Samacheer Kalvi Class 6 Social Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 2 Human Evolution

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. The process of evolution is ............
(a) direct
(b) indirect
(c) gradual
(d) fast
Answer: (c) gradual
In simple words: Evolution is a slow, step-by-step change that takes a very long time. It does not happen suddenly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that evolutionary changes occur over vast periods, emphasizing the 'gradual' nature rather than sudden shifts.

Question 2. Tanzania is situated in the continent of ________
(a) Asia
(b) Africa
(c) America
(d) Europe
Answer: (b) Africa
In simple words: Tanzania is a country found in Africa, known for its diverse wildlife and landscapes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the geographic locations of countries and their respective continents is crucial for general knowledge questions.

II. Match the Statement with the Reason. Tick the Appropriate Answer:

Question 1. Statement : Migration of man of different parts of the world resulted in changes of physic and colour Reason: Climatic changes.
(a) Statement is correct.
(b) Reason is wrong.
(c) Statement and Reason are correct.
(d) Statement and Reason are wrong.
Answer: (c) Statement and Reason are correct
In simple words: People's bodies and skin color changed because they moved to places with different weather and climates. This adaptation helped them survive in new environments.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching statements and reasons, always check if both parts are factually correct and if the reason directly explains the statement.

III. Find Out the Right Pair

Question. Find out the right pair
(a) Australopithecus – Walked on both legs
(b) Homo habilis – Upright man
(c) Homo erectus – Wise man
(d) Homo sapiens – Less protruding face
Answer: (c) Homo erectus – Wise man
In simple words: The correct pair given is Homo erectus, who are described as 'Wise man' in this context. Homo erectus were actually known for their upright posture, while Homo sapiens are typically called 'wise man'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the characteristics of different human ancestors to avoid common misconceptions in multiple-choice questions.

IV. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. ............... unearthed the footprints of humans in Tanzania.
Answer: Anthropologist.
In simple words: Anthropologists are scientists who study humans and their past. They help us understand ancient civilizations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the roles of different scientists, like anthropologists and archaeologists, in studying history.

Question 2. Millions of years ago, our ancestors led a .................... life.
Answer: Nomadic.
In simple words: Long ago, our ancestors moved around a lot, living a nomadic life to find food and shelter.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'nomadic' refers to a lifestyle of constant movement, usually in search of resources.

Question 3. The main occupations of the ancient humans were .................... and ................
Answer: hunting, gathering.
In simple words: Ancient humans mainly hunted animals and gathered plants for food to survive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always list the primary activities for survival when describing early human life.

Question 4. The invention of ............ made farming easier.
Answer: Plough.
In simple words: The plough made it simpler and faster to prepare fields for growing food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key inventions that revolutionized different aspects of human civilization, such as farming.

Question 5. Rock paintings are found at ............ in Nilgiris.
Answer: Porivarai cave.
In simple words: In Nilgiris, ancient rock paintings are found in a place called Porivarai cave.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific locations related to historical findings are often tested, so learn them accurately.

V. State True or False

Question 1. Anthropology is the study of coins.
Answer: False
In simple words: Anthropology studies humans, their cultures, and origins, not coins. The study of coins is numismatics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between different historical sciences, such as anthropology (study of humans) and numismatics (study of coins).

Question 2. Homo erectus (Java man) had the knowledge of fire.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that Homo erectus knew how to control and use fire, which was a major development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize key advancements made by different hominid species, such as the use of fire by Homo erectus.

Question 3. The first scientific invention of humans was wheel.
Answer: True
In simple words: The wheel was the first big scientific invention made by humans, revolutionizing transport and technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the significance of the wheel as one of humanity's earliest and most impactful inventions.

Question 4. Goat was the first animal to be domesticated by humans.
Answer: False
In simple words: It is false; dogs are generally considered the first animals domesticated by humans, followed by goats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the order of animal domestication, with dogs often being cited as the first.

VI. Answer in One Word

Question 1. What method is used to find out the age of the excavated materials?
Answer: Radio Carbon dating method.
In simple words: Radio Carbon dating method helps tell us how old ancient things, like bones and tools, are.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the scientific method used for dating ancient artifacts, as it's a fundamental concept in archaeology.

Question 2. What did early humans wear?
Answer: Hides of animals and barks of trees and leaves.
In simple words: Early humans wore animal skins, tree bark, and leaves for clothing to protect themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on natural resources used by early humans for their basic needs like clothing and shelter.

Question 3. Where did early humans live?
Answer: In caves.
In simple words: Early humans often lived in natural caves for protection from weather and wild animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Caves were essential shelters for prehistoric humans, providing safety and stable temperatures.

Question 4. Which animal was used for ploughing?
Answer: Oxen
In simple words: Oxen were used to pull ploughs in farming, helping early farmers prepare their fields.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify animals that were critical for agricultural development in ancient societies.

Question 5. When did humans settle in one place?
Answer: When people began to practice agriculture, life became an organised one. It made the people settle in one place.
In simple words: Humans settled in one place after they started farming and growing their own food, leading to a more organized life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the development of agriculture directly to the shift from nomadic to settled lifestyles.

VII. Answer the Following

Question 1. What is evolution?
Answer: Evolution is the process through which humankind changes and develops towards an advanced stage of life. This slow, natural process affects all living organisms over long periods.
In simple words: Evolution is how humans and other living things slowly change and become more developed over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define evolution as a gradual process of change and development, highlighting its long-term nature.

Question 2. Write any two characteristics of Homo sapiens,
Answer:
1. Homo sapiens were wise men.
2. They migrated out of Eastern Africa settled in different parts of the world.
3. Their lifestyle also evolved and they made it suitable to the environs in which they lived.
In simple words: Homo sapiens were intelligent and moved from Africa to live all over the world, adapting their lives to suit new places.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for specific characteristics, provide clear and distinct points related to their intelligence, migration, or adaptation.

Question 3. Why did humans move from place to place?
Answer: Humans kept on moving in search of food. They followed animal herds and searched for wild plants.
In simple words: Humans moved from place to place to find food, following animals to hunt and plants to gather.

🎯 Exam Tip: The primary reason for early human migration was the constant search for food and other vital resources.

Question 4. Describe the ancient methods of hunting,
Answer:
1. Collective hunting: Early humans went as a group and hunted the prey together.
2. They dug a pit and trapped the animals and hunted. This shows strategic planning.
In simple words: Old ways of hunting included groups working together and digging pits to trap animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight both cooperative hunting strategies and the use of simple tools or traps in describing ancient hunting methods.

Question 5. Why were axes made?
Answer: The axes were made to cut trees, remove barks, dig pits, hunt animals and remove the skin of animals. These were multi-purpose tools.
In simple words: Axes were used for cutting trees, digging, hunting, and skinning animals, showing their usefulness for many tasks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the versatility of early tools like axes, mentioning their various uses for survival.

Question 6. How would you define archaeology?
Answer:
1. Archaeology is the study of pre-historic humans.
2. Excavated material remains are the main source for archaeological studies. Archaeologists use these to understand past cultures.
In simple words: Archaeology is the study of very old humans by looking at the ancient things they left buried.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain archaeology as the study of past human life through physical remains, emphasizing the importance of excavated artifacts.

Question 7. What do you know about anthropology?
Answer: Anthropology is the study of humans and evolutionary history. It covers human societies, cultures, and physical development.
In simple words: Anthropology studies humans and how they have changed over time, including their cultures and societies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define anthropology broadly as the study of humankind in all its aspects, including evolution and culture.

VIII. HOTS

Question 1. Importance of invention of the wheel from the ancient period to the modern period
Answer:
1. Early homosapiens realised that round objects could be easily moved by rolling them.
2. Their descendants advanced this rolling technique into the transportation of large objects on cylindrical logs.
3. The invention of the wheel and axle allowed a rolling log to be placed through a hole in the wheel to create a cart. This revolutionized transport.
4. Chariot racing was influential in the evolution of the spoked wheel as it allowed chariots to move much faster.
5. The invention of air-filled rubber tyres allowed wheels to be much sturdier, and stronger. Modern vehicles rely on this advancement.
In simple words: The wheel was very important because it helped people move heavy things, create carts, and led to faster transport like chariots, eventually developing into modern tires.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the evolution of the wheel's importance by highlighting its progressive impact on transportation and technology from simple observation to complex applications.

IX. Activity (For Student)

Prepare an album collecting the pictures of ancient humans of different ages.

X. Answer Grid

Question 1. The invention of ............ made pot making it easier.
Answer: Wheel
In simple words: The wheel helped people make pots much more easily and uniformly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how the wheel was applied to various tasks beyond just transportation, such as pottery.

Question 2. Barter system means ............
Answer: Exchanging one thing for another.
In simple words: Barter system means trading things directly with other things, without using money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define the barter system as a non-monetary form of exchange.

Question 3. Name any two weapons used by early humans for hunting.
Answer: Stones, bones, and horns of animals.
In simple words: Early humans used stones, bones, and animal horns to hunt and protect themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: List common natural materials that early humans fashioned into weapons and tools.

Question 4. Which is the best stone for making weapons?
Answer: chikki-mukki-kal
In simple words: 'Chikki-mukki-kal' was the best stone used to make ancient weapons because it was hard and could be shaped.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific local terms for materials important to early human technology can be important to remember.

Question 5. Towns and cities emerged because ............ of ............ and ............
Answer: trade, commerce
In simple words: Towns and cities grew because people started trading and doing business more, needing central places to exchange goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that economic activities like trade and commerce were key drivers for the development of urban centers.

Question 6. Which was the first scientific invention of humans?
Answer: Wheel.
In simple words: The wheel was the first big scientific invention made by humans, showing their understanding of mechanics.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reiterate the wheel's status as a foundational scientific invention for human progress.

Question 7. Identify the pictures in rock paintings.
Answer: Hunting and dancing pictures
In simple words: Rock paintings often showed scenes of hunting and dancing, reflecting early human daily life and culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the common themes depicted in ancient rock art as sources of historical information.

Question 8. Which was the main occupation of early humans? What do cave paintings tell us?
Answer: Information about the past. Cave paintings serve as a visual record of ancient human life and activities.
In simple words: Cave paintings tell us facts about how people lived long ago, including their daily tasks and beliefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that cave paintings are vital primary sources that provide insights into early human history and culture.

Question 9. Where did the early humans live?
Answer: In caves.
In simple words: Early humans lived inside caves for shelter and protection.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the importance of caves as natural shelters for prehistoric populations.

Question 10. ............ is related to the field of archaeology.
Answer: Anthropology
In simple words: Anthropology is connected to archaeology because both study human history and cultures.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the interdisciplinary nature of historical studies, noting the close relationship between anthropology and archaeology.

Question 11. Name any two animals domesticated by an early humans
Answer: Dogs and Oxen
In simple words: Early humans tamed dogs for hunting and companionship, and oxen for farming work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key examples of early domesticated animals and their specific roles in human development.

XI. Life Skill (For Students)

• Make pots and tools by using clay.
• Collect different types of moving dolls and tell them to change the wheels with different shapes like square, triangle, etc., and find out how it moves.

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Human Evolution Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1. The word 'anthropology' is derived from two ............ words.
(a) Greek
(b) Latin
(c) Sanskrit
(d) Prakrit
Answer: (a) Greek
In simple words: The word anthropology comes from two Greek words: 'anthropos' (human) and 'logos' (study).

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the etymology (origin) of key terms can help in understanding their meaning and significance.

Question 2. Harpoons and spear throwers were used by _________
(a) Homo erectus
(b) Homo sapiens
(c) Cromagnons
(d) Homo habilis
Answer: (c) Cromagnons
In simple words: Cromagnons used harpoons and spear throwers as advanced hunting tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate specific tool advancements with the different groups of early humans.

II. Match the Statement with the Reason

Question 1. Statement: Early humans decided to use guns for hunting. Reason: It was difficult for them to kill big animals with a stick or stone.
(a) Both statement and reason are correct
(b) Both statement and reason are the wrong
(c) The statement is wrong and the reason is correct.
(d) Statement is correct and the reason is wrong.
Answer: (c) The statement is wrong and the reason is correct.
In simple words: Early humans did not use guns, but it was truly hard for them to hunt big animals with just sticks and stones, which led them to invent better tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between historical facts and later inventions; while the difficulty in hunting with simple tools is true, guns are a much more recent invention.

III. Find Out the Wrong Pair

Question. Find out the wrong pair
(a) Homo sapiens – Africa
(b) Homo habits – South Africa
(c) Homo erectus – Asia
(d) Cro-magnons – China
Answer: (d) Cro-magnons – China
In simple words: The pair "Cro-magnons – China" is wrong because Cro-magnons were early modern humans whose remains are mostly found in Europe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately connect different groups of early humans with their primary geographic origins or discovery sites.

IV. State True or False

Question 1. The Neanderthal people buried the dead.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that Neanderthals buried their dead, sometimes with rituals, showing complex behavior.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note behaviors that indicate cognitive development and cultural practices in early human species, such as burying the dead.

Question 2. During the prehistoric period, horses were used to draw carts. Homo sapiens were wise.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false because horses were not used for pulling carts in the very early prehistoric period, even though Homo sapiens were indeed intelligent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with combined statements; if any part of the statement is false, the whole statement is considered false. Also, distinguish between general knowledge about a species and specific technological advancements over time.

Question 3. Flintstones were easily available.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that flintstones were easy to find in many places, making them a common material for early tools.

🎯 Exam Tip: Availability of natural resources like flint greatly influenced the tools and technology of early humans.

Question 4. Coins made of iron were used by prehistoric people.
Answer: False
In simple words: It is false; prehistoric people did not use coins, as money systems developed much later than the prehistoric era.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the timeline of inventions; coins, especially metal ones, are a relatively recent development compared to prehistory.

V. Answer in Brief

Question 1. Write a short note on the mode of transport in 1850.
Answer:
1. There were no buses or cycles.
2. A cart pulled by mules and bullocks were seen on the roads. These animals provided essential power for transportation.
3. A horse-drawn cart was a rare occurrence.
In simple words: In 1850, people mostly used carts pulled by animals like mules and bullocks, and there were no buses or bicycles yet.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing transport in a specific period, focus on the dominant methods and mention what was absent compared to modern times.

Question 2. What is meant by the barter system?
Answer: The early men exchanged the surplus grains with other groups for the other things they were in need of. This is called the barter system. It is a direct exchange of goods or services.
In simple words: Barter system means exchanging things you have extra of for things you need, without using money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the barter system clearly as a direct exchange of goods and services without the use of currency.