semi-circular dome-like structure built using brick or stone.
2. The Buddha's relics were often placed in the very center of these domes.
3. Famous examples, like the stupa at Sanchi near Bhopal, can still be seen today.
**Monolithic Pillar:**
1. The most distinctive feature of these pillars is the 'Dharma Chakra' (Wheel of Law) as their crowning element.
2. A prominent example is the pillar found at Sarnath.
**Rock cut Architecture:**
1. Rock-cut caves are found in places like the Barabar hills and Nagarjuna hills.
2. These caves are located to the north of Bodh Gaya.
3. Three caves in the Barabar hills have inscriptions from Ashoka.
4. Three caves in the Nagarjuna hills have inscriptions from Dasharatha Maurya, who was Ashoka's grandson.
In simple words: Mauryan Royal Art included palaces, pillars, rock-cut caves, and stupas. Stupas were dome-shaped structures for relics. Monolithic pillars often had the Dharma Chakra. Rock-cut caves in Barabar and Nagarjuna hills had inscriptions from Ashoka and his grandson.

🎯 Exam Tip: To fully describe Mauryan art, mention different forms like stupas, pillars, and rock-cut architecture, and give examples for each.

VII. Mind Map