Samacheer Kalvi Class 5 Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 3 Plants

Evaluation

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. Male reproductive organ of the flower is
(b) petal
(c) androecium
(d) gynoecium
Answer: (c) androecium
In simple words: The androecium is the male part of a flower, which makes pollen. It is important for the flower to reproduce.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember "androecium" sounds like "Andrew", a male name, to easily recall it as the male reproductive part.

 

Question 2. Pollination by wind is also known as __________
(a) anemophily
(b) hydrophily
(c) entamophily
(d) ornithophily
Answer: (a) anemophily
In simple words: When wind carries pollen from one flower to another, it's called anemophily. This method helps plants that don't need insects for pollination.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate 'anemo' with 'anemometer' (wind speed device) to remember wind pollination.

 

Question 3. Entamophily is known as __________
(a) pollination by insects
(b) pollination by wind
(c) pollination by water
(d) pollination by animal
Answer: (a) pollination by insects
In simple words: Entamophily means insects help move pollen. Many colorful flowers rely on bees and butterflies for this.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 'entamo' relates to insects, just like 'entomology' is the study of insects.

 

Question 4. Pollination by wind is also known as __________
(a) anemophily
(c) entamophily
(d) ornithophily
Answer: (a) anemophily
In simple words: Just like before, when wind moves pollen, we call it anemophily. It is a common way for some plants to spread their seeds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Many plants use wind pollination, especially those with small, light pollen grains.

 

Question 5. Pollination takes place by wind in __________
(a) grass
(b) Vallisneria
(c) hydrilla
(d) lotus
Answer: (a) grass
In simple words: Grass uses wind to spread its pollen. This is why grass flowers are often small and not brightly colored.

🎯 Exam Tip: Wind-pollinated plants often have simple flowers and produce lots of lightweight pollen.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

 

Question 1. Spreading of seeds from one place to another is known as __________
Answer: Dispersal of seeds
In simple words: Seeds move from their parent plant to new places. This is called dispersal, and it helps new plants grow far apart.

🎯 Exam Tip: Seed dispersal is vital for plants to reduce competition and find new suitable growing areas.

 

Question 2. Autochory is known as __________
Answer: Self dispersal method
In simple words: Autochory means a plant spreads its own seeds without help from outside. It's like the plant "throwing" its seeds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Self-dispersal mechanisms often involve explosive fruits or pods that burst open when mature.

 

Question 3. The seed is a fertilized __________
Answer: Ovule
In simple words: A seed starts as an ovule inside a flower. After fertilization, this ovule grows into a seed, which can then grow into a new plant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Fertilization is the key process that turns an ovule into a seed, ready for germination.

 

Question 4. Paddy grow well in soil __________
Answer: Clay
In simple words: Paddy plants need lots of water, and clay soil holds water very well. That's why paddy grows best in clay soil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clay soil's ability to retain water makes it ideal for crops like paddy that require constant moisture.

 

Question 5. The soil which contains a bigger sized particle is __________
Answer: Sandy soil
In simple words: Sandy soil has bigger grains that don't stick together much. This allows water to drain quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that sandy soil drains quickly because its larger particles create bigger spaces for water to pass through.

III. Match the Following:

 

Question 1. Match the following.
1. Earthworm
2. Birds
3. Coconut
4. Honeybee
5. Dragonfly
Answer:
1. Earthworm - Vermi-compost
2. Birds - Ornithophily
3. Coconut - Dispersal by water
4. Honeybee - Honey
5. Dragonfly - Destroys the egg and larva of mosquitoes
In simple words: Each item on the left is matched with its correct role or characteristic on the right. For example, earthworms help make vermi-compost, and birds are involved in a type of pollination called ornithophily.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, look for key terms and their definitions or associated functions to connect them correctly.

IV. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. What is pollination?
Answer: Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. This process is very important for plants to make seeds and reproduce. It often involves different agents like wind, water, or insects.
In simple words: Pollination is when pollen moves from one part of a flower to another, which helps the plant make new seeds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key terms to include are "pollen grains," "anther," and "stigma" to fully define pollination.

 

Question 2. What is germination of seed?
Answer: A seed is a fertilized ovule that contains an embryo and food materials, all protected by a seed coat. When conditions are right, such as enough warmth and moisture, the seed begins to grow. This process, where the seed sprouts and develops into a new seedling, is called germination. It's the beginning of a plant's life cycle.
In simple words: Germination is when a seed starts to grow into a new small plant after getting enough water and warmth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the key requirements for germination: suitable temperature, water, and sometimes light, to show a complete understanding.

 

Question 3. How soil is formed?
Answer: Soil is formed through a long process where large rocks break down into smaller pieces. This happens because of the action of wind, water, and changing weather conditions over many years. Tiny living things and decaying plant and animal matter also mix with these rock particles, forming a rich mixture called humus, which helps plants grow. The combination of rock particles and humus creates soil.
In simple words: Soil is made when rocks break into tiny bits over time, and these bits mix with dead plants and animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing soil formation, remember to include both physical weathering (wind, water, climate) and the addition of organic matter (humus).

 

Question 4. What is vermicompost?
Answer: Vermicompost is a special type of nutrient-rich fertilizer made from bio-degradable waste materials. Earthworms play a very important role in this process; they eat the waste and then excrete it, turning it into valuable compost. This compost is excellent for gardening and farming, as it makes soil healthier.
In simple words: Vermicompost is a very good fertilizer made by earthworms eating and breaking down organic waste.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key to vermicompost is "earthworms" and "decomposing biodegradable waste" into nutrient-rich soil enhancer.

 

Question 5. How the seeds are spread by water?
Answer: Many fruits that spread by water have special outer coverings that help them float easily. For example, the mesocarp (middle layer) of a coconut is very fibrous and light. This allows the coconut to be carried long distances across water bodies like oceans. When these floating seeds eventually reach new land, they can sprout and grow into new plants, helping the species spread widely.
In simple words: Seeds spread by water have special parts, like the coconut's fibrous middle, that let them float to new places.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the structural adaptations of seeds (like fibrous coats or air pockets) that allow them to be buoyant for water dispersal.

V. Answer in Detail:

 

Question 1. Write a note on parts of Plants.
Answer: A plant is made up of many different parts, each with its own job. The three main parts are the roots, the leaves, and the stem. Each part works together to keep the plant healthy and alive.

• The roots grow underground and absorb water and minerals from the soil. They also help to hold the plant firmly in the ground, preventing it from falling over.
• The stem supports the plant above the ground and carries water and minerals from the roots up to the leaves, and food made in the leaves to other parts.
• The leaves are usually green and flat. They collect energy from the sun and use it to make food for the plant through a process called photosynthesis.

These parts work together like a team to ensure the plant grows and survives.
In simple words: Plants have main parts like roots (for water), a stem (for support), and leaves (for making food), all working together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list and describe the main functions of roots, stem, and leaves, mentioning how they contribute to the plant's survival.

 

Question 2. Explain the methods of pollination.
Answer: Pollination is how pollen moves from one flower to another, helping plants make new seeds. There are several ways this happens:

• Pollination by Wind (Anemophily): Flowers that rely on wind are usually small and don't have bright colors, strong smells, or nectar to attract animals. Their pollen grains are very light, dry, and not sticky, so the wind can easily carry them long distances. Grasses, maize, and pine trees are good examples.
• Pollination by Water (Hydrophily): Water plants sometimes use water to move their pollen. These flowers are not colorful and also don't produce nectar. Their pollen grains have a special coating that protects them from getting wet. The pollen floats on water and reaches other plants. Vallisneria, Hydrilla, and Zosteria are examples.
• Pollination by Insects (Entamophily): This is a very common way plants get pollinated. Flowers that use insects like sunflowers, ladies' fingers, brinjal, and pumpkins are often large, colorful, and have a sweet smell. Many of them produce nectar, which attracts insects like butterflies and honeybees, who then carry pollen as they visit flowers.

Each method is a unique adaptation for different plant types and environments.
In simple words: Pollination happens by wind (anemophily), water (hydrophily), or insects (entamophily), each with special ways to move pollen.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each pollination method, describe specific flower characteristics and pollen adaptations that suit that particular agent.

 

Question 3. Draw the picture of a flower and label the parts.
Answer:A flower is the part of a plant responsible for reproduction. It contains various labeled parts, including petals, sepals, stamens (made of anther and filament), and carpels (which include stigma, style, and ovary containing ovules). Each part has a specific function in the process of creating seeds.
In simple words: This picture shows the different parts of a flower, like petals, stamens (male part), and carpels (female part), each doing its own job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice drawing the basic structure of a flower and accurately labeling the male (stamen: anther, filament) and female (carpel: stigma, style, ovary, ovules) parts.

Activity:

 

Question 1. Classify the plants based on the pollination methods. Vallisneria, Hydrilla, Sunflower, Grass, Brinjal, Maize, Pumpkin.
Answer:

This table shows how different plants use various methods to get pollinated. Hydrophily uses water, entomophily uses insects, and anemophily uses wind. Understanding these classifications helps us appreciate the diversity in plant reproduction.
In simple words: Plants are grouped by how their pollen moves: by water, by insects, or by wind.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice categorizing plants based on their pollination methods and remember key examples for each type.

Samacheer Kalvi 5th Science Guide Plants Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. Kurinji or Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthianu) blossoms once in __________ years.
(a) 12
(b) 13
(c) 14
(d) 15
Answer: (a) 12
In simple words: The Kurinji flower, also called Neelakurinji, blooms only once every 12 years. This makes it a very special event when it flowers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Unique plant facts like the blooming period of Neelakurinji are often asked, so remember this specific number.

 

Question 2. __________ is the outer part of the flower.
(a) Sepal
(b) Petal
(c) Androecium
(d) Gynoecium
Answer: (a) Sepal
In simple words: The sepal is the green, leaf-like part that protects the flower bud before it opens. It is the outermost part.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of the sepals as the protective "jacket" for the developing flower bud.

 

Question 3. Dicotyledons have seeds with __________ cotyledons.
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
Answer: (b) two
In simple words: Dicotyledons are a type of plant whose seeds have two parts that store food, called cotyledons. This is why they are called "di" (meaning two) cotyledons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember "di-" means two, helping you recall that dicotyledons have two cotyledons, which distinguishes them from monocotyledons.

 

Question 4. The example for Self Dispersal Method is __________
(a) Ladies finger
(b) Coconut
(c) Lotus
(d) Tomato
Answer: (a) Ladies finger
In simple words: Ladies' finger (okra) pods burst open when dry, scattering their seeds by themselves. This is an example of self-dispersal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Self-dispersal often involves fruits that explode or split open to release seeds without external help.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

 

Question 1. Fruit bats, hummingbirds and ants may also act as __________ agents.
Answer: Pollinating
In simple words: Many animals like fruit bats, hummingbirds, and even ants help flowers by moving pollen. They are called pollinating agents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Beyond common insects, remember that various animals, including some mammals and birds, can act as pollinators.

 

Question 2. The zygote develops into an __________ .
Answer: Embryo
In simple words: After fertilization, the zygote is the first cell of a new organism. It then grows and changes to become an embryo, which is a tiny baby plant inside the seed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the sequence: egg + sperm = zygote, which then develops into an embryo.

 

Question 3. The sweet substance made by bees is called __________ .
Answer: Honey
In simple words: Bees make honey from flower nectar. It is a sweet, thick liquid that bees store for food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Honey is a natural product known for its sweetness and medicinal uses, made by bees from nectar.

 

Question 4. The __________ of coconut is fibrous and is easily carried away by water.
Answer: Mesocarp
In simple words: The mesocarp is the middle, fibrous layer of a coconut. This part helps the coconut float on water and travel to new places.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific part of the coconut (mesocarp) and its function (fibrous for flotation) is important for water dispersal questions.

 

Question 5. The purplish-blue flowers of __________ blossoms once in 12 years.
Answer: Neelakurinji
In simple words: The special flower called Neelakurinji only blooms every 12 years, making its purplish-blue display a rare sight.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests recall of specific plant names and their unique characteristics, like the rare blooming cycle of Neelakurinji.

III. Match the Following:

 

Question 1. Match the following.
1. Pollination by Wind
2. Pollination by Water
3. Pollination by Insects
4. Pollination by Birds
Answer:
1. Pollination by Wind - Anemophily
2. Pollination by Water - Hydrophily
3. Pollination by Insects - Entomophily
4. Pollination by Birds - Ornithophily
In simple words: This match correctly pairs the method of pollination with its scientific term. For example, wind pollination is called anemophily.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the Greek roots: 'anemo' (wind), 'hydro' (water), 'entomo' (insect), and 'ornitho' (bird) to easily remember these terms.

 

Question 2. Match the following dispersal methods.
1. Dispersal by Wind
2. Dispersal by Water
3. Dispersal by Animals
4. Dispersal by Birds
5. Self Dispersal Method
Answer:
1. Dispersal by Wind - Anemochory
2. Dispersal by Water - Hydrochory
3. Dispersal by Animals - Zoochory
4. Dispersal by Birds - Ornithochory
5. Self Dispersal Method - Autochory
In simple words: This match connects how seeds are spread with their scientific names. For instance, seeds spread by animals are called zoochory.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the suffixes: '-chory' refers to dispersal, similar to '-phily' for pollination. Mastering these terms shows a strong grasp of plant biology.

IV. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. what are the kinds of reproduction?
Answer: Plants reproduce in two main ways: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, new plants can grow from parts of a single parent plant, like roots, leaves, stems, or buds, without needing seeds. On the other hand, sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female cells, typically leading to the formation of seeds from which new plants grow. Both methods allow plants to multiply and spread.
In simple words: Plants can make new plants in two ways: sexual reproduction (using seeds) and asexual reproduction (using parts like roots or stems).

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, clearly state that asexual reproduction involves a single parent and no seeds, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and seeds.

 

Question 2. Differentiate between unisexual and bisexual flowers.
Answer: Flowers are categorized based on whether they have male, female, or both reproductive parts:

• Unisexual Flowers: These flowers contain either the male reproductive part (androecium) OR the female reproductive part (gynoecium), but not both. Examples include corn, papaya, and cucumber flowers. They rely on other flowers for complete reproduction.
• Bisexual Flowers: These flowers have both the male reproductive part (androecium) AND the female reproductive part (gynoecium) within the same flower. Examples are mustard and rose flowers. They can self-pollinate or be cross-pollinated.

This difference affects how they are pollinated and how they form seeds.
In simple words: Unisexual flowers have only male or only female parts, while bisexual flowers have both male and female parts in one flower.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the presence or absence of androecium and gynoecium for each type, and provide two distinct examples for each.

 

Question 3. Tabulate the names of the pigment present in petals.
Answer:

These pigments are responsible for the wide range of beautiful colors we see in flower petals, attracting pollinators. For example, chlorophyll is also present in leaves, giving them their green color.
In simple words: Different colors in flower petals come from special pigments: anthocyanin makes red/blue, carotenoids make yellow/orange, and chlorophyll makes green.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember anthocyanin for purples/reds, carotenoids for yellows/oranges, and chlorophyll for green as the primary pigments in petals.

 

Question 4. What is called fertilization?
Answer: Fertilization in plants is the crucial process where the male gametes, carried by pollen grains, fuse with the female gametes, which are located in the stigma and ovary. This fusion creates a new cell called a zygote. This zygote then undergoes further development and grows into an embryo, which is the tiny new plant found inside a seed. This process is essential for sexual reproduction in plants, ensuring genetic diversity.
In simple words: Fertilization is when the male part of a flower joins with the female part, making a new cell called a zygote that grows into a baby plant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key terms for fertilization include "fusion," "male and female gametes" (pollen grains and stigma/ovary), "zygote," and "embryo."

 

Question 5. Draw a neat diagram of seed.
Answer:A seed is a protective package for a young plant embryo. It typically consists of a seed coat that protects the inner parts, cotyledons which store food for the embryo, and the embryo itself, which has tiny embryonic leaves, a shoot, and a root. This structure allows the plant to survive until conditions are right for growth.
In simple words: This picture shows the inside of a seed with its protective coat, food storage parts (cotyledons), and the tiny baby plant (embryo).

🎯 Exam Tip: When drawing a seed, clearly distinguish between the protective seed coat, the food-storing cotyledons, and the different parts of the embryo (radicle, plumule).

 

Question 6. Label the parts.
Answer:This diagram shows the internal structure of a grain or seed, likely a monocot. Key labeled parts include the outer fruit tissue and seed coat, the endosperm which provides food, and the embryo itself. The embryo consists of a cotyledon, an embryonic leaf, sheath, shoot, and root, all essential for the growth of a new plant. Each part has a role in protecting the new plant and providing it with food.
In simple words: This picture shows the inside of a grain, labeling parts like the seed coat, the food part (endosperm), and the tiny new plant parts (embryo, shoot, root).

🎯 Exam Tip: For diagrams of seeds or grains, ensure you can identify and label the protective layers, food storage parts, and the embryonic structures accurately.

 

Question 7. Draw a life cycle of flowering plants.
Answer:The life cycle of a flowering plant starts with a seed, which, under good conditions, grows into a young plant. This young plant then develops into a mature plant, which produces flowers. These flowers get pollinated and then develop into fruits. Inside the fruits are seeds, and the cycle begins again. Each stage is important for the plant to reproduce and continue its species.
In simple words: A plant's life goes from seed to young plant, then mature plant, which makes flowers. Flowers turn into fruits, and inside the fruits are new seeds to start the cycle again.

🎯 Exam Tip: When illustrating a life cycle, ensure the stages are shown in the correct sequence with clear arrows indicating the flow from one stage to the next.

 

Question 8. How the seeds are spread by Wind?
Answer: Seeds that are spread by wind are usually small, very light, and often have special structures to help them fly. Some have fine hairs, like dandelion seeds, which act like parachutes, allowing them to float on air currents over long distances. Others might have thin, wing-like parts, such as the seeds of drumstick or cottonseed, which help them glide. These adaptations make it easy for the wind to carry them far away from the parent plant, helping the plant species spread widely.
In simple words: Wind carries tiny, light seeds that have hairs or wings to help them float far away from the parent plant.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the characteristics of wind-dispersed seeds: small size, lightweight, and adaptations like wings or hairs that aid in aerodynamic flight.

 

Question 9. Write a short note on Zoochory.
Answer: Zoochory is the process where animals help to spread plant seeds. Many fruits have hooks, spines, stiff hairs, or sticky surfaces on their outer coats. These features allow the fruits or seeds to attach to the fur or skin of passing animals. The animals then carry these seeds to different places, sometimes very far away, before the seeds eventually fall off or are deposited. Examples include Xanthium and Achyranthus. This method is very effective for plants to colonize new areas.
In simple words: Zoochory is when animals carry seeds to new places, often by the seeds sticking to their fur or being eaten and then passed out.

🎯 Exam Tip: For zoochory, remember two main mechanisms: external attachment (hooks/spines) and internal dispersal (seeds eaten and excreted).

 

Question 10. Who are the friends of Farmer?
Answer: Farmers have many natural helpers in their fields. Earthworms are great friends because they dig tunnels in the soil, making it loose and airy, which helps plant roots grow. Honeybees are crucial for pollinating crops, helping them produce fruits and seeds. Dragonflies are also helpful as they eat harmful insects like mosquitoes, which can be pests in farms. All these organisms play an important role in a healthy farm ecosystem.
In simple words: Earthworms, honeybees, and dragonflies are farmers' friends because they help the soil, pollinate plants, and eat harmful insects.

🎯 Exam Tip: List key organisms and briefly explain their beneficial roles to agriculture (e.g., earthworms for soil aeration, bees for pollination, dragonflies for pest control).

V. Answer In Detail:

 

Question 1. Write a note on parts of Flower.
Answer: A flower is the reproductive part of a plant and is like a special shoot that has changed its form. Flowers have four main parts:

• Sepal: This is the outer covering of the flower. It is usually small and green, and its job is to protect the flower bud when it is young.
• Petal: These are often brightly colored and help to attract insects, which are important for pollination.
• Androecium: This is the male part of the flower. It is made up of many stamens. Each stamen has a thin stalk called a filament and a small bag at the top called the anther. The anther is where pollen grains, the male reproductive cells, are made.
• Gynoecium: This is the female part of the flower. It has three main parts: the ovary, the style, and the stigma. The ovary holds the ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization.

Each part plays a crucial role in the flower's life cycle and reproduction.
In simple words: Flowers are how plants reproduce. They have four main parts: sepals (green outer leaves), petals (colorful parts that attract insects), androecium (male part with pollen), and gynoecium (female part with ovules that become seeds).

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing flower parts, remember to explain both their appearance and their function clearly for full marks.

 

Question 2. Draw a diagram of a leaf and label the parts.
Answer:This diagram shows the main parts of a typical plant leaf. The broad, flat part is called the lamina, which helps in capturing sunlight. The petiole is the stalk that joins the leaf to the stem. The midrib runs through the center, with smaller veins branching out to carry water and food. The margin is the edge of the leaf, and the tip is the topmost point. Understanding these parts helps us see how leaves are designed for photosynthesis.
In simple words: A leaf has a flat part called the lamina and a stalk called the petiole. The midrib and veins form a network inside. The tip is the end, and the margin is the edge.

🎯 Exam Tip: When drawing diagrams, ensure all parts are clearly labeled with straight lines and legible text. Focus on accuracy and neatness.

 

Question 3. Explain the types of Soils.
Answer: There are three main types of soil, each with different properties:

• Sandy soil: This soil has many large particles that do not fit closely together. Water can easily drain through the large spaces between the sand particles. Because of this, sandy soils are light, let air pass through well, and dry out quickly.
• Clay soil: This type of soil has a lot of very fine particles that are packed tightly. This leaves very little space for air. Clay soil can hold a lot of water in its tiny gaps. Plants like paddy (rice) grow very well in clay soil because of its water retention.
• Loamy soil: This is considered the best topsoil for growing plants. It has a good balance of large and fine particles. Loam is a mix of sand, clay, and another soil particle called silt. Silt is often found as deposits in riverbeds. Loamy soil has the right amount of water-holding capacity needed for plants to grow. Crops like wheat, gram, and paddy thrive in loamy soil.

Understanding soil types helps farmers choose the right crops for their land and manage water efficiently.
In simple words: There are three main types of soil. Sandy soil has big particles, drains water fast, and is dry. Clay soil has tiny particles, holds lots of water, and is good for paddy. Loamy soil is a mix of both, holds enough water, and is best for most crops like wheat.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining soil types, remember to mention particle size, water retention, aeration, and suitable crops for each type.