Samacheer Kalvi Class 12 Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 10 Introduction to Computer Networks

Part I

 

Question 1. A set of computers connecting together is called as ..................
(a) Network
(b) Server
(c) Hub
(d) Node
Answer: (a) Network
In simple words: When many computers join together to share things like files or printers, this connection is known as a network. It allows them to talk to each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a network's main purpose is to enable communication and resource sharing among devices.

 

Question 2. Computer network devices that originate, route and terminate data are called as
(a) Hub
(b) Resource
(c) Node
(d) Cable
Answer: (c) Node
In simple words: A node is any device connected to a network that can send, receive, or forward data. Each device on a network is like a stopping point for information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between devices that *connect* (like hubs or cables) and devices that *process* or *are endpoints* for data (nodes).

 

Question 3. Match the period and methods available on the history of computer networking on the Internet
a) 1950 – X.25 TCP/IP
b) 1966 – SAGE
c) 1976 – WAN
d) 1972 – ARCNET
(b) 3421
(c) 1234
(d) 2341
(e) 4123
Answer: (e) 4123
In simple words: This question tests your knowledge of key milestones in networking history. You need to remember which technology was introduced in which year to correctly match them.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, eliminate the options you know first, then use the remaining ones to deduce the correct sequence.

 

Question 4. Western Electric introduced the first widely used..................... that implemented true computer control.
(a) Packet switch
(b) Arpanet
(c) Host
(d) Telephone switch
Answer: (d) Telephone switch
In simple words: Western Electric was the first to use telephone switches that computers could control well. This was an early step towards modern computer networks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on keywords like "first widely used" and "true computer control" to identify the correct historical innovation.

 

Question 5. Wi-Fi is short name for
(a) Wireless Fidelity
(b) Wired fidelity
(c) Wired fiber optic
(d) Wireless fiber optic
Answer: (a) Wireless Fidelity
In simple words: Wi-Fi is a common way to connect to the internet without cables. Its full name means "wireless faithfulness" to the signal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember common abbreviations in computer science; they often stand for important concepts.

 

Question 6. People everywhere can express and publish their ideas and opinions via
(b) blogging
(c) Server
(d) Node
Answer: (b) blogging
In simple words: Blogging allows anyone to write and share their thoughts, feelings, or information with a worldwide audience. It's a popular way to publish content online.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the primary function of each option; blogging is designed specifically for public expression and publishing.

 

Question 7. Which one of the following periods, the speed capacity supported towards gigabit on a computer network?
(a) SABRE
(b) SAGE
(c) NEW FIBRE OPTICS
(d) ARCNET
Answer: (c) NEW FIBRE OPTICS
In simple words: New Fibre Optics brought much faster internet speeds, reaching gigabits per second. This technology uses light to send data very quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate technology names to their primary advancements; "fibre optics" strongly suggests high-speed data transmission.

 

Question 8. One among them was challenging to business people on computer networking
(a) Hacking
(b) Viruses
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of the options
Answer: (c) Both a & b
In simple words: Both hacking and computer viruses pose big problems for businesses using computer networks. They can cause loss of data and money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about the common threats to computer systems; hacking and viruses are two of the most significant and related challenges.

 

Question 9. ........................ able to predict, manage, and protect the computer network at Internet
(b) Broadband provider
(c) Cloud computing
(d) Transceivers
Answer: (a) Artificial intelligence
In simple words: Artificial intelligence helps to forecast problems, control, and secure computer networks on the internet. It can learn from data to make networks safer and more efficient.

🎯 Exam Tip: The ability to "predict, manage, and protect" strongly indicates a system with learning and decision-making capabilities, characteristic of AI.

 

Question 10. ......................... use less power compared with single transmitter or satellite often cell towers nearer
(a) Mobile devices
(b) Transistors
(c) WIFI
(d) Communication
Answer: (a) Mobile devices
In simple words: Mobile devices use less power when they are close to cell towers or Wi-Fi. This helps their batteries last longer than if they relied on distant transmitters.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the power consumption needs of portable electronics and how proximity to signal sources affects them.

 

Question 11. People nowadays getting relaxed via
(a) Business
(b) Corporate company
(c) Newspapers
(d) Social media
Answer: (d) Social media
In simple words: Many people today find relaxation by using social media platforms. These platforms offer entertainment, news, and connections with friends and family.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about common modern ways people unwind and connect in daily life; social media is a prevalent option.

 

Question 12. Which one of the following is not the social media
(a) Gmail
(c) Twitter
(d) Linkedin
Answer: (a) Gmail
In simple words: Gmail is an email service, not a social media platform. Social media platforms like Twitter and LinkedIn are for sharing information and connecting with others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core function of each application; Gmail is for private communication, not public social networking.

 

Question 13. Facebook was created at ..........................year
(a) 2002
(b) 2004
(c) 2013
(d) 2010
Answer: (b) 2004
In simple words: Facebook, a very popular social networking site, was first launched in the year 2004. It quickly grew into a worldwide platform.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing key dates for major technological advancements can be important for general knowledge questions.

 

Question 14. In a mobile network, coverage were distributed as
(a) Firmware
(b) cells
(c) Range
(d) Service
Answer: (b) cells
In simple words: Mobile network coverage is spread out by using "cells," which are small areas served by a single base station. When you move, your phone switches between these cells.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the term "cellular network"; the name itself indicates that coverage is divided into cells.

 

Question 15. Which one was harmful to the computer
(a) Bloggers
(b) Browser
(c) Hackers
Answer: (c) Hackers
In simple words: Hackers are people who try to break into computer systems without permission, often causing harm or stealing information. They pose a security risk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the roles of different actors in the digital world; hackers intentionally seek to exploit vulnerabilities.

 

Question 16. Which innovation made people use the Internet?
(a) Social web
(b) Mobile technology
(c) Mobile App
(d) Both a & b.
Answer: (d) Both a & b.
In simple words: Both the social web (like social media) and mobile technology (smartphones) greatly increased how much people use the Internet. These innovations made the Internet more accessible and engaging for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider how broad categories of innovation combine to impact user adoption of technologies like the Internet.

Short Answers

 

Question 1. Define Computer Network.
Answer: A computer network is a group of connected computers that share resources. This connection allows them to work together and share information. For example, many computers can use the same printer or access files from a central server.
In simple words: A computer network is when computers are linked up to share things like files and printers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining "computer network," always mention both "connected computers" and "sharing resources" as key elements.

 

Question 2. Define Internet
Answer: The Internet is a huge global network made up of private, public, business, academic, and government networks. These networks are all linked together using various technologies like cables, wireless connections, and fiber-optics. It's like a giant web connecting everyone. The Internet enables worldwide communication and information sharing.
In simple words: The Internet is a very big network that connects computers all over the world, letting people share information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize "global network" and "interconnection" when describing the Internet, along with its diverse users and technologies.

 

Question 3. What are the common uses of Computer Network?
Answer: The common uses of a computer network are:
1. Communication
2. Resource sharing
3. Data (or) software sharing
4. Money-saving
Computer networks make it easier and faster to do all these things, helping people and businesses work more efficiently.
In simple words: Computer networks are used for talking to each other, sharing things like printers, sharing files and programs, and saving money.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the uses clearly and concisely, focusing on practical benefits like efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

 

Question 4. List out some features of Mobile Network.
Answer: Some features of a mobile network are:
• Less consumption of power: Mobile networks are designed to use less electricity, which helps phone batteries last longer.
• Huge capacity than a large transmitter, at single frequency: They can handle a lot more connections than older, big transmitters using just one signal type.
• Covering large area than a single transmitter: Mobile networks can spread their signal over a much wider area compared to just one big signal tower. This allows for wider access.
In simple words: Mobile networks use less power, can handle many connections, and cover large areas more effectively than older systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on distinguishing features that highlight the advantages of mobile networks, such as power efficiency and wide coverage.

 

Question 5. Difference between wired and wireless networks.
Answer:

Wired networks use physical cables for connection, offering stable and fast connections, while wireless networks use radio waves, providing flexibility and mobility. Both types are essential for different needs in computing today.
In simple words: Wired networks use cables, and wireless networks do not. Wired is usually faster and more stable, while wireless gives you freedom to move around.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing, always highlight the presence/absence of cables and provide relevant examples for each type of network.

Part III

Explain in Brief Answer

 

Question 1. Define ARPANET.
Answer: ARPANET was one of the first computer networks, started in 1969. It first connected four universities: the University of California at Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute, and the University of Utah, using 50 Kbit/s circuits. This network was based on the idea of packet-switched networks, a theoretical work by Leonard Kleinrock. His work, along with Farouk Kamoun's later contributions on hierarchical routing in the 1970s, was vital for developing ARPANET and laid the foundation for today's Internet.
In simple words: ARPANET was an early computer network from 1969 that connected universities. Its ideas helped create the internet we use now.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize ARPANET's role as a *precursor to the Internet* and its connection to *packet switching* and early university connections.

 

Question 2. What is the use of cloud storage and cloud computing?
Answer: Cloud storage and cloud computing have several uses:
Cloud storage:
• It is storage for data available online, so you can access it from anywhere without geographical limits. This means your data is always reachable.
• Cloud storage gives users quick access to many resources right when they need them.
Cloud computing:
• This means computer resources are available on demand. You can use them whenever you want.
• It especially provides data storage and computing power without you needing to directly manage the computer systems yourself. This makes technology easier to use.
In simple words: Cloud storage lets you save files online and get them anywhere. Cloud computing gives you computer power and storage over the internet without needing to own all the equipment yourself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly separate the definitions and benefits of cloud storage (data availability) and cloud computing (on-demand resources and power).

 

Question 3. What is mean by Artificial Intelligence?
Answer: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to systems that can do tasks that normally need human intelligence. For computer networks, AI is very useful:
1. AI can predict network traffic better by collecting and analyzing data in real-time. This helps managers prepare for busy times like major events such as the World Cup or Olympics, which often put a lot of stress on the Internet.
2. Networks are now watched by clever algorithms that can spot unusual traffic or activity. This helps identify things like Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks and hacking attempts.
3. These AI-powered algorithms in networks are constantly learning and becoming smarter. They can find faster and more reliable ways to predict threats and clean up networks. AI is changing how we manage and protect our digital world.
In simple words: Artificial intelligence in networks helps to guess traffic, find problems like hacks, and keep the network safe and clean by learning and getting smarter.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining AI in networking, focus on its practical benefits like prediction, detection of anomalies, and continuous improvement in managing network security and efficiency.

 

Question 4. List out some usefulness of Social Network.
Answer: Social networks offer several useful features:
• Group information sharing over long distances: People can easily share news and updates with groups, even if they are far apart.
• Broadcast announcements: Important messages can be sent out to many people at once, like public announcements.
• Fostering diversity of thought: While some people think social networks create echo chambers, they can also connect diverse groups and encourage different ideas. Social media platforms can bring people with varied backgrounds and thoughts together, sparking new perspectives.
In simple words: Social networks help us share information with groups, make announcements to many people, and allow for different ideas to be shared.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how social networks facilitate communication, information dissemination, and interaction, covering both individual and group benefits.

 

Question 5. How Computer Networks save money saving?
Answer: Computer networks help save money for organizations in several ways:
Money-saving: Using computer networking is financially important for an organization because it significantly cuts costs. It reduces the need for physical paperwork, lessens the amount of manpower required, and saves a lot of time. For example, instead of printing and mailing documents, they can be shared instantly over a network. This makes operations more efficient and less expensive.
In simple words: Computer networks save money by cutting down on paper, needing fewer workers, and saving time because information moves faster.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing cost savings, highlight the efficiency gains that reduce expenditure on resources, labor, and time.

Explain in Detail

 

Question 1. Define computer networking and Internet. Explain different developments on computer network and Internet.
Answer:
Computer networking:
Computer networking is a method where digital telecommunications networks allow computers, called nodes, to share their resources. This sharing of data happens through either wired or wireless connections between these nodes. For example, computers in an office can share a single printer, saving costs and improving efficiency.
Internet:
The Internet is a vast network of global connections that links private, public, business, academic, and government networks. It uses guided (like fiber-optic cables) and wireless technologies to connect users worldwide. The Internet is a powerful tool for information sharing and communication, constantly growing and evolving.
Computer networks and its development:

The evolution of computer networks, from early radar systems to modern fiber optics, shows a constant drive for faster and more reliable communication, leading to the interconnected world we know today.
In simple words: Computer networking means connecting computers to share things. The Internet is a huge global network. Over time, networks grew from military systems to fast fiber optics, making the world more connected.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed questions, break down your answer into clear sections: definition of key terms, and a chronological table for developments with brief descriptions.

 

Question 2. Explain the growth of computer networking,
Answer: The growth of computer networking has been driven by several key factors:
Growth on the popularity of cloud storage and cloud computing:
The increasing popularity of cloud storage and cloud computing has made people buy fewer physical copies of games, music, and movies. Instead, they are downloading or streaming digital content via the Internet more and more. This shift highlights how crucial strong networks are for accessing online resources.
Developments on mobile network infrastructure- both deployments of 4G and 3G networks (older) that have allow the people in their developed areas who can allow it to their smart mobile phones as video broadcasting system and as mobile television.
3G and 4G:
Advances in mobile network infrastructure, like the rollout of 3G and 4G networks, have allowed people in developed areas to use their smartphones for video broadcasting and mobile television. These networks made mobile internet faster and more reliable, changing how people consume media on the go.
4G LTE:
Even though 4G LTE mobile network has not reached many parts of the world, the telecommunications industry has been working hard on developing its next generation. This continuous effort shows the demand for even faster and more widespread mobile internet.
5G:
• 5G is a new cellular communication technology designed to dramatically boost the speed of mobile connections. It aims to meet the high demand from customers for faster mobile internet.
• This technology is being tested in labs, and prototype versions are already available. Consumers are very interested in the promise of wider signal coverage that 5G offers. 5G represents the future of high-speed mobile connectivity.
Artificial intelligence:
• Artificial intelligence will help to maintain, manage, and protect computer networks. AI makes networks smarter and more secure.
• It can also better predict network traffic because it collects and analyzes data in real-time. This means network managers can be better prepared for big events like the World Cup, Olympics, or Valentine's Day, which often put networks under heavy load. AI helps prevent slowdowns and issues.
The rise of cloud services, mobile internet, and artificial intelligence has significantly shaped the growth and capabilities of modern computer networking.
In simple words: Computer networking grew a lot because of cloud services, faster mobile networks like 3G, 4G, and 5G, and the use of artificial intelligence. These changes made it easier to get online and use new technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by clearly identifying the key drivers of growth (e.g., cloud, mobile, AI) and explaining the contribution of each in separate paragraphs.

 

Part A

 

Choose the Correct Answers:

 

Question 1. .................... Method was used at the U.S Military Radar system.
(a) SABRE
(b) ARPANET
(c) SAGE
(d) Networking
Answer: (c) SAGE
In simple words: SAGE was a method used in the U.S. Military Radar system. It helped manage large radar networks efficiently.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key historical events and their associated technologies in computer networking for questions like this.

 

Question 2. Which one of the following resources cannot be shared?
(a) printer
(c) speakers
(d) monitor
Answer: (d) monitor
In simple words: You can share devices like printers and speakers over a network, but a monitor is typically a display device connected directly to a computer and isn't shared in the same way as a network resource.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between shared network resources (like printers or files) and local output devices (like monitors) that display information from a single computer.

 

Question 3. Packet Switching was invented in the year............................
(a) 1964
(b) 1958
(c) 1988
(d) 1991
Answer: (a) 1964
In simple words: Packet switching, a key technology for how the internet works, was developed in 1964. This method breaks data into small packets for efficient transmission.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize important dates related to computer networking milestones, such as the invention of packet switching, as they are common knowledge-based questions.

 

Question 4. .................... helps in sending and receiving money via payment gateway.
(a) e-banking
(b) online payment
(c) e-governance
(d) credit-debit card
Answer: (b) online payment
In simple words: Online payment systems allow people to send and receive money securely over the internet using payment gateways. This makes transactions quick and easy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the broader concept of e-banking and the specific process of online payment facilitated by a payment gateway.

 

Question 5. In networking, nodes are identified by their...........................
(a) Protocol
(b) Layer
(c) IP address
(d) TCL address
Answer: (c) IP address
In simple words: In computer networks, each device, called a node, is given a unique IP address to identify it and allow it to communicate with other devices.

🎯 Exam Tip: The IP address is fundamental for device identification and routing in network communication. Understanding its role is crucial.

 

Question 6. The initial name of the host is known as ...........................
(a) TCP/IP
(b) switch
(c) nodes
(d) CYCLADES
Answer: (d) CYCLADES
In simple words: CYCLADES was an early computer network project that helped in defining how hosts (computers) would be identified and communicate. It laid groundwork for later network developments.

🎯 Exam Tip: While ARPANET is widely known, recall other foundational projects like CYCLADES that contributed significantly to early networking concepts.

 

Question 7. In 1966............................ was introduced for time-sharing.
(a) WAN
(b) MAN
(c) LAN
(d) Networking
Answer: (a) WAN
In simple words: In 1966, Wide Area Network (WAN) concepts were introduced, which allowed multiple users to share a single computer's processing power from different locations. This improved efficiency by making resources available to many at once.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific networking concepts (like WAN) with their historical context and primary function (like time-sharing) to remember them easily.

 

Question 8. Expand SAGE
(a) Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
(b) Self - Auto General Engine
(c) Super - Automatic General Engine
(d) Super - Auto Ground Environment
Answer: (a) Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
In simple words: SAGE stands for Semi-Automatic Ground Environment, which was a large computer network system used for air defense. It helped automate parts of the defense system.

🎯 Exam Tip: For expansion questions, ensure you know the full, precise phrase for the acronym, paying attention to each word.

 

Question 9. WWW was created in the year ...........................
(a) 1965
(b) 1993
(c) 1988
(d) 1989
Answer: (d) 1989
In simple words: The World Wide Web (WWW), which is the system of interconnected documents you access via the Internet, was invented in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee. This invention changed how information is shared globally.

🎯 Exam Tip: The creation date of the WWW is a fundamental fact in computer history; ensure you recall it accurately.

 

Question 10. Network of network is called ...........................
(a) Internet
(c) Exnet
(b) Intranet
(d) Network
Answer: (a) Internet
In simple words: The Internet is essentially a huge collection of many smaller computer networks linked together all around the world. It allows them to all communicate with each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Internet is the ultimate "network of networks," connecting billions of devices and users globally.

 

Abbreviation

• 1. WWW - World Wide Web
• 2. IP - Internet protocol!
• 3. SAGE - Semi Automatic Ground environment
• 4. SABRE - Semi Automatic Business Research Environment
• 5. LAN - Local Area Network
• 6. NPL - National Physical Laboratory
• 7. WAN - Wide Area Network
• 8. ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
• 9. TCP - Transmission Control Protocol!

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with common acronyms and their full forms in computer networking, as they are frequently tested.

 

Very Short Answers

 

Question 1. What is the use of Packet switching?
Answer: Packet switching is used to break down information into small data packets. These packets are then sent individually across a network, making the transfer of information between computers and network devices more efficient. Each packet might take a different route, but they all arrive at the destination and are reassembled.
In simple words: Packet switching sends information by breaking it into small pieces called packets. This helps data travel quickly and efficiently between computers on a network.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that packet switching improves network efficiency by allowing data to share paths and enables robust communication even if some paths fail.

 

Question 2. Who use SAGE first? When?
Answer: The U.S. Military Radar system first used SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) in the late 1950s. This system was vital for early air defense, using computer networks to track potential threats across large areas.
In simple words: The U.S. Military was the first to use the SAGE system in the late 1950s for radar tracking and defense.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical questions, ensure you specify both the user and the approximate time period for completeness.

 

Question 3. What do you mean by hosting?
Answer: Hosting refers to the service provided by a company that leases out its infrastructure (like servers and storage space) to individuals or organizations. This allows them to store their website files, applications, or data and make them accessible on the internet. It acts as a home for websites and online services.
In simple words: Hosting is a service where a provider lets you use their computer systems to store your website or data online so others can access it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that hosting makes websites and online services available to others via the internet, often involving server space and resources.

 

Question 4. What Is a Telephone switch?
Answer: A telephone switch was the first widely used system that implemented true computer control in telecommunications. It allowed for the automatic routing of phone calls between different lines, replacing manual operators and greatly improving the efficiency of phone networks. This was a significant step towards modern digital communication.
In simple words: A telephone switch was an early computer-controlled device that helped connect phone calls automatically. It was very important for making phone systems work better.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the telephone switch represented an early application of computer control, automating complex routing tasks in communication systems.

 

Assertion and Reason

 

Question 1. Assertion (A): A set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources is called as computer networks Reason(R): Multimedia means that multiple forms of media are combined to gather and provide services
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Both statements (A) and (R) are true: Assertion (A) correctly defines a computer network, and Reason (R) correctly defines multimedia. However, Reason (R) does not explain why computer networks are formed.

🎯 Exam Tip: In assertion-reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then determine if the reason actually explains the assertion.

 

Question 2. Assertion (A): Networks of the network is called the Internet. Reason(R): Computer which is connected to a network called as Intranet
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (c) (A) is true and (R) is false
In simple words: Assertion (A) is true because the Internet is indeed a network of networks. Reason (R) is false because an Intranet is a private network used within an organization, not just any computer connected to a network.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the Internet (global network) and an Intranet (private organizational network).

 

Question 3. Assertion (A): The data that originates and terminates at these particular nodes is called a source and destination. Reason(R): In a computer network, a device is called a network.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (c) (A) is true and (R) is false
In simple words: Assertion (A) is true because a source sends data and a destination receives it in a network. Reason (R) is false because a single device in a network is called a node or a host, not "a network" itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific terminology in networking: a device is a 'node' or 'host', while 'network' refers to the connection of multiple devices.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): Packet switching was developed by Paul Baran and Donald Devices to transfer the information between computers and network. Reason(R): NPL network (National Physical Laboratory) at UK local area network (LAN) using line speed of 1068kbit/s was implemented by Nicholas Dech.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (c) (A) is true and (R) is false
In simple words: Assertion (A) is true because packet switching was indeed developed by Paul Baran and Donald Davies for data transfer. Reason (R) is false because the NPL network's line speed and implementation details are incorrectly stated or mismatched with general knowledge.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific details like names, speeds, and roles when evaluating assertions and reasons, as minor inaccuracies can make a statement false.

 

Question 5. Assertion (A): INTERNET Stands for INTERnational NETwork (Technology, telecom, intelligence) Reason(R): INTERNET Stands for INTER connected computer NETwork (Science, space and environment)
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) correctly explain what "Internet" means, showing that it's a globally connected network combining different fields like technology, telecommunications, and computer science. Reason (R) helps further clarify the comprehensive nature implied in Assertion (A).

🎯 Exam Tip: For acronyms or terms, sometimes multiple correct interpretations or expansions exist, especially if they complement each other to describe the full scope of the term.

 

Question 6. Assertion (A): Mobile network is the network connecting devices without cable (wireless). Reason(R): Mobile computers, such as laptop, tablet, and handheld computers, were the fastest-growing segments.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. Mobile networks are indeed wireless, and the growth of mobile devices like laptops and tablets explains why these networks are expanding so quickly. The growth of mobile devices directly drives the need for wireless mobile networks.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating explanations, check if the reason provides a direct 'why' or 'how' for the assertion. Here, the growth of mobile devices directly explains the importance and prevalence of wireless mobile networks.

 

Question 7. Assertion (A): 5G intense to boost up the speed of the mobile connections dramatically. Reason(R): Artificial Network power algorithms will become most intelligent;
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Both statements are true: 5G aims to greatly increase mobile speeds, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are becoming smarter. However, the intelligence of AI algorithms does not directly explain why 5G boosts mobile connection speeds. They are separate but related advancements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful not to link two true statements as cause and effect if there isn't a direct logical connection between them. Both statements must be true, AND the reason must explain the assertion.

 

Question 8. Assertion (A): Covering a large area than a single transmitter, we can add more towers indefinitely and cannot be limited by any horizon limits. Reason(R): Digital intelligence will help to maintain, manage, and protect it.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true statements. We can cover large areas by adding many cell towers, overcoming physical distance limits, and digital intelligence helps manage networks. But the second statement does not explain why we can add more towers for broader coverage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Even if both statements are factually correct, the 'Reason' must logically support or explain the 'Assertion' for option (a) to be the answer.

 

Question 9. Assertion (A): computer networks were faster, the Internet became full strength and wireless communications has been transformed the way business performed. Reason(R): The usage of latest technologies, such as cloud computing, are being used to allow globally without scarifying security or limiting user access.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) explains Assertion (A). Faster networks and wireless communication changed business, and this was possible because new technologies like cloud computing let people work globally without security problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: The advancements in networking (Assertion) are directly enabled and explained by the adoption of new technologies like cloud computing (Reason), making this a correct explanation.

 

Question 10. Assertion (A): Resource sharing means one device accessed by many systems. Reason(R): Resource sharing is sharing such as printers, scanner, PDA, fax machine, and modems
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) explains Assertion (A). Resource sharing means many systems can use one device, and examples like sharing printers and scanners show how this works.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the reason provides concrete examples that illustrate and clarify the assertion's definition, it often serves as a correct explanation.

 

Find the Odd One on the Following

 

Question 1. Find the odd one out.
(a) File server
(b) Web camera
(c) Speakers
(d) Websites
Answer: (d) Websites
In simple words: File servers, web cameras, and speakers are all physical hardware devices that can be part of a computer system. Websites are digital content or services accessed over the internet, not a physical device.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "odd one out" questions, classify the given options into categories (e.g., hardware, software, concept) to identify the item that doesn't fit the main group.

 

Question 2. Find the odd one out.
(a) WWW
(b) Digital Audio
(c) URL
(d) Digital Video
Answer: (c) URL
In simple words: WWW, Digital Audio, and Digital Video are types of content or broader concepts related to the internet and media. A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is an address used to find these resources on the web, not a resource type itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that a URL is a locator mechanism, whereas WWW refers to the global system, and digital audio/video are types of data. This distinction helps in identifying the odd one out.

 

Question 3. Find the odd one out.
(a) Mouse
(b) Storage Servers
(c) Applications
(d) Softwares
Answer: (a) Mouse
In simple words: Storage Servers, Applications, and Softwares are all components or concepts related to computer systems and networks. A mouse is a physical input device used to control a computer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between hardware peripherals (like a mouse) and software/system components (like servers, applications, and software) for this type of question.

 

Question 4. Find the odd one out.
(a) Source
(b) Destination
(c) Node
(d) WWW
Answer: (d) WWW
In simple words: Source, Destination, and Node are all terms that describe points or entities within a network where data originates, is routed, or terminates. WWW (World Wide Web) is a global information system, not a specific point in a network path.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that 'Source', 'Destination', and 'Node' describe roles or components in network communication, while 'WWW' refers to the entire interconnected information space.

 

Question 5. Find the odd one out.
(a) servers
(b) Mobile Phones
(c) Tabs
(d) Monitors
Answer: (d) Monitors
In simple words: Servers, mobile phones, and tablets are all computing devices that can operate independently or connect to networks. Monitors are display output devices that typically need to be connected to another computing device to function.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about the primary function of each item. Servers, phones, and tabs are processing units, while a monitor is purely for display output.

 

Question 6. Find the odd one out.
(a) SAGE
(b) ARCNET
(c) ARPANET
(d) URL
Answer: (d) URL
In simple words: SAGE, ARCNET, and ARPANET are all names of early computer networks or network systems. A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is an address used to find a resource on the internet, not a network itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify the options. SAGE, ARCNET, ARPANET are network types or projects, whereas URL is a addressing scheme for web resources.

 

Question 7. Find the odd one out.
(a) John Murphy
(b) Paul Boran
(c) James Gostling
(d) Leonard Kliemock
Answer: (c) James Gostling
In simple words: John Murphy, Paul Baran, and Leonard Kleinrock are prominent figures known for their contributions to early computer networking and the development of ARCNET and packet switching. James Gostling is not widely recognized in the same context of foundational networking development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of key individuals and their contributions to the history of computer science and networking.

 

Question 8. Find the odd one out.
(a) Technology
(b) Electronic
(c) Telecom
(d) Intelligence
Answer: (b) Electronic
In simple words: Technology, Telecom, and Intelligence are broader fields or concepts often associated with computer networking. "Electronic" describes something related to electrons or using electronics, which is a characteristic rather than a distinct field like the others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the scope of each term. Technology, Telecom, and Intelligence are overarching domains, while "Electronic" is more of an adjective describing components or processes.

 

Question 9. Find the odd one out.
(a) Flipkart
(b) Amazon
(c) IOB
(d) E-bay
Answer: (c) IOB
In simple words: Flipkart, Amazon, and E-bay are all well-known e-commerce platforms where people buy and sell goods online. IOB (Indian Overseas Bank) is a bank, which belongs to the financial sector, not an e-commerce platform.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the options based on their primary function or industry to easily identify the outlier.

 

Question 10. Find the odd one out.
(a) YAHOO
(b) BING
(c) GOOGLE
(d) E-Banking
Answer: (d) E-Banking
In simple words: Yahoo, Bing, and Google are all popular search engines or internet portals. E-Banking (electronic banking) is a financial service that allows customers to conduct banking transactions online, which is a different category from search engines.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between internet services like search engines and specific financial services like e-banking.

 

Question 11. Find the odd one out.
(a) Whatsapp
(b) Gmail
(c) Facebook
(d) Twitter
Answer: (b) Gmail
In simple words: Whatsapp, Facebook, and Twitter are all primarily social media or messaging platforms designed for connection and interaction. Gmail is an email service, which is a form of communication but not typically categorized as social media in the same way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the primary function of each platform. While all facilitate communication, some are distinctly social media, while others are email services.

 

Question 12. Find the odd one out.
(a) 1G:2.4kb/s
(b) 2G:64kb/s
(c) 4G:100mb/s
(d) 3G:1Mb/s
Answer: (c) 4G:100mb/s
In simple words: 1G, 2G, and 3G are older mobile network generations with speeds in kilobits per second (kb/s) or megabits per second (Mb/s). 4G, or LTE, offers much higher speeds, typically around 100 megabits per second or more, making it significantly faster than the others listed. The listed speed for 4G is much higher than the others, making it the odd one out in terms of speed class.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the typical data speeds associated with different generations of mobile networks (1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) to correctly identify differences.

 

Question 13. Find the odd one out:
(a) SMS
(b) MMS
(c) video conferencing
(d) Farm ware
Answer: (d) Farm ware
In simple words: SMS, MMS, and video conferencing are all ways people communicate using technology. Farmware, however, is software used for farming, making it the different one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always look for the core category or context of the options provided to identify the one that doesn't fit.

 

Question 14. Find the odd one out:
(a) printer
(b) Scanner
(c) Fax Machine
(d) Networking
Answer: (d) Networking
In simple words: A printer, scanner, and fax machine are all hardware devices. Networking, on the other hand, is a process or system of connecting devices, not a physical device itself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between physical devices (hardware) and systems or concepts (software/processes) to correctly identify the differing element.

 

Question 15. Find the odd one out:
(a) G2A
(b) B2C
(c) B2G
(d) G2A
Answer: (a) G2A
In simple words: B2C (Business to Consumer) and B2G (Business to Government) are common models for how businesses interact. G2A (Government to Administration) is less common in this context, making it the odd one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with common business interaction models (B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C) to quickly spot less standard or incorrect options.

 

Question 16. Find the odd one out:
(a) Speakers
(b) CCTV
(c) Scanner
(d) E-Readers
Answer: (d) E-Readers
In simple words: Speakers, CCTV, and scanners are all physical input/output devices for computers or surveillance. E-readers are specialized portable devices for reading books, distinct from general computer peripherals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize items based on their primary function or type (e.g., input/output devices vs. specialized consumer electronics) to find the outlier.

 

Question 17. Find the odd one out:
(a) Indoor Cameras
(b) Tablets
(c) Wi-fi
(d) printers
Answer: (d) printers
In simple words: Indoor cameras and tablets are devices that commonly use Wi-Fi for their main functions. Wi-Fi itself is the wireless technology. Printers, while they can be wireless, are often used with wired connections and are more general-purpose peripherals, making them slightly different from the wireless-centric group.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the primary mode of operation or common association of devices. If most items are inherently wireless, a commonly wired (though also wireless-capable) device might be the outlier.

 

Question 18. Match the following with the correct year:
(a) SAGE: 1950
(b) SABRE: 1960
(c) TCP/IP: 1975
(d) E-Readers
Answer: (c) TCP/IP: 1975
In simple words: This question asks to identify a correct pairing of a technology or system with its year. While SAGE (1950) and SABRE (1960) also have years, the provided answer specifically points to TCP/IP in 1975 as the correct choice. TCP/IP is a fundamental set of rules for internet communication.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to specific dates and events related to the development of computer networking, as these are frequently tested. Sometimes, minor variations in dates might exist depending on the source, so focus on the one highlighted by the answer key.

 

Question 19. Find the odd one out:
(a) Hosts
(b) Ethernet
(c) F-Cables
(d) Modems
Answer: (d) Modems
In simple words: Hosts are computers on a network, Ethernet is a type of wired network, and F-cables (likely referring to network cables) are physical connections. Modems are devices that translate signals to allow computers to connect to the internet, acting as a gateway rather than an internal network component like the others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the role of each component in a network. Some items might be core parts of a local network, while others act as bridges to external networks.

 

Question 20. Find the odd one out:
(a) Communication
(b) Money Saving
(c) -Learning
(d) Software Sharing
Answer: (c) -Learning
In simple words: Communication, money saving, and software sharing are all clear benefits and uses of computer networks. The term "-Learning" seems incomplete or unusual in this list, possibly referring to e-learning, but its presentation makes it stand out as the odd option compared to the other direct benefits.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the exact phrasing of options. An incomplete or unusually formatted option might be the intended "odd one out" even if the underlying concept could otherwise fit.

 

Question 1. Match the following items with their correct years, then select the option that represents the correct sequence of year positions from the question's original list:
1. SABRE - (originally paired with 1995)
2. Fibre Optic cables - (originally paired with 1960)
3. Hosts - (originally paired with 1965)
4. Telephone Switch - (originally paired with 1973)
(a) 1234
(b) 2341
(c) 2143
(d) 3124
Answer: (c) 2143
In simple words: To solve this, we need to find the actual correct year for each item from reference materials (like the table of important years on page 33). Then, we see which position that correct year holds in the list of years provided in the question itself. For example, SABRE's correct year is 1960, which is the 2nd year mentioned in the original question's list of years (1995, 1960, 1965, 1973). Doing this for all four items gives the sequence 2143.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions with numerical sequence options, understand if the numbers refer to the order of correct items, or the *positions* of the correct answers within a provided list. Cross-reference with reliable data to ensure accuracy.

 

Question 2. Match the following network uses with their corresponding concepts or tools, then select the option that represents the correct sequence of concept positions:
1. Resource Sharing
2. Communication
3. Money-Saving
4. Data Sharing
(Right column options provided in source as: paper Work, Software, PDA, Groupware)
(a) 2341
(b) 3412
(c) 4312
(d) 4321
Answer: (b) 3412
In simple words: The numbers in the answer (3412) show how the network uses from the left column match to items in an implicit right column. Following this sequence, "Resource Sharing" matches with the 3rd item (PDA), "Communication" with the 4th (Groupware), "Money-Saving" with the 1st (paper Work), and "Data Sharing" with the 2nd (Software). These pairings highlight different aspects or outcomes related to networking.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching concepts, try to establish the most logical connection between items. If the options are sequences, determine if they refer to the order of correct items or positions within a given list. Be ready to interpret even less direct relationships if the answer key suggests them.

 

Question 3. Match the following concepts:
1. Gmail
2. 3G/4G
3. Blog
(Right column options provided in source as: Mobile Networks, E-mail, Online Shopping)
(a) 1234
(b) 2341
(c) 2143
(d) 3124
Answer: (c) 2143
In simple words: This question asks to correctly pair the items in the left column with those in an implicit right column, then represent that pairing as a numerical sequence. The answer 2143 indicates a specific set of ordered matches between the concepts. For example, Gmail is best matched with E-mail, and 3G/4G with Mobile Networks.

🎯 Exam Tip: In matching questions, carefully consider the definitions and primary associations of each term to find the most accurate pairings. Practice matching key concepts and technologies to their descriptions or related fields.

 

Question 4. Match the following network types with their associated examples or uses:
1. Wired Network System
2. Wireless Network system
3. Mobile Networks
4. Private Networks
(Right column options provided in source as: Bank Account, HandHeldComputres, indoor Cameras, CCTV)
(a) 1234
(b) 4321
(c) 2143
(d) 3124
Answer: (b) 4321
In simple words: This question asks us to match different network types to related concepts or examples. The answer 4321 indicates that a "Wired Network System" matches with CCTV, a "Wireless Network System" with indoor cameras, "Mobile Networks" with handheld computers, and "Private Networks" with bank accounts. This implies how these network types are commonly used or related in practice.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching network types, consider where and how each type is typically deployed or what devices/systems are most associated with it. Think about the practical applications of each network category.

 

Question 5. Match the following concepts with their definitions or associated terms:
1. Cloud storage
2. Cloud computing
3. Flame Ware
4. Hackers
(Right column options provided in source as: Internet Computing, Access in different Area, abusive Messages, skilled experts)
(a) 1234
(c) 2143
Answer: (a) 1234
In simple words: This question asks to match each item with its correct definition or related term. The answer 1234 means that the items on the left directly match with the items on the right in the same order as they are listed. So, cloud storage is about internet computing, cloud computing allows access from anywhere, flameware is linked to abusive messages, and hackers are skilled experts.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the answer option is '1234', it means the items listed are already correctly matched in the order they appear. Always check each pair for accuracy to confirm this.

Important Years to Remember

Part B

Short Answers

 

Question 1. What are the disadvantages of the Internet?
Answer: The internet has a few downsides. First, people can waste a lot of time browsing or looking for things they don't need. Second, there's a lot of useless information online because anyone can publish content on their websites or blogs. Also, hackers and viruses can easily steal valuable information, and there are many security problems with online banking. It's important to be careful about personal data online.
In simple words: The internet can waste time, has lots of useless information, and can be unsafe due to hackers and viruses, especially for online banking.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing disadvantages, categorize them (e.g., time waste, information overload, security risks) for a clear and comprehensive answer.

 

Question 2. What is a node?
Answer: A node is any device or point connected to a computer network. These nodes are where data begins its journey (the source) and where it finally arrives (the destination). Essentially, a node acts as an endpoint for data transfer.
In simple words: A node is any device connected to a network. It's where data starts or ends its journey.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define a node as a connected device and explain its role as a source and destination for data in a network.

 

Question 3. What is the use of E-Governance?
Answer: E-Governance helps people get government services and information online easily. For instance, citizens can get their certificates digitally, avoiding the need to visit offices in person. Before e-governance, people spent a lot of time and faced many difficulties, including issues like bribery, to get documents. E-governance uses the Internet to create a new, simpler way for ordinary people to access these services, making the process faster and more transparent.
In simple words: E-Governance uses the internet to make government services easy to access online, like getting certificates, which saves time and reduces problems for people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining E-Governance, focus on its benefits like convenience, time-saving, transparency, and reduction of corruption for citizens.

 

Question 4. Write a note on Software or data sharing?
Answer: Software and data sharing involves storing applications and information on a central computer or server within a network. This allows users to easily share software and access data from different computers. A key benefit is having a highly reliable source of data; for example, instead of individually backing up or duplicating all files on many computers, they can be accessed from a central location. This means if one computer fails due to hardware issues or any other problem, copies of the data are still available and can be used from the network, ensuring continuous access.
In simple words: Software and data sharing means keeping programs and files on a main computer in a network so everyone can use them. If one computer breaks, the shared copies are still safe to use.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the benefits of data sharing, such as centralized storage, ease of access, and improved data reliability and redundancy in case of individual computer failures.

 

Question 5. What is Virus?
Answer: A virus is a type of harmful software, also known as malware, that can make copies of itself. It spreads from one computer to another and can cause damage to files or the system. Like a biological virus, it self-replicates and infects other programs.
In simple words: A virus is a harmful computer program that can copy itself and spread to other computers, causing problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a computer virus as malicious software that self-replicates and explain its primary function to infect and spread.

 

Question 6. What are the innovations changed people lifestyle to use the Internet?
Answer: Two big innovations that have really changed how people use the Internet and live their lives are mobile technology and the Social Web. Mobile technology allows people to access the Internet from anywhere using smartphones and tablets. The Social Web, through platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp, helps people connect and share information easily. These changes have made the internet a central part of daily life for many.
In simple words: Mobile phones and social media are two big new ideas that changed how people use the internet and live.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on significant technological shifts like mobile access and social connectivity as key drivers in Internet usage changes.

 

Question 7. List some social media applications used on the Internet.
Answer: Some popular social media applications used on the Internet include WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, blogs, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. These platforms help people connect, share information, and create content online. Other examples include platforms designed specifically for connecting with classmates.
In simple words: WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, blogs, Pinterest, and LinkedIn are some common social media apps people use online.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing examples, provide a diverse range of popular and relevant applications to demonstrate broad knowledge.

 

Question 8. What is the use of packet switching?
Answer: Packet switching is a method used to send digital data across computer networks. It works by breaking down data into small, manageable units called packets, which are then sent independently over the network. This method makes data transfer very efficient, as multiple packets from different sources can share the same network pathways simultaneously, ensuring faster and more reliable communication.
In simple words: Packet switching breaks data into small parts (packets) to send them efficiently between computers and networks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define packet switching by explaining that it divides data into packets for efficient, shared network transmission, highlighting its role in modern communication.

 

Question 9. What are the two types of Networks at home?
Answer: There are two main types of networks commonly found in homes to connect devices. These are wired networks, which use physical cables to connect devices, and wireless networks, which use radio signals (like Wi-Fi) to connect devices without cables. Both types allow devices like computers, phones, and smart home gadgets to communicate with each other and the internet.
In simple words: The two types of home networks are wired networks (using cables) and wireless networks (using signals like Wi-Fi).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the two types of home networks and briefly mention their distinguishing feature (cables vs. wireless signals).

 

Question 10. Define Flame Wars.
Answer: Flame wars are heated and often lengthy online arguments characterized by angry, hostile, or abusive messages exchanged between users in a public digital space, such as an online forum or a social media discussion area. These typically occur when discussions become overly emotional and aggressive. Online etiquette often discourages such behavior to maintain respectful conversations.
In simple words: Flame wars are long online fights where people send angry and rude messages to each other in discussion areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a flame war as an extended online exchange of hostile messages, specifying the typical environment where it occurs.

 

Question 11. Who are Hackers?
Answer: Hackers are skilled computer experts who use their advanced technical knowledge, sometimes with malicious intent, to gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or digital accounts. They often exploit security weaknesses to achieve their goals, which can range from testing system security to stealing data or causing damage. Ethical hackers, also known as white-hat hackers, use their skills for good, helping to find and fix security flaws.
In simple words: Hackers are expert computer users who use their skills to get into computer systems or accounts without permission.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define hackers as skilled individuals who gain unauthorized access to systems, and note that their intent can vary (malicious or ethical).

 

Question 12. Define E-Readers.
Answer: E-readers, also called e-book readers, are special mobile electronic devices made primarily for reading digital books (e-books). They are designed to offer a reading experience similar to physical books, often with features like adjustable lighting and long battery life. Many e-readers use e-ink displays to reduce eye strain.
In simple words: E-readers are portable electronic devices made just for reading digital books (e-books).

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary purpose of e-readers: specialized mobile devices for reading digital books, highlighting key features if relevant.

 

Question 13. What is the various Generation of Mobile Networks with their coverage?
Answer: Mobile networks have evolved through several generations, each offering increased data speeds and capabilities:
1G – 2.4 Kb/s
2G – 64 Kb/s
3G – 2 Mb/s
4G – 100 Mb/s
5G – More than 1 Gb/s
Each new generation brings faster data transfer rates, allowing for more complex applications and better user experience.
In simple words: Mobile networks have different generations, each faster than the last. 1G was slow, 2G was a bit faster, 3G brought faster internet, 4G made it even quicker, and 5G is super fast for many new things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the sequential increase in data speed for each generation of mobile networks (1G to 5G) and associate them with approximate data rates.

 

Question 14. What is mean by Mobile Networks?
Answer: A mobile network is a wireless communication system that connects various devices, such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets, without using physical cables. These networks rely on radio signals to allow devices to communicate with each other and access the internet from different locations. Mobile computers, including devices like laptops, tablets, and handheld computers, have significantly driven the growth of these networks, becoming one of the fastest-growing technology sectors.
In simple words: A mobile network is a wireless system that connects devices like phones and tablets using radio signals, allowing them to communicate and use the internet without wires.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a mobile network as a wireless system for connecting devices, emphasizing its cable-free nature and common device types that use it.

Part C

 

Question 1. Define Computer networking.
Answer: Computer networking is a method of connecting digital telecommunications devices together. This setup allows these connected devices, called nodes, to share resources, such as files, hardware, or internet access, with one another. The primary function of this networking is to exchange data. These connections can be established using various media, including physical cables like fiber optic cables or traditional wires, and also through wireless methods such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Networks are crucial for communication and resource efficiency.
In simple words: Computer networking means connecting devices digitally to share resources and exchange data. This can be done with cables or wirelessly.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining computer networking, include its purpose (sharing resources), what it exchanges (data), and the types of connections it uses (wired/wireless).

 

Question 2. Write a short note on E-Banking?
Answer: E-banking, or electronic banking, has become a very important part of our daily lives. It allows people to access and manage their bank accounts and perform financial transactions through the Internet at any time and from anywhere, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This method offers much greater speed and efficiency compared to traditional banking services at a physical bank counter. Nowadays, many people prefer to make online payments via the Internet, which helps them avoid long queues at offices and often involves very low transaction fees, making banking more convenient and accessible. It transforms how we handle money.
In simple words: E-banking lets you do banking online anytime, anywhere. It's faster and easier than going to the bank, and you can pay bills online without waiting in lines.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing E-banking, emphasize its key benefits like 24/7 access, increased speed and efficiency, and convenience of online payments over traditional methods.

 

Question 3. What are the disadvantages of Using the Internet?
Answer: The Internet, while powerful, comes with several disadvantages. Firstly, users can often waste valuable time by simply surfing or searching for content that isn't important. Secondly, there is an enormous amount of unnecessary and often unreliable information online because anyone can publish content on their webpages or blogs without strict checks. Lastly, the Internet poses significant security threats; hackers and viruses can easily steal sensitive personal data and compromise systems. This also leads to many security concerns specifically within e-banking. Therefore, users must be cautious and use the Internet responsibly.
In simple words: Disadvantages of the Internet include wasting time, encountering lots of useless information, and facing security threats like hackers and viruses, especially with online banking.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing disadvantages of the Internet, categorize them into time management issues, information quality, and security risks (hackers/viruses) to provide a structured answer.

 

Question 4. How computer Networks helps in communication?
Answer: Computer networks greatly improve communication by allowing people to interact with others across the globe. They provide strong communication links for employees, teams, and different sections of an organization, even when they are far apart. Networks offer many cost-effective ways to communicate, including mobile calls, social media platforms, email, instant messaging (chat), video conferencing, SMS, MMS, and collaborative tools like groupware. These various methods make communication faster, cheaper, and more efficient globally.
In simple words: Computer networks help people talk to each other globally and for work teams. They offer cheap ways to communicate like social media, email, and video calls.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining communication benefits, mention global reach, team collaboration, and a range of low-cost communication methods enabled by networks.

 

Question 5. What is Resource Sharing?
Answer: Resource sharing refers to the ability for many computer systems or users to access and utilize a single resource, such as hardware, software, or data. Through a network, any type of program, equipment, or available data can be shared with users, regardless of its physical location. Common examples of resource sharing include sharing devices like printers, scanners, PDAs, fax machines, and modems. For instance, in a networked environment, multiple computers can all print to one central printer, which helps to save costs and makes resources more accessible to everyone on the network.
In simple words: Resource sharing lets many computers or users use one resource, like a printer or a file, over a network, no matter where it is located.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define resource sharing as multiple users accessing a single resource via a network, and provide common examples like printers to illustrate its practical benefit.

 

Question 6. What is Data sharing?
Answer: Data sharing involves storing applications or other software on a central computer or server within a network. This allows one software or application to be easily shared from one computer to another. For example, it becomes unnecessary to take backups or duplicate all files onto multiple individual computers. Instead, if a central copy becomes unavailable due to hardware failure or any other reason, accessible copies can still be used from the network, ensuring data availability and reliability. This is an efficient way to manage and distribute information.
In simple words: Data sharing means putting software and data on a central computer so all users on a network can use it. This helps make sure data is always available, even if one computer has problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain data sharing as centralized storage and distribution of data/software, emphasizing how it ensures availability and simplifies backups across a network.

Part D

Explain in Detail

 

Question 1. Explain how Social Networks are useful to Individuals and the community?
Answer: Social networks offer many valuable benefits to individuals and their communities, beyond just being a fun way to connect with people. Here are some of their uses:
1. Sharing Information Across Distances: Social networks provide a much richer way for friends and family to stay connected, even more so than phone calls or text messages. They are excellent for sharing things like photo albums, videos, or sending wishes, as an entire group can participate together. This makes group discussions much more convenient because people don't need to be online at the exact same moment to post comments.
2. Broadcast Announcements:
1. Cities can easily spread news about emergencies and natural disasters, ensuring everyone is informed quickly.
2. Local shops and event venues can use social media to advertise upcoming events and reach more people.
3. Businesses can market their products to customers and get direct feedback, which helps them improve their services.
3. Fostering Diversity of Thought:
1. Some people argue that online communities often attract individuals with similar interests, potentially limiting exposure to diverse views.
2. When people with different opinions do interact online, discussions can sometimes become heated, leading to personal attacks or "flame wars."
3. However, it can also be argued that online debates can be healthy in the long run, even if challenging initially.
4. Although individuals might start with strong, set views, their thinking can be influenced and broadened over time by engaging with others' comments and perspectives.
5. For individuals with busy schedules, social networks offer a way to relax, stay updated on current affairs and news, send well wishes to friends, and easily keep in touch with followers and loved ones. Social media provides many ways to connect.
In simple words: Social networks help people talk to friends far away, share photos, and have group chats. Cities use them for emergency news, and businesses use them to advertise and get feedback. While some debates can get heated, social networks also help people learn from different views and stay connected easily when busy.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed explanations, use clear headings or numbered points to structure your answer. Cover both positive aspects (communication, marketing, information spread) and nuanced points (diversity of thought, potential for conflict).

 

Question 2. Write in detail about The Internet Explosion.
Answer:
The Internet Explosion: The Internet can be simply defined as a global network connecting individuals, industries, governments, and private organizations across the World Wide Web. This vast connection has led to an explosion in its use and development.
Initially, the Internet connected government research laboratories, but by 1994, it had grown to serve millions of users for many different purposes worldwide. Within a few years, the Internet became a powerful platform that transformed how businesses operate and how people communicate. It is now a universal source of information for billions of people everywhere – at work, home, and school. It has provided an excellent communication medium, creating a 'globalized' world in every aspect.
The Internet is constantly growing, largely driven by mobile technology and the rise of social media. These two innovations have changed how people live and use the Internet. Many online communities exist, and platforms like Facebook, created in 2004, quickly grew to have over 2.23 billion active users worldwide. Mobile technology, especially smartphones, has made the Internet easily accessible to a wider audience, significantly increasing the number of Internet users globally.
The Internet also promotes democracy in mass media; anyone can create a webpage with very little investment. Businesses, regardless of their size or location, can reach a large market directly, quickly, and affordably. Anyone with basic literacy can access and have a presence on the World Wide Web, and people can easily share their ideas and opinions globally through blogging. These factors combined illustrate the profound and ongoing Internet explosion, changing society in countless ways.
In simple words: The Internet started connecting scientists but grew very fast to connect billions of people worldwide. It changed business and communication, making the world feel smaller. Mobile phones and social media helped it grow even more, letting anyone share ideas easily and quickly connect with a huge audience.

🎯 Exam Tip: To explain the Internet explosion, discuss its evolution from a research tool to a global platform, highlighting its impact on business, communication, and individual lifestyles, driven by mobile technology and social media.

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