Samacheer Kalvi Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Early Revolts against British Rule in Tamil Nadu

Question 1. Who was the first Palayakkarars to resist the East India Company's policy of territorial aggrandisement?
(a) Marudhu brothers
(b) Puli Thevar
(c) Velunachiyar
(d) Veerapandya Kattabomman
Answer: (b) Puli Thevar
In simple words: Puli Thevar was the first among the local chiefs in Tamil Nadu to stand against the British East India Company's efforts to take over more land. He openly defied their plans to expand their territory.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to associate Puli Thevar as the pioneer in resisting British territorial expansion in Tamil Nadu, as this is a key historical fact.

 

Question 2. Who had borrowed money from the East India Company to meet the expenses he had incurred during the Carnatic wars?
(a) Velunachiyar
(b) Puli Thevar
(c) Nawab of Arcot
(d) Raja of Travancore
Answer: (c) Nawab of Arcot
In simple words: The Nawab of Arcot had taken loans from the British East India Company because he spent a lot of money fighting in the Carnatic wars. This debt caused future problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the financial dependency created by the Carnatic wars, as it often led to political control by the British.

 

Question 3. Who had established close relationship with the three agents of Chanda Sahib?
(a) Velunachiyar
(b) Kattabomman
(c) Puli Thevar
(d) Oomai thurai
Answer: (c) Puli Thevar
In simple words: Puli Thevar worked closely with the three representatives of Chanda Sahib, showing how local leaders formed alliances against common enemies. This connection was important for his resistance efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Alliances between local rulers and other powers were crucial in early revolts against British expansion, so understanding who allied with whom is important.

 

Question 4. Where was Sivasubramanianar executed?
(a) Kayathar
(b) Nagalapuram
(c) Virupachi
(d) Panchalamkurichi
Answer: (b) Nagalapuram
In simple words: Sivasubramanianar, a key leader, was put to death in Nagalapuram. This was a significant event in the early revolts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific locations of key historical events like executions helps in understanding the timeline and impact of the revolts.

 

Question 5. Who issued the Tiruchirappalli proclamation of Independence?
(a) Marudhu brothers
(b) Puli Thevar
(c) Veerapandya Kattabomman
(d) Gopala Nayak
Answer: (a) Marudhu brothers
In simple words: The Marudhu brothers were the ones who put out the Tiruchirappalli proclamation. This public announcement declared independence and called people to fight against the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Tiruchirappalli Proclamation is a landmark document; remember its authors and its purpose as a call for unity against British rule.

 

Question 6. When did the Vellore Revolt breakout?
(a) 24 May 1805
(b) 10 July 1805
(c) 10 July 1806
(d) 10 September 1806
Answer: (c) 10 July 1806
In simple words: The Vellore Revolt, a major uprising, began on July 10, 1806. This revolt showed the growing anger against British policies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of major revolts are important. Always remember "10 July 1806" for the Vellore Revolt.

 

Question 7. Who was the Commander-in-Chief responsible for the new military regulations in
(a) Col. Fancourt
(b) Major Armstrong
(c) Sir John Cradock
(d) Colonel Agnew
Answer: (c) Sir John Cradock
In simple words: Sir John Cradock was the top military officer who introduced the new army rules. These rules greatly upset the Indian soldiers, leading to unrest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the role of key figures. Sir John Cradock's new regulations were a direct cause of the Vellore Revolt.

 

Question 8. Where were the sons of Tipu Sultan sent after the Vellore Revolt?
(a) Calcutta
(b) Mumbai
(c) Delhi
(d) Mysore
Answer: (a) Calcutta
In simple words: After the Vellore Revolt, Tipu Sultan's sons were moved to Calcutta. This was done to prevent them from becoming symbols of further rebellion.

🎯 Exam Tip: The British often moved influential figures to distant places to reduce their local power and prevent further uprisings. Note the destination city.

 

II. Fill in the blanks
Answer:
1. The Palayakkarars system was put in place in Tamil Nadu by Viswanatha Nayaka of Madurai.
2. Except the Palayakkarars of Sivagiri, all other western Palayakkarars supported Puli Thevar.
3. Velunachiyar and her daughter were under the protection of Gopala Nayakar for eight years.
4. Bennerman deputed Ramalinganar to convey his message, asking Kattabomman to surrender.
5. Kattabomman was hanged to death at Kayathar.
6. The Rebellion of Marudhu Brothers was categorized in the British records as the Second Palayakarar war.
7. Fateh Hyder (the eldest son of Tipu Sultan) was declared the new Sultan by the rebels in Vellore Fort.
8. Colonel. Gillespie suppressed the revolt in Vellore Fort.
In simple words: This section covers important historical facts about the Palayakkarar system, key figures like Puli Thevar and Velunachiyar, details of the Vellore Revolt, and the fate of prominent rebels like Kattabomman. Filling in these blanks helps reinforce knowledge of significant individuals and events in the early revolts.

🎯 Exam Tip: For fill-in-the-blanks, accurate recall of names, places, and key terms is essential. Pay attention to dates and the roles of individuals.

 

III. Choose the correct statement

 

Question 1.
(i) The Palayakkarars system was in practice in the Kakatiya Kingdom.
(ii) Puli Thevar recaptured Nerkattumseval in 1764 after the death of Khan Sahib.
(iii) Yusuf Khan who was negotiating with the Palayakkarars, without informing the Company administration was charged with treachery and hanged in 1764.
(iv) Ondiveeran led one of the army units of Kattabomman.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (iii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
In simple words: Statements (i), (ii), and (iii) are true. The Palayakkarar system was indeed used in the Kakatiya Kingdom, Puli Thevar did retake Nerkattumseval, and Yusuf Khan was executed for secret talks. Ondiveeran was part of Velunachiyar's army, not Kattabomman's, making statement (iv) incorrect.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating multiple statements, carefully check each fact. Even one incorrect detail can make an entire option wrong.

 

Question 2.
(i) Under Colonel Campbell, the English Army went along with Mahfuzkhan's army.
(ii) Malaiyar Kovil battle, Marudhu Brothers assisted Velunachiyar in restoring the throne to her.
(iii) Gopala Nayak spearheaded the famous Dindigul League.
(iv) In May 1799 Cornwallis ordered the advance of Company armies to Tirunelveli.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
In simple words: Statements (ii) and (iii) are accurate. The Marudhu brothers helped Velunachiyar in the Malaiyar Kovil battle, and Gopala Nayak was a key figure in the Dindigul League. Statements (i) and (iv) contain inaccuracies regarding the commanders and dates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on identifying the key figures and their correct roles in historical events. Double-check names and actions associated with battles and alliances.

 

Question 3. Assertion (A): Puli Thevar tried to get the support of Hyder Ali and the French. Reason (R): Hyder Ali could not help Puli Thevar as he was already in a serious conflict with the Marathas.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
Answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Puli Thevar did try to get help from Hyder Ali and the French. However, Hyder Ali was busy fighting the Marathas at that time, so he couldn't offer the help Puli Thevar needed. The reason directly explains why Puli Thevar's attempt for support was unsuccessful.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true. Then, determine if the Reason logically explains the Assertion. Look for cause-and-effect relationships.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): Apart from the new military Regulations the most objectionable was the addition of a leather cockade in the turban. Reason (R): The leather cockade was made of animal skin.
(a) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: The new army rules introduced a leather badge (cockade) on the turban, which was very offensive to Indian soldiers. This was because the badge was made from animal skin, which went against their religious beliefs and traditions. The reason clearly explains why the cockade was objectionable.

🎯 Exam Tip: When dealing with cultural or religious reasons for revolts, understanding the specific details, like why a particular item was offensive, is crucial for full marks.

 

IV. Match the following

 

Answer:
A. (v)
B. (iii)
C. (ii)
D. (i)
E. (iv)
In simple words: This match-the-following connects important historical figures and places with their correct associations during the early revolts. Theerthagiri relates to Odanilai, Gopala Nayak to Dindigul, Bannerman to Ramalinganar, Subedar Sheik Adam to Vellore Revolt, and Col. Fancourt to Vellore Fort.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the key associations between individuals, places, and events to correctly match them in exams. Flashcards can be helpful for this.

 

V. Answer the questions briefly

 

Question 1. What were the duties of the Palayakkarars?
Answer: The Palayakkarars had several key responsibilities. They collected taxes from their area, managed the territory, settled disagreements, and maintained peace and order. Additionally, these local chiefs often helped the Nayak rulers get their kingdoms back during difficult times, showing their loyalty and military strength. They played a vital role in local administration and defense.
In simple words: Palayakkarars collected taxes, managed their land, solved problems, kept peace, and sometimes helped Nayak rulers regain their kingdoms.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the duties of administrative figures like Palayakkarars, ensure you include their fiscal (tax collection), judicial (dispute resolution), and military (maintaining order, assisting rulers) roles.

 

Question 2. Name the two prominent blocs of Palayams and their sub-divisions.
Answer: The two main groups of Palayams were the Eastern and Western Palayams. The Eastern Palayams included places like Sattur, Nagalapuram, Ettayapuram, and Panchalamkurichi. The Western Palayams were made up of areas such as Uthumalai, Thallawankottai, Naduvakurichi, Singampatti, and Seithur. Understanding these divisions helps in mapping the regions of influence during the revolts.
In simple words: There were two main groups of Palayams: Eastern, which had Sattur and Nagalapuram, and Western, which had Uthumalai and Singampatti.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise when listing geographical divisions and their sub-parts. Grouping them correctly demonstrates a clear understanding of the region's historical political structure.

 

Question 3. Why was Heron dismissed from service?
Answer: Colonel Heron was asked to deal with Puli Thevar because Puli Thevar kept defying the British East India Company's authority. Puli Thevar had a lot of influence over the Western Palayakkarars. However, Heron had to stop his plans because he lacked cannons, supplies, and money to pay his soldiers. After this failure, he went back to Madurai, was then called back, and finally removed from his position. His inability to suppress Puli Thevar effectively led to his dismissal.
In simple words: Colonel Heron was fired because he could not defeat Puli Thevar. He lacked cannons and supplies, so he failed to carry out his orders.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining why someone was dismissed, state the primary objective they failed to achieve and the key reasons for their failure clearly.

 

Question 4. What led to the battle of Kalakadu?
Answer: Several events led to the Battle of Kalakadu. Firstly, the East India Company, with support from Arcot Nawab Mohamed Ali, wanted to control Madurai and Tirunelveli, which were under Nawab Chandra Sahib's agents. Secondly, these agents had the support of local Tamil Palayakkarars and were close to Puli Thevar. Thirdly, an army led by Mahfuzkhan was sent to capture Tirunelveli. Fourthly, before Mahfuzkhan could set up his troops near Kalakadu, 2,000 soldiers from Travancore joined Puli Thevar's forces. This combined force faced Mahfuzkhan's troops, who were then completely defeated in the Battle of Kalakadu. The organized resistance by the Palayakkarars under Puli Thevar then gave the English an excuse to get involved directly in Tirunelveli's affairs.
In simple words: The Battle of Kalakadu happened because the British wanted control of Madurai and Tirunelveli. Local Palayakkarars and Puli Thevar got help from Travancore soldiers. These forces clashed with the British army led by Mahfuzkhan, who lost the battle.

🎯 Exam Tip: For cause-and-effect questions, list the contributing factors in a logical sequence. Highlight the key players and their actions that led to the event.

 

Question 5. What was the bone of contention between the Company and Kattabomman?
Answer: The main disagreement between the British East India Company and Kattabomman was about collecting taxes. The Company appointed its own tax collectors to gather revenue from all the Palayams. These collectors often insulted the Palayakkarars and used force to collect taxes. This humiliation and the aggressive collection methods for the taxes were the central issues that caused conflict between the English and Kattabomman. The revenue collection system became a major source of tension.
In simple words: The main problem between the Company and Kattabomman was about collecting taxes. The Company's collectors mistreated local chiefs and used force, which made Kattabomman very angry.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing conflicts, clearly identify the core issue. Here, "tax collection" and the "methods of collection" are the essential points to mention.

 

Question 6. Highlight the essence of the Tiruchirappalli Proclamation of 1801.
Answer:
1. The Proclamation of 1801 was an early appeal for all Indians to unite and fight against the British.
2. Many Palayakkarars joined the rebellion, and Chinna Maruthu gathered nearly 20,000 men to challenge the British.
3. Other rulers from Dindigul, Travancore, Jayapuram, and Thanjavur also supported the British.
4. In May 1801, the English attacked the rebels in Thanjavur and Trichy, causing the rebels to fail.
5. Even though the Palayakkarars were defeated by the English, their brave actions and sacrifices inspired future generations.
6. The rebellion led by the Marudhu brothers is a very important event in Tamil Nadu's history.
7. This rebellion is also known as the "South Indian Rebellion."
The proclamation represented a significant attempt to consolidate resistance against colonial rule.
In simple words: The Tiruchirappalli Proclamation of 1801 called for Indians to unite against the British. Many local chiefs and a large army joined. Even though they failed, their fight became an important part of history, also known as the "South Indian Rebellion."

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a historical proclamation, make sure to include its primary objective (unity against British), key participants, immediate outcomes (failure), and long-term significance (inspiration, historical landmark).

 

Question 7. Point out the importance of the Treaty of 1801.
Answer: The Treaty of Carnatic, signed on July 31, 1801, was very important. According to its terms, the British gained direct control over Tamilagam. This treaty also brought an end to the Palayakkarar system. All the forts were destroyed, and their armies were disbanded. This agreement effectively solidified British power and dismantled the traditional system of local chieftaincies in the region. It marked a major shift in the political landscape of Tamil Nadu.
In simple words: The Treaty of 1801 gave the British full control over Tamilagam. It also ended the Palayakkarar system by destroying their forts and armies.

🎯 Exam Tip: For treaties, always mention the date, the main terms (who gained what), and the immediate consequences for the parties involved, especially long-term political changes.

 

VI. Answer the questions given under each caption

 

Question 1. Velunachiyar
(a) Who was the military chief of Velunachiyar?
Answer: The military chief of Velunachiyar was 'Thandavarayanar'. He played a crucial role in leading her army.
In simple words: Velunachiyar's army was led by Thandavarayanar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of key supporting characters, as they often played vital roles in historical events.

 

(b) What were the martial arts in which she was trained?
Answer: Velunachiyar was trained in several martial arts, including valari, stick fighting, and the skill to use various weapons. Her diverse training made her a formidable leader and warrior.
In simple words: She was trained in valari, stick fighting, and using different weapons.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a historical figure's skills, be specific about the types of training or arts they mastered.

 

(c) Whom did she marry?
Answer: She married Muthu Vadugar, who was the Raja of Sivagangai. This marriage connected her to a powerful royal family.
In simple words: She married Muthu Vadugar, the king of Sivagangai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Family connections and marital alliances were very important in historical power dynamics; remember the spouse of key figures.

 

(d) What was the name of her daughter?
Answer: Her daughter's name was Vellachinachiyar. She was the successor to the royal lineage.
In simple words: Her daughter was named Vellachinachiyar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key family members, especially heirs, are often important details in questions about royal lineages or successions.

 

Question 2. Dheeran Chinnamalai
(a) When was Dheeran Chinnamalai born?
Answer: Dheeran Chinnamalai was born in the year 1756, into the Mandradiar royal family of Palayakottai. His birth year places him during a period of rising British influence.
In simple words: Dheeran Chinnamalai was born in 1756 in the royal family of Palayakottai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Birth years of historical figures help to place them in the correct historical context. Always note specific dates if provided.

 

(b) How did he earn the title "Chinnamalai”?
Answer: Dheeran Chinnamalai earned his title after an incident involving Tipu Sultan's diwan, Mohammed Ali. When Mohammed Ali was returning to Mysore with tax money, Theerthagiri (Chinnamalai's original name) blocked his path and took all the money. He then let Mohammed Ali go, but told him to inform his Sultan that 'Chinnamalai', who was from Sivamalai and Chinnamalai, was the one who took the taxes. This bold act, along with his leadership qualities, earned him the name 'Dheeran Chennamalai'. This showed his defiance against authority.
In simple words: Dheeran Chinnamalai got his name by taking tax money from Tipu Sultan's officer, Mohammed Ali. He told Mohammed Ali to say that "Chinnamalai" took the money, showing his bravery.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining how someone earned a title, recount the specific event or act that led to it. Focus on the actions that highlighted their character.

 

(c) Name the Diwan of Tipu Sultan.
Answer: The Diwan of Tipu Sultan was Mohammed Ali. He was a high-ranking official responsible for administration.
In simple words: Tipu Sultan's top official was Mohammed Ali.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with names and titles of historical figures. Knowing key officials helps understand the administrative structure of the time.

 

(d) Why and where was he hanged to death?
Answer: Dheeran Chinnamalai was hanged to death at the Sankagiri Fort on July 31, 1805. He was executed because he refused to accept the rule of the British. His defiance made him a martyr for the cause of independence.
In simple words: He was hanged at Sankagiri Fort on July 31, 1805, because he would not accept British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: For executions, remember the exact date, location, and the reason given for the punishment, as these details are important historical markers.

 

VII. Answer in detail

 

Question 1. Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandya Kattabomman conducted against the East India Company.
Answer: The heroic fight of Veerapandya Kattabomman against the East India Company was marked by several key events that led to intense conflicts. His resistance became a symbol of defiance against British rule.

Event 1: Revenue Disputes
1. In 1781, a treaty with the Mysore Sultan gave the East India Company the right to collect taxes from Panchalamkurichi, where Veerapandiya Kattabomman ruled.
2. The Company appointed collectors to gather taxes from all the local Palayams.
3. These collectors often used force and insulted the Palayakkarars while collecting taxes. This aggressive tax collection was the main cause of disagreement between the English and Kattabomman.

Event 2: Confrontation with Collector Jackson
1. Collector Jackson, against the wishes of the Madras Government, wanted to send an army to collect taxes from Kattabomman. He arrogantly ordered Kattabomman to meet him in Ramanathapuram.
2. Kattabomman's attempts to meet him failed because Jackson refused. Eventually, Kattabomman was made to wait for three hours before the proud collector.
3. Feeling danger, Kattabomman escaped with his brother's help. This dramatic escape further intensified the conflict.
4. Upon returning to Panchalamkurichi, Kattabomman complained about Collector Jackson to the Madras Government.

Event 3: Joining the Confederacy and Final Conflict
1. Inspired by the Tiruchirappalli proclamation of independence by the Marudhu brothers, Kattabomman decided to join a group against the British.
2. Kattabomman and the Marudhu brothers together planned a confrontation with the English.
3. Kattabomman advanced towards Sivagiri, which was under the control of the Company. This action was seen as a direct challenge to British authority.
4. Under the command of Bannerman, an ultimatum was given to Kattabomman on September 1, 1799, demanding his surrender.
5. Kattabomman's evasive response led Bannerman to attack the Fort of Panchalamkurichi.
6. Kattabomman managed to escape to Pudukottai.
7. The British then offered a reward for his capture.
8. He was betrayed by the Rajas of Ettayapuram and Pudukottai and was arrested.
9. During his trial before other Palayakkarars, he bravely admitted all the charges against him.
10. He was hanged to death at Kayathar, near Tirunelveli, on October 16.
11. His courage and bravery were later celebrated in traditional Indian songs and stories.

Outcomes:
* The Marudhu brothers were executed in the fort of Tirupathur near Ramanathapuram on October 24, 1801.
* Oomaithurai and Sevathaiah were captured and beheaded at Panchalamkuruchi on November 16, 1801.
* Seventy-three rebels were sent away to Penang in Malaya.
* Although the Palayakkarars were defeated, their brave actions and sacrifices inspired future generations. These revolts laid the groundwork for later independence movements.
In simple words: Kattabomman bravely fought the East India Company over unfair taxes and British power. He defied Collector Jackson and later joined forces with the Marudhu brothers. After a long struggle, he was captured due to betrayal and hanged. His rebellion, though unsuccessful, became a symbol of courage and inspired many others to fight for freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: For essay questions, structure your answer chronologically with clear headings (like Event 1, Event 2, Outcomes). Include key individuals, dates, and locations, focusing on the cause-and-effect relationships.

 

Question 3. Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806.
Answer: The Vellore Revolt of 1806 was caused by several factors, which together created deep unrest among the Indian soldiers. The primary trigger was new military regulations introduced by Commander-in-Chief Sir John Cradock. These regulations deeply offended the religious and cultural sentiments of the Indian sepoys.

Causes for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806:
1. **Low Salary and Poor Promotion:** Sepoys in the British Indian Army felt strong anger because they received low salaries and had very few chances for promotion.
2. **Disrespect for Religious Sentiments:** English officers showed disrespect for the social and religious beliefs of Indian sepoys, which further angered them.
3. **Economic Hardship:** Many sepoy families faced severe financial problems due to a famine in 1805 and new, difficult land tenure policies.
4. **Imprisonment of Tipu's Sons:** The presence of Tipu Sultan's sons and his family members in Vellore Fort, under British custody, became a rallying point for discontent.
5. **Offensive Military Regulations:** The most immediate cause was the introduction of new military rules. Indian soldiers were not allowed to wear caste marks or earrings while in uniform. They were also told to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. The most disliked part was the leather cockade (a badge) added to their turbans, which was made of animal skin and offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. Those who refused to follow these rules were severely punished.
These combined grievances ignited the revolt on July 10, 1806, when soldiers of the 1st and 23rd regiments rose up in rebellion.
In simple words: The Vellore Revolt started because Indian soldiers were unhappy with low pay and no promotions. British officers disrespected their religious feelings. A famine and new land rules made families poor. Tipu Sultan's sons being held in Vellore Fort also fueled anger. The main spark was new army rules that forced soldiers to change their appearance and wear leather badges made from animal skin, which offended their beliefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing causes of a revolt, categorize them (e.g., economic, social, religious, political) and ensure you explain how each factor contributed to the unrest. For the Vellore Revolt, the military regulations and the presence of Tipu's family are critical points.

VIII. Activity

 

Question 1. Teacher can ask the students to prepare an album of patriotic leaders of early revolts against the British rule in Tamil Nadu. Using their imagination they can also draw pictures of different battles in which they attained martyrdom.
Answer: Here is a list of patriotic leaders from the early revolts against British rule in Tamil Nadu, which students can use for their album:
1. Subramaniya Bharathiyar
2. Kumaraswamy Mudaliar (also known as Tiruppur Kumaran)
3. Velunachiyar
4. Vanchinathan
5. Veerapandia Kattabomman
6. V.O. Chidambaram
7. Dheeran Chinnamalai
9. The Maruthu Pandiyar brothers (Periya Maruthu, Chinna Maruthu)
10. Puli Thevar
In simple words: Students can make a picture album of freedom fighters from Tamil Nadu. They can draw pictures of these leaders and their battles.

🎯 Exam Tip: When doing activity-based questions, always ensure your output clearly lists the required elements (like names here) and follows any creative instructions given, such as drawing or describing.

 

Question 2. Stage play visualising the conversation between Jackson and Kattabomman be attempted by students with the help of teachers.
Answer: This activity involves creating a stage play to show the conversation between Collector Jackson and Kattabomman. Here's a brief outline and dialogue for the play:
Stage play – Conversation between Jackson and Kattabomman.
Participants: Characters – Kattabomman, Subramanianar, Oomaithurai, Collector Jackson, Company officials, soldiers.

Scene – 1: Kattabomman's Court.
A company official is reading the notice issued by collector Jackson.
(Kattabomman's soldier asks permission to let in the company official)

Sepoy: Maharaja, an English East India Company servant has brought a message for you. Shall I ask him to come in? I seek your permission.

Kattabomman: Allow him. (Servant enters)

Servant: Maharaja (Reading the message), "I, the collector of Ramnad, am issuing an order for Kattabomman to meet me in person."

Kattabomman: Yes, you can go.

Scene – 2
Kattabomman, his Minister, and some soldiers go to meet Jackson after hearing he is camping at a place showing Courtallam.

Voice: Collector has gone to Srivilliputtur.
(Placard showing Srivilliputur)
Signage: (You are asked to come to Ramanathapuram)

Scene – 3: Ramanathapuram Fort
Kattabomman waits outside the gate to meet the Collector. After an hour, he is asked to go inside the court of Collector Jackson.

Jackson: (Noticing him intentionally) I am...
Kattabomman: I am Kattabomman, who is Collector Jackson?
Jackson: (Angrily) Hey, who are you calling me by name?
Kattabomman: I am Kattabomman. I want to know who you are? Are you asking me the question?
(Jackson gets further irritated)
Jackson: I am Collector Jackson. Are you the defiant Kattabomman?
Kattabomman: I want to know for what reason I was asked to come over here. It feels like a coward ran and came to Ramanathapuram, Mr. Jackson.
(Jackson charges Kattabomman with not paying tribute or tax arrears.)
(Jackson, irritated by his command, shouts)
Kattabomman: Whom do you expect to pay tribute or taxes? Me? Why should I pay taxes? It's our land; nature gives water to the field. We the people till the land, sow the seeds, plant the saplings, water the field, nurture the plants, and remove the weeds. What work have you done to ask for tax?
Jackson: Hey man, Kattabomman, you are talking too much! Your region belongs to us.
Kattabomman: (Laughing) Is that so? Who gave you the right of possession?
Jackson: (Furiated yelling) Guards, arrest him!
(Guards enter)
Kattabomman: (Sensing the danger, takes out his sword and escapes from that place) (Screen goes black)
In simple words: Students can act out the meeting between Kattabomman and Collector Jackson. The play shows Jackson demanding taxes and Kattabomman refusing, leading to a tense standoff and Kattabomman's escape.

🎯 Exam Tip: For stage play activities, clearly define characters, scenes, and dialogue. Ensure the conversation reflects the historical context and the characters' personalities accurately.

 

Question 3. A comparative study of Vellore Revolt and 1857 Revolt by students be tried enabling them to find out to what extent Vellore Revolt had all the forebodings of the latter.
Answer: The Vellore Revolt of 1806 and the Great Revolt of 1857 shared several common causes, showing that Vellore was a precursor to the later, larger uprising. Both revolts arose from deep discontent among Indian soldiers under British rule. Here are the common causes for both the Vellore Revolt and the Revolt of 1857:

Vellore Revolt:
1. Most of the British army soldiers were well-trained Indian troops, mainly Hindus and Muslims, recruited from various Palayams.
2. There was much resentment among soldiers due to low salaries and limited promotion opportunities.
3. The most disliked reason was the introduction of the new Agnew Turban, which had a leather cockade (decoration) made of animal skin. This went against religious sentiments.
4. The uprising was well-planned, and soldiers at Vellore Fort shot down many colonels.
5. The new military regulations, which included the Agnew Turban, were an immediate trigger. Indian soldiers were forced to shave their beards and moustaches and were not allowed to wear caste marks or earrings in uniform.
6. Those who refused to wear the turban were severely punished, causing great anger.
7. The revolt spread to other areas like Bellary, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Sankagiri, Walajabad, and Nandydurg.
8. Fateh Hyder, Tipu Sultan's son, was declared as the leader by the rebels.
9. On 10th July 1806, in the early hours, guns were fired, and Indian sepoys of the 1st and 23rd regiments began the revolt.

Revolt of 1857:
1. The majority of soldiers were Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims, outnumbering the English officers.
2. Soldiers also faced low salaries and inferior treatment compared to their British counterparts.
3. British conversion activities and interference in Indian culture deeply affected the religious sentiments of the sepoys.
4. The revolt began with the Bengal regiment.
5. The introduction of greased cartridges, which were smeared with animal fat (beef and pork), was a major cause.
6. Indian soldiers were forced to use these cartridges, violating their religious beliefs.
7. The revolt spread to many places like Kanpur, Delhi, Oudh, Jhansi, Lucknow, and Bihar.
8. Emperor Bahadur Shah II of Delhi was made the leader and declared the emperor of India.

These points clearly show that the Vellore Revolt had many similarities and early signs that were later seen in the larger Revolt of 1857. Both were driven by military grievances, religious disrespect, and desires for self-rule. It served as an important lesson for the British on the deep impact of cultural insensitivity.
In simple words: Both the Vellore Revolt of 1806 and the 1857 Revolt happened because Indian soldiers were unhappy. They were paid less, treated badly, and forced to follow new rules that disrespected their religion, like changing their uniforms or using cartridges covered in animal fat. Vellore was like a small version of the bigger 1857 revolt, showing similar reasons for anger.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing historical events, always identify common causes and distinct features. Using bullet points or numbered lists helps organize information clearly for a comparative analysis.

I. Choose the Correct Answer

 

Question 1. Palayakkarars in Tamil refers to the:
(a) Holders of a little kingdom as a feudatory.
(b) Revenue collectors of the British
(c) Rebels of the Carnatic region
(d) Commanders of Nawab of Arcot
Answer: (a) Holders of a little kingdom as a feudatory.
In simple words: Palayakkarars were like local chiefs who controlled small areas, acting as representatives of a bigger ruler.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the key terms in history. Knowing the definition of "Palayakkarars" is crucial for questions related to early revolts in Tamil Nadu.

 

Question 2. Palayakkarars police duties were known as ........................
(a) Padikaval
(b) Village Kaval
(c) Irravu Kaval
(d) Commanders of Nawab of Arcot
Answer: (a) Padikaval
In simple words: The police work done by the Palayakkarars was called Padikaval.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize specific terms and their meanings related to administrative structures of historical periods.

 

Question 3. The first female ruler of Sivagangai who resisted the colonial power of the British:
(a) Jhansi Rani Lakshmibai
(b) Rani Mangammal
(c) Velunachiyar
(d) Kuyili
Answer: (c) Velunachiyar
In simple words: Velunachiyar was the very first woman ruler from Sivagangai who fought against the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important historical figures, especially those who were pioneers in resisting colonial rule.

 

Question 4. in 1767.
(a) Khan Sahib
(b) Captain Campbell
(c) Hyder Ali
(d) Colonel Agnew
Answer: (b) Captain Campbell
In simple words: In the year 1767, Captain Campbell played a key role in an event or battle. This often involved his leadership in military campaigns against local rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions with incomplete text, try to infer the context from the options and answer. If "in 1767" is given, it's usually asking about a significant person or event of that year. It's often safer to stick to verbatim text if the actual question is clearly missing.

 

Question 5. The British commander who put down the Vellore revolt was:
(a) Bannerman
(b) William Bentinck
(c) Sir John Cradock
(d) Colonel Gillespie
Answer: (d) Colonel Gillespie
In simple words: Colonel Gillespie was the British leader who stopped the Vellore Revolt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key figures in major historical events, especially leaders and commanders, are frequently tested. Remember their names and their specific roles.

 

Question 6. Who was Mahfuzkhan?
(a) Brother of the Nawab of Arcot
(b) Minister of the Nawab of Arcot
(c) Brother of Yusuf Khan
(d) Indian sepoy in the British army
Answer: (a) Brother of the Nawab of Arcot
In simple words: Mahfuzkhan was the brother of the Nawab of Arcot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the relationships and positions of important personalities helps in understanding the political landscape of the time.

 

Question 7. Veerapandiya Kattabomman was the Palayakkarar of :
(a) Sivagangai
(b) Sivagiri
(c) Nagalapuram
(d) Panchalamkurichi
Answer: (d) Panchalamkurichi
In simple words: Veerapandiya Kattabomman was the chief, or Palayakkarar, of the region called Panchalamkurichi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect important leaders with their respective territories or regions. This helps map out the geographical influence of historical figures.

 

Question 8. Where did Kattabomman escape?
(a) Ettayapuram
(b) Coimbatore
(c) Pudukottai
(d) Tarapuram
Answer: (c) Pudukottai
In simple words: Kattabomman escaped to a place called Pudukottai after facing trouble.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific details like places of escape or significant events, as they often appear in factual questions.

 

Question 9. On his return to Panchalamkurichi ........................ represented to the Madras council.
(a) Kattabomman
(b) Marudhu brothers
(c) Puli Thevar
(d) Dheeran chinnamalai
Answer: (a) Kattabomman
In simple words: When Kattabomman came back to Panchalamkurichi, he spoke to the Madras council about his issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key individual who took a particular action, especially when it involves official representations or appeals to higher authorities.

 

Question 10. Which city was annexed at the end of the Anglo-Mysore War in 1799?
(a) Ramanathapuram
(b) Coimbatore
(c) Panchalamkuruchi
(d) Tiruchirappalli
Answer: (b) Coimbatore
In simple words: At the end of the war between the British and Mysore in 1799, the city of Coimbatore became part of British territory.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the dates and outcomes of major wars, especially which territories were gained or lost, as these are significant historical facts.

 

Question 11. Jackson was dismissed from service and a new collector ........................ was appointed.
(a) Syed
(b) Clarke
(c) William Brown
(d) S.R Lushington
Answer: (d) S.R Lushington
In simple words: After Jackson was removed from his job, S.R. Lushington was chosen as the new collector.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep track of administrative changes, such as appointments and dismissals of key officials, as they often reflect shifts in power or policy.

 

Question 12. Kattabomman cleared all the revenue arrears leaving only a balance of ........................ pagodas.
(a) 1180
(b) 1080
(c) 1801
(d) 1108
Answer: (b) 1080
In simple words: Kattabomman paid almost all his old tax money, but still owed 1080 pagodas. This shows a partial effort to comply with demands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numerical figures related to taxes, payments, or arrears are important details to remember for historical questions.

 

Question 13. Yadhul Nayak was the Palayakkarar of:
(a) Coimbatore
(b) Dindigul
(c) Anamalai
(d) Kamudhi
Answer: (c) Anamalai
In simple words: Yadhul Nayak was the chief, or Palayakkarar, of the Anamalai region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Match leaders with their respective regions to understand the political map of the time. This detail is often used in multiple-choice questions.

 

Question 14. Oomathurai and Sevathaiah the two brothers of Kattabomman escaped from the Palayamkottai prison to:
(a) Kamudhi
(b) Sivagangai
(c) Kerala
(d) Thiruchirappalli
Answer: (a) Kamudhi
In simple words: Kattabomman's brothers, Oomathurai and Sevathaiah, broke out of Palayamkottai prison and went to Kamudhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key events involving escapes or movements of significant figures are important. Knowing where they went helps trace their activities.

 

Question 15. ........................ involved in setting the disputes in the Kongu region.
(a) Dheeran chinnamalai
(b) Velunachiyar
(c) Oomathurai
(d) Gopala Nayak
Answer: (a) Dheeran chinnamalai
In simple words: Dheeran Chinnamalai helped solve arguments and problems in the Kongu region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the roles played by various historical figures, such as mediators or leaders in conflict resolution for specific regions.

II. Fill in the Blanks

 

Question 1. The word Palayam means a domain, a military camp or a little kingdom.
Answer: Palayam
In simple words: Palayam refers to a small kingdom or a military area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always define key historical terms accurately. Understanding basic vocabulary is fundamental to mastering the subject.

 

Question 2. The Palayakkarar system was in practice during the rule of Prataba Rudhra of Warangal in the Kakatiya kingdom.
Answer: Prataba Rudhra
In simple words: The system of Palayakkarars was first used during the time of Prataba Rudhra in the Kakatiya kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link administrative systems with the rulers or periods during which they were established or practiced.

 

Question 3. The police duties of Palayakkarars were known as Padikaval or Arasukaval.
Answer: Padikaval or Arasukaval
In simple words: The Palayakkarars' job of keeping law and order was called Padikaval or Arasukaval.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize and recall specific terms used for administrative functions in historical contexts, as these are factual recall points.

 

Question 4. The Palayakkarars of Sivagiri, Ettayapuram and Panchalamkurichi did not join the confederacy of Puli Thevar.
Answer: Puli Thevar
In simple words: Chiefs from Sivagiri, Ettayapuram, and Panchalamkurichi did not team up with Puli Thevar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note which groups allied and which did not in historical conflicts. This helps in understanding the alliances and divisions of the time.

 

Question 5. The elimination of French power from Pondicherry began to break with the English East India Company.
Answer: elimination of French power from Pondicherry
In simple words: When the French lost their power in Pondicherry, it helped to end the struggles with the English East India Company.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how the decline of one European power (like France) impacted the rise and consolidation of another (like the British) in India.

 

Question 6. In 1772 under the command of Lt. Col Bon Jour stormed the Kalaiyar Kovil palace.
Answer: Lt. Col Bon Jour
In simple words: In 1772, Lt. Col. Bon Jour led an attack on the Kalaiyar Kovil palace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember commanders and their significant military actions, especially those with specific dates and locations.

 

Question 7. The South Indian confederacy was organised by Marudhu brothers of Sivagangai.
Answer: Marudhu brothers of Sivagangai
In simple words: The Marudhu brothers from Sivagangai put together the South Indian confederacy, a group of allies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key leaders or groups responsible for organizing important alliances or movements.

 

Question 8. The forces of Diwan of Mysore and Chinnamalai fought at Noyyal river bed.
Answer: Noyyal river bed
In simple words: The armies of Mysore's Diwan and Chinnamalai fought their battle by the Noyyal river.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific battle locations are important for understanding military campaigns and their geographical context.

 

Question 9. The Vellore Revolt failed because there was no immediate help from outside.
Answer: Vellore Revolt
In simple words: The revolt in Vellore did not succeed because no outside help arrived quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyzing the reasons for the failure or success of revolts provides insight into historical outcomes.

 

Question 10. The Vellore Revolt was the predecessor of the great Revolt of 1857.
Answer: Vellore Revolt
In simple words: The Vellore Revolt happened before and paved the way for the bigger Revolt of 1857.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize precursor events that influenced later, larger historical movements, understanding their historical significance.

 

Question 11. Under poligar system Palayam was given for valuable military services rendered by any individual.
Answer: Palayam
In simple words: In the poligar system, a small territory called Palayam was given to people for their valuable military help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the land grants and reward systems in historical administrations, such as the poligar system.

 

Question 12. The English East India Company began to consolidate and extend its influence after the three Carnatic wars in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: English East India Company
In simple words: After the three Carnatic wars, the English East India Company started to gain more power and control in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key historical events like wars often mark turning points in the consolidation of power by colonial entities.

 

Question 13. Ariyanathar the Minister of Viswanatha Nayaka helped him to introduce Palayakkarar system in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: Ariyanathar
In simple words: Ariyanathar, who was Viswanatha Nayaka's minister, helped start the Palayakkarar system in Tamil Nadu.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the individuals and their contributions in establishing significant administrative or political systems.

 

Question 14. The Palayakkarar system lasted for two hundred years from the Nayaks of Madurai.
Answer: two hundred years
In simple words: The Palayakkarar system, started by the Nayaks of Madurai, continued for about 200 years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the duration of important historical systems or dynasties to understand their long-term impact.

 

Question 15. Within their respective Palayams Palayakkarars function as local authorities.
Answer: local authorities
In simple words: Inside their own small regions, Palayakkarars worked like local leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the decentralized nature of certain historical administrations, where local chiefs held significant power in their areas.

 

Question 16. Traditionally there were 72 Palayakkarars created by Nayak rulers.
Answer: 72
In simple words: The Nayak rulers traditionally created 72 Palayakkarars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numbers and figures related to historical organizations or divisions are important factual details.

 

Question 17. Many Palayakkarars refused to pay taxes to the company as their lands had been handed down to them over sixty generations.
Answer: sixty generations
In simple words: Many Palayakkarars did not pay taxes to the company because their land had been passed down in their families for a very long time, for sixty generations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the historical claims to land ownership and how traditional rights influenced resistance against new tax demands.

 

Question 18. The company branded defiant Palayakkarars as rebels.
Answer: defiant Palayakkarars
In simple words: The company called the Palayakkarars who refused to obey them "rebels."

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the labels used by colonial powers to categorize indigenous resistance movements, as this reflects their perspective.

 

Question 19. Mahfuzkhan was the brother of Nawab of Arcot.
Answer: Nawab of Arcot
In simple words: Mahfuzkhan was related to the Nawab of Arcot as his brother.

🎯 Exam Tip: Family relationships among rulers and key figures are important to understand alliances and power structures.

 

Question 20. Mahfuzkhan was sent with a contingent army under Colonel Heron to capture Tirunelveli and Madurai.
Answer: Mahfuzkhan
In simple words: Mahfuzkhan was sent with an army, led by Colonel Heron, to take control of Tirunelveli and Madurai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the individuals dispatched for specific military objectives and the commanders they served under.

 

Question 21. Mahfuzkhan had the support of cavalry and foot soldiers from the Carnatic to capture Tirunelveli.
Answer: cavalry and foot soldiers
In simple words: Mahfuzkhan received help from horse-riders (cavalry) and foot soldiers from Carnatic to seize Tirunelveli.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the different types of military forces involved in historical campaigns, such as cavalry and infantry.

 

Question 22. Two thousand soldiers from Travancore joined the forces of Puli Thevar at Kalakad.
Answer: Travancore
In simple words: Two thousand soldiers from Travancore joined Puli Thevar's army at Kalakad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numbers of troops and their origins are useful for understanding military strength and alliances.

 

Question 23. The Palayakkarars of Tirunelveli under Puli Thevar constantly rebelled against Nawab's authority.
Answer: Nawab's authority
In simple words: The chiefs in Tirunelveli, led by Puli Thevar, always fought against the Nawab's rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the ongoing resistance against ruling powers, identifying both the leaders and the authorities being challenged.

 

Question 24. Yusufkhan's (Khan sahib) original name was Marudhunayagam before his conversion to Islam.
Answer: Marudhunayagam
In simple words: Before becoming a Muslim, Yusufkhan, also known as Khan Sahib, was originally named Marudhunayagam.

🎯 Exam Tip: Personal details like original names or religious conversions of important historical figures can be significant.

 

Question 25. The artillary from Tiruchirappalli arrived in September 1760 to assist Yusufkhan to attack Puli Thevar.
Answer: artillary
In simple words: Cannons and heavy guns (artillery) came from Tiruchirappalli in September 1760 to help Yusufkhan fight Puli Thevar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the types of military support, like artillery, and their arrival dates and sources in key campaigns.

 

Question 26. The battering of Nerkkatumseval Fort by Yusufkhan took two months.
Answer: Nerkkatumseval Fort
In simple words: Yusufkhan's attack on Nerkkatumseval Fort, using heavy weapons, lasted for two months.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the duration of sieges or battles involving important forts, as these can indicate the intensity of the conflict.

 

Question 27. Expel of French power from Pondicherry made Travancore, Seithur, Surandai, Uthumalai and to support the English.
Answer: Seithur, Surandai
In simple words: When the French were driven out of Pondicherry, it caused places like Travancore, Seithur, Surandai, and Uthumalai to support the English.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how changes in colonial power dynamics affected local alliances and political alignments.

 

Question 28. The Yusufkhan was charged with treachery and hanged in 1764 by the company.
Answer: Yusufkhan
In simple words: In 1764, the company accused Yusufkhan of betrayal and executed him by hanging.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the fates of key historical figures, especially those who were executed for challenging colonial authority.

 

Question 29. Captain Campbell defeated Puli Thevar in 1767.
Answer: Campbell
In simple words: In 1767, Captain Campbell defeated Puli Thevar in a battle.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the outcomes of battles and the commanders involved, along with the specific year of the event.

 

Question 30. Puli Thevar escaped and died in exile.
Answer: exile
In simple words: Puli Thevar ran away and passed away while living far from his home.

🎯 Exam Tip: The final fate of key resistance leaders, especially if they died in exile or while evading capture, is often a point of historical interest.

 

Question 31. Velunachiyar was under the protection of Gopala Nayak for eight years.
Answer: eight
In simple words: Velunachiyar stayed safe under Gopala Nayak's care for eight years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember periods of protection or alliances, especially when they involve prominent figures in hiding or exile.

 

Question 32. At the age of 16 Velunachiyar was married to Muthuvadugar of Sivagangai.
Answer: 16
In simple words: Velunachiyar got married to Muthuvadugar from Sivagangai when she was 16 years old.

🎯 Exam Tip: Biographical details, such as age at marriage or significant life events, are important for understanding historical figures.

 

Question 33. Dalavay means Military chief.
Answer: Military chief
In simple words: The term "Dalavay" means a leader of the army.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the meaning of historical titles and designations to understand roles and ranks in past administrations.

 

Question 34. In behalf of Velunachiyar Dalavai Thandavarayanar wrote a letter to Sultan Hyder AN seeking military assistance.
Answer: Thandavarayanar
In simple words: On behalf of Velunachiyar, her military chief Thandavarayanar wrote to Sultan Hyder Ali asking for army help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific individuals who acted as envoys or representatives in seeking alliances or military aid.

 

Question 35. Hyder Ali ordered his commandant Syed in Dindigul Fort to provide required military assistance to Velunachiyar.
Answer: Syed
In simple words: Hyder Ali told his commander Syed at Dindigul Fort to give Velunachiyar the army help she needed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the chain of command and how orders for military assistance were passed down through key personnel.

 

Question 36. Kuyili faithful friend of Velunachiyar led a unit of women soldiers named Udaiyal after.
Answer: Udaiyal
In simple words: Kuyili, a loyal friend of Velunachiyar, commanded a group of women soldiers, and one of them was named Udaiyal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remarkable contributions of women, especially in military roles, are important historical details to remember.

 

Question 37. Udaiyal was the shepherd girl who was killed by the company for not divulging information on Kuyili the commander.
Answer: Udaiyal
In simple words: Udaiyal, a shepherd girl, was killed by the company because she refused to share secrets about commander Kuyili. This act demonstrates her loyalty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Tragic events and acts of loyalty by ordinary people often highlight the broader human impact of conflicts.

 

Question 38. The company's administrators James London, Colin Jackson and considered Kattabomman a man of peaceful disposition.
Answer: James London, Colin Jackson
In simple words: The company's leaders, James London and Colin Jackson, saw Kattabomman as a peaceful person.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how colonial officials perceived local leaders, as this perception often influenced their policies and actions.

 

Question 39. To meet out the expenses of Nawab and his family one- sixth of the revenue (taxes) collection was allowed.
Answer: one- sixth
In simple words: One-sixth of the collected taxes was permitted to be used to cover the Nawab's family expenses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize details about financial arrangements, such as the share of revenue allocated for specific purposes or individuals.

 

Question 40. The land revenue arrear from Kattabomman was 3310 pagodas in 1798.
Answer: 3310
In simple words: In 1798, Kattabomman owed 3310 pagodas in unpaid land taxes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numbers related to financial dues or arrears are important factual details in historical accounts.

 

Question 41. The Madras Government did not give permission to collector Jackson to send an army to Panchalamkurichi to collect dues from Kattabomman.
Answer: Madras Government
In simple words: The government in Madras did not let Collector Jackson send soldiers to Panchalamkurichi to collect money from Kattabomman.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify instances where higher authorities (like a government) overruled the decisions or requests of local officials.

 

Question 42. Kattabomman's Minister Sivasubramanianar accompanied him to Ramanathapuram to met collector Jackson.
Answer: Sivasubramanianar
In simple words: Kattabomman's minister, Sivasubramanianar, went with him to Ramanathapuram to meet Collector Jackson.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the names of key advisors and their roles in important meetings or diplomatic exchanges.

 

Question 43. In a clash at the gate of Ramanathapuram Fort English officer Lietenant Clarke was killed.
Answer: Lietenant Clarke
In simple words: During a fight at the Ramanathapuram Fort gate, English officer Lieutenant Clarke was killed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific casualties of war, especially of officers, are important details to remember from historical battles.

 

Question 44. In May 1799 Lord Wellesley issued orders from Madras for the advance of forces to Tirunelveli.
Answer: Lord Wellesley
In simple words: In May 1799, Lord Wellesley from Madras gave orders for troops to move towards Tirunelveli.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect major military movements with the Governor-General or the authority who issued the orders.

 

Question 45. Bannerman moved his entire army to Panchalamkurichi on 13th September.
Answer: 13th September
In simple words: Bannerman led his whole army to Panchalamkurichi on the 13th of September.

🎯 Exam Tip: Precise dates of military movements are important for sequencing events in historical campaigns.

 

Question 46. Ramalinganar gathered all the secrets of the Fort of Panchalamkurichi.
Answer: Ramalinganar
In simple words: Ramalinganar collected all the secret information about the Panchalamkurichi Fort.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify individuals who played crucial roles in intelligence gathering, which was vital for military strategies.

 

Question 47. In a clash at Kallarpatti Sivasubramanianar was taken a prisoner.
Answer: Kallarpatti
In simple words: During a fight at Kallarpatti, Sivasubramanianar was captured and made a prisoner.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the locations of clashes where important figures were captured, as these are significant turning points.

 

Question 48. Kattabomman escaped to Pudukottai.
Answer: Pudukottai
In simple words: Kattabomman managed to flee to Pudukottai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the places of escape or refuge for leaders, especially during intense periods of conflict.

 

Question 49. Sivasubramanianar was executed at Nagalapuram on 13th September.
Answer: Sivasubramanianar
In simple words: Sivasubramanianar was put to death at Nagalapuram on September 13th.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the dates and locations of executions of key figures, as these are often tragic conclusions to their resistance.

 

Question 50. Kattabomman was hanged from a Tamarind tree in the old Fort of Kayathar.
Answer: Tamarind tree
In simple words: Kattabomman was hanged from a tamarind tree in the old fort at Kayathar.

🎯 Exam Tip: Details about the method and location of significant executions are often asked to test precise historical knowledge.

III. Choose the Correct Statement

 

Question 1.
(i) Velunachiyar organised an army and succeeded in securing an alliance with Hyder Ali.
(ii) Hyder Ali provided the required military assistance to Velunachiyar
(iii) A fierce battle was fought at Devadanampatti.
(iv) Velunachiyar escaped with her daughter and lived in Ramanathapuram.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(d) (i) and (ii) are correct
Answer: (d) (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: Velunachiyar created an army and got help from Hyder Ali, who then sent her military support. This shows her strategic leadership.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multi-statement questions, evaluate each statement individually for accuracy. Eliminate options as you find incorrect statements to narrow down the correct answer.

 

Question 2.
(i) Dheeran chinnamalai was trained by the French.
(ii) He launched Guerrilla attack and evaded capture by the British.
(iii) He was born at Coimbatore,
(iv) He refused to accept the rule of the British.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
In simple words: Dheeran Chinnamalai learned from the French, fought the British using surprise attacks, and always refused British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: When dealing with multiple statements about a historical figure, pay attention to their training, military tactics, place of birth, and political stances.

 

Question 3.
(i) Coimbatore was annexed at the end of the Anglo – Mysore was in 1799.
(ii) The status of Raja of Thanjavur had been reduced to that of a vassal.
(iii) English East India company acquired the revenue districts of Salem and Dindigul from Tipu.
(iv) A treaty was forced on Marudhu brothers on the charge of disloyalty.
(a) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (i) and (iv) are correct
(d) (ii) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
In simple words: After the Anglo-Mysore war in 1799, Coimbatore was taken, the Thanjavur Raja lost power, and the British got tax rights from Salem and Dindigul from Tipu. These events changed the political control of the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions detailing multiple outcomes of an event, carefully verify each statement. Pay attention to dates, annexed territories, and shifts in political status.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): Kattabomman took an expedition to Sivagiri to influence to join Marudhu brothers. Reason (R): Palayakkarars of Sivagiri was a tributary to the company of the British. They refuse to join.
(a) Both A and R are correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A is correct and R is Wrong
(c) A is wrong ans R is correct
(d) A is correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
In simple words: Kattabomman went to Sivagiri to convince them to join the Marudhu brothers. This happened because Sivagiri already paid taxes to the British and did not want to join Kattabomman's rebellion.

🎯 Exam Tip: In Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both Assertion and Reason are individually true. Then, determine if the Reason accurately explains the Assertion. Look for cause-and-effect relationships.

 

III. Choose the correct statement

 

Question 1.
(i) Velunachiyar organised an army and succeeded in securing an alliance with Hyder Ali.
(ii) Hyder Ali provided the required military assistance to Velunachiyar.
(iii) A fierce battle was fought at Devadanampatti.
(iv) Velunachiyar escaped with her daughter and lived in Ramanathapuram.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(d) (i) and (ii) are correct
Answer: (d) (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: Velunachiyar formed an army and got help from Hyder Ali, which was key to her efforts. Both (i) and (ii) accurately describe her actions and the support she received.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating multiple statements, break down each part and check its historical accuracy. Look for conjunctions like "and" or "but" which might combine a true and a false statement.

 

Question 2.
(i) Dheeran Chinnamalai was trained by the French.
(ii) He launched Guerilla attack and evaded capture by the British.
(iii) He was born at Coimbatore,
(iv) He refused to accept the rule of the British.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (a) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
In simple words: Dheeran Chinnamalai learned from the French, used surprise attacks to avoid the British, and never gave in to their rule. He was a brave fighter against colonial power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key details about freedom fighters, such as their birthplaces, military strategies, and significant allies, as these are often tested.

 

Question 3.
(i) Coimbatore was annexed at the end of the Anglo - Mysore was in 1799.
(ii) The status of Raja of Thanjavur had been reduced to that of a vassal.
(iii) English East India company acquired the revenue districts of Salem and Dindigul from Tipu.
(iv) A treaty was forced on Marudhu brothers on the charge of disloyalty.
(a) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (i) and (iv) are correct
(d) (ii) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
In simple words: Coimbatore was taken over in 1799, the Raja of Thanjavur became a subordinate, and the British gained tax rights over Salem and Dindigul from Tipu Sultan. These events show the increasing British control in the region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the outcomes of major wars and treaties, as these often lead to significant territorial and administrative changes.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): Puli Thevar tried to get the support of Hyder Ali and the French.
Reason (R): Hyder Ali could not help Puli Thevar as he was already in a serious conflict with the Marathas.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
Answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
In simple words: Puli Thevar sought help from Hyder Ali and the French, but Hyder Ali was unable to provide aid because he was busy fighting the Marathas at the time. This explains why Puli Thevar's efforts to gain support did not succeed from that quarter.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are true individually. Then, determine if the Reason directly explains the Assertion.

 

Question 6. Assertion (A): The Nawab of Arcot gave the power of collecting revenue to the English East India company from southern Palayakkarars.
Reason (R): The company branded the defiant Palayakkarars as rebels.
(a) A is correct R is wrong
(b) A is wrong R is correct
(c) Both A and R are correct R explains A.
(d) Both A and R are correct. R is not the correct explanation to A.
Answer: (a) A is correct R is wrong
In simple words: The Nawab of Arcot did indeed give the English East India Company the right to collect taxes from the southern Palayakkarars. However, the company branding them as "rebels" was a consequence of their resistance to this tax collection, not the reason the Nawab gave the power in the first place.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful to distinguish between a cause and an effect in historical events. The Nawab's action led to resistance, which then led to the Palayakkarars being called rebels.

 

IV. Match the following

 

Question 1. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (iii)
B. (v)
C. (iv)
D. (i)
E. (ii)
In simple words: This matching exercise connects historical figures and events: Mahfuzkhan with the Battle of Kalakad, Col. Bon Jour with Kalaiyar Kovil, Kuyili with destroying the British Arsenal, S.R. Lushington replacing Collector Jackson, and Colin Macaulay retaking Panchalamkurichi fort. Each pair represents a specific role or outcome during the revolts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the key individuals and their specific roles or actions in the context of the larger historical events to ensure accurate matching.

 

Question 2. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (iv)
B. (i)
C. (v)
D. (ii)
E. (iii)
In simple words: This matching connects leaders to their key locations or characteristics: Puli Thevar with Nerkattumseval, Dheeran Chinnamalai with Palayamkottai, Velunachiyar with Sivagangai, Marudhupandiyar as able generals, and Poojai Nayak with Devadanapatti. These pairs are important for understanding the geography and leadership of the revolts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific strongholds or notable attributes associated with each leader to avoid confusion in matching questions.

 

V. Answer the questions briefly

 

Question 1. Write a note on Carnatic treaty.
Answer: The Carnatic treaty was signed on July 31, 1801. It led to the end of the Palayakkarar system in Tamil Nadu. The British took direct control over the region. All local chieftains were removed, and their forts were torn down. This treaty brought a major change in the administration of Tamilagam. Their armies were also disbanded. The British now had full authority.
In simple words: The Carnatic Treaty of 1801 gave the British full control over Tamil Nadu, ending the Palayakkarar system and removing local rulers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing treaties, always include the date, the main parties involved, and the key outcomes or changes it brought about.

 

Question 2. Why was the Revenue collection of the southern Palayakkarars was given to the company Rule?
Answer:
1. The Nawab of Arcot had borrowed a lot of money from the East India Company to pay for the Carnatic wars.
2. When he could not pay back his debts, he gave the Company the right to collect land taxes from the southern Palayakkarars.
In simple words: The Nawab of Arcot owed a lot of money to the British Company. Because he could not pay his war debts, he gave the Company the power to collect taxes from the southern Palayakkarars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the financial and political pressures that led to transfers of power and revenue collection rights during this period.

 

Question 3. Write a note on Hyder Ali.
Answer: Hyder Ali was the ruler of Mysore and a strong opponent of the English. He was born in 1772. He started as a soldier but became a commander-in-chief. After the Raja of Mysore died in 1766, Hyder Ali became the new ruler and the Sultan of Mysore. His son was Tipu Sultan, who also became a famous warrior. Hyder Ali was known for his military skills and his resistance to British expansion.
In simple words: Hyder Ali was the powerful ruler of Mysore and an enemy of the British. He started as a soldier and later became Sultan, and was the father of Tipu Sultan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the rise of powerful regional rulers like Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and their role in resisting British influence in South India.

 

Question 4. Thevar. When did these forts come under the control of Yusuf Khan?
Answer: The three main forts of Puli Thevar were Nerkattumseval, Vasudevanallur, and Panayur. These forts came under the control of Yusuf Khan on May 16, 1761. Yusuf Khan was a British commander who played a significant role in suppressing the local uprisings.
In simple words: Puli Thevar's important forts, Nerkattumseval, Vasudevanallur, and Panayur, were taken over by Yusuf Khan in May 1761.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep track of key dates and the transfer of control over significant strongholds, as they mark important turning points in conflicts.

 

Question 5. What does the word 'Palayam' mean? What does the Palayakkarar in Tamil refer to?
Answer: The word 'Palayam' means a territory, a military camp, or a small kingdom. In Tamil, a 'Palayakkarar' refers to the holder of one of these small kingdoms. They were like local chiefs who had some power but were usually loyal to a bigger ruler. This system was important in the regional administration of the time.
In simple words: 'Palayam' means a small kingdom or military area. A 'Palayakkarar' is the person who ruled this small kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding key terms and their definitions is crucial for historical context. 'Palayam' and 'Palayakkarar' are central to understanding the administrative structure of the era.

 

Question 6. Write about the brave act of Kuyili the friend of Velunachiyar.
Answer:
1. Kuyili was a very loyal friend of Velunachiyar.
2. She led a group of women soldiers.
3. In 1780, Kuyili bravely entered the British arsenal (weapon storage) and set herself on fire, destroying all the ammunition. This act of sacrifice weakened the British forces and helped Velunachiyar. She demonstrated extreme courage and devotion to her cause.
In simple words: Kuyili, Velunachiyar's loyal friend, led women soldiers and bravely burned herself in a British weapon store in 1780, destroying their ammunition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the specific act of bravery and its impact when describing individual contributions to resistance movements.

 

Question 7. Why did the Nawab of Arcot borrow money from the East India company? What happened when his debts exceeded his capacity to pay?
Answer: The Nawab of Arcot borrowed money from the East India Company to cover the costs of the Carnatic wars. When his debts became too large to repay, the Company was given the right to collect land revenue from the southern Palayakkarars. This transfer of power showed the growing influence of the British in the region due to financial dependence.
In simple words: The Nawab of Arcot borrowed from the East India Company to fund wars. When he couldn't repay, the Company took over collecting taxes from the southern Palayakkarars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note how financial dependencies and war debts were often used by the British to gain administrative control over Indian territories.

 

Question 8. How the Rebellion of Marudhu brothers referred as and who participated in the rebellion?
Answer: In British records, the rebellion of the Marudhu brothers (1800) is known as the "Second Palayakkarar War." Many people joined this rebellion against the British. The participants included Marudhu Pandiyar of Sivagangai, Gopala Nayak of Dindigul, Kerala Verma of Malabar, Krishnappa Nayak, and Dhoondaji of Mysore. These leaders represented a broad alliance of resistance.
In simple words: The Marudhu brothers' rebellion of 1800 was called the "Second Palayakkarar War" by the British. Leaders like Marudhu Pandiyar, Gopala Nayak, Kerala Verma, Krishnappa Nayak, and Dhoondaji joined the fight.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a rebellion, include its official name (if any), the key leaders, and their regions to provide a comprehensive answer.

 

VI. Answer the questions given under each caption

 

Question 1. Siege of Panchalamkuruchi
(a) Why did Lord Wellesley issue orders in May 1799?
Answer: Lord Wellesley issued orders in May 1799 for troops to advance from Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, and Madurai to Tirunelveli. This was part of a larger strategy to suppress local revolts and establish British control. He aimed to crush the resistance led by Kattabomman.
In simple words: Lord Wellesley sent troops in May 1799 from various places to Tirunelveli to put down rebellions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific military actions with the broader political objectives of the British East India Company, such as suppressing rebellions or expanding control.

 

(b) Who commanded the troops?
Answer: Major Bannerman commanded the troops. He was a British officer entrusted with leading the military operations against the Palayakkarars. His role was crucial in the siege.
In simple words: Major Bannerman was in charge of the soldiers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the names of key military commanders in important sieges or battles.

 

(c) What was served on Kattabomman and for what purpose?
Answer: An ultimatum was served on Kattabomman on September 1, 1799. Its purpose was to demand his surrender to the British. This was a final warning before a full-scale military attack. It indicated the British resolve to end his defiance.
In simple words: Kattabomman was given a final warning on September 1, 1799, telling him to surrender to the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the significance of ultimatums in historical conflicts as they often precede major military engagements.

 

(d) Why did Bannerman depute Ramalinganar to Kattabomman's fort?
Answer: Bannerman sent Ramalinganar to Kattabomman's fort to deliver a message. The message asked Kattabomman to surrender to the British. Ramalinganar acted as an envoy to convey this demand. This was an attempt to resolve the conflict without further bloodshed, although it ultimately failed.
In simple words: Bannerman sent Ramalinganar to Kattabomman's fort to tell him to surrender.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the diplomatic efforts that sometimes precede military action, even when they prove unsuccessful.

 

Question 2. Consequences of Vellore Revolt
(a) Where was Tipu's sons imprisoned after the revolt?
Answer: After the Vellore Revolt, Tipu Sultan's sons were imprisoned in Calcutta. This move was made to prevent them from becoming symbols of further rebellion. Their removal from Vellore was a strategic decision by the British.
In simple words: Tipu's sons were sent to jail in Calcutta after the revolt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the British strategy of isolating and relocating potential leaders or symbols of rebellion to maintain control.

 

(b) What was the reward given to the people who suppressed the revolt?
Answer: Colonel Gillespie received 7,000 pagodas for suppressing the revolt. Other officers and soldiers involved were rewarded with prize money and promotions. This encouraged loyalty and swift action in future conflicts. Rewards were given to show appreciation for their quick action.
In simple words: Colonel Gillespie received 7,000 pagodas, and other British soldiers got prize money and promotions for stopping the revolt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how incentives and rewards were used by colonial powers to motivate their forces and suppress dissent effectively.

 

(c) Name the English Generals who were removed from their office?
Answer: Colonel Sir John Cradock, Adjutant General Agnew, and Governor William Bentinck were removed from their positions. They were held responsible for the failures that led to the Vellore Revolt and its mismanagement. Their removal showed the British government's attempt to assign blame and improve future administration.
In simple words: Colonel Sir John Cradock, Adjutant General Agnew, and Governor William Bentinck were all removed from their jobs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key figures are often held accountable for major military or administrative failures, leading to their dismissal or demotion.

 

(d) What was withdrawn after the revolt?
Answer: The new military regulations were withdrawn after the revolt. These regulations, which included changes to dress code and religious symbols, were a major cause of the unrest. Removing them aimed to calm the sepoys and prevent future outbreaks. It was a step to address the grievances of the soldiers.
In simple words: The new military rules that angered the soldiers were taken back after the revolt.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the direct consequences of revolts, especially changes in policies or regulations that were the root cause of the uprising.

 

Question 3. New Military Regulations
(a) What were the Indian soldiers asked to do according to new' military regulation?
Answer: Under the new military regulations, Indian soldiers were asked to stop wearing caste marks or earrings while in uniform. They also had to shave their beards cleanly and trim their moustaches uniformly. These rules were seen as disrespecting their traditions and religious beliefs. These strict rules aimed to create a uniform appearance but ignored cultural sensitivities.
In simple words: Indian soldiers were told to stop wearing religious marks and earrings, shave their beards, and trim their moustaches in uniform.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific details of policies that led to discontent, especially those that interfered with religious or cultural practices.

 

(b) How did the new turban add fuel to fire?
Answer: The new turban made of leather, called a cockade, greatly angered the soldiers. They believed it was made from animal skin, which went against their religious sentiments. This disrespect for their beliefs made the situation worse and increased their resentment. The turban became a symbol of cultural insensitivity.
In simple words: The new leather turban made from animal skin offended the soldiers' religious feelings, making them even angrier.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how seemingly small changes in dress or symbols can ignite large-scale resentment when they clash with deeply held religious or cultural beliefs.

 

(c) How did the sepoys react to the new turban?
Answer: The sepoys reacted strongly to the new turban by refusing to wear it. They saw it as an attack on their religious and cultural identity. This refusal showed their growing defiance against the British authorities and their regulations. Many felt their honor was at stake.
In simple words: The soldiers refused to wear the new turban because it went against their traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that defiance and refusal to comply with controversial orders are common signs of escalating discontent in historical revolts.

 

(d) What was the Company's reaction?
Answer: The Company initially remained silent and did not pay any attention to the sepoys' complaints. They chose to ignore the growing unrest among the soldiers, which only made the situation worse. This lack of response showed a failure to understand the depth of their soldiers' grievances. The British hoped the anger would simply fade away.
In simple words: The Company did not listen to the soldiers' complaints and ignored their problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the failure of authorities to address grievances can escalate minor discontents into major rebellions.

 

Question 4. The Siege of Panchalamkurichi
(a) From which regions forces were sent to Tirunelveli?
Answer: Forces were sent to Tirunelveli from the regions of Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, and Madurai. These troops were deployed by the British to suppress the uprising led by Kattabomman. They gathered soldiers from various strategic locations to ensure enough military strength.
In simple words: Soldiers were sent to Tirunelveli from Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, and Madurai.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the geographical origins of military deployments as it indicates the scale and logistical planning of the British campaigns.

 

(b) Which troops joined the British later?
Answer: The Travancore troops later joined the British. Their support strengthened the British forces against the Palayakkarars. These alliances were common during colonial conflicts, as local powers often sided with the British for various reasons. The Travancore state had its own interests in supporting the British.
In simple words: Later, soldiers from Travancore joined the British army.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the role of local alliances in enhancing the military capabilities of the British East India Company during their expansion.

 

(c) What was served on Kattabomman and for what purpose?
Answer: An ultimatum was served on Kattabomman, demanding his surrender to the British. This final notice aimed to avoid a full-scale battle, but also made it clear that military action would follow if he refused. It was a formal declaration of British intent. This ultimatum was a clear message of British dominance.
In simple words: Kattabomman received a final warning to surrender to the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that an ultimatum is a final demand, often signalling the imminent start of military conflict if not met.

 

(d) What was the response of Kattabomman?
Answer: Kattabomman refused to surrender. His refusal showed his defiance against British authority and his commitment to resisting their demands. This act of non-compliance led to further escalation of the conflict. He chose to fight rather than give in.
In simple words: Kattabomman did not agree to surrender to the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight instances of direct defiance by Indian rulers as they represent key moments of resistance against colonial rule.

 

Question 5. Proclamation of 1801
(a) Who issued the proclamation of 1801?
Answer: Marudhu Pandiyar issued the Proclamation of Independence in 1801. This important document called for unity and resistance against the British. He was a prominent leader in the South Indian Rebellion. The proclamation rallied many against the East India Company.
In simple words: Marudhu Pandiyar released the Proclamation of Independence in 1801.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key declarations or proclamations and their authors, as these often articulate the goals and spirit of a rebellion.

 

(b) Why did they issue the proclamation?
Answer: They issued the proclamation as an early call for all Indians to unite against the British. Its purpose was to inspire people from different regions and communities to join forces and resist colonial rule. The proclamation was a powerful message to galvanize widespread support for independence. It was a call to action.
In simple words: They issued the proclamation to ask all Indians to unite and fight against the British.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the purpose of such historical documents, which often serve as rallying cries and statements of intent for resistance movements.

 

(c) Where was the copies of proclamation pasted?
Answer: Copies of the proclamation were pasted on the walls of the Nawab's palace in Tiruchirappalli Fort and on the walls of Srirangam temple. These prominent locations were chosen to ensure that the message reached a wide audience. It was a way to openly declare their rebellion and gather public support.
In simple words: Copies of the proclamation were put up on the walls of the Nawab's palace in Tiruchirappalli Fort and on the Srirangam temple.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the methods used by rebels to disseminate their messages, often targeting public and historically significant places for maximum impact.

 

(d) From where did the forces reinforced to fight with the revolters?
Answer: British reinforcements were quickly brought in from Bengal, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and Malaya. These forces were sent to strengthen the British position and crush the rebellion. The wide geographical spread of their reinforcements shows the British Empire's extensive resources. This quick deployment aimed to overwhelm the rebels.
In simple words: Extra British soldiers came from Bengal, Ceylon, and Malaya to fight the rebels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Observe how the British utilized resources from across their empire to suppress local revolts, highlighting their imperial reach.

 

Question 6. Grievances of Indian Soldiers
(a) Who deliberate on the future course of action against the company
Answer: The dispossessed little kings and feudal chieftains deliberated on the future course of action against the Company. These were the local rulers who had lost their power and land to the British. They had strong reasons to unite and plan resistance. They sought to reclaim their lost territories and authority.
In simple words: The small kings and local chiefs who had lost their power thought about how to fight against the British Company.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that dispossessed local elites often became the main organizers of resistance against colonial powers, driven by a desire to restore their former status.

 

(b) What was the culmination of the Palayakkarar wars?
Answer: The culmination of the Palayakkarar wars was the Vellore Revolt of 1806. This major uprising was a direct result of the long-standing grievances and resistance of the Palayakkarars against British rule. It marked a significant, violent peak in their struggle. The revolt brought the deep resentment against British policies to a head.
In simple words: The Vellore Revolt of 1806 was the final big event of the Palayakkarar wars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify "culmination" as the ultimate outcome or peak event that summarizes the overall conflict or movement.

 

(c) What were the resentment of British Indian army?
Answer: The British Indian army had several reasons for resentment. These included low salaries and poor chances for promotion. Indian soldiers felt discriminated against compared to their British counterparts. This dissatisfaction often led to low morale and occasional unrest. They felt their dedication was not valued enough.
In simple words: The Indian soldiers in the British army were unhappy about their low pay and very few chances to get promoted.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that issues like pay and promotion prospects are common causes of discontent among soldiers, capable of sparking mutinies.

 

(d) What bothered the Indian sepoys much?
Answer: The new recruitment rules for sepoys greatly bothered the Indian soldiers. These rules often disregarded their traditions and religious feelings. The British introduced policies without understanding their impact on Indian culture. This led to a feeling that their way of life was being threatened.
In simple words: The new rules for recruiting Indian soldiers upset them greatly because these rules did not respect their beliefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always consider how changes in military regulations or recruitment policies can be perceived as intrusions into cultural and religious life, leading to major unrest.

 

VII. Answer in detail

 

Question 1. Write a brief note on Vellore Mutiny.
Answer: The Vellore Mutiny was a significant uprising in 1806. The British administration banned Hindu soldiers from wearing religious marks on their foreheads and ordered Muslim soldiers to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. These rules deeply offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers, causing strong resentment. This cultural insensitivity was a major trigger. Instigated by Tipu Sultan's sons, who were held in Vellore Fort, the revolting soldiers secretly gathered under the guise of a marriage function. At midnight, they attacked the fort, killing most of the European officers and unfurling Tipu Sultan's flag. Fateh Hyder, Tipu's second son, was declared the new ruler. However, the British quickly crushed the revolt. It served as an early warning of the deeper discontent that would later lead to the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
In simple words: The Vellore Mutiny of 1806 happened because British rules made Indian soldiers angry by interfering with their religious customs. Soldiers secretly rebelled, killed many Europeans, and raised Tipu Sultan's flag, but the British quickly stopped the revolt.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing the Vellore Mutiny, clearly state the causes (religious grievances), key events (attack on fort, flag unfurled), and the outcome (crushed by British), and its significance as a precursor to 1857.

 

Question 2. How did Velunachiyar able to get back her territory (Sivagangai)?
Answer: Velunachiyar managed to reclaim her territory, Sivagangai, through strategic planning and alliances. While in hiding, she organized an army. She successfully formed alliances with powerful allies like Gopala Nayakar of Virupachi (near Dindigul) and Hyder Ali. Velunachiyar was fluent in Urdu, which helped her explain her problems to Hyder Ali in detail. She cleverly conveyed her strong determination to fight the English. Impressed by her courage, Hyder Ali provided the necessary military assistance, including his commandant Syed in Dindigal fort. Velunachiyar also used agents to gather intelligence about where the British stored their ammunition. With military help from Gopala Nayakar and Hyder Ali, she recaptured Sivagangai. She was then crowned as queen with the support of the Marudhu brothers. Velunachiyar holds the distinction of being the first female ruler in India to successfully resist British colonial power. Her determination and diplomatic skills were key to her success.
In simple words: Velunachiyar got her territory back by building an army and making friends with Gopala Nayakar and Hyder Ali. She used her intelligence to find British weapon stores and, with military help, won back Sivagangai, becoming queen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the combination of military strategy, diplomatic alliances, and intelligence gathering as crucial factors in Velunachiyar's success.

 

Question 3. Write about the Dindigul League.
Answer: The Dindigul League was formed under the leadership of Gopala Nayak, who was a Palayakkarar of Virupachi. He was inspired by Tipu Sultan and sought to form alliances against the British. Gopala Nayak created the league with Lakshmi Nayak of Manaparai and Poojai Nayak of Devadanapatti. He spearheaded the resistance against the British from Coimbatore and later joined forces with Oomaidurai, Kattabomman's brother. He engaged in fierce battles in the Aanamalai hills and received strong support from local peasants. However, in 1801, Gopala Nayak was ultimately defeated by the British forces. This league represented a significant, though ultimately unsuccessful, attempt to unite regional forces against colonial expansion.
In simple words: The Dindigul League was formed by Gopala Nayak and other local chiefs, inspired by Tipu Sultan, to fight the British. They gained peasant support and fought bravely but were defeated in 1801.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing regional leagues, identify the leader, key members, their inspirations, and the ultimate fate of the league in resisting colonial powers.

 

Question 4. Give an account of Marudhu brothers Rebellion of 1800
Answer: The rebellion of the Marudhu brothers in 1800, also known as the Second Palayakkarar War in British records, erupted despite the suppression of Kattabomman's revolt in 1799. In April 1800, a large alliance was formed at Virupachi. This alliance included Marudhu Pandiyars of Sivagangai, Gopala Nayak of Dindigul, Kerala Verma of Malabar, Krishnappa Nayak, and Dhoondaji of Mysore. They met to plan an uprising against the East India Company. The uprising began in Coimbatore in June 1800 and quickly spread to Ramanathapuram and Madurai. The Company learned of their plans and declared war on Krishnappa Nayak and other leaders. However, many Palayakars from Coimbatore, Sathyamangalam, and Tarapuram were captured and hanged. Oomathurai and Sevathaiah, Kattabomman's brothers, escaped from Palayamkottai prison and joined Chinna Marudhu at his capital, Siruvayal. The English demanded that the Marudhu Pandiyars hand over these fugitives, but they refused. In response, Colonel Agnew and Colonel Innes marched on Sivagangai. In June 1801, the Marudhu Pandiyars issued a proclamation of independence, known as the Tiruchirappalli proclamation. Despite their efforts, the rebellion failed, and Sivagangai was annexed by the British in 1801. The Marudhu brothers' rebellion was a significant organized resistance against British rule, uniting several regional leaders.
In simple words: The Marudhu brothers' rebellion in 1800 was a large uprising of several local chiefs against the British. It started in Coimbatore and spread, but the British attacked, captured many leaders, and eventually defeated the rebellion, leading to Sivagangai becoming part of British India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For significant rebellions, include its alternate names, the key leaders who formed alliances, the areas where it spread, the main British response, and the ultimate outcome, highlighting its historical importance.

 

VIII. Map Study

Mark important centres of Early revolts against British Rule in Tamil Nadu.
Answer: [This is an activity-based question that requires marking locations on a map, which cannot be directly represented in text. The provided image on page 43 illustrates the solution by showing a map with the relevant centers marked.]
In simple words: Locate and mark on a map the places where early revolts against British rule happened in Tamil Nadu, like Vellore, Dindigul, Sivagangai, and Panchalamkurichi.

🎯 Exam Tip: For map-based questions, practice identifying the key historical locations and their geographical relationship to each other.

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