Samacheer Kalvi Class 12 Commerce Solutions Chapter 15 Recent Trends in Marketing

I. Choose The Correct Answer.

 

Question 1. Selling goods/ services through internet is
(a) Green marketing
(b) E- business
(c) Social marketing
(d) Meta marketing
Answer: (b) E-business
In simple words: When you buy or sell products and services using the internet, it is called e-business. It makes shopping and selling very easy from anywhere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that e-business covers all online commercial activities, not just marketing, and is crucial for modern trade.

 

Question 2. Which is gateway to internet?
(a) Portal
(b) CPU
(c) Modem
(d) Webnaire
Answer: (c) Modem
In simple words: A modem is a device that helps your computer connect to the internet. It changes internet signals into a form your computer can understand.

🎯 Exam Tip: While various devices can access the internet, the modem is the fundamental hardware component that translates digital data for transmission over analog lines.

 

Question 3. Social marketing deals with:
(a) Society
(b) Social Class
(c) Social change
(d) Social evil
Answer: (c) Social change
In simple words: Social marketing uses marketing ideas to make good changes in society. It aims to influence people's behavior for a better community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how social marketing actively promotes positive behaviors and societal shifts, rather than just observing them.

 

Question 4. Effective use of Social media marketing increase conversion rates of -
(a) Customer to buyers
(b) Retailer to customers
(c) One buyer to another buyers
(d) Direct contact of marketer
Answer: (a) Customer to buyers
In simple words: When social media marketing works well, it helps turn people who are just looking at products (customers) into people who actually buy them (buyers). This is about making visitors complete a purchase.

🎯 Exam Tip: Conversion rates measure how many people take a desired action (like buying) after seeing a marketing message, highlighting the effectiveness of social media in driving sales.

 

Question 5. A company's products and prices are visually represented by
(a) Shopping cart
(b) Web portal
(c) Electronic catalogue
(d) Revenue model
Answer: (c) Electronic catalogue
In simple words: An electronic catalogue is like an online book that shows all the products a company sells and how much they cost. It helps customers see everything easily.

🎯 Exam Tip: An electronic catalogue is a key tool for e-commerce, allowing businesses to display their entire product range and pricing information digitally, enhancing customer browsing and selection.

 

Question 6. Pure play retailers are called
(a) Market creators
(b) Transaction brokers
(c) Merchants
(d) Agents
Answer: (b) Transaction brokers
In simple words: Pure play retailers only sell things online and do not have physical shops. They act as middle-men to complete sales between buyers and sellers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pure play retailers operate exclusively online, focusing on digital transactions and often specializing in specific product categories without the overhead of physical stores.

II. Very Short Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. What is E-Business?
Answer: E-business happens when all business deals are done using the internet and other online tools. It includes everything from buying and selling to serving customers and working with partners. This broad approach helps companies operate more efficiently.
In simple words: E-business means doing all business activities online, like selling and buying goods or services.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish e-business (broader concept, encompassing all online business processes) from e-commerce (buying and selling of goods/services online).

 

Question 2. What is green marketing?
Answer: Green marketing is a complete approach to marketing that considers how products affect the environment. It focuses on global warming, reducing non-biodegradable waste, and lessening the harm from pollution. This type of marketing promotes eco-friendly products and practices.
• It is also known as "Environmental marketing”, “Ecological marketing" Eco-friendly marketing and sustainable marketing".
In simple words: Green marketing is about selling products in a way that is good for the environment. It means caring about nature and reducing pollution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the environmental aspect of green marketing, including its focus on sustainability and reducing ecological footprints.

 

Question 3. What is service marketing?
Answer: Service marketing describes the process of selling services instead of physical goods. This includes areas like telecommunication, banking, insurance, car rentals, healthcare, tourism, professional services, and repairs. These services are often intangible, meaning you cannot touch them.
In simple words: Service marketing is about selling things that are not physical products, like phone plans, bank accounts, or doctor visits.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the intangible nature of services and how their marketing strategies differ from those for physical products.

 

Question 4. Define E-Marketing.
Answer: According to Judy Strauss, "E-Marketing refers to the application of a broad range of information technology for creating more customer value through more effective segmentation, targeting differentiation and positioning strategies, planning more efficiently and executing the conception distribution, promotion and pricing of goods, services and ideas and creating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organization's consumer objectives”. It uses technology to better reach and serve customers.
In simple words: E-marketing uses computers and the internet to reach customers, offer good value, and sell products or ideas.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining e-marketing, remember to mention the use of information technology to create customer value and achieve marketing goals more effectively.

 

Question 5. What is E-Tailing?
Answer: E-tailing, which is short for electronic retailing, means selling goods and services through a shopping website or a virtual store on the internet directly to the final customer. It makes shopping convenient from home.
In simple words: E-tailing is simply selling products online through a website, like an internet shop.

🎯 Exam Tip: E-tailing is a specific form of e-commerce focused on the retail sale of products and services directly to consumers via the internet.

 

Question 6. What is social marketing?
Answer: Social marketing is a new kind of marketing that uses marketing ideas and methods to help society. It tries to change people's behavior to achieve goals that benefit everyone, like asking people not to smoke in public places. This approach aims for the greater good.
• Social marketing is a new marketing tool
• It is the systematic application of marketing philosophy and techniques to achieve specific behavioural goals that ensure social good
• [Eg] Asking people- Not to smoke in a public place.
In simple words: Social marketing uses selling tricks to help solve problems in society and encourage good actions, like telling people not to smoke where others are present.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that social marketing is not about selling products for profit, but about promoting positive social behaviors for community benefit.

III. Short Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. What are the advantages of E-Marketing?
Answer: E-marketing offers several benefits, including:
• Any time market: E-marketing provides service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This means consumers can shop or order products anytime and from anywhere. It offers unmatched flexibility for customers.
• Direct contact of end consumer by the manufacturer cuts down the substantially intermediation cost. Thus products bought through e-marketing become cheaper.
• Customers can buy whatever they want or need just by browsing the various sites.
In simple words: E-marketing is good because you can shop anytime, products can be cheaper, and customers can easily look for what they want online.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing advantages, consider accessibility (24/7, global reach), cost efficiency (reduced intermediaries), and customer convenience (wider choice, easy browsing).

 

Question 2. Discuss the objectives E-Marketing (EARS)
Answer: The objectives of e-marketing, often remembered by the acronym EARS, are:
• Expansion of market share: E-marketing helps companies reach more customers and grow their share of the market.
• Achieving higher brand awareness: It uses online tools to make more people know about a brand and its products.
• Reduction of distribution and promotional expenses: Online marketing can lower costs related to advertising and getting products to customers.
• Strengthening database: E-marketing helps build a strong list of customer information, which is useful for future marketing efforts. Maintaining good customer data is vital for personalization.
In simple words: E-marketing aims to make a company bigger, make its brand more famous, lower advertising costs, and build a good list of customer information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the EARS acronym to recall the main objectives: Expansion, Awareness, Reduction (of costs), and Strengthening (database).

 

Question 3. Explain in detail Niche marketing. [Nitch] [Neesh]
Answer: Niche marketing is a smart way of focusing all marketing efforts on a very specific and well-defined group of people within the bigger population. This strategy allows businesses to serve unique needs.
• “Niche marketing “ denotes a strategy of directing all marketing efforts towards one well-defined segment of the population.
• Actually, there is no market in a niche market.
• It is found by the company, by identifying the need of customers who are not served or underserved by the competitors.
• It involves a specific target audience with a specialized offering.
• It aimed at being a big fish in a small pond instead of being a small fish in a big pond.
• [eg] Not everybody wants to watch the movie by paying 5x-6x times the cost of the normal ticket.
In simple words: Niche marketing means focusing on a small, special group of customers with unique needs instead of trying to sell to everyone. It's about finding a specific gap in the market.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core idea of niche marketing is specialization: serving a very particular, often overlooked, customer segment with tailored products or services.

IV. Long Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. Explain in detail how traditional marketing differ from E-marketing [FEETS].
Answer: E-marketing and traditional marketing differ in several key aspects, which can be summarized using the acronym FEETS:

E-marketing leverages digital channels for speed and global reach, while traditional marketing relies on older methods. This table clearly outlines their key distinctions.
In simple words: E-marketing is faster and cheaper, helping businesses grow worldwide with fewer people. Traditional marketing is slower, costs more, and needs more workers, making it harder to sell products all year round.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing, remember to structure your answer using clear points of comparison, such as speed, cost, reach, and human resource requirements, to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding.

 

Question 2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of E-marketing.
Answer: E-tailing or electronic retailing refers to the selling of goods and services through a shopping website. E-marketing brings many benefits but also has some drawbacks:
Advantages:
1. Customers can buy products anytime and from anywhere. This offers great convenience and flexibility.
2. Direct contact between the manufacturer and the end consumer helps cut down costs significantly.
3. Customers can easily browse and find whatever products they want or need from various websites.
Disadvantages:
1. E-tailing needs a lot of advertising, which means businesses have to spend a large amount of money.
2. It is not suitable for small-sized businesses, as they might lack the resources for extensive online presence and advertising.
In simple words: E-marketing lets you shop anytime from anywhere and often saves money. But it needs lots of advertising money and can be hard for small businesses to use.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you provide a balanced view, highlighting both the convenience and cost-saving aspects of e-marketing, alongside its investment requirements and suitability for different business scales.

 

Question 3. Discuss any two new methods of marketing with their advantages
Answer: Here are two new methods of marketing:
1. **Rural Marketing:** This is about creating prices, promoting, and distributing specific goods and services for customers in rural areas. It leads to trade with these rural customers. There's an exchange where goods flow into rural markets for production and consumption, and products like rice, wheat, and sugar flow from rural to urban areas. This helps integrate rural economies into broader markets.
2. **Service Marketing:** This is a special part of marketing. It focuses on the process of selling services such as telecommunication, banking, insurance, healthcare, tourism, and professional services. These services are mostly intangible, meaning they cannot be touched. Because services are unique, they need different marketing strategies compared to selling physical goods.
In simple words: Rural marketing sells things to people in villages, helping them buy and sell products. Service marketing sells things you can't touch, like phone calls or doctor visits, needing special ways to promote them.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each marketing method, define it clearly and then explain its unique characteristics or advantages, especially how it addresses a specific market segment or product type.

12th Commerce Guide Recent Trends in Marketing Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer.

 

Question 1. Pick the odd one out:
(a) E-Commerce
(b) E-Marketing
(c) E-Tailing
(d) E-Banking
Answer: (d) E-Banking
In simple words: E-commerce, e-marketing, and e-tailing are all about buying, selling, or promoting goods online. E-banking is different because it focuses on financial services over the internet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that while all options involve "E-" for electronic, e-banking belongs to the financial sector, whereas the others are primarily related to general trade and promotion.

 

Question 2. Find out which is not suitable? in commodity exchange are
(a) Crude oil
(b) Rice
(c) Copper
(d) Gold
Answer: (b) Rice
In simple words: Crude oil, copper, and gold are often traded in commodity exchanges as raw materials. Rice is usually bought and sold directly as a food product, not as a speculative commodity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Commodity exchanges primarily deal with raw materials and agricultural products that can be standardized and traded in bulk, often for future delivery. Rice, while a commodity, is less commonly a speculative traded commodity in this context compared to the others.

 

Question 3. _________ is marketing knowns as environmental marketing or Ecological marketing or Eco-friendly marketing or sustainable marketing
(a) Green
(b) Social
(c) Service
(d) Rural
Answer: (a) Green
In simple words: When marketing focuses on being kind to the Earth and selling things that don't harm the environment, it is called green marketing. It promotes products and practices that are safe for nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: The terms "environmental," "ecological," "eco-friendly," and "sustainable" are all synonyms for "green" in the context of marketing, emphasizing ecological responsibility.

 

Question 4. _________ Marketing is holistic with growing awareness about implications of Global warming Non-Bio degradable solid waste harmful impact of pollutants etc.
(a) Rural
(b) Traditional
(c) Service
(d) Green
Answer: (d) Green
In simple words: The type of marketing that looks at how products affect the planet, like global warming and trash, is called green marketing. It thinks about the whole picture of environmental impact.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Holistic" in this context refers to considering all environmental impacts throughout a product's lifecycle, which is a core principle of green marketing.

 

Question 5. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Referral marketing - Reference
(b) Content marketing - Communicating
(c) E-Tailing - Online
(d) Service marketing - Anti-drug
Answer: (d) Service marketing - Anti-drug
In simple words: Service marketing is about selling services, not about fighting drug use. Anti-drug campaigns are a part of social marketing, which aims to change behavior for social good.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful to distinguish between different marketing types. Service marketing focuses on intangible offerings, whereas social marketing (like anti-drug campaigns) aims for societal benefit and behavioral change.

 

Question 6. Select the odd one out.
(a) Electronic marketing
(b) Online marketing
(c) Web marketing
(d) Traditional marketing
Answer: (d) Traditional marketing
In simple words: Electronic, online, and web marketing all use digital channels like the internet. Traditional marketing uses older methods like TV, radio, and print.

🎯 Exam Tip: The options (a), (b), and (c) are all modern, digitally-driven forms of marketing. Option (d) stands out as it represents pre-digital marketing methods.

 

Question 7. Which one represents a cluster of manufacturers, content providers and online retailers organised around an activity?
(a) Virtual mall
(b) Association
(c) Metomediary
(d) Portal
Answer: (c) Metomediary
In simple words: A metomediary is like a central hub that brings together different online businesses, like makers, content creators, and sellers, all focused on one type of activity. It makes it easier for users to find what they need.

🎯 Exam Tip: Metomediaries are distinct from simple aggregators as they organize various entities around a specific activity or customer need, providing a more integrated experience.

 

Question 8. Green Shelter concept was introduced by group:
(a) ACME
(b) Tata
(c) Reliance
(d) ICI
Answer: (a) ACME
In simple words: The ACME group came up with the idea of a Green Shelter. This concept likely promotes environmentally friendly housing or sustainable living spaces.

🎯 Exam Tip: For specific facts like this, direct recall is important. Associating the concept with the correct group name is key.

II. Match The Following

 

Question 1. Match list -1 with list 2

(a) (i) 4, (ii) 3, (iii) 1, (iv) 2
(b) (i) 4, (ii) 3, (iii) 2, (iv) 1
(c) (i) 4, (ii) 2, (iii) 1, (iv) 3
(d) (i) 3, (ii) 1, (iii) 2, (iv) 4
Answer: (a) (i) 4, (ii) 3, (iii) 1, (iv) 2
In simple words: Green marketing is about eco-friendly products. Service marketing includes banking. Social marketing aims for things like road safety. Rural marketing often deals with everyday consumer goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Match each marketing type with its most defining characteristic or common example. Green marketing focuses on eco-friendly products, service marketing with intangibles like banking, social marketing with societal issues like road safety, and rural marketing often with consumer goods.

 

Question 2.

(a) (i) 4, (ii) 3, (iii) 2, (iv) 1
(b) (i) 3, (ii) 2, (iii) 1, (iv) 4
(c) (i) 2, (ii) 3, (iii) 1, (iv) 4
(d) (i) 1, (ii) 4, (iii) 3, (iv) 2
Answer: (c) (i) 2, (ii) 3, (iii) 1, (iv) 4
In simple words: Niche marketing targets a specific group. Viral marketing spreads like a virus from person to person. Ambush marketing gets attention without sponsorship. Guerrilla marketing uses unusual ways to promote things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the unique characteristic of each marketing strategy: Niche (targeted segment), Viral (organic spread), Ambush (no direct sponsorship), and Guerrilla (unconventional methods).

 

Question 3.

(a) (i) 4, (ii) 3, (iii) 2, (iv) 1
(b) (i) 4, (ii) 2, (iii) 3, (iv) 1
(c) (i) 4, (ii) 1, (iii) 3, (iv) 2
(d) (i) 1, (ii) 4, (iii) 2, (iv) 3
Answer: (a) (i) 4, (ii) 3, (iii) 2, (iv) 1
In simple words: Multilevel marketing brings in new sellers. Referral marketing spreads information by word of mouth. Content marketing is all about communicating. Commodity exchanges are where buyers accept deliveries of goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: For these matching questions, understand the core function of each item. Multilevel marketing involves recruitment, referral marketing focuses on word-of-mouth, content marketing on communication, and commodity exchanges on actual transactions of goods.

III. Assertion and Reason

 

Question 1. Assertion [A] : Actually there is no market in niche market Reason [B]: It is found by identifying the need of customers which are not served and under served by the competitions .
(a) A is true R is false
(b) A is false R is true
(c) A and R are true
(d) A and R are false
Answer: (c) A and R are true
In simple words: The statement that there is no market in a niche is true because it's about finding unmet needs. The reason is also true because niche markets are discovered by finding customers that competitors have not served well. Both ideas are correct and related.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true, then check if the reason correctly explains the assertion. A "niche market" implies a specific, unmet need, not a lack of market.

 

Question 2. Assertion [A]: "Offer more - for less " is a strategy to satisfy the consumers Reason [R ]: They use computers, laptops tablets smart-phone android phone to access different websites.
(a) A is true R is false
(b) A and R are true
(c) A and R are false
(d) A and R are false
Answer: (b) A and R are true
In simple words: The assertion states that offering more for less satisfies customers, which is true. The reason is also true, as people use many devices to go online. Both statements are correct, but the reason does not explain the assertion; they are just two separate true facts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful not to confuse two true statements with one statement being the correct explanation for the other. Here, both A and R are true independently.

IV. Short Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. What is B2B and B2C type of E-Commerce?
Answer: B2B and B2C are two main types of e-commerce, describing who sells to whom:
**B2B-Business to Business:**
• In this model, businesses conduct transactions with other businesses over the internet.
• [eg] Flipkart (This is a common example for B2C, but in a B2B context, Flipkart could also sell to other businesses for bulk purchases or IT solutions).
**B2C-Business to consumer:**
• In this model, businesses sell goods and services directly to individual consumers.
• [eg] Shopping zone (An online shopping area where individual customers buy products).
Both models streamline transactions through digital platforms.
In simple words: B2B means one business sells to another business online. B2C means a business sells directly to a regular customer online.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define B2B as business-to-business transactions and B2C as business-to-consumer transactions, providing a relevant example for each to illustrate the difference.

V. Long Answer Questions.

 

Question 1. Describe the various strategies pursued in recent day's marketers.
Answer:

There are several marketing strategies used by marketers today:

• Viral Marketing: This technique makes a marketing message spread very quickly from user to user. It works like a virus, causing the message to become visible to many people at an increasing rate. It creates interest in a product or brand through messages that are rapidly shared, often on social media like YouTube, Facebook, or Twitter, for urgent causes such as needing blood donations.
• Guerrilla Marketing: This is an advertising method that uses unexpected and creative ways to promote products or services. It often takes place in public areas such as streets, malls, parks, or beaches, aiming to grab attention in an unconventional way.
• Referral Marketing: This strategy involves promoting products or services to new customers through existing, satisfied customers. It relies on the power of word-of-mouth and trusted recommendations.
• Ambush Marketing: This is a method where an advertiser tries to connect their product to a major event in the minds of potential customers, without actually paying to be an official sponsor of that event. For example, if company X sponsors a cricket match, company Y might have people wear its branded T-shirts in the audience, gaining visibility at company X's expense.
• Multilevel Marketing: In this sales strategy, direct sales companies encourage their current distributors to recruit new distributors. These new recruits then help in selling goods and services, expanding the sales network.
• Content Marketing: This is the practice of communicating with customers and potential clients by providing valuable and relevant content, rather than directly selling. The goal is to build trust and educate the audience, leading to interest over time.

In simple words: Modern marketers use different tricks: "viral marketing" to spread messages fast, "guerrilla marketing" for surprising ads in public, "referral marketing" when happy customers tell others, "ambush marketing" to link to events without paying, "multilevel marketing" to get more sellers, and "content marketing" to share helpful information.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing marketing strategies, always provide a clear definition and a simple example to illustrate how each technique works in practice.

 

Question 2. Compare the concept of social marketing with service marketing.
Answer:

In simple words: Social marketing tries to make society better by changing behaviors (like stopping smoking). Service marketing is about selling things you can't touch, like banking or insurance, directly to customers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing, create a clear table with distinct points for each category. Use simple, contrasting statements to highlight the differences and similarities between the concepts.