Samacheer Kalvi Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 1 His First Flight

10th English Guide His First Flight InText Questions and Answers

Question (a). Why did the seagull fail to fly?
Answer: The young seagull was scared and did not want to fly. He worried that his wings were too weak to hold him up in the air. This fear stopped him from flying. Young birds often need a push to learn new skills.
In simple words: The seagull was afraid to fly because he thought his wings were not strong enough.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the seagull's internal feelings and beliefs as the main reason for his failure to fly.

Question (b). What did the parents do when the young seagull failed to fly?
Answer: His parents, brothers, and sister tried to help him and also told him off. They even warned him that he would not get any food if he did not fly. This was tough love, aiming to make him independent.
In simple words: His family encouraged and scolded him. They said he wouldn't get food if he didn't fly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember both aspects of the parents' reaction: encouragement/scolding and the threat of hunger.

Question (c). What was the first catch of the young seagull's older brother?
Answer: The older brother of the young seagull first caught a herring, which is a kind of fish. This showed the younger bird what he was missing out on.
In simple words: The older brother caught a herring fish first.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific type of fish mentioned in the story as the older brother's first catch.

Question (d). What did the young seagull manage to find in his search for food on the ledge?
Answer: While looking for food on the edge of the cliff, the young seagull could only find dry bits of mackerel's tail and some eggshell pieces. This meant he was still very hungry.
In simple words: The young seagull found only dried mackerel tail pieces and eggshells on the ledge.

🎯 Exam Tip: List both items he found – the fish tail and eggshell – to show his desperate situation.

Question (e). What did the young bird do to seek the attention of his parents?
Answer: To get his parents' attention, the young bird walked slowly to the edge of the cliff. He stood on one leg, hiding the other under his wing, and pretended to sleep by closing one eye and then the other. He also walked back and forth along the ledge, stepping carefully, hoping his parents would notice him. He was trying to look helpless to gain sympathy.
In simple words: The young bird pretended to sleep on one leg at the edge of the cliff and walked back and forth to get his parents' attention.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the actions the bird took, focusing on his deceptive tactics to draw attention.

Question (f). What made the young seagull go mad?
Answer: The young seagull became extremely excited and frantic when he saw food. His hunger was overwhelming at this point.
In simple words: Seeing food made the young seagull very excited and desperate.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the word "mad" to extreme hunger and desperation for food.

Question (g). Why did the young bird utter a joyful scream?
Answer: The young bird was very hungry and desperately wanted food. When he saw his mother holding a piece of fish in her beak, it was so tempting that he forgot his fear of flying. He suddenly dived for the fish, screaming with joy as he fell outwards and downwards into the open air. This spontaneous dive marked his accidental first flight.
In simple words: He was very hungry. When he saw his mother with fish, he forgot his fear and dived for it, screaming joyfully as he fell.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that the scream was joyful because of the anticipation of food, even though it led to falling.

Question (h). Did the mother bird offer any food to the young bird?
Answer: No, the mother bird did not give any food directly to the young bird. Instead, she used the food to encourage him to fly.
In simple words: No, the mother bird did not give him food directly.

🎯 Exam Tip: State a clear "No" and briefly explain the mother's strategy regarding the food.

Question (i). How did the bird feel when it started flying for the first time?
Answer: When the bird first started to fly, he felt scared for a moment and could feel his wingtips moving through the air. But almost immediately, he lost his fear. Although he felt a little dizzy, he flapped his wings and soared up and down, making happy sounds. This showed his natural instinct taking over.
In simple words: At first, he was scared, but then he became fearless. He felt a little dizzy but flapped his wings and screamed with joy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the initial fear, the quick transition to fearlessness, and the physical sensations like dizziness and joy.

Question (j). What did the young bird's family do when he started flying?
Answer: When the young bird started flying, his whole family flew around him. They were praising him, soaring high, and diving alongside him, celebrating his success. This was a moment of great triumph for the family.
In simple words: His family flew around him, praising him, and flying with him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the family's actions: flying around, praising, and engaging in aerial maneuvers with him.

A. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

Question 1. How was the young seagull's first attempt to fly?
Answer: The young seagull was extremely hungry and dived towards the fish in his mother's beak. He then fell into the air and became very scared, feeling his heart stop for a moment. But soon after, his wings spread, and he began to fly up and down without fear. This initial dive, though terrifying, triggered his natural ability to fly.
In simple words: The hungry seagull dived for fish, got scared, but then his wings spread, and he started to fly without fear.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the sequence of events: hunger, dive, fear, then the eventual success of flying.

Question 2. How did the parents support and encourage the young seagull's brothers and sister?
Answer: The seagull's parents flew with his brothers and sister. They helped them in the perfect art of flying. They showed them how to glide smoothly over the water and how to dive efficiently for fish. Their guidance was essential for the other young birds.
In simple words: The parents flew with his siblings, teaching them how to fly, glide on waves, and dive for fish.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention specific skills the parents taught, such as gliding and diving, to demonstrate their support.

Question 3. Give an instance that shows the pathetic condition of "the young bird"?
Answer: The young bird, having been without food for a day, found only a dried piece of mackerel's tail at the very end of his cliff ledge. He also looked around the place where he was born and chewed on dry eggshell bits. He was in a very sad state, crying weakly because he could not reach his mother who was tearing at a piece of fish. This scene highlights his extreme hunger and helplessness.
In simple words: The starving young bird found only a dried fish tail and eggshells. He cried sadly, unable to reach his mother who had fish.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe specific details of his hunger, such as the eggshell bits and inability to reach his mother's food.

Question 4. How did the bird try to reach its parents without having to fly?
Answer: The bird attempted to reach its parents by walking back and forth along the entire length of the cliff ledge, rather than using its wings to fly. This showed his fear of flying but strong desire for food.
In simple words: The bird walked from one end of the ledge to the other to try and get closer to its parents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the action of walking the ledge as his alternative to flying.

Question 5. Do you think that the young seagull's parents were harsh to him? Why?
Answer: No, the young seagull's parents were not harsh. They were simply giving him a very important lesson that would help him survive throughout his life. Learning to fly is crucial for a seagull's independence.
In simple words: No, his parents were not harsh. They were teaching him a vital lesson for his survival.

🎯 Exam Tip: Frame the parents' actions as a necessary life lesson for the seagull's survival and independence.

Question 6. What prompted the young seagull to fly finally?
Answer: The sight of food made the young seagull extremely frantic and desperate. He then dived towards the fish, forgetting his fear, which finally made him start flying. His overpowering hunger forced him to overcome his hesitation.
In simple words: The sight of food made him desperate, so he dived for it, which finally made him fly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that extreme hunger was the ultimate motivator that made him forget his fear and take the plunge.

Question 7. What happened to the seagull when it landed on the green sea?
Answer: When the young seagull landed on the green sea, he forgot that he had been unable to fly before. He made loud, sharp cries and turned his beak from side to side, showing amusement. However, he then screamed in fear when his legs touched the water and he began to sink. This moment was a mix of joy and panic.
In simple words: When he landed on the sea, he was joyful and crowed, but then he screamed in fright as he started to sink into the water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe both the initial joy/amusement and the subsequent fear/panic upon landing in the water.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1. What prevented the young seagull from flying with his siblings?
Answer: The young seagull's fear was what stopped him from flying alongside his brothers and sister. He lacked confidence in his own wings.
In simple words: His fear prevented the young seagull from flying with his siblings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state "fear" as the primary reason for his inability to fly with his siblings.

Question 2. What appeared to him so desperate?
Answer: His inability to find the courage to jump and try flying seemed extremely desperate to him. He felt trapped by his own fear.
In simple words: His lack of courage to take the first flight jump seemed very desperate to him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on his struggle to overcome his fear as the desperate situation he faced.

Question 3. What had the young bird watched the previous day?
Answer: The day before, the young bird had observed his parents flying around with his siblings. They were teaching them how to master flying, including how to glide just above the waves and how to dive efficiently for fish. This made him feel even more left out.
In simple words: The young bird watched his parents teach his siblings how to fly, skim waves, and dive for fish.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include the specific flying techniques his parents were teaching his siblings.

Question 4. How did the young bird fall into space?
Answer: The young bird plunged out from the ledge and fell downwards into the open air, letting out a loud scream. This happened suddenly when he tried to snatch food.
In simple words: The young bird fell outwards and downwards into the air, screaming loudly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the action of falling (plunged, fell outwards and downwards) and the sound he made.

Question 5. Why did his heart stand still?
Answer: His heart stopped beating for a moment because his mother flew upwards, and as he moved below her, he heard the sound of her wings. At that moment, a great fear overwhelmed him. This intense fear froze him in place.
In simple words: His heart stood still because a great terror seized him when his mother flew past him, and he heard the sound of her wings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that the sudden, overwhelming terror caused his heart to feel as if it stopped.

Question 6. What was his family doing when the young bird was floating on the sea?
Answer: While the young bird was floating on the sea, his family was crying out joyfully, praising him for his flight. They also offered him small pieces of dog-fish from their beaks as a reward. This was a moment of celebration for his achievement.
In simple words: His family was screaming, praising him, and giving him pieces of dog-fish when he was floating on the sea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include both the vocal expressions (screaming, praising) and the physical act (offering food scraps) of his family.

Question 7. What happened to the young sea gull at last?
Answer: Finally, the young seagull successfully completed his very first flight. This was a major step in his journey to independence.
In simple words: The young seagull finally made his first flight.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the ultimate outcome of the story: his successful first flight.

B. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

Question 1. Describe the struggles underwent by the young seagull to overcome its fear of flying.
Answer: The young seagull faced a great struggle to fly. He was one of four young birds but was too afraid to jump from the ledge, believing his wings were too weak. His parents, brothers, and sister tried to motivate him by scolding him and encouraging him, but he still lacked the courage. They even left him alone and without food for many hours, causing him to become extremely hungry and desperate, gnawing on eggshells. His hunger eventually became unbearable. When his mother flew past him with a piece of fish, the sight made him so frantic that he instinctively dived for it, forgetting his fear. This desperate plunge forced his wings to open, and he began to fly, realizing he could do it. His family then celebrated, flying around him, praising his effort, and offering him food. This experience taught him that courage helps overcome fear.
In simple words: The young seagull struggled because he was scared his wings were too weak to fly. His family tried to make him fly by scolding and encouraging him, and even by leaving him hungry. Finally, his extreme hunger made him dive for fish, which made him start flying, and his family celebrated his success.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the various struggles: his fear, his family's tough love, his hunger, and the final desperate act that led to flying.

Question 2. Your parents sometimes behave like the young bird's parents. They may seem cruel and unrelenting. Does it mean that they do not care for you? Explain your views about it with reference to the story.
Answer: No, if parents seem strict or unrelenting like the young bird's parents, it does not mean they do not care. Parents love their children and act as role models, teaching them important life skills and good habits. They encourage children to explore the world and learn new things, even if it feels difficult at first. Just as the seagull's parents pushed him to fly for his survival, parents sometimes act tough to help their children overcome fears and learn necessary skills, such as swimming. My own experience showed that what seemed like cruelty from my father when he made me swim actually made me a good swimmer. Therefore, parents are not cruel but wise, and their actions are always for their children's benefit and future success.
In simple words: No, when parents seem tough, it's not because they don't care. Like the seagull's parents, they want to teach important life skills and help children overcome fears for their own good. It might feel cruel, but it is wise, helping children to be confident and succeed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that seemingly harsh parental actions are often wise, aimed at teaching crucial life skills and fostering independence for the child's future.

F. Here is a travelogue by the students of Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Pattukkottai after their trip to Darjeeling. Listen to the travelogue and answer the following questions.

Question (i). Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. The students visited .......... city.
2. .......... is the third highest mountain in the world.
3. .......... hill is 13km away from Darjeeling.
4. The drinking water is supplied by ............ lake.
5. After Senchal lake, they visited ..........
Answer:
1. The students visited **Darjeeling** city.
2. **Kanchenjunga** is the third highest mountain in the world.
3. **Tiger** hill is 13km away from Darjeeling.
4. The drinking water is supplied by **Senchal** lake.
5. After Senchal lake, they visited **Batasia Loop**.
In simple words: The blanks are filled with the names of places the students visited or learned about on their trip to Darjeeling.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the details provided in the travelogue to accurately fill in each blank with the correct place name or fact.

G. Here is a dialogue between a father and his daughter. Continue the dialogue with at least five utterances and use all the clues given above.

Question 1. Fill in the blanks in the dialogue.
Answer:
Father: Hi Mary, it has been a very long time since we went on a trip. Let's plan one.
Mary: Yes, dad. I am also longing to go. Why don't we plan one for this weekend?
Father: Sure. Tell me, where **shall** we go?
Mary: Someplace **were** nearby but at least for two days.
Father: Hmm... I think we **should** go to the reserved forest nearby.
Mary: Yeah. I've never been to a forest. I have seen a forest only on TV and in movies. The forest is a good choice!
Father: OK. If we are going to the forest, we **must** list out what we should carry with us for two days.
Mary: I think we should carry suitable clothes like (1) **sweaters, raincoats, woollen caps, night coats, and gowns.**
Father: What about the food? Do you have any idea, Mary?
Mary: Yeah. For food, I suggest (2) **bread, jam, and butter. We can have biscuits as well as fruits.**
Father: (3) **What would you like to have to drink?**
Mary: (4) **Apart from water, we need to have tinned juice. We can carry hot water.**
In simple words: The father and daughter are planning a trip to a forest. They talk about where to go, what clothes to pack, and what food and drinks to bring.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing dialogues, always read the entire conversation to understand the context and tone before filling in the blanks.

H. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow

Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a long elastic cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to hover above the ground. The thrill of bungee jumping comes from the free-falling and the rebound. When the person jumps, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards again as the cord recoils and continues to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic energy is dissipated.

Jumping Heights, located in Mohan Chatti village, in Rishikesh has been rated as one of the most preferred bungee jumping destinations in India at a height of 83 meters. It is the only place in India where bungee jumping can be done from a fixed platform. This is also India's only fixed platform Bungee-performed from a professional cantilever, to separate it from entertainment parks, and create instead an extreme adventure zone. The Bungee has been designed by David Allardice of New Zealand.

The Cantilever platform is built over a rocky cliff overlooking the river Hall, a tributary of the River Ganges. Bungee-ing amidst the vastness of nature lends the experience an absolutely breathtaking quality. Jumping heights is well known for its safety measures and experienced staff. It costs around Rs 2500 per jump, a bit expensive, but totally worth the experience. The Bungee jumping experience has been set amidst the astoundingly stunning landscape of Rishikesh. To Bungee jump, one must be at least 12 years and should weigh between 40-110 kg.

Question 1. What is Bungee jumping?
Answer: Bungee jumping is a fun activity where a person jumps from a high place like a building or bridge. They are attached to a long elastic rope. This rope stretches and pulls them back up after the jump. It's an exciting way to feel like you're flying freely.
In simple words: Bungee jumping is when someone jumps from a tall spot with a stretchy rope tied to them, making them bounce up and down.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the activity clearly, mentioning its main components like "jumping from a tall structure" and "elastic cord."

Question 2. Can Bungee be performed from a movable object? How?
Answer: Yes, bungee jumping can be done from a movable object. For example, people can jump from a hot-air-balloon or a helicopter. These objects can stay steady in the air, allowing a safe jump. The key is that the object needs to be able to hover above the ground. This gives the jumper the necessary height for the experience.
In simple words: Yes, bungee jumping can be done from things that move, like hot-air balloons or helicopters, because they can float still in the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering "How?", provide specific examples and briefly explain the mechanism or condition that makes it possible.

Question 3. When do you think Bungee becomes thrilling?
Answer: Bungee jumping becomes thrilling during two main parts: the free-fall and the rebound. When a person jumps, they fall freely for a moment, which is very exciting. Then, the cord stretches and pulls them back up, making them fly upwards again. This up and down motion, until all the energy is gone, adds to the thrill. The feeling of falling and bouncing makes it an extreme adventure.
In simple words: Bungee jumping gets exciting when you free-fall and then bounce back up as the cord stretches and recoils.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the specific actions or sensations (free-falling, rebound) that contribute to the thrill, as described in the passage.

Question 4. What is the experience when one falls off the platform?
Answer: When someone falls off the platform during a bungee jump, the cord stretches out. After stretching, the cord pulls the jumper back up, making them fly upwards. Then, the jumper moves up and down like a pendulum until all the movement energy is used up. This is a very unique and powerful sensation. The feeling of being suspended and oscillating provides the core of the bungee experience.
In simple words: When you jump, the cord stretches, pulls you up, and then you bounce up and down until you stop moving.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the sequence of events (cord stretches, flies upwards, oscillates) as detailed in the passage for a complete answer.

Question 5. Where is the Bungee jumping point located in India?
Answer: In India, the bungee jumping spot is located in Mohan Chatti village. This village is in Rishikesh. It is known for its height of 83 meters. This location offers a breathtaking view over the River Ganges.
In simple words: The bungee jumping spot in India is in Mohan Chatti village, Rishikesh, and it's 83 meters high.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide the full location name, including the village, city, and country, along with any notable details like height.

Question 6. What is the minimum age to Bungee jump?
Answer: The minimum age required to do bungee jumping is 12 years old. This rule is in place to ensure the safety of all participants. Along with age, there's also a weight requirement between 40-110 kg. These regulations help manage the risks involved.
In simple words: You must be at least 12 years old to do bungee jumping.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the age clearly and mention any other linked requirements (like weight) if they are provided in the source.

Writing:

I. Prepare attractive advertisements using the hints given below.
1. Home appliances – Aadi sale – 20-50% – Special Combo Offers – Muthusamy & Co, Raja Street, Gingee.
2. Mobile Galaxy – Smart phones – accessories – Sim Cards – Recharge – Free power banks on mobile purchase – No.1, Toll gate, Trichy

Answer:
**Advertisement 1: Home Appliances - Muthusamy & Co.**

MUTHUSAMY & CO
Raja street, GINGEE

OFFER! HOME APPLIANCES
AADI SALE
Special Combo Offers

Rush For Your ARTICLES
Only Limited Stock

DON'T MISS IT!

Raja street, GINGEE, TIRUNELVELI

This advertisement tells customers about a big Aadi sale on home appliances. They can save a lot of money, from 20% to 50%, and also get special combo deals. The store is Muthusamy & Co. in Gingee. It encourages people to hurry because stocks are limited. Good deals like this make it easy for families to upgrade their homes.

**Advertisement 2: Mobile Galaxy - Antony Mobiles**

Antony Mobiles
Hurryup MOBILE GALAXY
Smart Phones | Accessories | Sim Cards | Recharge

10.45
10.12.19

FREE Power Banks
on Mobile Purchase

No.1, Toll gate, Trichy

This advertisement is for Antony Mobiles, promoting their "Mobile Galaxy" store. It highlights that they offer smartphones, accessories, SIM cards, and recharge services. A key attraction is the offer of free power banks with any mobile purchase. The store is located at No.1, Toll gate, Trichy. Such offers help people stay connected and powered up.

🎯 Exam Tip: When creating an advertisement, ensure it clearly communicates the product, offer, and location. Use catchy phrases and highlight benefits to attract customers.

Question 1. 'Educational Development Day' was organized in your school on 15th July. The District Collector was the Chief Guest of the event. As part of the event, many competitions were held and the prizes were distributed to the winners and participants. It was a grand and successful event. Now, as a member of the organizing committee, write a report on the event in about 120 words.
Answer:

Educational Development Day

15th July 2019: K.Mukilan

St. Thomas Higher Secondary School, Nellai, recently held its Educational Development Day on July 15, 2019. This event celebrated the birth anniversary of K. Kamaraj, the former Chief Minister of Tamilnadu. The main goal was to encourage educational growth in Tamil Nadu. Around 800 students and teachers helped organize the program. The day started with a prayer song by the school choir, and the Headmaster gave a welcoming speech.

The District Collector was the chief guest and led the function. She spoke about the importance of education and officially revealed K. Kamaraj's portrait. Students and teachers also shared their thoughts. Junior and senior students performed various cultural programs. Mementos were given to the chief guest and other special guests. All student participants received certificates. This event greatly inspired students.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good report should include the event's name, date, purpose, key guests, main activities, and a brief conclusion, following a formal structure.

Question 2. You are the School Pupil Leader. You have been asked to write a report on the Inaugural Ceremony of English Literary Association of your school which was held recently. Write a report on the same in not more than 120 words.
Answer:

Inaugural Ceremony of English Literary Association

16th July 2019: K.Mukilan

Our school’s English Literary Association had its inauguration on June 16, 2019, in the T.D.T.A. Higher Secondary School auditorium in Christianagaram. The program started with a prayer song. Prof. Dr. J. Alex, Principal of St. Thomas College of Education, was our chief guest. The Headmaster welcomed everyone. The chief guest then gave a speech about how important English and good communication skills in English are. Our Senior English teacher gave the vote of thanks. The ceremony ended with the National Anthem. This event aimed to inspire students to improve their English language and literary skills.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a report on an inaugural ceremony, include the association's name, date, chief guest, highlights of speeches, and the overall objective. Use formal language.

Question 3. You are the Coordinator of the Science Forum of your school. An event had been organized on account of National Science Day for the members of the forum. Now, write a report on the observation of “National Science Day" at your school?
Answer:

National Science Day

17th July 2019: K.Mukilan

Our school, St. Paul's Higher Secondary School in Nellai, celebrated National Science Day on February 28, 2019. This event was planned by the Science Club coordinator. We celebrate this day every year to remember the famous Indian scientist, Dr. C.V. Raman. The school held a special assembly to mark the occasion. The program started with an introductory speech by the Headmaster. Students from Std X to XII took part in quizzes, debates, and innovative science projects. Some children dressed up as famous scientists. Prizes were given to the winners of different competitions. The main aim of the program is to help young students become budding scientists. It was a day full of learning and inspiration.
In simple words: Our school celebrated National Science Day to honor a scientist and inspire students. We had quizzes, debates, and projects, with students dressing up as scientists.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting on Science Day, mention the date, purpose (e.g., honoring a scientist), activities (quizzes, projects), and the overall goal (inspiring scientific interest).

Grammar
Modals:

A. Complete these sentences using appropriate modals. The clues in the brackets will help you.
1. When I was a child, I climb trees easily but now I can't. (ability in the past)
2. I win the singing contest. (determination)
3. You buy this book. It is worth buying (advice or suggestion)
4. Poongothai speak several languages (ability in the present)
5. I swear I tell lies again (promise)
6. My father play badminton in the evening when he was at college (past habit)
7. You do as I say! (command)
8. I have another glass of water? (request)
9. Sibi has not practised hard but he win the race (possibility)
10. We preserve our natural resources (duty)
Answer:
1. When I was a child, I **could** climb trees easily but now I can't.
2. I **shall** win the singing contest.
3. You **should/must** buy this book. It is worth buying.
4. Poongothai **can** speak several languages.
5. I swear I **shall not/won't** tell lies again.
6. My father **used to** play badminton in the evening when he was at college.
7. You **should/must** do as I say!
8. **May** I have another glass of water?
9. Sibi has not practised hard but he **can** win the race.
10. We **ought to** preserve our natural resources.
In simple words: We used special words called modals to complete sentences. They show things like past ability (could), strong intention (shall), advice (should), present ability (can), promises (won't), old habits (used to), commands (must), requests (may), possibilities (can), and duties (ought to).

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the meaning of each modal verb (can, could, should, must, may, might, will, shall, ought to, used to) and match it to the context and hint provided in the sentence.

Question 1. Would I have your autograph?
Answer: May, can I have your autograph.
In simple words: We changed the way the question was asked to be more polite, using "May" or "Can" instead of "Would".

🎯 Exam Tip: "May" is typically used for polite requests, while "can" indicates ability. Both are acceptable for asking for an autograph.

Question 2. I can be fifteen next April.
Answer: I shall be fifteen next April.
In simple words: We used "shall" to talk about a future event that is certain, like a birthday, instead of "can".

🎯 Exam Tip: "Shall" (or "will") is often used for future statements or predictions, especially regarding age, while "can" indicates ability or possibility.

Question 3. Take an umbrella. It should rain later.
Answer: Take an umbrella. It may rain later.
In simple words: We used "may" instead of "should" to show that rain is a possibility, not a recommendation or obligation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "may" or "might" for possibility, "should" for advice or expectation, and "must" for strong obligation. Match the modal to the level of certainty or advice needed.

Question 4. The Magistrate ordered that he might kitchen garden but we don't do it now. pay the fine.
Answer: The Magistrate ordered that he should / must pay the fine.
In simple words: We changed "might" to "should" or "must" to show that the Magistrate's order was a command or strong requirement to pay the fine.

🎯 Exam Tip: When expressing orders or strong obligations from an authority, "should" or "must" are appropriate modals, implying a necessary action.

Question 5.
Answer: Make me a cup of tea, will you?
In simple words: This sentence is a request. The "will you?" part makes it a polite way to ask for something.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Will you?" or "Would you?" are common and polite ways to frame a request in English. Always use a question mark when forming such requests.

Question 6.
Answer: You must / ought to speak politely to others.
In simple words: This sentence tells you that it is important or your duty to speak kindly to other people.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Must" indicates a strong obligation or necessity, while "ought to" implies a moral duty or correct behavior.

Question 7. You will get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.
Answer: You should get your teeth cleaned once a year.
In simple words: We changed "will" to "should" to give advice about cleaning teeth every year, not just state a future fact.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Should" is used for advice or recommendations, indicating what is good or proper to do.

Question 8. We could grow vegetables in our Kitchen garden but we don't do it now.
Answer: We used to grow vegetables in our kitchen garden but we don't do it now.
In simple words: We used "used to" to talk about a past habit of growing vegetables that doesn't happen anymore.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Used to" correctly expresses a discontinued past habit or a state that existed in the past but not now.

Question 9. Must I get your jacket? The weather is cold.
Answer: Shall I get your jacket? The weather is cold.
In simple words: We changed "Must I" to "Shall I" to make it a polite offer to get the jacket, instead of asking if it's necessary.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Shall I/we" is typically used for offers or suggestions, whereas "must I" is for asking about a strong obligation.

Question 10. Could the train be on time?
Answer: Will the train be on time?
In simple words: We changed "Could" to "Will" to ask directly about the future certainty of the train's arrival time.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Will" is used to ask about future events or predictions. "Could" often implies possibility or a polite request, which isn't the primary intent here.

C. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks with suitable modals.
Answer:
Dad: (1) **Shall** we go out for dinner tonight?
Mary: Yes, dad. I am also longing to go. Why don't we plan one for this weekend?
Father: Sure. Tell me, where **shall** we go?
Mary: Someplace **were** nearby but at least for two days.
Father: Hmm... I think we **should** go to the reserved forest nearby.
Mary: Yeah. I've never been to a forest. I have seen a forest only on TV and in movies. The forest is a good choice!
Father: OK. If we are going to the forest, we **must** list out what we should carry with us for two days.
Mary: I think we should carry suitable clothes like (1) **sweaters, raincoats, woollen caps, night coats, and gowns.**
Father: What about the food? Do you have any idea, Mary?
Mary: Yeah. For food, I suggest (2) **bread, jam, and butter. We can have biscuits as well as fruits.**
Father: (3) **What would you like to have to drink?**
Mary: (4) **Apart from water, we need to have tinned juice. We can carry hot water.**
Dad: OK. Then I (3) **shall/must** be home by 7 p.m. Mom and you (4) **will** be ready then.
Charan: Sure, we (4) **may/shall** My friend told me that there is a magic show nearby, (5) **will** you please take us there?
Dad: We (6) **should/must** not have time to go for the magic show, I suppose. If we have enough time left, we (7) **shall** plan.
Charan: By the way, (8) **ought to** we inform our gatekeeper about our outing.
Dad: Yes, we (9) **will/won't** so that he will be aware we aren't at home.
Charan: (10) **Shall** I call up Mom and tell her about our plan today?
Dad: You (11) **will/shall** Otherwise, we might be in trouble when she returns home.
Charan: Hmm... by the time you come home in the evening, we will be waiting for you. Hope you (12) **will** be late. Bye.
In simple words: This is a dialogue where people use modal verbs to talk about plans, requests, and duties. Words like "shall," "must," "will," and "ought to" help show permission, possibility, necessity, or future actions in their conversation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When filling dialogue blanks with modals, consider the speaker's intent: is it a suggestion (shall), a command (must), a request (may), or a future plan (will)?

D. Read the following dialogues and supply appropriate modals.
Answer:
**Dialogue 1:**
Student: **Can** we leave our bags in the class during the break?
Teacher: Yes, you **can**, but arrange them neatly.

**Dialogue 2:**
Passenger: My child is 6 years old. **Do** I have to buy him a ticket?
Conductor: Yes, you **do**. It costs half of the price of an adult ticket.

**Dialogue 3:**
Vani: **Can** we go for coffee after the meeting?
Yoga: No, I **have to** go home.

**Dialogue 4:**
Salesman: When **shall** I receive my order?
Customer: I **assure** you sir, the order will be delivered tomorrow.

**Dialogue 5:**
Neela: Do you think I **should** write about my education background in the resume?
Preethi: Yes, you **should**. You **will** get a better job.
In simple words: In these dialogues, we used words like "can," "do," "have to," "shall," "should," and "will" to make sentences complete. These words help express abilities, necessities, questions, and advice in conversations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the context of each dialogue snippet to choose the most fitting modal verb that conveys the correct meaning or intent.

E. Here are a few sentences already done for you. The clues given would be helpful to make more sentences on your own.
1. I would suggest that you take the Uzhavan Express to Thanjavur from Chennai.
2. You will be more if you could book 3 tier A/C
3. You could enjoy
4. You should visit
5. You mustn't miss
6. You can buy the
7.
8.
9.
10.
Answer:
1. I would suggest that you take the Uzhavan Express to Thanjavur from Chennai.
2. You will be more comfortable if you could book 3 tier A/C.
3. You could enjoy **the journey if you would travel by train.**
4. You should visit **all the important places.**
5. You mustn't miss **the beautiful temple.**
6. You can buy the **unique products of Thanjavur.**
7. You will love the local food.
8. You must try the Thanjavur doll.
9. You should carry a camera to capture memories.
10. I hope you have a great trip.
In simple words: This exercise shows how to use modal words to suggest actions, express possibilities, and give advice for a trip. It helps complete sentences about travel plans and experiences.

🎯 Exam Tip: When completing sentences, ensure your additions logically fit the context and the meaning implied by the initial phrase. Use modals effectively to express advice, possibility, or obligation.

Question 5. They have asked me to pay the fine?
Answer: I have been asked by them to pay the fine. This transformation clearly shows who the action was directed towards, emphasizing the receiver.
In simple words: They told me to pay the fine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to clarify the agent in passive voice (e.g., "by them") for full clarity when converting from active voice.

Question 6. The militants were being taken to prison by the police?
Answer: The police were taking the militants to the prison. Active voice makes it clear who was performing the action, which can be more direct.
In simple words: The police were putting the militants in prison.

🎯 Exam Tip: When changing from passive to active, identify the 'doer' of the action and make them the subject of the new sentence.

Question 7. Does his behaviour vex me?
Answer: I am annoyed by his behavior. Using 'vexed' or 'annoyed' helps convey the emotional impact described in the original active sentence.
In simple words: His behavior makes me annoyed.

🎯 Exam Tip: For verbs like 'vex' or 'annoy', the passive construction often uses 'by' to introduce the cause of the feeling.

Question 8. Rosy will solve the problem?
Answer: The problem will be solved by Rosy. This passive form highlights the problem as the focus, rather than Rosy.
In simple words: Rosy will fix the problem.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting future simple active to passive, use 'will be' followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Question 9. Our army has defeated the enemy?
Answer: The enemy has been defeated by our army. This structure emphasizes the outcome of the battle from the enemy's perspective.
In simple words: Our army beat the enemy.

🎯 Exam Tip: For present perfect active to passive, use 'has/have been' followed by the past participle.

Question 10. The salesman answered all the questions patiently?
Answer: All the questions were answered patiently by the salesman. This construction puts the focus on the questions and their resolution, rather than just the salesman.
In simple words: The salesman answered all the questions calmly.

🎯 Exam Tip: In passive voice, the original object becomes the new subject, and the original subject (the doer) is often introduced with 'by'.

G. Change the following into passive voice.

Question 1. Please call me at once?
Answer: You are requested to call me immediately. This shows that imperative sentences can be rephrased into polite requests in the passive voice.
In simple words: You need to call me now.

🎯 Exam Tip: For polite requests, 'You are requested to...' is a standard passive structure.

Question 2. How did you cross the river?
Answer: How was the river crossed by you? This passive question focuses on the method of crossing rather than who did it.
In simple words: How did you get across the river?

🎯 Exam Tip: In passive questions, the auxiliary verb (like 'was') comes before the subject (the river).

Question 3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library?
Answer: The novels are not being borrowed from the library. This passive voice sentence highlights the state of the novels, which is that they are not being taken out.
In simple words: Nobody is taking books from the library.

🎯 Exam Tip: When the active voice subject is "no one" or "nobody", the passive sentence will be negative.

Question 4. Will you help me?
Answer: Will I be helped by you? This passive question shifts the focus to the person who needs help.
In simple words: Can you help me?

🎯 Exam Tip: For "will" questions, the passive structure is "Will + object + be + past participle + by subject?".

Question 5. Go for a jog early in the morning?
Answer: You are requested to go for a jog early in the morning. This passive construction transforms a direct command into a polite suggestion.
In simple words: Please go for a run in the morning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Commands or requests in active voice often become "You are requested/ordered to..." in passive voice.

Question 6. Why have you left your brother at home?
Answer: Why has your brother been left at home by you? This question focuses on the brother's state of being left, rather than the reason for the action.
In simple words: Why did you leave your brother at home?

🎯 Exam Tip: Interrogative words (like 'Why') remain at the beginning of the sentence in passive voice questions.

Question 7. Nobody should violate the rules?
Answer: The rules should not be violated. The passive form emphasizes the rules themselves and their importance, rather than who should uphold them.
In simple words: No one should break the rules.

🎯 Exam Tip: When "nobody" is the subject in active voice, the passive voice becomes negative.

Question 8. Some one has to initiate it immediately?
Answer: It has to be initiated immediately. This highlights the urgency of the action itself, making the agent less important.
In simple words: Someone must start it quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: For modal verbs like "has to", the passive structure is "has to be" followed by the past participle.

Question 9. Have you invited Raman for the party?
Answer: Has Raman been invited to the party by you? This passive question focuses on Raman's invitation status rather than the inviter.
In simple words: Did you invite Raman to the party?

🎯 Exam Tip: In yes/no passive questions, the auxiliary verb (e.g., 'Has') starts the sentence.

Question 10. Please, do not walk on the grass?
Answer: You are requested not to walk on the grass. This shows how a negative command can be politely conveyed in passive form.
In simple words: Do not walk on the grass, please.

🎯 Exam Tip: For negative commands, use "You are requested not to..."

Question 11. Cross the busy road carefully?
Answer: You are advised to cross the busy road carefully. This polite passive construction emphasizes the importance of caution rather than a direct order.
In simple words: Please cross the busy road with care.

🎯 Exam Tip: Commands or advice can be made passive using "You are advised to..." or "Let + object + be + past participle."

Question 12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru?
Answer: When will the tickets to Bengaluru be booked by you? This question keeps the focus on the tickets and the booking time.
In simple words: When will you get the tickets for Bengaluru?

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the tense and meaning remain consistent when transforming questions into passive voice.

H. In the following sentences the verbs have two objects namely Direct and Indirect objects. Change each of the following sentences into two passives using direct object as the subject in one and indirect in the other.

Question 1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.
Answer:
(a) Jill was given a bar of chocolate by John.
(b) A bar of chocolate was given to Jill by John.
Using two passive forms helps to shift emphasis between the recipient and the item given.
In simple words: John gave Jill a chocolate. We can say Jill got chocolate or chocolate was given to Jill.

🎯 Exam Tip: When two objects are present, you can make either the direct or indirect object the subject of the passive sentence.

Question 2. Pragathi lent a pencil to Keerthana.
Answer:
(a) Keerthana was lent a pencil by Pragathi.
(b) A pencil was lent to Keerthana by Pragathi.
Both passive forms clearly show the loan of the pencil and who was involved.
In simple words: Pragathi gave a pencil to Keerthana for a short time. You can say Keerthana received the pencil or the pencil was given to her.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use the past participle of the verb ('lent' here) in both passive constructions.

Question 3. Sudha told the truth to her friend.
Answer:
(a) The truth was told to her friend by Sudha.
(b) Her friend was told the truth by Sudha.
The choice of passive voice can subtly highlight either the message or the listener.
In simple words: Sudha told her friend what was true. We can say the truth was shared, or the friend heard the truth.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'To' is often used before the indirect object (recipient) when the direct object becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

Question 4. They offered the job to Venkat.
Answer:
(a) The job was offered to Venkat by them.
(b) Venkat was offered the job by them.
These passive constructions are common in formal settings to announce job offers.
In simple words: They gave Venkat the job. We can say the job was given, or Venkat got the job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the proper use of prepositions like 'to' or 'by' depending on which object becomes the subject.

Question 5. The boss showed the new computer to Kaviya.
Answer:
(a) The new computer was shown to Kaviya by the boss.
(b) Kaviya was shown the new computer by the boss.
Both passive forms highlight the presentation of the computer, with Kaviya as the recipient.
In simple words: The boss let Kaviya see the new computer. We can say the computer was displayed, or Kaviya was shown it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice forming passive sentences with both direct and indirect objects to master their usage.

I. Rewrite the following passage in the passive voice.
Answer: Ambrose's motorbike was stolen a few days ago. It had been left outside his house by Ambrose. The theft was reported to the police by him. He was told by the police that his motorbike would be found. This morning, his motorbike was found by them. Ambrose was called to the police station. The motorbike had been painted by the thieves and then it was sold to someone else. The motorbike had been parked outside a mall by the new owner when it was found by the police. After an enquiry, the thieves were arrested by the police. This exercise effectively demonstrates how a narrative can be shifted to emphasize the objects of actions.
In simple words: Ambrose's motorbike was stolen and left outside. He told the police. The police said they would look for it. Later, it was found. Ambrose was called. The thieves had painted it and sold it. The new owner parked it at a mall, and that's where the police found it. The thieves were caught.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting a passage to passive voice, identify the actions and their objects, then make the objects the new subjects, often adding "by" to indicate the original subject.

J. Write a recipe of your favourite dish in passive voice. Remember to list out the ingredients of the dish you have chosen and their quantity. Use simple present tense to write your recipe.
Answer:
Ingredients:
Mangoes - 3
Chilly powder – 3 spoons
Salt – 2 spoons
Asafoetida - 1 spoon
Oil – 3 tea spoonfuls
First, three mangoes are washed and dried. They are then chopped into small pieces and dried again. Next, salt is added along with a little asafoetida. Chilly powder is also mixed in. This mixture is then kept in sunlight for one day. After this, two or three spoonfuls of oil are poured into a frying pan. The oil is heated, and mustard seeds are added and fried. Finally, the heated oil is added to the mango mixture. The entire preparation must be kept in sunlight for one more day. Now, the delicious mango pickle is ready to be enjoyed.
In simple words: Wash and dry three mangoes. Chop them small. Add salt, asafoetida, and chili powder. Keep this mix in the sun for a day. Heat oil in a pan, add mustard seeds, and fry them. Pour this hot oil into the mango mix. Keep it in the sun for one more day. Then your mango pickle is ready.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a recipe in passive voice, use simple present tense and ensure the object of each action becomes the subject, like "Mangoes are washed."

K. Write a report of an event held at your school using passive voice. Use simple past tense to narrate the event.
Answer:
A Report of an event held in our school
A cultural program was organized by the teachers for the school children on Children's Day. It was performed by the teachers, featuring a traditional gypsy dance. All of them were dressed in gypsy costumes. Expert makeup was applied by a skilled teacher. They were called to the stage with an announcement. The event was observed by a dog in the school. It was assumed by the dog that the performers were strangers. The dog began to bark at the participants. One of the teachers was chased by the dog, causing her to drop her tin while seeking help. All the children were given a big surprise. It was considered an interesting event that day, and everyone found it hard to control their laughter mixed with a little fear.
In simple words: Teachers set up a cultural show for kids on Children's Day. They did a gypsy dance in costumes. A teacher did their makeup. They were called to the stage. A dog watched, thought they were strangers, and barked. The dog chased a teacher, who dropped her tin. The kids were surprised and found it funny, but also a little scary. It was a memorable day.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a report in passive voice, use past tense for actions and focus on the event itself rather than who did what, making it sound more formal.