RBSE Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Terrorism, Criminalization of Politics and Corruption

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Text book Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. The starting point of corruption is considered as a charity provided by industrial and business houses. They give charity to:
(a) Religious institutions
(b) Political parties
(c) Workers Unions
(d) Employees Unions
Answer: (b) Political parties
In simple words: Industrial and business companies give money to political parties, which is how corruption often starts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the core reason behind corruption mentioned in the question.

Question 3. At present, what is the danger for world peace?
(a) Gandhism
(b) Marxism
(c) Fabianism
(d) Terrorism
Answer: (d) Terrorism
In simple words: Terrorism is what threatens world peace today.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the global issues that pose significant threats to peace and stability.

Question 4. Which one is not an aim of Islamic terrorism?
(a) To establish Muslim countries in the world.
(b) To oppose violently the west and non-Muslim countries.
(c) To establish peace in the world
(d) To introduce Islamic rules and principles in the world.
Answer: (c) To establish peace in the world
In simple words: Making peace is not a goal of Islamic terrorism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core objectives and ideologies attributed to various forms of terrorism to differentiate between them.

Question 5. Which one of the following countries gives shelter to terrorism?
(a) Philippines
(b) Indonesia
(c) Pakistan
(d) Cambodia
Answer: (c) Pakistan
In simple words: Pakistan is a country that has been known to shelter terrorists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific examples of countries linked to supporting or harboring terrorist activities as often discussed in political science.

Question 7. Which one of the following states is highly affected by terrorism?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Jammu & Kashmir
(c) Sikkim
(d) Goa
Answer: (b) Jammu & Kashmir
In simple words: Jammu & Kashmir in India has been greatly impacted by terrorism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Indian states that have historically faced high levels of terrorist insurgency.

Question 8. Why was demonetization introduced?
(a) To check the excess flow of currency.
(b) To dig out black money
(c) To check the circulation of torn and dirty notes.
(d) It's a regular process.
Answer: (b) To dig out black money
In simple words: Demonetization happened to find and remove illegal black money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the key objectives officially stated for major economic policies like demonetization.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What kind of tendency is terrorism basically?
Answer: At its core, terrorism is a destructive tendency. It aims to cause harm and ruin.
In simple words: Terrorism is basically a destructive way of acting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define terrorism by its fundamental characteristic, which is its destructive nature.

Question 2. Write two reasons of terrorism?
Answer: One reason for terrorism is the improper use of political parties and electoral processes. This can lead to extremist groups gaining influence.
In simple words: One cause is when political parties and elections are used wrongly.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for reasons, list distinct factors that contribute to the issue.

Question 4. On which basis terrorism gets support?
Answer: Terrorism receives support when foreign forces instigate young people, fostering fanaticism and encouraging them to oppose joining the national mainstream.
In simple words: Terrorism gets help from outside influences that make young people fanatical and against their own country's mainstream.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note external factors, such as foreign interference and ideological manipulation, as key sources of support for terrorism.

Question 5. In which Indian state is terrorism highly active?
Answer: Terrorism is very active in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
In simple words: Jammu and Kashmir is where terrorism is most active in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific regions within a country that are most affected by particular issues like terrorism.

Question 6. Which scholar said that ‘Violence is the beginning, result and end of terrorism"?
Answer: The scholar David Fromkin stated that violence is the beginning, result, and end of terrorism.
In simple words: David Fromkin said that terrorism starts with, uses, and ends in violence.

🎯 Exam Tip: When quoting scholars, ensure accurate attribution and exact phrasing.

Question 7. Name five Indian states highly affected by terrorism.
Answer: Five Indian states significantly affected by terrorism are Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Tripura, and Manipur.
In simple words: The five Indian states with a lot of terrorism are Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Tripura, and Manipur.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific geographic regions when asked for examples of affected areas.

Question 8. Name two causes of political criminalisation.
Answer: Two causes of political criminalization are a materialistic tendency, where people prioritize personal gain, and a lack of national feeling, which weakens commitment to the country's welfare.
In simple words: Political criminalization happens because people are greedy and don't feel a strong connection to their nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing causes, clearly articulate distinct factors that contribute to the problem.

Question 10. What is the basic source of corruption?
Answer: The primary source of corruption is the financial contributions, often called 'charity', given by industrial houses, businessmen, and various industrial institutions to political parties.
In simple words: Corruption mainly starts when businesses and rich people give money to political parties.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the root causes of societal problems, such as the financial links between business and politics for corruption.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write down the psychological elements of terrorism.
Answer: Terrorism is essentially a psychological attack designed to achieve specific mental effects. The psychological aspects of terrorism can be understood through these points:
1. Intimidation: Its purpose is to scare people. This is a very active psychological method where terrorist groups spread widespread fear and terror among the population.
2. Instigating Tendency: Terrorist groups provoke emotions and religious extremism among people, creating divisions within society.
3. Promotion by Acts: Across society, terrorist groups engage in violent actions to further their agenda. Examples include causing religious riots, killing many people with bomb blasts, and using these methods to spread terror throughout the community.
In simple words: Terrorism is about scaring people to get what they want. It uses fear, makes people angry or religious extremists, and carries out violent acts like bombings to spread terror.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining complex concepts like terrorism, break down the psychological tactics into clear, distinct points with examples.

Question 2. What are the main targets of terrorist action?
Answer: Mainly, there is one target visible behind terrorist action:
1. Creating public fear and alienation: Terrorist groups aim to threaten people and spread terror. By doing this, they try to influence the public and make them feel separated from society.
In simple words: Terrorists mainly aim to scare people and make them feel apart from their community.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the immediate and psychological impacts that terrorist actions are designed to achieve.

Question 3. What bad results occur from high media coverage of a terrorist incident? Discuss.
Answer: High media coverage of terrorist incidents can lead to several negative outcomes:
1. Helps form terrorist groups: Media attention can encourage more individuals to join or form terrorist groups, which in turn supports terrorist activities in many regions.
2. Provides new information to terrorists: Terrorist groups can learn about new security tactics and strategies through media reports. They then use this knowledge to plan and carry out future attacks more effectively.
3. Creates an opposing effect: Extensive media coverage can unintentionally work against the government's efforts and operational methods.
4. Gains publicity for terrorists: Terrorists often achieve broad publicity for their causes, whether religious or communal, through media coverage, which helps spread their message.
In simple words: Too much media news about terrorism can help terrorists by inspiring new groups, teaching them new tricks, making government work harder, and giving them free publicity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the dual nature of media coverage in sensitive situations, highlighting both its informational role and potential negative impacts.

Question 4. Write a short note on the forms of terrorism in India?
Answer: Terrorism in India takes several forms:
1. Methods of fear and violence: All terrorist groups in India use different ways to create fear and violence to achieve their goals.
2. Separatist terrorism: In regions like Punjab, Jammu, and Kashmir, terrorism is linked to movements seeking separation.
3. Religious extremism: Terrorists in India use cruel methods in the name of religion, often to force people to change their beliefs.
4. Foreign support: Apart from local terrorist groups, foreign-trained terrorists also operate in India, often with support from countries like Pakistan.
5. Criminal and foreign involvement: Criminals, smugglers, and other foreign agencies also carry out destructive acts within India.
In simple words: Terrorism in India involves using fear and violence for goals, like separatism in Kashmir and Punjab, using religion to force changes, and getting support from foreign countries like Pakistan, often with help from criminals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the different manifestations of terrorism by their objectives, methods, and external links specific to the Indian context.

Question 6. What is corruption?
Answer: Corruption is when a person or organization improperly provides advantages by ignoring the law, gaining wealth and facilities while harming public interests. Many corruption cases involve things like purchases, grants, construction, debts, appointments, and transfers. When someone breaks judicial rules and uses dishonest methods to fulfill their own desires, they are considered 'corrupted.' This is how businesses and industries try to get unfair benefits, leading to the start of corruption.
In simple words: Corruption is when someone uses their power to get rich or gain benefits illegally, by breaking rules and harming others. This often happens in deals, jobs, and transfers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear, concise definition of corruption and illustrate its common forms to show comprehensive understanding.

Question 7. Describe the meaning of political criminalisation.
Answer: Political criminalization is a trend where individuals with criminal backgrounds directly or indirectly influence the political process. Politicians use the help of criminals to enter politics, gain power, and stay in power. In India, politics often becomes a profitable business, which further encourages political criminalization. This trend has made Indian democracy lose its direction, as the strong influence of money and power from criminals corrupts the entire electoral system, making election politics criminalized.
In simple words: Political criminalization is when people with criminal pasts get involved in politics, helping politicians win and stay in power. In India, this has turned politics into a business, ruining democracy by letting criminals influence elections.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define political criminalization by its direct impact on the political process and provide specific examples within the Indian context to strengthen your answer.

Question 8. What measures should be taken against political criminalisation?
Answer: To counter political criminalization, the following measures can be taken:
1. Ban on criminal candidates: Individuals with criminal backgrounds should be swiftly prevented by court decisions from running in elections.
2. Penalize parties supporting criminals: Political parties that give election tickets to criminals should be fined.
3. Constitutional oversight: The constitution needs to maintain a legal framework to monitor how political parties operate.
4. Promote internal democracy: Political parties should strive to develop internal democracy and be more accountable.
5. Legal amendments: Laws must be amended to specifically prohibit individuals with criminal records from participating in elections.
6. Fast-track courts: Special fast-track courts should be established to quickly resolve cases involving criminal activities in politics.
In simple words: To stop politics from becoming criminal, we should ban criminals from elections, fine parties that support them, use laws to check parties, make parties more democratic, change laws to prevent criminals from running, and use fast courts to handle political criminal cases quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: When suggesting solutions to systemic problems, provide clear, actionable steps that address different aspects of the issue, from legal reforms to party governance.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write a note on the problem of terrorism?
Answer: The word "terrorism" comes from the Latin word 'Terror,' meaning great fear or panic. Generally, any method used to create fear is called terrorism. It often receives support based on religious, ethnic, regional, and social reasons. In modern times, fear is a main tool for authoritarian rule. The main aim of terrorism is to seize power by overthrowing existing governments or legal systems. Terrorism is considered the world's most dangerous psychological warfare tactic. After the Cold War, terrorism grew into a major global threat, with new trends raising concerns about the use of atomic, biological, and chemical weapons, posing a risk of mass destruction.
Terrorists strategically create fear among the public, aiming to gain concessions from the government and have their demands met. In India's history, terror has repeatedly been used to gain power. Examples of terrorism in the last two decades of the previous century include Sikh terrorism, Islamic terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, and terrorism in various North-Eastern states.
In Jammu and Kashmir, along with local groups, foreign terrorists trained in Pakistan are also active. However, most terrorist groups in the 20th and 21st centuries have not achieved their goals. Terrorist efforts in Punjab and Kashmir have largely failed, with security forces forcing these groups to submit. Politically, groups like ISIS, Boko Haram, and the Taliban have also been unsuccessful.
In simple words: Terrorism means using fear to get power, often for religious or ethnic reasons. It's a dangerous way to fight, and after the Cold War, it grew, with fears of new weapons. Terrorists plan to scare people to make governments give in. In India, groups like Sikh and Islamic terrorists in Kashmir and the North East have used terror, but many have failed, even with foreign help from Pakistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define terrorism by its origin and objectives. Discuss its evolving nature, historical context in India, and the various factors contributing to its prevalence and challenges.

Question 2. How is Indian politics influenced by criminalisation? Discuss.
Answer: Indian politics is affected by criminalization in many ways:
1. Increased self-interest: This trend leads to politicians prioritizing their own interests over national interests, often using dishonest methods to achieve their goals.
2. Criminal assistance for entry: Some individuals rely on criminals to help them enter politics, seeking access to power.
3. Support for power misuse: Certain Indian political leaders get help from criminals to misuse their authority and maintain their positions.
4. Politics as a business: Leaders start seeing politics as a way to make money, which further encourages criminalization.
5. Achieving dominance: Some politicians use criminalization to gain control or dominance over people or specific regions.
6. Rise of party politics: Indian politics today is increasingly focused on party interests, influenced by the process of criminalization.
An analysis of the 16th Lok Sabha shows that 34% of its members had criminal backgrounds, with cases registered against them. This growing number is a worrying sign for India's democracy. The increasing involvement of criminals in Indian politics highlights an alarming trend of criminalization. Even national political parties use criminals to win elections. These criminals then join parties, win elections, become ministers, and help shape the country's policies, showing how deeply Indian politics is affected by criminalization.
In simple words: Criminals affect Indian politics in many ways: politicians become selfish, criminals help people get into power and misuse it, politics turns into a money-making business, leaders use criminals to control regions, and parties become focused only on winning. Many politicians even have criminal records, which is bad for democracy, as parties use them to win and these criminals then make laws.

🎯 Exam Tip: Discuss the various dimensions of how criminalization corrupts the political system, from individual politicians to national parties, and include statistical data if available to support your points.

Question 3. "Corruption is like termite which destroys the roots of a nation". Suggest the perspective and ways to prevent it
Answer: Corruption is when a person or organization improperly provides advantages by ignoring the law, gaining wealth and facilities while harming public interests. It is indeed like termites eating away at a nation's foundations, affecting all social classes and hindering national development by wasting resources.
Measures to check corruption:
1. Establish Lokpal: Create a strong Lokpal institution to take action against corrupt government officials and politicians.
2. Audit banks and PSUs: Regularly inspect and control corruption in banks and public sector undertakings.
3. Swift investigation and seizure: Promptly investigate corruption complaints against public servants, leading to arrests and seizure of illegal property if they are found guilty.
4. Inform the public: Keep the general public informed about government policies, their responses, and related activities to increase transparency.
5. Fast legal punishment: Ensure that corrupt individuals are quickly punished through legal processes.
6. Scrutinize political donations: Carefully examine the financial contributions (charity) that political parties receive.
7. Demonetization: Implement policies like demonetization to bring out black money from the economy.
In simple words: Corruption is like a termite that destroys a country by letting people gain unfairly while breaking laws. To stop it, we need a strong Lokpal, check banks for corruption, quickly investigate and punish corrupt officials, tell the public about government actions, punish corrupt people fast, check money given to political parties, and use measures like demonetization to reveal black money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define corruption and explain why it's harmful. Then, provide a comprehensive list of preventive measures, covering institutional, legal, and economic aspects.

Question 4. Reviewing the current scenario of political criminalisation in India, describe its causes and prevention measures.
Answer: Current Scenario and Causes of Political Criminalization in India:
In India, the view of politics as a profitable business often leads to political criminalization. Party politics is prone to criminalization because elections offer a path to power. Currently, the rising number of criminals in Indian politics shows that all parties, when choosing candidates, often do so non-democratically. Instead of good people, they nominate those with power and wealth, who have a higher chance of winning.
Other causes include:
4. Lack of good leadership: Not enough honest and fair leaders.
5. Weak law enforcement: Laws are not put into practice effectively.
6. Police-politician-officer ties: A strong connection between police, politicians, and government officials.
7. Materialistic mindset: A focus on getting rich and seeking luxuries.
8. Poverty and joblessness: High levels of poverty and unemployment.
9. Public acceptance: People sometimes accept leaders with criminal pasts.
10. Flaws in elections: Problems within the electoral system itself.

Prevention Measures:
1. Transparent Election Commission: Make the Election Commission's work clear and open.
2. Introduce NOTA: Add options like NOTA (None Of The Above) so people can reject candidates, ensuring those with criminal backgrounds don't win by default.
3. Strict laws: Make laws tougher and enforce them properly.
4. Avoid criminal candidates: Do not select people with criminal backgrounds to run in elections.
5. Fast-track courts: Set up special courts to quickly deal with election-related criminal cases.
6. Effective online elections: Manage elections efficiently using online methods.
7. Penalize parties: Fine and punish political parties that give tickets to criminals.
8. Address social issues: Systematically tackle poverty, illiteracy, and unemployment.
9. Reject criminal backgrounds: Avoid selecting individuals with criminal backgrounds.
10. Improve electoral system: Remove flaws in the electoral system.
11. Improve government quality: Fix issues related to the quality and ability of government workers.
In simple words: In India, politics often becomes criminal because it's seen as a way to get rich, and parties choose rich or powerful criminals to win elections. Other reasons include bad leaders, weak laws, corrupt ties between officials, greed, poverty, public acceptance of criminals, and flaws in elections. To stop this, we need an open election commission, NOTA, strict laws, no criminal candidates, fast courts, online elections, fines for parties that support criminals, efforts to reduce poverty, and improvements to the government and election system.

🎯 Exam Tip: When addressing both causes and solutions, ensure a balanced discussion. For causes, analyze socio-political factors. For solutions, offer concrete policy and administrative recommendations.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 2. The word 'Terror' has been derived from which language?
(a) Greek
(b) Latin
(c) Spanish
(d) Portuegese
Answer: (b) Latin
In simple words: The word 'Terror' comes from Latin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the etymology of key terms, as their origin often provides insight into their meaning.

Question 3. Aim of the use of terror:
(a) To create fear
(b) To maintain peace
(c) To establish justice
(d) All of the options
Answer: (a) To create fear
In simple words: Terror is used to make people scared.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the primary psychological objective of terrorism is to instill fear.

Question 4. Terrorism gets support on:
(a) Religious basis
(b) Caste basis
(c) Racial basis
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: Terrorism gets support from religious, caste, and racial groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the multi-faceted nature of terrorism, often drawing support from various societal divisions and ideologies.

Question 5. Main aim of terrorism is:
(a) To establish terror
(b) To establish peace
(c) To establish social justice
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) To establish terror
In simple words: The main goal of terrorism is to create terror.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the ultimate political goals of terrorism and its immediate operational aim, which is usually to create terror.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What causes greater loss to world peace?
Answer: Terrorism is the factor that causes the most significant harm to world peace.
In simple words: Terrorism is what hurts world peace the most.

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly answer the question with the most relevant and commonly accepted cause.

Question 2. On what basis is terrorism alive in present world?
Answer: In the present world, terrorism continues to exist and thrive largely due to religious and caste-based divisions and conflicts.
In simple words: Terrorism still exists today because of religious and caste issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the underlying social and ideological factors that sustain terrorism in contemporary times.

Question 3. What is the most serious problem of the world?
Answer: The most serious problem currently facing the world is Islamic terrorism.
In simple words: Islamic terrorism is the world's most serious problem.

🎯 Exam Tip: State clearly the specific form of terrorism that is widely recognized as a major global challenge.

Question 4. What is terrorism?
Answer: Terrorism is defined as the act of a person or group using widespread violence to achieve their unjust demands and goals through negative means.
In simple words: Terrorism is when people or groups use a lot of violence to get what they want in a bad way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a concise and accurate definition of terrorism, highlighting its key elements: unfair demands, extensive violence, and negative objectives.

Question 5. After which war the terrorism has become a great problem?
Answer: Terrorism became a much more complex and significant problem after the Cold War concluded.
In simple words: After the Cold War ended, terrorism became a big and tricky problem.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the rise of modern terrorism to specific geopolitical shifts, such as the end of the Cold War.

Question 7. After the incident of 9/11 which country attacked Iraq and Afghanistan by declaring it an action against terrorism?
Answer: Following the 9/11 incident, the U.S.A. attacked Iraq and Afghanistan, stating that these actions were part of their fight against terrorism.
In simple words: After 9/11, the U.S.A. attacked Iraq and Afghanistan, calling it a fight against terrorism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall key historical events and the major international responses to them, especially regarding counter-terrorism efforts.

Question 8. Name any two terrorist organisations.
Answer: Two prominent terrorist organizations are the Taliban and Al-Qaida.
In simple words: Two terrorist groups are the Taliban and Al-Qaida.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to name well-known terrorist organizations as examples.

Question 9. Name two characteristics of terrorism.
Answer: Two characteristics of terrorism are:
1. Ruthless murder: Terrorists commit murders without mercy.
2. Forced money collection: They obtain money by force and coercion.
In simple words: Terrorism is about killing people without mercy and taking money by force.

🎯 Exam Tip: List distinguishing features of terrorist activities, focusing on their violent methods and funding strategies.

Question 10. In the year 2014, in which country did the terrorists kill 132 children in a school?
Answer: In 2014, terrorists killed 132 children in a school in Pakistan. This tragic event was a severe act of terrorism.
In simple words: Terrorists killed 132 children in a Pakistan school in 2014.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific significant terrorist incidents and their locations as historical examples.

Question 11. Name two Indian states influenced by terrorism and Naxalism?
Answer: One Indian state influenced by terrorism and Naxalism is Jammu and Kashmir.
In simple words: Jammu and Kashmir is an Indian state affected by terrorism and Naxalism.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise in naming affected regions and specific threats they face. If asked for multiple items and only one is provided, list the one provided accurately.

Question 13. Name any two psychological elements of terrorism?
Answer: Two psychological elements of terrorism are: 1. To incite violence. 2. To create strife (conflict or disagreement).
In simple words: Terrorism often aims to make people violent and cause arguments or fights between groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for "psychological elements," think about the mental impact or emotional goals terrorists aim to achieve, such as fear or division.

Question 14. What are the intentions behind terrorist activity?
Answer: The main intentions behind terrorist activity are: 1. To attract media attention through violent acts. 2. To create an atmosphere filled with fear among the public.
In simple words: Terrorists want to get media attention by using violence. They also want to make everyone feel very scared.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on both the immediate visible actions (like violence) and the deeper, psychological goals (like fear and publicity) when describing terrorist intentions.

Question 15. Write down two negative aspects of excessive media coverage of terrorist activities?
Answer: Two negative aspects of excessive media coverage of terrorist activities are: 1. It can negatively affect how well the government machinery works. 2. It can encourage the formation of new terrorist groups, giving them ideas or inspiration.
In simple words: Too much media coverage can make the government work less effectively. It can also inspire more people to form new terrorist groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think about how media coverage, while informing, can also unintentionally give terrorists a platform or unintended consequences for public administration.

Question 16. Which scholar said that "Terrorism declined on world level. Stage is covered with blood and the character is dead."
Answer: The scholar who said this was Former Soviet Union scholar Yuri Triffonav.
In simple words: The scholar Yuri Triffonav from the former Soviet Union said that terrorism has gone down globally, leaving behind a trail of violence and lost values.

🎯 Exam Tip: For quote-based questions, accurately recall the name of the individual or group attributed to the statement.

Question 19. What is the function of Anti-Corruption Bureau's Officer?
Answer: An Anti-Corruption Bureau officer's job is to quickly act on complaints against employees or officers. They ensure that immediate action is taken, culprits are arrested in the act, and appropriate punishment is given.
In simple words: An Anti-Corruption Bureau officer's job is to quickly act on complaints against employees or officers. They catch them in the act and ensure they are punished.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the three key aspects of an ACB officer's role: quick action on complaints, immediate arrests, and ensuring punishment.

Question 20. Which system is introduced to check corruption?
Answer: The Lokpal System and regular auditing processes are introduced to help check and control corruption.
In simple words: The Lokpal system and regular auditing are put in place to help control corruption.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember both the institutional mechanism (Lokpal) and the financial control measure (auditing) when discussing corruption checks.

Question 21. Write down two harmful results of corruption.
Answer: Two harmful results of corruption are: 1. Capable and honest people do not get proper opportunities to succeed. 2. Economic imbalance increases in society, widening the gap between the rich and the poor.
In simple words: Corruption leads to two main problems: skilled and honest people don't get fair chances, and the gap between rich and poor in society grows, causing economic inequality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on both individual-level consequences (loss of opportunity) and broader societal impacts (economic disparity) when discussing results of corruption.

Question 22. Write down any two measures to check corruption?
Answer: Two measures to check corruption are: 1. Corrupt individuals should be punished quickly through fast-track courts. 2. The donations (charity) given to political parties should be closely examined (scrutinized).
In simple words: Two ways to stop corruption are to punish corrupt people quickly through special courts and to closely examine all money donations given to political parties.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize both judicial action (fast courts) and financial transparency (scrutiny of party funds) as crucial anti-corruption measures.

Question 24. Which decision of Indian economy is known as the movement to dean black money?
Answer: The decision known as the movement to clean black money in the Indian economy was Demonetisation on November 8, 2016.
In simple words: The decision to demonetize currency on November 8, 2016, is known as a step taken by the Indian economy to clean up black money.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the specific date and the term "demonetization" when asked about India's move against black money.

Question 25. How did demonetisation help in controlling terrorist activities in India?
Answer: Terrorists used black money to fund their operations across India. Due to demonetization, their illegal money became worthless and went out of circulation, making it very difficult for them to run their activities.
In simple words: Terrorists relied on black money to operate across India. Demonetization made this hidden money useless, making it difficult for them to fund and carry out their activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect demonetization's direct impact on unaccounted cash with its effect on terrorist financing, as such groups often use illicit funds.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe the meaning of terrorism.
Answer: The word 'terrorism' comes from the Latin word 'Terror', which means great fear or panic. Terrorism is defined as a person or group using widespread violence to achieve unfair demands or to put negative pressure on the government. This phenomenon often gains support through religious, caste, and racial beliefs. Modern terrorists use advanced weapons to fight against legal governments and instill fear in society. It is a harmful tendency where anti-social elements commit heinous crimes without conscience. They often commit robbery and murder of common people to achieve their political goals. Therefore, terrorism is: 1. Against the state and society. 2. Illegal. 3. It harms not only opposing groups but also its own community. 4. Its violent activities are never justified. 5. It affects all people in society.
In simple words: Terrorism means using big violence to make people scared and force changes. It's illegal and hurts everyone, often for political or religious reasons.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define terrorism by its origin, methods (violence, pressure), motivations (unfair demands, political aims), and broad societal impact (illegal, harms everyone).

Question 3. Throw light on the aims of terrorism.
Answer: The aims of terrorism are: 1. To gain public support or attention for their cause. 2. To destabilize a country's internal peace and obstruct its development. 3. To demoralize the army and weaken the government's psychological strength. 4. To encourage common criminals to join terrorist activities. 5. To spread violent movements widely. 6. To pressure the government into acting or reacting in a specific way.
In simple words: Terrorists want to scare people, stop national growth, weaken the government, and encourage criminals to join them. They aim to spread violence and force the government to respond in specific ways.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the aims of terrorism, consider both the direct physical impacts (violence, destabilization) and the psychological and political goals (fear, demoralization, pressuring government).

Question 4. Describe the working style of terrorism?
Answer: Terrorists employ various techniques to achieve their objectives: 1. They kill innocent people indiscriminately. 2. They destroy public property through violent means. 3. They launch attacks on police and armed forces. 4. They target specific communities with violence. 5. They actively spread hatred and animosity among different groups. These are some of the harmful activities terrorists do.
In simple words: Terrorists use violence to kill innocent people, destroy property, attack security forces, target specific groups, and spread hate to achieve their aims.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the methods terrorists use, focusing on how these actions spread fear and disruption within society and against state institutions.

Question 5. Write a short note on fanaticism and terrorism?
Answer: The connection between terrorism and religious ideology has been a topic of long-standing debate. It is a complex issue whether terrorism is linked to a specific religion, and it's also incorrect to claim that all followers of a particular religion engage in terrorism. However, the analysis of terrorism carried out by people of specific religions in some countries has become a serious concern and a powerful trend over the last 25-30 years. Terrorist groups often show strong loyalty to a particular community, which is a negative trend harmful to a healthy democratic society. Their actions are characterized by self-sacrifice, inhumane behavior, blackmail, forcible extortion of money, and ruthless murders. Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, for example, falls into a distinct category. A particularly horrific instance of terrorism was the massacre of 132 schoolchildren in Pakistan in 2014.
In simple words: It's debated if terrorism is linked to religion, and it's unfair to generalize. But in recent decades, terrorism by certain religious groups has become a serious issue. Terrorism involves extreme loyalty, inhumane acts, and violence, like the attack on school children in Pakistan, which harms society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the controversial link between fanaticism (especially religious) and terrorism, emphasizing that while some groups use such pretexts, it's not inherent to all followers of a religion, and illustrate with examples like the Pakistan school massacre.

Question 6. "At present, terrorism is a serious challenge for democracy”. As a democracy supporter, suggest two measures to eradicate it?
Answer: Terrorism is indeed a serious challenge to democracy today. To eradicate it, two measures can be suggested: 1. **Preparation of Common Agreement on National Issues:** Terrorism cannot be defeated by force alone. It requires understanding its root causes and strengthening a sense of brotherhood among different social and community groups. National issues should be kept separate from party politics, and a general agreement should be reached to foster unity. 2. **Modernization of Police and Security Forces:** Indian police and security forces currently use outdated weapons while terrorists are equipped with modern ones. To effectively combat terrorism, it is essential to equip our police and armed forces with modern weapons and technology.
In simple words: To tackle terrorism, which is a big threat to democracy, we need two things: first, create national unity by addressing the root causes and keeping national issues out of party politics. Second, give our police and security forces modern weapons and training to match the terrorists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Propose multi-faceted solutions: societal unity through consensus on national issues, and strengthening state capacity via modernized security forces and intelligence.

Question 8. Write the consequences of corruption.
Answer: Corruption has many damaging consequences for society: 1. The quality of public works is poor, and many projects exist only on paper without real-world execution. 2. It violates people's natural rights, which negatively impacts their quality of life. 3. Talented and honest individuals do not get fair opportunities to succeed. 4. Economic inequality increases in society, widening the gap between the rich and the poor. 5. Unemployment rises due to a distorted economic system. 6. Black money accumulation increases, paralyzing the country's economy. 7. High-level corruption makes subordinate employees less effective and demoralized. 8. Public trust in the government decreases, leading to increased dissatisfaction regarding public interest issues.
In simple words: Corruption makes public services poor, harms people's rights, reduces opportunities for honest people, increases the gap between rich and poor, creates more unemployment, boosts black money, and reduces public trust in the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Organize the consequences into categories like public services, individual rights, economic impact, and governance, showing how corruption affects multiple layers of society.

Question 10. What impact did demonetization have on corruption in society?
Answer: Demonetization had several impacts on corruption in society: 1. Fake currency notes, which were circulated in various parts of the national economy, became useless. 2. It curbed the use of black money during elections. 3. Demonetization negatively affected white-collar crimes and the illegal trade carried out by criminals. 4. It stopped many illegal cash transactions. 5. It helped strengthen the national economy. 6. The undeclared wealth of individuals who supported terrorist activities also became useless.
In simple words: Demonetization made fake currency worthless, reduced black money in elections, hurt white-collar criminals, stopped illegal cash deals, boosted the national economy, and made terrorist funding harder.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing demonetization's impact, focus on its intended effects on illicit financial activities, including fake currency, black money in elections, and terror funding.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 26 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 3. Describe the measures to end terrorism.
Answer: To end terrorism, several comprehensive measures can be adopted: * **Making Common Agreement on National Problems:** To effectively combat terrorism, efforts must be made at the political level to build a national consensus. It is essential to identify and address the problem's root causes from the outset, prioritizing public interest and national unity over party politics. * **Arrangement of Quick Punishment for Criminals:** To control crime and restore public faith, criminals must receive swift justice. Expedited punishment for wrongdoers helps deter future offenses and instills a sense of fear in potential criminals. * **Modernization of Police and Security Forces:** Police and security forces need to be modernized. All administrative systems should be improved. Today, various criminal elements like mafia and smugglers are involved in terrorism, so separating the administrative body from such elements is crucial, and security forces must be equipped with modern tools. * **Better Cooperation Between Government and Public:** To control terrorism effectively, robust cooperation between the government and the public is indispensable. Without public support, it is impossible to tackle terrorism. Therefore, the government and the public must work together. * **Arrangement of Powerful Law:** Strong laws should be enacted to ensure that the manufacture of weapons is restricted to the public sector, preventing private production. * **Use of Effective Intelligence Inputs:** It is vital for intelligence agencies to gather comprehensive information about terrorists, their operational methods, and their sources of funding and support.
In simple words: To stop terrorism, we need national agreement, quick punishment for criminals, modern police forces, strong cooperation between the public and government, strict laws on weapons, and good intelligence gathering.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by categorizing measures into political, judicial, security, public cooperation, legal, and intelligence aspects, providing specific actions for each.

Question 4. Describe the effects of corruption on society.
Answer: Corruption has several detrimental effects on society: * **Blocking the Way of Development:** Corruption paralyzes a country's economic development, leading to negative impacts on overall economic growth and progress. * **Rise of Violence:** The problem of corruption often generates violence and unrest in society, as corrupt individuals misuse their power to manipulate laws for personal gain. * **Growth of Black Money:** Through corruption, illicit wealth is accumulated via unfair means, leading to an increase in black money. This phenomenon exacerbates the gap between the rich and the poor. * **Indiscipline in Administration:** Corruption initially affects administrative departments, where selfish individuals engage in corrupt practices, undermining efficiency and integrity. * **Rise of Other Problems:** Corruption fosters divisions based on caste, communalism, and linguistic differences. Highly corrupt individuals incite common people, prioritizing self-interest over national well-being. Other effects include: 1. A decline in human morality and character. 2. The development of nepotism (favoritism towards relatives) in society. 3. Increased hardships for common people in their daily lives. 4. A decrease in public trust in the administrative machinery. 5. Weakening of the government at both central and state levels. 6. An increase in the adulteration of food items and medicines.
In simple words: Corruption slows down development, increases violence and black money, makes administration undisciplined, and creates many social problems. It lowers people's morals, boosts nepotism, makes life hard, reduces trust in government, weakens governance, and leads to fake goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly delineate the impacts of corruption on various societal aspects: economic, moral, administrative, and social, and include specific examples like black money and nepotism.