RBSE Solutions Class 5 English Vocabulary Word Formation

Prefix (उपसर्ग)

A prefix is added at the beginning of a root word. In your textbook, 'im' and 'mis' are explained as prefixes. These prefixes change the meaning of the root word to its opposite or negative. For example:

• 1. pure (शुद्ध) - impure (अशुद्ध)
• 2. precise (उपयुक्त) - imprecise (अनुपयुक्त)
• 3. guide (मार्गदर्शन करना) - misguide (गलत मार्ग - दर्शन करना)

Suffix (प्रत्यय)

A suffix is added at the end of a root word. Suffixes help to create nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. Your textbook explains 'ly' and 'ful' as suffixes. These are typically used to make adjectives from nouns and adverbs from adjectives. For example:

• 1. great (adj.) (महान्) - greatly (adv.)
• 2. wise (adj.) (बुद्धिमान) - wisely (adv.)
• 3. success (noun) - successful (adj.)
• 4. beauty (noun) - beautiful (adj.)

Uses of 'im-'

Nouns (संज्ञाओं) के आरंभ में 'im-' को जोड़कर नया शब्द बनाना

• 1. im + balance = imbalance (असंतुलन)
• 2. im + morality = immorality (अनैतिकता)
• 3. im + patience = impatience (अधैर्य)
• 4. im + maturity = immaturity (अपरिपक्वता)

Adverbs (क्रियाविशेषणों) के आरंभ में 'im-' को जोड़कर नया शब्द बनाना

• 1. im + moderately = immoderately (कठोरता से)
• 2. im + partially = impartially (निष्पक्षता से)
• 3. im + patiently = impatiently (अधीरता से)
• 4. im + politely = impolitely (अशिष्टता से)
• 5. im + personally = impersonally (अवैयक्तिक रूप से)
• 6. im + properly = improperly (अनुचित रूप से)

Adjectives (विशेषणों) के आरंभ में 'im-' को जोड़कर नया शब्द बनाना

• 1. im + material = immaterial (अद्रव्यात्मक)
• 2. im + measurable = immeasurable (अमापनीय)
• 8. im + practical = impractical (अव्यावहारिक)
• 9. im + pure = impure (अशुद्ध)
• 10. im + precise = imprecise (अनुपयुक्त)

Uses of 'mis-'

आरंभ में 'mis-' जोड़कर नया शब्द बनाना

• 1. mis + behave = misbehave (दुर्व्यवहार करना)
• 2. mis + calculate = miscalculate (गणना में भूल करना)
• 3. mis + conduct = misconduct (अनुचित आचरण)
• 4. mis + fit = misfit (अनुपयुक्त)
• 5. mis + fortune = misfortune (दुर्भाग्य)
• 6. mis + guide = misguide (पथभ्रष्ट करना)
• 7. mis + judge = misjudge (गलत अनुमान लगाना)
• 8. mis + lead = mislead (गुमराह करना)
• 9. mis + manage = mismanage (कुप्रबंध)
• 10. mis + read = misread (कुछ का कुछ समझना)
• 11. mis + represent = misrepresent (गलत प्रस्तुति देना)
• 12. mis + spell = misspell (अशुद्ध वर्तनी करना)
• 13. mis + trust = mistrust (अविश्वासी)
• 14. mis + use = misuse (दुरुपयोग करना)

Uses of '-ly'

Adjective (विशेषण) के अंत में '-ly' जोड़कर Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) बनाना

• 1. bold + ly = boldly (साहस के साथ)
• 2. easy + ly = easily (सरलता से)
• 3. careful + ly = carefully (सावधानी से)
• 4. bright + ly = brightly (चमकीले ढंग से)
• 5. loving + ly = lovingly (स्नेहशीलता से)
• 6. brave + ly = bravely (बहादुरी से)
• 7. courageous + ly = courageously (साहस से)

Note: When adding '-ly' to words ending in 'y' that have two syllables, change 'y' to 'i'. Keep this in mind for future cases.

Noun (संज्ञा) के अंत में '-ly' जोड़कर Adjective (विशेषण) बनाना

• 1. friend + ly = friendly (मित्रवत्)

Uses of '-ful'

Noun (संज्ञा) के अंत में '-ful' जोड़कर Adjective (विशेषण) बनाना

• 1. use + ful = useful (उपयोगी)
• 2. faith + ful = faithful (आस्थावान)
• 3. duty + ful = dutiful (कर्तव्यनिष्ठ)
• 4. hope + ful = hopeful (आशापूर्ण)
• 5. peace + ful = peaceful (शान्तिपूर्ण)
• 6. fright + ful = frightful (भयानक)
• 7. care + ful = careful (सावधानी का)
• 8. dread + ful = dreadful (भयानक)
• 9. joy + ful = joyful (खुश)

Questions

Exercise: 1

(Based on the Textbook)

Fill in the blanks below by adding '-ly' or '-ful' to the words provided in brackets.

Question 1. Sit ....... on a mat and close your eyes. (calm)

Question 2. Hold your breath for 5 to 10 seconds or only as long as you ....... can. (comfortable)

Question 3. A group of rats lived ....... in a forest. (happy)

Question 4. The rats ....... started biting the ropes with their sharp teeth. (quick)

Question 5. At first be quiet and listen to me ....... (patient)

Question 6. If we are ....... we shall be praised. (duty)

Question 7. Bharat will be ....... if we are careful. (beauty)

Question 8. Hanuman's get up attracts everyone ....... the children. (especial)

Question 9. One day a ....... boy named Pankaj, found the lamp

Question 10. All these things are very ....... for our health. (harm)

Exercise: 2

Make new words by adding the prefix 'mis' or 'im' as needed.

Question 1. guide

Question 2. fit

Question 3. pure

Question 4. conduct

Question 5. possible

Question 6. fortune

Question 7. lead

Question 8. behave

Question 9. judge

Question 10. perfect

Answers

Exercise: 1

Answer:
1. calmly
2. comfortably
3. happily
4. quickly
5. patiently
6. dutiful
7. beautiful
8. especially
9. lonely
10. harmful
In simple words: The words in brackets are changed by adding '-ly' or '-ful' to complete each sentence correctly. This forms adverbs or adjectives depending on the sentence needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the part of speech required in the blank (adverb or adjective) to correctly apply the suffix.

Exercise: 2

Answer:
1. misguide
2. misfit
3. impure
4. misconduct
5. impossible
6. misfortune
7. mislead
8. misbehave
9. misjudge
10. imperfect
In simple words: We added either 'mis-' or 'im-' to the beginning of each word to make a new word. These prefixes often create a negative or opposite meaning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'mis-' is usually used with verbs and some nouns, while 'im-' is commonly used with adjectives and words starting with 'p' or 'm'.