Samacheer Kalvi Class 6 Social Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 2 Achieving Equality

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. Which one of the following is not the reason for Prejudice?
(a) Socialization
(b) Economic Benefits
(c) Authoritarian personality
(d) Geography
Answer: (d) Geography
In simple words: Geography is about places and land, and it is not a reason why people develop prejudice against others. Prejudice comes from social and personal beliefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When identifying causes of social issues like prejudice, think about human interactions, beliefs, and economic factors rather than physical geography.

Question 2. Discrimination done on the basis of gender is referred to as
(a) gender discrimination
(b) caste discrimination
(c) religious discrimination
(d) inequality
Answer: (a) gender discrimination
In simple words: When people are treated unfairly because they are a boy or a girl, it is called gender discrimination. It creates differences in opportunities for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that specific types of discrimination are named after the characteristic being targeted, such as gender, caste, or religion.

Question 3. Gender-based stereotypes are often portrayed in
(a) films
(b) advertisements
(c) TV serials
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: Gender stereotypes, which are fixed ideas about how boys and girls should act, appear often in movies, ads, and TV shows. These media often show people doing things based on their gender.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware that popular media like films, advertisements, and TV serials are powerful tools that can both reflect and influence societal stereotypes.

Question 4. Name the book/s written by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
(a) India 2020
(b) Wings of Fire
(c) Ignited Minds
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam wrote many important books like "India 2020", "Wings of Fire", and "Ignited Minds". These books share his thoughts and vision for India's future.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about multiple works by an author, remember that "All of the options" is often correct if all listed items are genuinely their works.

Question 5. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was conferred Bharat Ratna in the year
(a) 1997
(b) 1996
(c) 1995
(d) 1994
Answer: (a) 1997
In simple words: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in the year 1997. This was a recognition of his great work for the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize key dates for significant national awards and achievements of important personalities.

Question 6. Viswanathan Anand became India's first grandmaster in the year.
(a) 1985
(b) 1986
(c) 1987
(d) 1988
Answer: (d) 1988
In simple words: Viswanathan Anand became the first chess grandmaster from India in 1988. This was a big achievement for Indian chess.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the year of major milestones in sports and other fields helps understand the historical context of India's achievements.

Question 7. In which sport Ilavazhagi excels
(a) Chess
(b) Wrestling
(c) Carrom
(d) Tennis
Answer: (c) Carrom
In simple words: Ilavazhagi is very good at the game of Carrom. She has achieved great success in this sport.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep up-to-date with current affairs and notable personalities, especially those from your region, for questions about sports and achievements.

Question 8. Which article of the Constitution says discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them is not permitted?
(a) 14(1)
(b) 15(1)
(c) 16(1)
(d) 17(1)
Answer: (b) 15(1)
In simple words: Article 15(1) of the Indian Constitution makes it clear that the government cannot treat anyone unfairly based on their religion, race, caste, gender, or where they were born. It ensures equal rights for all citizens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the key articles of the Indian Constitution that deal with fundamental rights, especially those related to equality and non-discrimination.

Question 9. B.R. Ambedkar was conferred Bharat Ratna in the year
(a) 1990
(b) 1989
(c) 1988
(d) 1987
Answer: (a) 1990
In simple words: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a very important leader who helped write the Indian Constitution, received the Bharat Ratna in 1990. This was a posthumous award, given after his death, to honor his lifetime of service.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important dates associated with national heroes and their posthumous awards, as these are frequently asked in general knowledge sections.

Question 10. As per the 2011 Census the highest literate district in Tamil Nadu
(a) Namakkal
(b) Salem
(c) Kanyakumari
(d) Sivagangai
Answer: (c) Kanyakumari
In simple words: According to the 2011 Census, Kanyakumari district had the highest number of educated people in Tamil Nadu. This shows its high literacy rate compared to other districts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Stay updated with census data and key statistics related to literacy and demographics for your state, as these are common factual questions.

II. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. People have false belief and ideas on others is called Prejudice.
Answer: The correct word to fill the blank is 'Prejudice'. This term describes when people hold negative or untrue beliefs about others without truly knowing them, often leading to unfair judgments.
In simple words: The blank should be filled with 'Prejudice'. This means judging others negatively without proper information.

🎯 Exam Tip: When filling in the blanks, make sure the word you choose fits the meaning of the sentence perfectly and aligns with social science concepts.

Question 2. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born in 1931.
Answer: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born in the year 1931. He was a great scientist and later became the President of India. His birth year is an important historical fact.
In simple words: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born in 1931.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the birth years of significant national leaders and personalities, as they are often tested in general knowledge.

Question 3. Viswanathan Anand was the first recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest Sport honour.
Answer: The person who first received the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest sports honor, was Viswanathan Anand. He is a famous chess grandmaster. This award recognizes outstanding achievements in sports.
In simple words: Viswanathan Anand was the first person to get the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's top sports award.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the first recipients of major national awards, especially in fields like sports, as they hold historical significance.

Question 4. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was the independent India's first Law Minister.
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the very first Law Minister of independent India. He played a key role in drafting the Indian Constitution, ensuring justice and equality for all citizens. His contribution to law and justice was immense.
In simple words: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was India's first Law Minister after gaining independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify and remember the first holders of important ministerial positions in independent India, as they are part of India's political history.

Question 5. As per the 2011 census the lowest Sex ratio was in Dharmapuri.
Answer: According to the 2011 census, the district with the lowest sex ratio (meaning fewer females per 1000 males) was Dharmapuri. This data helps us understand population imbalances in different regions.
In simple words: In 2011, Dharmapuri had the lowest number of girls compared to boys.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to demographic data from census reports, especially statistics like sex ratio, as they highlight social issues and regional differences.

III. Match the Following

Question. Match the following:
1. Prejudice
2. Stereotype
3. Discrimination
4. Article 14
5. Article 17
Answer:
1. Prejudice - (e) judge other people negatively
2. Stereotype - (d) false view or idea about something
3. Discrimination - (b) treating someone less fairly than others
4. Article 14 - (c) equality before law
5. Article 17 - (a) abolition of untouchability
In simple words: This section matches different terms related to equality and the Indian Constitution with their correct meanings. Each term is paired with its definition or related concept.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, read both columns carefully. Try to match the most obvious pairs first to narrow down the remaining choices, ensuring you understand the core concepts.

IV. Answer the Following Questions

Question 1. What is Prejudice?
Answer: Prejudice means judging other people negatively or thinking they are inferior without really knowing them. It happens when people hold false beliefs and ideas about certain groups. This often leads to unfair treatment or opinions based on inaccurate information.
In simple words: Prejudice is when you judge someone badly or think less of them without knowing much about them, usually because of false ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define prejudice by highlighting both the negative judgment and the lack of proper knowledge as its core components.

Question 2. What is a stereotype?
Answer: A stereotype is a fixed and oversimplified idea or false view about something, especially a group of people. For example, believing that girls are not good at sports is a stereotype. Stereotypes often develop when prejudice becomes stronger, making people see everyone in a group the same way. They prevent us from seeing people as unique individuals.
In simple words: A stereotype is a fixed, untrue idea about a group of people, like saying all girls are bad at sports. It often comes from prejudice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Illustrate the definition of a stereotype with a clear example to show your understanding and distinguish it from prejudice.

Question 3. What is discrimination?
Answer: Discrimination is when negative actions are taken towards people, treating them unfairly. It can happen based on a person's skin color, social class, religion, gender, or other characteristics. Discrimination involves treating individuals or groups differently, usually in a harmful way, preventing them from equal opportunities. It is the action that comes from prejudice.
In simple words: Discrimination means treating people unfairly, like based on their skin color or religion. It is acting on prejudice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain discrimination by focusing on "negative actions" and listing various grounds on which it can occur, emphasizing it's about unfair treatment.

Question 4. What are the articles that are discussing equality in the Indian constitution?
Answer: The Indian Constitution discusses equality mainly through Article 14 and Article 15(1). Article 14 talks about equality before law, meaning everyone is equal in the eyes of the law. Article 15(1) states that no citizen shall face discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. These articles are fundamental to ensuring fair treatment for all in India.
In simple words: Articles 14 and 15(1) of the Indian Constitution talk about equality. Article 14 says everyone is equal before the law, and Article 15(1) stops discrimination based on things like religion or gender.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly mention both Article 14 and Article 15(1) and briefly explain what each one means in the context of equality.

V. Answer the Following In Detail

Question 1. What are the causes of prejudice?
Answer: Prejudice can arise from several factors in society. The main causes include:
1. Socialization: Learning biased ideas from family, friends, or society while growing up.
2. Conforming behaviors: Following what others do or believe, even if it's prejudiced.
3. Economic benefits: Some groups gain advantages by keeping other groups down.
4. Authoritarian personality: People with strict or rigid personalities might be more prejudiced.
5. Ethno-centrism: Believing one's own culture or group is superior to others.
6. Group closure: Keeping certain groups out to protect the interests of one's own group.
7. Conflicts: Disagreements between groups can lead to strong negative feelings and prejudice. Understanding these causes helps us work towards a more inclusive society.
In simple words: Prejudice happens for many reasons like what we learn from family, copying others, economic gains, having a strict personality, thinking our group is best, keeping other groups out, or due to fights between groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about causes, provide a numbered list for clarity and briefly explain each point to show a comprehensive understanding.

Question 2. Write any two types of discrimination?
Answer: Two common types of discrimination are gender discrimination and religious discrimination.
(a) Gender discrimination:
1. This refers to unfair treatment between men and women in areas like health, education, money, and politics in India.
2. For example, a girl might not be allowed to go to college after finishing school.
3. Many girls are not allowed to choose their own job and are instead forced into marriage.
4. In some families, girls cannot wear modern clothes, while boys in the same families often can.
(b) Religious discrimination:
1. This is when an individual or group is treated unequally because of their beliefs.
2. It has been a problem for a very long time, with disagreements lasting thousands of years.
3. Sometimes, people are stopped from entering public places, especially places of worship, because of their religion.
4. People from different religions often have conflicts because of their different rituals and ways of life. Both types of discrimination create barriers to equality and peace.
In simple words: Two types of discrimination are gender discrimination (treating boys and girls differently in jobs or education) and religious discrimination (treating people unfairly because of their beliefs). Both stop people from being equal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose two distinct types of discrimination, clearly define each, and provide relevant examples to illustrate how they manifest in society.

Question 3. Explain the solution to the removal of inequality and discrimination in Indian society.
Answer: To remove inequality and discrimination in Indian society, several measures can be taken:
1. Everyone should have better access to good quality services like healthcare and education.
2. People need to be aware of existing biases against different genders.
3. Women should be more visible and involved in public life and institutions to end gender inequality.
4. People should be open to learning about and understanding other religions.
5. Promoting shared meals in classrooms can help students sit together without thinking about caste, religion, or gender differences.
6. People should socialize and interact with all types of people outside their homes.
7. Laws aimed at preventing discrimination must be put into practice effectively. These steps can help build a more fair and equal society.
In simple words: To remove inequality, we need better education and healthcare for all, awareness about gender bias, more women in public roles, understanding other religions, shared meals in schools, mixing with all people, and strong laws against discrimination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Present solutions as clear, actionable points. Focus on areas like education, social awareness, legal enforcement, and cultural practices to show a comprehensive approach.

VI. Projects and Activities

• Split the class into small groups, discuss with your peer group on discrimination and write a report on it.
• Collect information about any two famous personalities who faced prejudice and discrimination.

VII. HOTS

Question 1. Various discrimination in India. Discuss.
Answer: India faces many types of inequalities that lead to discrimination. These include discrimination based on caste, religion, race, and gender. For example, treating people with darker skin differently from those with lighter skin is a form of discrimination. Giving more importance to people from higher castes than lower castes, or thinking boys are smarter than girls, are all examples of discriminatory thoughts. Article 15(1) of the Indian Constitution specifically prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, highlighting the legal framework against these issues. Overcoming these forms of discrimination is essential for a truly inclusive society.
In simple words: India has many types of discrimination like based on caste, religion, race, and gender. Thinking dark-skinned people are different or that boys are smarter than girls are examples. The Constitution's Article 15(1) stops the government from doing this.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing various discriminations, mention specific examples and, if relevant, refer to constitutional provisions that address them.

VIII. Life Skill

Question 1. How can you fight against prejudice and discrimination in your village?
Answer: To fight prejudice and discrimination in a village, you can:
1. Educate yourself and others about the harm caused by prejudice and discrimination.
2. Promote respectful conversations and understanding among different groups.
3. Stand up against unfair jokes or comments.
4. Lead by example by treating everyone with respect and kindness.
5. Encourage activities where people from different backgrounds can work together, like community projects or festivals.
6. Talk to local leaders or elders about promoting equality. By doing these things, you can help make your village a more accepting place for everyone.
In simple words: To fight prejudice in your village, learn and teach others about it, talk respectfully, stop unfair jokes, be a good example, encourage people to work together, and speak with leaders about equality.

🎯 Exam Tip: When suggesting actions, focus on practical and community-based strategies that encourage dialogue, education, and collective effort.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Achieving Equality Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. Apartheid was practiced in
(a) Germany
(b) Australia
(c) South Africa
(d) India
Answer: (c) South Africa
In simple words: Apartheid was a very unfair system where people were separated and treated differently based on their race. This system was practiced in South Africa for a long time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific country where significant historical events or systems like Apartheid took place, as this is a key factual detail.

Question 2. Viswanathan Anand was born in
(a) Chennai
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Thiruvananthapuram
(d) Vishakapatnam
Answer: (a) Chennai
In simple words: Viswanathan Anand, the famous chess player, was born in Chennai. Chennai is a major city in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the birthplaces of prominent figures, especially those from India, as this often appears in general knowledge questions.

Question 3. The chairman of the Drafting Committee of India's constituent Assembly was
(a) Nehru
(b) Dr. Ambedkar
(c) Mount Batten
(d) Dr. Abdul kalam
Answer: (b) Dr. Ambedkar
In simple words: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the main person leading the committee that wrote the Indian Constitution. His leadership was very important in shaping India's laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key figures and their roles in the formation of the Indian Constitution, as Dr. Ambedkar's role as chairman of the Drafting Committee is a fundamental fact.

Question 4. Apartheid, the racist policy was brought to an end by
(a) Martin Luther
(b) Nelson Mandela
(c) Mother Theresa
(d) Tagore
Answer: (b) Nelson Mandela
In simple words: Nelson Mandela was a very important leader who fought against Apartheid in South Africa. He helped end the unfair racist policy and brought equality to his country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate major historical movements with the key leaders who spearheaded them, such as Nelson Mandela with the anti-Apartheid movement.

Question 5. Mr. Viswanathan Anand won the World Junior Championship in
(a) Chess
(b) Carrom
(c) Cricket
(d) High jump
Answer: (a) Chess
In simple words: Viswanathan Anand won the World Junior Championship in Chess. This was an early big win in his amazing career as a chess player.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the specific sport or field of achievement for famous personalities, especially when multiple-choice options might try to mislead.

II. Answer the Following Questions

Question 1. Mention the types of prejudice
Answer: There are several types of prejudice that can exist in society:
1. Gender prejudice: Negative feelings or ideas about people based on their gender.
2. Racial prejudice: Unfair judgment or dislike of a person because of their race.
3. Class prejudice: Bias against people due to their social or economic status.
4. Disability prejudice: Negative attitudes or discrimination towards individuals with disabilities. These different types show how people can be judged unfairly on many grounds.
In simple words: Types of prejudice include judging people based on their gender, race, social class, or if they have a disability.

🎯 Exam Tip: List distinct types of prejudice and briefly define each to demonstrate a clear understanding of the concept.

Question 2. Name the books written by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.
Answer: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam wrote many inspiring books. The most famous among them are:
1. India 2020
2. Wings of Fire
3. Ignited Minds
4. The Luminous Sparks
5. Mission India. These books reflect his vision for India and his life's journey, making them important reads.
In simple words: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam wrote famous books like "India 2020", "Wings of Fire", "Ignited Minds", "The Luminous Sparks", and "Mission India".

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to list works by an author, try to recall the most significant and well-known titles to ensure a comprehensive answer.

Question 3. What is meant by constitution?
Answer: A constitution is a very important set of rules and guidelines that helps to run a country. It sets out the framework for how the government operates, how laws are made, and what rights the citizens have. It is like a rulebook that makes sure everyone follows the same principles and helps in administering a country fairly and effectively.
In simple words: A constitution is a rulebook for a country. It has laws and rules that tell how the government works and what rights people have.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define constitution by focusing on its key functions: providing rules, guiding administration, and outlining citizen rights.

Question 4. What does Article 15(1) of our constitution state about discrimination?
Answer: Article 15(1) of the Indian Constitution is very clear about discrimination. It states that the government cannot discriminate against any citizen based only on their religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. This article ensures that all individuals are treated equally and protects them from unfair treatment based on these specific grounds, upholding the principle of equality in the nation.
In simple words: Article 15(1) says that the government cannot treat anyone unfairly based on their religion, race, caste, gender, or where they were born.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining constitutional articles, quote or paraphrase the core principle accurately, and emphasize the protected categories.

Question 5. What does Article 14 of our constitution state about equality?
Answer: Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality to all people. It says that everyone is equal before the law and has equal protection of the laws within India. This means no person can be treated unreasonably differently from others by the law. It prohibits the state from making distinctions that are not fair or reasonable, ensuring everyone gets treated justly under the legal system.
In simple words: Article 14 of our constitution says that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law and should get equal protection under the law. It means no unfair treatment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish Article 14 by highlighting "equality before law" and "equal protection of laws," explaining that it applies to all persons in India.

III. Mind Map