RBSE Solutions Class 8 English Chapter 12 The Electronic Brain Computer

Summary Of The Lesson

This chapter teaches us about computers. An expert named Dr. Ashutosh shares basic knowledge about computers. He was asked to open the "Science Club" for students to learn more in this area. Shyam from class X-A was chosen as the club's secretary. Dr. Ashutosh had just returned from America after advanced computer science training. After opening the club, he talked to students and teachers. Many asked questions about computers, and Dr. Ashutosh answered them well. At the end, the school Principal thanked him and asked if computers could ever replace humans. Dr. Ashutosh explained that the human brain is much more complex than any computer. So, there is no risk of computers replacing humans in the near future. This emphasizes the unique capabilities of human thought.

पाठ को सार।

यह पाठ कंप्यूटर के बारे में है। कंप्यूटर के बारे में मूल जानकारी एक विशेषज्ञ डॉ० आशुतोष द्वारा दी जाती है जिन्हें विज्ञान क्लब का उद्घाटन करने के लिए विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य द्वारा आमंत्रित किया जाता है। विज्ञान क्लब का उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों के ज्ञान को बढ़ाना था। कक्षा के श्याम को क्लब का सेक्रेटरी चुना जाता है। डॉ० आशुतोष अमेरिका से उच्च श्रेणी का प्रशिक्षण प्राप्त करके लौटे हैं। विज्ञान क्लब का उद्घाटन करने के बाद डॉ० आशुतोष से विद्यार्थी तथा अध्यापक कंप्यूटर से संबंधित अनेक प्रश्न पूछते हैं जिसके उत्तर वे बहुत अच्छी तरह समझाते हुए देते हैं। अंत में डॉ० आशुतोष को धन्यवाद ज्ञापित करते हुए विद्यालय के प्रधानाचार्य भी एक प्रश्न पूछते हैं कि क्या कंप्यूटर मनुष्य का स्थान भी ले लेगा? इसके जवाब में डॉ० आशुतोष कहते हैं कि इंसानी दिमाग किसी भी कंप्यूटर से अधिक जटिल है, इसलिए भविष्य में ऐसा कोई खतरा नहीं है कि मानव का स्थान कंप्यूटर ले सके। यह बताता है कि मानवीय क्षमताएँ अद्वितीय और अप्रतिस्थापन योग्य हैं।

Difficult Words (कठिन शब्द )

Convey - carry message; सूचित करना।
Certainly - surely; निश्चित।
Device - an instrument to do a job; यंत्र, साधन।
Complicated - Complex, difficult; जटिल।
Computation - calculation of something; परिकलन, संगणना।
Accuracy - exactness; परिशुद्धता।
Gather - collect; एकत्र करना।
Functions - work; कार्य।
Replace - take the place of; प्रतिस्थापना।
Complex - complicated; जटिल, पेचीदा।
Inaugurate - to make a beginning formally; उद्घाटन करना।

Glossary

Inaugurate : to officially open a new building, start an organization with a special ceremony
Cabinet : a piece of furniture with doors, drawers and/or shelves, that is used for storing or showing things.
Complicated : complex; made of many different parts
Computation : an act or the process of calculating something
Replace : take the place of somebody/something

 

Question 1. Ask Mohan to get in touch with Dr. Ashutosh and request him to inaugurate the club on Saturday, if convenient. Here the phrase 'get in touch with' means:
(a) to communicate with somebody especially by writing or telephoning them.
(b) to try to touch somebody if possible.
(c) to know what is happening in a particular area or subject
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) to communicate with somebody especially by writing or telephoning them.
In simple words: "Get in touch with" means to contact someone, usually by calling or writing to them. It's about reaching out to communicate.

🎯 Exam Tip: When dealing with idioms or phrases, always consider their common usage in context rather than literal meanings.

 

Question 2. "It looks like a cabinet.” Here the word “it' stands for
(a) transistor
(b) television
(c) computer
(d) science club
Answer: (c) computer
In simple words: In the story, "it" refers to the computer, which is described as looking like a cabinet. This shows how early computers were often large and boxy.

🎯 Exam Tip: To identify what a pronoun refers to, always look at the sentences immediately preceding it in the passage.

 

Question 3. Computers cannot replace human being because
(a) they are memory machines
(b) they are non-living things
(c) they are given a program by technician
(d) human brain is much more complex.
Answer: (d) human brain is much more complex.
In simple words: Computers cannot replace humans because the human brain is far more complicated and capable than any machine. It has abilities like creativity and emotion that computers lack.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the core reason mentioned in the text for any statement. Here, complexity is the key differentiator.

B. Say whether the following statements are True or False.

 

Question 1. Anyone can operate a computer.
Answer: False.
In simple words: Operating a computer needs some special knowledge and training. Not everyone can just use it without learning first.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that while basic computer use is widespread, specialized operations require specific skills.

 

Question 2. Computers are more complex than our brain.
Answer: False.
In simple words: The human brain is actually much more complex than any computer. It can do many things that computers cannot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always recall the main idea presented in the lesson, which emphasizes the unique complexity of the human mind.

 

Question 3. Computers are very useful to the people in business and industry.
Answer: True.
In simple words: Computers are very helpful in many fields like business and factories. They make work faster and easier for people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about the practical applications of computers in the modern world to confirm their usefulness.

 

Question 4. The scientific papers cannot be translated by computers.
Answer: False.
In simple words: Computers can help translate scientific documents. They have tools that can convert text from one language to another.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the advancements in technology; machine translation is a common function of computers today.

 

Question 5. There are 5 types of computer.
Answer: False.
In simple words: There are actually more than just five types of computers, depending on how you categorize them. The lesson mentions digital and analog.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful with specific numbers like "5 types"; general knowledge suggests a broader range of computer classifications.

 

Question 6. A computer has ten billion parts.
Answer: False.
In simple words: While computers have many parts, saying "ten billion" is an exaggeration and not accurate. They have hundreds of thousands of parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to extreme numbers; usually, such statements are false in a True/False format unless explicitly stated in the text.

 

Question 7. Shyam is the secretary of Science Club.
Answer: True.
In simple words: The lesson states that Shyam from class X-A was chosen as the secretary for the Science Club. This is a direct fact from the story.

🎯 Exam Tip: For character roles and names, rely directly on the information provided in the lesson's summary.

C. Answer the following questions in 10 to 20 words.

 

Question 1. Who invented the first computer?
Answer: The first computer was created by Harman Hollerith. He developed it in 1946 for data processing tasks. This early invention laid the groundwork for modern computing.
In simple words: Harman Hollerith made the first computer in 1946.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key names and dates for historical questions related to inventions.

 

Question 2. When was the first computer invented?
Answer: The first computer was invented in the year 1946. This marked a significant moment in technological history. It was a time of rapid innovation after World War II.
In simple words: The first computer was made in 1946.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always be precise with dates when answering invention-related questions.

 

Question 3. What name was given to the first computer?
Answer: The first computer was named the 'electric tabulating system'. This name described its function of counting and sorting data. It was designed to help with processing information faster.
In simple words: The first computer was called the 'electric tabulating system'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific technical names or terms used to describe early inventions.

 

Question 4. What are the five parts of a computer?

Question 5. Who can multiply faster, a computer or human being?
Answer: A computer can multiply numbers much faster than a human being. Computers are designed to perform calculations at incredibly high speeds. This speed is one of their biggest advantages.
In simple words: A computer can multiply numbers faster than a human.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing capabilities, focus on the strengths of each entity mentioned in the question.

 

Question 6. How can a computer work like a machine?
Answer: A computer works like a machine because it only gives output based on the program it is given. It cannot think or make its own decisions, just like other machines. This makes it a tool that follows instructions precisely.
In simple words: A computer works like a machine because it follows instructions from a program and cannot think on its own.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that computers operate on instructions and lack independent thought to explain their machine-like behavior.

 

Question 7. Why did the Principal thank Dr. Ashutosh?
Answer: The Principal thanked Dr. Ashutosh for two reasons: for inaugurating the Science Club and for answering all the questions asked by the students and teachers. His contributions helped make the event successful and educational. He shared valuable knowledge with everyone.
In simple words: The Principal thanked Dr. Ashutosh for opening the Science Club and answering questions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify all the key actions or contributions mentioned when asked for reasons or acknowledgements.

D. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words.

 

Question 1. What is the difference between digital and analog computers?
Answer: Digital computers work like an electric light, being either on or off, representing information in distinct steps. Analog computers, however, function like a thermometer, where values slide continuously rather than jumping from one number to the next. This continuous measurement allows them to model real-world phenomena.
In simple words: Digital computers are like a light switch (on/off), while analog computers are like a thermometer (smooth changes).

🎯 Exam Tip: Use simple analogies to clearly explain complex technical differences between concepts.

 

Question. What is meant by a program?
Answer: A program is a set of instructions given to a computer. It includes information about all the questions that need to be solved. A user or a trained technician provides these instructions to the computer. These instructions guide the computer's actions.
In simple words: A program is a list of commands that tells a computer what to do.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a program as a sequence of instructions or commands that a computer follows.

Activity - II

A. Give one word for each group of words.

 

Question 1. Computer can do sums with perfect ac .......... (without any error)
Answer: I. accuracy
In simple words: Accuracy means doing things perfectly without any mistakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for the word that describes the key characteristic of the action or description provided.

 

Question 2. Ranjeet's father works in a watch factory. He is a tec ........... (a skilled mechanic)
Answer: II. technician
In simple words: A technician is a skilled worker who repairs and maintains machines, like watches.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the single word that best defines the job role or skill mentioned.

 

Question 3. Pt. Ashok Ameta is an Astrologer. He prepared my horo ........... (the chart of a person's planetary position, used for telling future)
Answer: III. horoscope.
In simple words: A horoscope is a chart of star positions used to guess a person's future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the description to the specific term used in astrology.

B. Write the appropriate from of the words provided in the brackets.

 

Question 1. Dr. Ashutosh has .......... come from America. (recent)
Answer: I. recently
In simple words: We use "recently" to show that something happened not long ago.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider if an adverb is needed to modify the verb "has come" and match the tense.

 

Question 2. Mr Girdhari has undergone a .......... (train)
Answer: II. training
In simple words: "Training" means learning new skills or knowledge for a job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the noun form of the word to complete the sentence correctly in the context of "undergone a..."

 

Question 3. Who did you get this .......... from? (inform)
Answer: III. information
In simple words: "Information" refers to facts or details learned about something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Select the noun form that represents the data or knowledge being asked about.

 

Question 4. He bought a .......... yesterday. (calculate)
Answer: IV. calculator
In simple words: A calculator is a tool used to do math problems quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the object (a noun) that performs the action of calculation.

 

Question 5. Will the climate of cold country .......... you? (suitable)
Answer: V. suit
In simple words: "Suit" means to be right or agreeable for someone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose the verb form of "suitable" that fits the structure "will... you?"

C. Read the following words and try to understand their meanings with the help of dictionary.

 

Question. model - modal
Answer:
model – आदर्श (ideal, pattern)
modal - रूपात्मक (pertaining to form or mode)
see – देखना (to look)
sea – सागर (ocean)
our – हमारा (belonging to us)
hour - घंटा (sixty minutes)
fair – मेला (a gathering for trade or entertainment)
fare – किराया (cost of a journey)
shown – दिखाया (past participle of show)
sell – बेचना (to exchange for money)
shone - चमका (past tense of shine)
cell - कक्ष (a small room or unit)
In simple words: This list shows words that sound alike or are related, along with their meanings in Hindi. It helps to understand how different words are used.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to homophones and similar-sounding words, as their meanings and uses can be very different.

Activity - III

A. Read the following sentence from your text.

I. Who has been elected the secretary of the club?

II. Who was the first computer made by?

III. The first computer was made by Harman Hollerith.

This sentence are said to be used in passive voice. Passive construction is used to make the language more impersonal and formal. The construction of passive affirmative is – object + Aux + past participle + by + doer.

Example:

1. My friend helped me.

I was helped by my friend.

2. Everybody praised Seema for her good performance.

Seema was praised for her good performance.

 

Question 1. Now change the following sentences into passive voice:
I. Children like ice - cream.
II. She learns a few words everyday.
III. Mr Sharma teaches us English.
IV. Anjana broke this beautiful cup.
Answer:
I. Ice-cream is liked by children.
II. A few words are learnt by her everyday.
III. English is taught to us by Mr Sharma.
IV. This beautiful cup was broken by Anjana.
In simple words: To change a sentence to passive voice, make the object of the active sentence the subject, use a form of "to be" and the past participle of the main verb, then add "by" and the original subject. This changes who or what performs the action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to identify the object of the active sentence first, as it becomes the subject in the passive voice. Also, match the tense correctly.

Here are some more sentences for changing into passive voice.

Example: Do people speak English all over the world?

Is English spoken all over the world?

 

Question. I. Does your grandmother read the Ramayana everyday?
II. Has man conquered the space?
III. Did Sushma grow roses in her garden?
IV. Will Hema write a letter to her sister?
V. Were the villagers digging a well?
VI. Can you solve this problem?
Answer:
I. Is the Ramayana read by your grandmother everyday?
II. Has the space been conquered by man?
III. Were roses grown by Sushma in her garden?
IV. Will a letter be written by Hema to her sister?
V. Was a well being dug by villagers?
VI. Can this problem be solved by you?
In simple words: When changing questions to passive voice, keep the question word or helping verb at the beginning. Make sure the new subject (original object) matches the verb tense and form.

🎯 Exam Tip: For interrogative sentences, the auxiliary verb usually comes before the subject in the passive voice construction.

Activity - IV

English is a foreign language and it has its own way of expressing the ideas/concepts. Sometimes individually we know what a word means but in group it is somewhat different. Read the following expression with their meanings provided against each expression. After getting the meaning, use them in your own sentence to bring out the meaning clearly.

I. Get in touch with: to meet, to contact

II. Keep track of (sales trends): keep a record of whether sales are good or bad.

III. Find fault with: to criticize, to find a fault or weakness in something /somebody.

IV. Feel your age : to realise that you are getting old.

Activity-V

 

Question 1. You are the secretary of the Science Club of your school. Write a letter to Mr. Gupta, an eminent scientist of your area, requesting him to inaugurate the science club and to give a talk on computers. You may use the following clues.
Dear sir,
You ____ pleased to __ Science Club__purpose increase the knowledge__developing scientific attitude__request inaugurate__address__speaking on computers__hope, accept,
Your faithfully
Signature (name)
Secretary
Answer:
Dear sir,
You will be pleased to know that a Science Club is being started in our school. The purpose of this club is to increase the knowledge of the students. It will help in developing scientific attitude in students. We kindly request you to inaugurate this club and address the students by speaking on computers. I hope that you will accept our invitation and do the honour.
Thanking you,
Your faithfully
ABC (name)
Secretary
In simple words: This letter formally invites a scientist to open the school's Science Club and give a speech about computers. It explains why the club is important and expresses hope that the scientist will accept.

🎯 Exam Tip: For formal letters, maintain a respectful tone, clearly state the purpose, and include all necessary details like the event, date, and expected action.

The Electronic Brain: Computer Additional Questions For Practice

A. Tick the correct alternative.

 

Question 1. Which club was to be inaugurated?
(a) Art
(b) Maths
(c) Science
(d) Photography
Answer: (c) Science
In simple words: The story mentions that the "Science Club" was the one being officially opened.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always refer back to the text to confirm specific details like names of clubs or organizations.

 

Question 2. Who was elected as the secretary of the club?
(a) Mohan
(b) Shyam
(c) Shalu
(d) Rajesh
Answer: (b) Shyam
In simple words: In the lesson, Shyam from class X-A was chosen to be the secretary of the Science Club.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to character names and their roles as stated in the reading material.

 

Question 3. Who was invited to inaugurate the 'Science Club'?
(a) principal
(b) science teacher
(c) Dr. Ashutosh
(d) Saroj
Answer: (c) Dr. Ashutosh
In simple words: Dr. Ashutosh, the expert, was invited to officially open the Science Club.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between attendees and the specific person invited for the main role of inauguration.

 

Question 4. On which day 'Science Club' was inaugurated?
(a) Saturday
(b) Sunday
(c) Monday
(d) Tuesday
Answer: (a) Saturday
In simple words: The Principal requested Dr. Ashutosh to inaugurate the club on Saturday, if convenient.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for specific details like days or dates mentioned in the story or questions.

B. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

 

Question 1. What does a computer look like?
Answer: A computer looks like a cabinet that is full of wires. This description gives an idea of its internal components and general shape. Early computers were quite bulky.
In simple words: A computer looks like a cabinet filled with many wires.

🎯 Exam Tip: Answer directly based on the description provided in the text without adding outside information.

 

Question 2. What are the different types of computer?
Answer: The main types of computers are digital and analog. These two categories represent different ways of processing information. Digital computers use discrete values, while analog computers use continuous values.
In simple words: Computers are mainly digital and analog types.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for types, list the primary classifications mentioned in the lesson.

 

Question 3. How many main parts are there in a computer?

 

Question 4. साधारण संगणना में एक कंप्यूटर कितना समय लेता है?
Answer: A computer takes very little time to do simple calculations. It performs computations at high speed, making it efficient for such tasks. This speed is one of its key advantages.
In simple words: एक कंप्यूटर साधारण गणना करने में बहुत कम समय लेता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the efficiency and speed of computers, especially for basic arithmetic tasks.

C. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words.

 

Question 1. Can a computer function like a human being?
Answer: Yes, at times a computer can perform many human-like tasks, such as reading letters, translating scientific papers, playing chess, creating music, writing plays, and even designing other computers. However, it cannot think or feel like a human. It simply processes information based on programs.
In simple words: कंप्यूटर कुछ मानवीय कार्य कर सकता है, जैसे पढ़ना और अनुवाद करना, पर यह इंसानों की तरह सोच या महसूस नहीं कर सकता।

🎯 Exam Tip: Acknowledge a computer's capabilities for performing tasks but highlight its limitations in genuine human attributes like thought and emotion.

 

Question 2. Can human being be replaced by computers?
Answer: No, human beings cannot be replaced by computers. The human brain has over 10 billion cells, making it far more complex than any computer, which only has a few hundred thousand parts. This complexity allows humans to think, reason, and create in ways computers cannot.
In simple words: मानव मस्तिष्क बहुत जटिल है, इसलिए कंप्यूटर इंसानों की जगह कभी नहीं ले सकते।

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the unmatched complexity and unique abilities of the human brain as the reason why computers cannot replace humans.

D. Answer the following question in 50 to 60 words.

 

Question 1. What is a computer?
Answer: A computer is an electronic device that stores and processes information. It works by taking data, analyzing it, and then producing the required information. Essentially, it is a high-power 'memory' machine capable of performing complex operations very quickly. Computers are essential tools for many tasks in the modern world.
In simple words: कंप्यूटर एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक मशीन है जो जानकारी को स्टोर करती, प्रोसेस करती और हमें जरूरी जानकारी देती है। यह एक तेज दिमाग वाली मशीन है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Define a computer by its core functions: electronic device, storage, analysis, and information production.

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