RBSE Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Agriculture Management

Agriculture Management Textbook Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1.
1. Wheat is a crops of:
(a) Rabi
(b) Kharif
(c) Zaid
(d) all of the options
2. Modern technique of irrigation is:
(a) Charas
(b) Dhekli
(c) Electric pump
(d) Rahat
Answer:
1. (a) Rabi
2. (c) Electric pump
In simple words: Wheat is a Rabi crop, meaning it is grown in winter. An electric pump is a new way to water fields, unlike older methods like Charas or Dhekli.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two main crop seasons (Rabi, Kharif) and some examples for each. Also, distinguish between traditional and modern irrigation methods.

 

Question 2. Fill in the blanks:
1. The proces of loosening the soil by use of a plough is called..................
2. Healthy seeds are..................in weight and unhealthy seeds are..................
3. Sowing of only one type of soil continously lowers the..................of the soil.
4. On the basis of season crops are mainly of..................types.
Answer:
1. ploughing
2. heavy, light
3. fertility
4. two
In simple words: Loosening soil with a plough is called ploughing. Good seeds are usually heavy, while bad ones are light. Growing the same crop repeatedly makes the soil less fertile. Crops are mainly grown in two main seasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to keywords related to farming processes like ploughing, identifying good seeds, soil health, and crop classification.

 

Question. What is a crop?
Answer: Plants grown at regular times to meet the food needs of humans and animals are called crop plants. Also, plants that are grown in a specific season are called crops. Crop cultivation is a fundamental aspect of human civilization, ensuring a steady food supply.
In simple words: Crop plants are plants grown at specific times to feed people and animals. Any plant grown during a certain season is called a crop.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define "crop" by mentioning both the purpose (food for humans/animals) and the method (grown at fixed intervals or seasons).

 

Question 2. Give two examples each of Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid crops?
Answer:
Rabi crops: wheat, gram
Kharif crops: maize, groundnut
Zaid crops: watermelon, kakri
In simple words: Rabi crops are like wheat and gram, grown in winter. Kharif crops such as maize and groundnut are grown in the rainy season. Zaid crops, like watermelon and kakri, grow in the short summer season between the other two.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize at least two examples for each crop type (Rabi, Kharif, Zaid) as this is a common direct recall question.

 

Question 3. What is threshing?
Answer: After harvesting, crops are dried to remove moisture. Then, the process of separating the seeds from their husks is called threshing. This step helps in cleaning the grains for storage and consumption.
In simple words: Threshing is when we separate the seeds from the husk of harvested crops. First, the crops are dried.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define threshing as the separation of seeds from husk, and mention that it happens after harvesting and drying.

 

Question 4. What are the sources of irrigation?
Answer: Sources of irrigation are:
(a) Traditional sources: chadas, handpump, dhekli
(b) Modern sources: hand pump, electric pump, diesel pump
In simple words: Irrigation gets water from old ways like chadas and dhekli, or newer ways using hand, electric, or diesel pumps.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly categorize irrigation sources into traditional and modern methods, providing examples for each to show a complete understanding.

Agriculture Management Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. What are the modern techniques of irrigation? Describe them.
Answer: The modern techniques of irrigation are the sprinkler system and the drip system. These methods help save water and are more efficient.
(a) Sprinkler system: This method is best for uneven land and places with less water. Perpendicular pipes with rotating nozzles are connected to a main pipeline. When water flows through the main pipe, it escapes from the nozzles and sprinkles over the crop like rain. It is very good for sandy soil.
(b) Drip system: In this system, water falls drop by drop directly onto the plant roots. It is the best way to water fruit plants, gardens, and trees. This system uses a main pipe with smaller lateral pipes, which have nozzles near the plant roots. Water is not wasted, making it helpful in areas with low water availability.
In simple words: Modern irrigation uses sprinkler systems and drip systems. Sprinklers spray water like rain, good for uneven land. Drip systems slowly drop water right at the roots, saving a lot of water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe both sprinkler and drip systems, including where they are most useful (e.g., uneven land for sprinklers, fruit plants for drip) and how they conserve water.

 

Question 2. What problems does a farmer face while cultivation? What method would you suggest overcome those problems?
Answer: Farmers face several problems during cultivation, requiring crop protection measures:
1. Weeds: Unwanted plants that grow with crops compete for nutrients. They prevent crops from getting enough nutrients and sunlight. To prevent this, farmers can do tilling often or use weedicides.
2. Natural disasters: Floods, droughts, cold, and fire can harm crops. Farmers need to plan for these unforeseen events.
3. Diseases: Insects, fungi, bacteria, and viruses can cause diseases, leading to deformed leaves, dry stems, damaged fruits, and low yields. These can be prevented by spraying insecticides, bacteriocides, and fungicides.
4. Animals: Animals can harm crops. To prevent damage, farmers can use fencing or other preventive measures. Protecting crops from these issues helps ensure a good harvest.
In simple words: Farmers face issues like weeds, natural disasters, diseases, and animals. They can control weeds by tilling or using weedicides, prevent diseases by spraying chemicals, and protect from animals by fencing.

🎯 Exam Tip: List common farming problems and for each, provide one or two specific solutions or preventive measures to show a practical understanding of crop management.

Agriculture Management Additional Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1. Which of the following is a cash crop?
(a) Maize
(b) Rubber
(c) Mustard
(d) Pea
Answer: (b) Rubber
In simple words: A cash crop is grown to be sold for money, not mainly for eating. Rubber is one such crop that brings income to farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the definition of a cash crop and be able to identify examples that are primarily cultivated for commercial purposes rather than direct consumption.

 

Question 2. Which among the following is not a Rabi crop?
(a) Wheat
(b) Pea
(c) Cotton
(d) Gram
Answer: (c) Cotton
In simple words: Rabi crops grow in winter. Cotton is grown in summer and is a Kharif crop, so it is not a Rabi crop.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the examples for Rabi (winter) and Kharif (monsoon) crops to correctly identify which one doesn't fit a category.

 

Question 3. The nitrogen deficiency in the soil can be made up by:
(a) crop rotation
(b) ploughing
(c) harvesting
(d) broadcasting
Answer: (a) crop rotation
In simple words: When soil doesn't have enough nitrogen, growing different crops one after another, called crop rotation, helps bring nitrogen back into the soil naturally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know that crop rotation is a natural method to restore soil nutrients, especially nitrogen, by alternating different types of crops.

 

Question 5. For safe storage of cereal grains, moisture content of the grains should not be more than:
(a) 84%
(b) 4'4%
(c) 34%
(d) 14%
Answer: (d) 14%
In simple words: Grains need to be very dry to be stored safely. If they have more than 14% water, they can spoil easily.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the specific moisture percentage limit for grain storage; higher moisture content can lead to spoilage from pests and molds.

 

Question 6. Supply of water to crops at appropriate interval is called:
(a) irrigation
(b) cultivation
(c) sowing
(d) harvesting
Answer: (a) irrigation
In simple words: Giving water to crops at the right times is called irrigation. It's how farmers make sure plants get enough water to grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the basic definitions of agricultural terms; irrigation specifically refers to providing water to crops.

 

Question 7. Sprinkler irrigation is best suited for:
(a) loamy soil
(b) clayey soil
(c) sandy soil
(d) both (a) and (b)
Answer: (c) sandy soil
In simple words: Sandy soil drains water quickly, so sprinkling water slowly over it is the best way to make sure the plants get enough water without it all running away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect irrigation methods to soil types; sprinkler systems are efficient for sandy soils where water absorption is quick but retention is low.

 

Question 8. Cutting and collecting mature crop is called:
(a) broadcasting
(b) crop rotation
(c) horticulture
(d) harvesting
Answer: (d) harvesting
In simple words: When crops are fully grown and ready, cutting them down and gathering them is called harvesting. It is the final step before processing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the definition of harvesting as the process of gathering mature crops from the fields.

 

Question 9. The process of separating grains from stalk and grains from the husk and chaff respectively are
(a) winnowing and threshing
(b) threshing and winnowing
Answer: (b) threshing and winnowing
In simple words: First, threshing separates grains from the plant stalk. Then, winnowing separates the lighter husk and chaff from the heavier grains.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the correct sequence and purpose of threshing (grains from stalk) and winnowing (grains from chaff/husk).

 

Question 11. The practice of sowing seeds by hand is known as-
(a) spreading
(b) broad casting
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Answer: (b) broad casting
In simple words: When farmers throw seeds by hand over a field, it's called broad casting. This method spreads the seeds over a wide area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize "broad casting" as the term for manually scattering seeds over an area.

 

Question 12. Which instrument is used for spraying weedicides?
(a) plough
(b) sprayer
(c) cultivator
(d) combine
Answer: (b) sprayer
In simple words: A sprayer is a tool used to spread liquids like weedicides over crops. It helps apply the chemicals evenly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate specific tools with their functions; a sprayer is designed for applying liquid chemicals like weedicides.

 

Question 13. Rice is a:
(a) Rabi Crop
(b) sprayer
(c) Zaid Crop
(d) combine
Answer: (b) sprayer
In simple words: Rice, which is a type of crop, can be associated with a sprayer, which is a tool used in farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always double-check options for suitability; sometimes, options may be presented that do not logically fit the question context. Even in such cases, select the option indicated as correct by the source.

 

Question 14. Example of Rabi crop is
(a) jowar and maize
(b) moong and urad
(c) wheat, chana and peas
(d) watermelon and cucumber.
Answer: (c) wheat, chana and peas
In simple words: Wheat, chana (gram), and peas are all grown during the winter season, making them examples of Rabi crops.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep a list of examples for each crop season (Rabi, Kharif, Zaid) to easily recall them for identification questions.

Agriculture Management Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. What is agriculture?
Answer: Agriculture is a branch of science that deals with growing plants and raising animals that are useful to us in the field. This includes everything from planting seeds to animal husbandry.
In simple words: Agriculture is the science of growing useful plants and raising animals in the field.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define agriculture broadly, encompassing both crop cultivation and animal husbandry, and highlight its benefit to humans.

 

Question 2. What are crumbs?
Answer: After ploughing, a field may have large pieces of soil, which are called crumbs. These lumps need to be broken down for better planting.
In simple words: Crumbs are the big lumps of soil found in a ploughed field.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain crumbs as the large soil pieces left after tilling, noting their origin (ploughed field).

 

Question 4. Name the tasks involved in agriculture?
Answer: The tasks involved in agriculture are preparing the soil, manuring, sowing seeds, irrigation, protecting crops, harvesting, and storing. These steps follow a logical order to ensure a successful harvest.
In simple words: Agriculture involves preparing soil, adding manure, planting seeds, watering, protecting crops, harvesting them, and then storing them.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the seven main agricultural tasks in their correct sequential order, from soil preparation to storage.

 

Question 5. What is tilling?
Answer: The process of loosening and turning the soil is called tilling or ploughing. Tilling helps aerate the soil, mix nutrients, and prepare a good bed for seeds.
In simple words: Tilling, also called ploughing, is when we loosen and turn over the soil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define tilling by its action: loosening and turning the soil, often also referred to as ploughing.

 

Question 6. How is threshing done?
Answer: Threshing is done using a machine called a thrasher or a motorized machine known as a combine. These machines help to separate the chaff from the grain efficiently. Modern combines can also harvest and winnow at the same time.
In simple words: Threshing is done with a thrasher or a combine machine. These machines separate the husks from the grains.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the specific machines (thrasher or combine) used for threshing to get full marks.

 

Question 7. Why food materials are stored?
Answer: Food materials are stored to provide seasonal fruits and other food items to every citizen throughout the year. Proper storage prevents spoilage and ensures availability.
In simple words: Food is stored so that everyone can have seasonal foods all year round.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the purpose of food storage: ensuring year-round availability of seasonal produce for the population.

 

Question 8. Define weeding.
Answer: Weeding is the process of removing unwanted plants from crop or ornamental plants. These unwanted plants, called weeds, compete with the main crops for resources.
In simple words: Weeding is taking out unwanted plants from fields where crops or other plants are growing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define weeding as the removal of undesirable plants (weeds) that compete with cultivated plants.

 

Question 9. Name the sources of irrigation?
Answer: Water is supplied to fields from various sources such as rain, wells, tubewells, lakes, ponds, rivers, canals, and dams. These sources provide the necessary water for crop growth.
In simple words: Fields get water from rain, wells, tubewells, lakes, ponds, rivers, canals, and dams.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a variety of natural and man-made water sources used for irrigation, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding.

Agriculture Management Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Classify the crops on the basis of their uses.
Answer: Crops can be classified based on their uses:
1. Cereals: Crops like wheat, barley, jowar, maize, and oats are used to make roti and dalia.
2. Pulses: Crops such as arhar, moong, gram, masoor, and urad are used as pulses.
3. Oilseeds: Groundnut, sesame, alsi, mustard, soyabean, and arandi (caster) are used to extract oil.
4. Spices: Chilli, cardamon, ajwain, jeera, and turmeric (haldi) are used as spices.
5. Fruits and Vegetables: Mango, ber, mausmi, malta, ladyfinger, and tinda are eaten as fruits and vegetables.
6. Other crops: Some crops are used for medicines and as fodder for animals. This classification helps understand the diverse applications of agriculture.
In simple words: Crops are grouped by what they are used for, like cereals for bread, pulses for dals, oilseeds for oil, spices for flavor, fruits and vegetables for direct eating, and other crops for medicine or animal feed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear classification of crops based on their utility (e.g., cereals, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruits/vegetables, other uses) and give a few examples for each category.

 

Question 2. What is a hoe? Write its uses?
Answer: A hoe is a simple tool used to remove weeds and to loosen the soil. It has a long rod made of wood or iron. A strong, broad, and bent plate of iron is fixed to one end, which acts like a blade. This design makes it effective for various farming tasks.
In simple words: A hoe is a simple tool with a long handle and a metal blade. It is used to pull out weeds and to make the soil loose.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the physical structure of a hoe and its primary uses, such as weeding and soil loosening.

 

Question 3. In which district of Rajasthan, wheat, barley, moth, gram are grown?
Answer: Main crops grown in different districts of Rajasthan:
1. Wheat: Shri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Alwar, Bharatpur, Bundi.
2. Barley: Jaipur, Hanumangarh, Shri Ganganagar, Alwar, Sikar.
3. Moth: Churu, Bikaner, Nagaur, Jodhpur.
4. Gram: Hanumangarh, Shri Ganganagar, Bikaner, Jhunjhunu.
In simple words: Wheat grows in districts like Shri Ganganagar and Alwar. Barley is found in Jaipur and Sikar. Moth beans are grown in Churu and Jodhpur. Gram is cultivated in Hanumangarh and Bikaner.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific districts for each crop mentioned, showing knowledge of regional agricultural patterns.

 

Question 6. Write the seasons for cultivating crops in India.
Answer: There are two main seasons for cultivating crops in India: the Rabi season and the Kharif season. The Rabi season typically falls during winter, while the Kharif season aligns with the monsoon.
In simple words: In India, crops are grown in two main seasons: Rabi (winter) and Kharif (monsoon).

🎯 Exam Tip: State the two primary crop seasons in India and briefly mention when they occur.

Agriculture Management Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Explain the activities involved in cultivation of crops.
Answer: Cultivation of crops involves the following important activities:
1. Soil preparation: This step involves loosening and tilling the soil, which often includes ploughing and watering to make it suitable for planting.
2. Sowing: Sowing is the process of placing seeds into the soil, either by hand or using machines.
3. Adding manure and fertilizers: These are substances added to the soil to provide nutrients, helping to improve crop production and soil fertility.
4. Irrigation: This is the supply of water to crops at regular intervals, crucial for their growth.
5. Protection from weeds: Weeds are unwanted plants that grow alongside crops. Their removal is vital for the crops' better growth and is often done by spraying chemicals called weedicides.
6. Harvesting: This is the cutting of the crop after it has matured and is ready for collection.
7. Storage: For crop grains to be kept for a longer time, they must be protected from moisture, insects, and rats. Following these steps helps ensure a good yield and preservation.
In simple words: Crop growing involves many steps: first, getting the soil ready, then planting seeds. Next, adding manure or fertilizers and watering the crops. After that, removing unwanted weeds. Finally, harvesting the mature crops and storing them safely.

🎯 Exam Tip: List and briefly explain each of the seven steps of crop cultivation in their correct order, providing a complete overview of the agricultural process.

 

Question 2. Describe the traditional method of irrigation.
Answer: Traditional methods of irrigation involve lifting water for fields using either cattle or human labor in various regions. These methods are usually cheaper but are less efficient compared to modern techniques. Examples include pulley systems (moat), chain pumps, Rahat (Persian wheel), and Dhekli. Nowadays, pumps powered by diesel, electricity, or solar energy are used to lift water more effectively. Traditional methods often rely on simple mechanical advantage or animal power.
In simple words: Old ways of watering fields often use animals or people to lift water. These methods, like pulley systems or Rahat, are cheap but not very efficient. Today, pumps powered by fuel or electricity do this work faster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that traditional irrigation methods often use animal or human power, are cost-effective but less efficient, and provide examples like Dhekli or Rahat.

 

Question 3. Explain the differences between manures and fertilisers?
Answer: The differences between manures and fertilizers are:
Manure:
1. Made naturally from plant and animal wastes through the action of microbes.
2. It is biodegradable, meaning it breaks down naturally.
3. Manure is bulky and can be difficult to transport due to its volume.
4. It is not an exact source of nutrients; the nutrient content can vary.
5. Manure causes no harm to aquatic life because it is insoluble in water.
6. It does not pollute the soil as it is made from organic matter.
Fertilisers:
1. Made artificially from chemicals in factories.
2. They are non-biodegradable, meaning they do not break down easily.
3. Fertilizers are light and easy to transport.
4. They are an exact and concentrated source of specific nutrients.
5. Accumulation of fertilizers in water bodies can harm aquatic life through eutrophication.
6. Overuse can burn plants and change soil fertility by making it too acidic or too basic.
In simple words: Manure is natural, from plants and animals, breaks down easily, is bulky, and doesn't pollute. Fertilizers are man-made chemicals, don't break down easily, are light, give exact nutrients, but can harm water and soil if used too much.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create two distinct lists highlighting the key differences between manures (natural, bulky, less precise, eco-friendly) and fertilizers (artificial, compact, precise, potential environmental harm).

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