RBSE Solutions Class 12 English Rainbow Chapter 3 Third Thoughts

RBSE Class 12 English Rainbow Chapter 3 Textual Questions

Activity 1: Comprehension

Question 6. 'Third Thoughts' is a psychological drama of bargaining with the narrator's own soul.
Answer: True. The story explores how the narrator constantly changes his mind about sharing profit, showing an internal struggle between generous and selfish thoughts. This internal debate makes the story a psychological drama, revealing the complexities of human nature.
In simple words: Yes, the story truly is about the narrator arguing with himself inside his mind over what to do with the money.

🎯 Exam Tip: For True/False questions, briefly state why the statement is true or false if there is any ambiguity, showing you understand the context.

B. Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में दीजिए :

Question 1. Who tells the story to the author?
लेखक को कहानी कौन बताता है?

Answer: The narrator in the story is a friend of E. V. Lucas, as the author states in the first sentence: "This story was told to me by a friend.” However, E. V. Lucas, a well-known journalist, essayist, and novelist, then retells the story in his own way. The author acts as a medium to convey the friend's experience to the readers.
In simple words: The story is first told to E. V. Lucas by his friend. Then, E. V. Lucas writes it down for everyone to read.
कहानी में वर्णनकर्ता ई. वी. लूकॅस का मित्र है जैसा कि लेखक इस कहानी के सबसे पहले वाक्य में स्वयं कहता है, "यह कहानी मुझसे एक मित्र ने कही।" परन्तु इसे ई. वी. लूकॅस ने पुनः कहा है जो एक प्रसिद्ध पत्रकार, निबंधकार और उपन्यासकार थे।
In simple words: कहानी ई.वी. लूकॅस के एक मित्र ने उन्हें सुनाई थी, जिसे बाद में लूकॅस ने लिखकर प्रस्तुत किया।

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about who narrates a story, always identify the main narrator and any secondary narrators or authors involved.

Question 2. When does the narrator give away his artistic articles?
वर्णनकर्ता अपने कलात्मक सामान को कब त्यागता है?

Answer: The narrator usually gives away his artistic items when he gets truly tired of them. He parts with his articles in such a way that if someone else accepts them, it feels like a personal favor to him. This habit highlights his unique and often contrary approach to possessions.
In simple words: The narrator gives away his art when he is bored with it. He feels like he is doing the other person a favor by giving it away.
वर्णनकर्ता अपने कलात्मक सामान को अक्सर तब त्यागता है जब वह वास्तव में उससे तंग आ जाती है। और वह अपने सामान को इस प्रकार त्यागता है कि किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा इसकी स्वीकृति उसके ऊपर अनुग्रहे बन जाये।।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता अपनी कलात्मक वस्तुएँ तब त्यागता है जब वह उनसे ऊब जाता है, और यह देने का तरीका ऐसा होता है मानो वह दूसरों पर अहसान कर रहा हो।

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the narrator's unique personality traits, as they often explain his actions and decisions in the story.

Question 3. Did the narrator go to the market with the intention of buying the painting? How did he happen to buy it?
क्या वर्णनकर्ता उस पेन्टिंग को खरीदने के इरादे से बाजार गया था? उसने उसे कैसे खरीद लिया?

Answer: No, the narrator did not go to the market planning to buy the painting. He bought it completely by chance. He simply stumbled upon it, and the opportunity arose unexpectedly, leading to an unplanned purchase. This highlights how unexpected events can change plans.
In simple words: The narrator did not plan to buy the painting. He bought it by accident when he was at the market.
नहीं, वर्णनकर्ता उस पेन्टिंग को खरीदने के इरादे से बाजार नहीं गया था। उसने उसे इत्तफ़ाक से खरीदा था।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता चित्र खरीदने नहीं गया था, बल्कि उसने इसे संयोगवश खरीद लिया।

🎯 Exam Tip: Note key plot points like accidental discoveries, as they often drive the narrative forward and reveal character motivations.

Question 4. What price did the narrator get from the buyer for the drawing?
वर्णनकर्ता को खरीददार से उस चित्र की कितनी कीमत मिली?

Answer: The narrator received fifty pounds from the buyer for the drawing. This price was quite amazing for him because he made a huge profit of forty-nine pounds and ten shillings, considering he had only paid ten shillings to buy it. Such a significant gain made him rethink his moral obligations.
In simple words: The narrator sold the drawing for fifty pounds. He made a profit of forty-nine pounds and ten shillings, which was a lot of money since he bought it for only ten shillings.
वर्णनकर्ता को खरीददार से उस चित्र के लिए पचास पाउन्ड्स मिले। यह कीमत उसके लिये आश्चर्यजनक थी। क्योंकि उसने उनचास पाउन्ड्स व दस शिलिंग का लाभ (इसमें) कमा लिया, जबकि इसको खरीदने के लिए उसने केवल दस शिलिंग दिए थे।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता को चित्र के लिए पचास पाउन्ड्स मिले थे, जो उसके लिए आश्चर्यजनक था क्योंकि उसे बहुत अधिक लाभ हुआ था।

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific numbers and profit margins are important details in such stories, so remember them accurately.

Question 5. Why did the dealer sell the drawing so cheaply to the narrator? (Sample Paper 2018)
विक्रेता ने वर्णनकर्ता को वह चित्र इतना सस्ता क्यों बेच दिया?

Answer: The dealer sold the drawing at a very low price to the narrator because he was not sure that it was a genuine drawing by Turner, who was a famous painter. This uncertainty made him cautious, so he told the narrator, “Mind you, I don't guarantee it.” This shows that the dealer was being honest about his doubts.
In simple words: The dealer sold the drawing cheaply because he wasn't sure if it was a real Turner painting. He told the narrator he could not promise it was genuine.
विक्रेता ने वर्णनकर्ता को वह चित्र इतना सस्ता इसलिए बेच दिया क्योंकि वह निश्चित तौर पर नहीं जानता था कि यह चित्र महान चित्रकार टर्नर द्वारा बनाया गया है। इसीलिए उसने वर्णनकर्ता से कहा था, "देखो मैं इसकी गारन्टी नहीं ले रहा हूँ।"
In simple words: विक्रेता ने चित्र सस्ता बेचा क्योंकि उसे टर्नर की प्रामाणिकता पर संदेह था और उसने गारंटी नहीं दी थी।

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the dealer's honesty is crucial, as it contrasts with the narrator's later internal debates about fairness.

Question 6. Why did the narrator feel so delighted and proud after selling the painting?
वर्णनकर्ता ने उस पेण्टिंग को बेचने के बाद स्वयं को इतना प्रसन्न और गौरवान्वित महसूस क्यों किया?

Answer: The narrator felt very happy and proud after selling the painting because it was the first time in his life he had made such a large profit. He achieved this success by learning from his past mistakes. This big success boosted his confidence and made him feel very clever.
In simple words: The narrator felt delighted because he made a very big profit for the first time in his life, proving he learned from his past mistakes.
उस पेण्टिंग को बेचने के बाद वर्णनकर्ता स्वयं को इतना खुश व गौरवान्वित इसलिए महसूस कर रहा था क्योंकि अपने जीवन में पहली बार उसने इतना भारी लाभ कमाया था। उसने यह सफलता अपने जीवन की गलतियों से सीखकर प्राप्त की थी।
In simple words: चित्र बेचकर वर्णनकर्ता बहुत खुश और गर्वित महसूस कर रहा था क्योंकि उसने अपने जीवन में पहली बार इतना बड़ा लाभ कमाया था, जो उसकी पिछली गलतियों से सीख का परिणाम था।

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the narrator's feelings to his past experiences, as his past failures make this success even more significant for him.

Question 8. In his mood of elation, what did the narrator write in the first note to the dealer?
अपनी सफलता से प्रसन्न होने पर वर्णनकर्ता ने अपने पहले नोट में उस विक्रेता को क्या लिखा था?

Answer: In his initial joy, the narrator wrote a note to the dealer stating that the "potential Turner drawing," which the dealer would surely remember, had turned out to be authentic. He also expressed his great pleasure in enclosing half of the profit. This shows his immediate, generous impulse.
In simple words: When he was very happy, the narrator wrote to the dealer saying the painting was real and that he was happy to send half of his profit.
अपनी सफलता पर प्रसन्न होने पर वर्णनकर्ता ने पहले नोट में उस विक्रेता को लिखा – "वह टर्नर का सम्भावित चित्र जिसके विषय में निस्संदेह उसे याद होगी, असली निकली। और लाभ का आधा पत्र के साथ संलग्न करते हुए मुझे बेहद खुशी है।”
In simple words: खुश होकर वर्णनकर्ता ने विक्रेता को लिखा कि टर्नर का चित्र असली निकला और वह लाभ का आधा हिस्सा भेजकर बहुत खुश है।

🎯 Exam Tip: The content of the first note is important because it establishes the narrator's initial generous intention before his "third thoughts" begin.

Question 9. Which habit of the storyteller leads him to examine and re-examine his idea of sending a part of the profit to the dealer?
अपनी किस आदत के कारण कथाकार उस विक्रेता को लाभांश का एक हिस्सा भेजने के अपने विचार का मूल्यांकन व पुनर्मूल्यांकन करता है?

Answer: The storyteller has made many mistakes throughout his life. Because of this, it has become his habit to review these errors. By reviewing his past actions, he tries to avoid making fewer mistakes in the future. Therefore, he carefully examined and re-examined his idea of sharing the profit. This cautious approach stems from his desire to learn.
In simple words: The storyteller always thinks over his past mistakes to avoid making them again. This habit made him re-think about sharing the profit with the dealer.
कथाकार ने अपने जीवन में अनेक गलतियां की हैं। इसलिए उन गलतियों की समीक्षा करना उसकी आदत है। समीक्षा के द्वारा वह गलतियां कम करने का प्रयास करता है। इसलिए उसने लाभ में हिस्सेदारी के अपने विचार का मूल्यांकन और पुनर्मूल्यांकन किया।
In simple words: कथाकार अपनी गलतियों की समीक्षा करने की आदत के कारण लाभ बाँटने के विचार पर बार-बार सोचता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: The narrator's habit of self-reflection is central to the story, explaining his changing opinions and the meaning of "third thoughts."

Question 10. What did the narrator do when sleep did not come to him?
वर्णनकर्ता को जब नींद नहीं आई तो उसने क्या किया?

Answer: When sleep would not come, the narrator closed his eyes and started thinking again about the dealer. He wondered whether he should give a part of the profit to the dealer or not. This internal debate shows his struggle with ethical decisions even in his resting hours.
In simple words: When he couldn't sleep, the narrator closed his eyes and kept thinking about whether to share his profit with the dealer.
आँखें बन्द कर लीं और पुनः उस विक्रेता के विषय में सोचने लगा कि लाभ का कुछ हिस्सा उसको दिया जाना चाहिए या नहीं।
In simple words: नींद न आने पर वर्णनकर्ता ने आँखें बंद कर लीं और सोचने लगा कि लाभ का कुछ हिस्सा विक्रेता को देना चाहिए या नहीं।

🎯 Exam Tip: The narrator's inability to sleep highlights the mental conflict and moral dilemma he faces, making the "third thoughts" more prominent.

Question 11. Why does the narrator term the bargaining as a straight forward matter between dealer and customer?
वर्णनकर्ता विक्रेता व ग्राहक के बीच सौदेबाजी को सीधा-सादा मामला क्यों बताता है?

Answer: The narrator considers bargaining a straightforward matter because he believes such negotiations are a normal part of business. The dealer tries to get as much money as possible, and once the customer has paid, they have no further obligation to the dealer. This view simplifies the transaction, removing any emotional attachments.
In simple words: The narrator sees bargaining as a simple business transaction. The dealer asks for the most, and once the customer pays, they don't owe the dealer anything else.
वर्णनकर्ता ऐसा इसलिए करता है क्योंकि वह सोचता है कि इस प्रकार के मोल-भाव किसी भी व्यापार का अंग होते हैं। विक्रेता अपनी ओर से जितना वह समझता है ऐंठ सकती है, उतना माँगता है। और इसे देने के बाद ग्राहक की व्यापारी के प्रति कोई बाध्यता (कृतज्ञता) नहीं रहती है।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता सौदेबाजी को सीधा-सादा मानता है क्योंकि यह व्यापार का हिस्सा है जहाँ विक्रेता ज्यादा मांगता है और ग्राहक चुकाने के बाद बाध्य नहीं होता।

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the narrator's rationalization of business dealings helps explain why he later changes his mind about sharing the profit.

C. Answer the following questions in about 125 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 125 शब्दों में दीजिए:

Question 1. Justify the title ‘Third Thoughts'.
'Third Thoughts' शीर्षक की उपयुक्तता सिद्ध कीजिए।

Answer: The title of the essay, 'Third Thoughts,' is a witty play on the common phrase 'second thoughts,' which means reconsidering an opinion. In this essay, the author goes beyond just 'second thoughts' by continuously changing his mind due to selfish motives. This shows that there is no end to rethinking when worldly and self-centered ideas take over one's mind. The narrator repeatedly considers and reconsiders his initial generous idea of sharing profit with the dealer. The title cleverly suggests that people often deceive themselves by finding new reasons to justify their selfish actions. It truly fits the essay perfectly, highlighting the ongoing internal battle.
In simple words: The title 'Third Thoughts' is a clever twist on 'second thoughts'. It shows that the narrator keeps changing his mind because of his selfish desires, proving that there's no end to rethinking when one is driven by greed.
'Third Thoughts' निबन्ध के शीर्षक को 'Second thoughts' मुहावरे के आधार पर हास्य-व्यंग्य पूर्ण तरीके से बनाया गया है। 'Second thoughts' का अर्थ होता है – सोच-विचार के बाद प्राप्त संकल्प या विचार। इसे निबन्ध में लेखक अपने स्वार्थपूर्ण इरादे से निर्देशित होकर अपने विचार पर लगातार पुनर्विचार करता है और उसे बदलता रहता है।
In simple words: 'Third Thoughts' शीर्षक 'Second thoughts' पर एक हास्यपूर्ण व्यंग्य है, जो दर्शाता है कि लेखक अपने स्वार्थ के कारण बार-बार अपने विचारों को बदलता रहता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying a title, connect it directly to the main theme and character's actions, explaining how it reflects the core message of the story.

Question 2. Mention the reasons given by the narrator for changing his resolution with each reconsideration.
प्रत्येक पुनर्विचारे के साथ अपने निश्चय में परिवर्तन करने के लिए वर्णनकर्ता द्वारा दिये गये कारणों का उल्लेख केरिये।

Answer: The narrator changed his decision multiple times. First, he reconsidered by asking, 'Why reward ineptitude?' He believed his own eye, not the dealer's, detected the drawing's value. Secondly, he worried that giving the dealer a share would give him a wrong idea about customers, leading to false expectations and disappointment. Thirdly, he reasoned that since this was his first big profit, sharing it would insult the 'Goddess of Business.' He concluded that buying and selling is a straightforward business transaction with no emotional obligations. Each reconsideration was driven by selfish motives, showing how he deceived himself into justifying keeping all the profit.
In simple words: The narrator changed his mind many times. First, he thought why give money for someone else's mistake. Then, he worried the dealer would get the wrong idea about customers. Finally, he felt sharing the profit would insult the 'Goddess of Business' because business is simple buying and selling.
वर्णनकर्ता ने पहली बार अपने निश्चय में परिवर्तन इस पुनर्विचार के साथ किया कि 'अयोग्यता को लाभांश क्यों?' वह कहता है, "चित्र की सम्भावना को मेरी आँखों ने पहचाना था, न कि उसकी ने।" दूसरी बार परिवर्तन का कारण था – 'इससे उसका अपने ग्राहकों के विषय में गलत विचार बनेगा। वह प्रतिदिन ऐसे ही पत्रों की अपेक्षा करेगा और निराश होगा।' तीसरी बार कारण था – उसने अपने जीवन में पहली बार इतना भारी लाभ कमाया था। यदि वह इस लाभ का एक हिस्सा उस विक्रेता को देता है तो यह व्यापार की देवी का सीधे-सीधे अपमान है। खरीदना व बेचना विक्रेता व ग्राहक के बीच सीधा-सीदा मामला है। वर्णनकर्ता यहाँ सफलतापूर्वक यह स्पष्ट करने का प्रयास करता है कि हम वास्तव में पुनर्विचार के नाम पर स्वयं को धोखा देते हैं।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता ने अपने निर्णय कई बार बदले। पहले उसने सोचा कि अयोग्यता को लाभ क्यों दें। फिर उसे लगा कि इससे विक्रेता को गलतफहमी होगी। तीसरी बार उसने सोचा कि लाभ साझा करना व्यापार की देवी का अपमान होगा क्योंकि व्यापार सीधा-सादा मामला है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing the specific reasons in chronological order helps show the progression of the narrator's "third thoughts" and his increasing selfishness.

Question 3. ".....the point of narrative resides not in bargaining with the collectors, but in bargaining with my own soul”. How far does the statement embody the true spirit of 'Third Thoughts'.
"इस कहानी का मूल बिन्दु संग्रहकर्ताओं से मोल-भाव करने में नहीं, बल्कि अपनी अन्तरात्मा से मोल-भाव करने में निहित है।” यह कथन "Third Thoughts' पाठ की आत्मा को कैसे व्यक्त करता है?

Answer: This statement truly embodies the spirit of 'Third Thoughts'. The narrator initially wanted to send half the profit to the dealer, but after much reconsideration, he ended up sending nothing. This shows that when selfish thoughts and worldly wisdom take over, there is no end to rethinking. Generous ideas quickly disappear. Instead of arguing with others, we argue with ourselves, trying to convince ourselves that our actions are justified, as if an inner voice is telling us what we are doing is fair. Therefore, the narrator admits that the real struggle in this story is not about dealing with buyers, but about the internal battle with his own conscience.
In simple words: This statement truly shows what 'Third Thoughts' is about. The narrator fights with his own mind, not with others, to justify keeping all the profit. His good ideas vanish as his selfish thoughts win, proving the story is about his inner struggle.
जाते हैं तो पुनर्विचार का अन्त ही नहीं आता है। उदात्त विचार शीघ्र ही गायब हो जाते हैं। दूसरों से तर्क करने की बजाय, हम स्वयं से तर्क करते हैं और स्वयं को ही आश्वस्त करने की कोशिश करते हैं कि हम जो कुछ कर रहे हैं वह न्यायसंगत है; मानो कोई हमारे अन्दर ही पीछे से झांक रहा हो और हमसे कह रहा हो कि तुम जो कुछ कर रहे हो वह न्यायसंगत और उचित नहीं है। यही कारण है कि वर्णनकर्ता स्वीकार करता है कि इस कहानी का प्रमुख बिन्दु संग्रहकर्ताओं से मोल-भाव करना नहीं बल्कि उसकी अपनी आत्मा से मोल-भाव करना है। इस प्रकार उक्त कथन 'Third Thoughts' नामक पाठ की आत्मा को काफी हद तक व्यक्त करता है।
In simple words: यह कथन 'थर्ड थॉट्स' की सच्ची भावना को दर्शाता है। वर्णनकर्ता का संघर्ष दूसरों से नहीं, बल्कि अपनी आत्मा से है, जहाँ वह स्वार्थ को सही ठहराता है और नेक विचार गायब हो जाते हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the internal conflict and the narrator's self-deception to illustrate how the statement captures the essay's essence.

Question 4. Why are city magnates successful according to the narrator?
वर्णनकर्ता के अनुसार शहर के बड़े व्यापारी सफल क्यों होते हैं?

Answer: According to the narrator, successful city magnates do not conduct their business based on emotions. They possess a deep understanding of the psychology and philosophy of trade and commerce. In the business world, emotional impulses are seen as a weakness. Buying and selling are considered straightforward transactions between the dealer and the customer. The dealer aims to extort as much as possible, and once the customer pays, they owe nothing further. Therefore, city magnates succeed because they avoid foolish emotional decisions, unlike the narrator. They keep all their profits without allowing sentiment or generosity to interfere.
In simple words: City magnates succeed because they don't let feelings guide their business. They understand trade deeply, see buying and selling as simple deals, and keep all profits without being generous.
वर्णनकर्ता के अनुसार शहर के बड़े व्यापारी इसलिए सफल होते हैं क्योंकि वे अपनी भावनाओं के आधार पर अपना व्यापार नहीं करते। व्यापार एवं वाणिज्य जगत के मनोविज्ञान एवं दर्शन में उनकी गहन अन्तर्दृष्टि होती है। इस संसार में 'भावुकता सफलता की शत्रु होती है।' खरीदना एवं बेचना व्यापारी एवं ग्राहक के बीच पूर्णतः सीधा-सादा मामला होता है। व्यापारी जितना ऐंठ सके उतनी कीमत मांगता है और ग्राहक कीमत चुकाने के बाद व्यापारी के प्रति किसी भी प्रकार दायित्व नहीं रखता। इस प्रकार शहर के बड़े व्यापारी सफल होते हैं क्योंकि वे वर्णनकर्ता की भाँति मूर्खतापूर्ण भावुकता के वशीभूत होकर कार्य नहीं करते। वास्तव में वे सारा लाभ स्वयं ही रखते हैं एवं भावुकता एवं उदारता के वशीभूत होकर अन्य लोगों की परवाह नहीं करते हैं।
In simple words: शहर के बड़े व्यापारी सफल होते हैं क्योंकि वे भावनाओं पर नहीं, बल्कि व्यापार के नियमों पर चलते हैं। वे भावनात्मक निर्णय लेने से बचते हैं और सारा लाभ खुद रखते हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast the narrator's emotional struggle with the pragmatism of city magnates to highlight the story's commentary on business ethics and human nature.

Question 5. How did the intended note to the dealer read and did it ever reach him?
उस विक्रेता को लिखे गये अभिप्रेत नोट में क्या लिखा था और क्या यह नोट कभी उस तक पहुँचा?

Answer: The narrator bought a drawing for ten shillings and sold it for fifty pounds, making a profit of forty-nine pounds and ten shillings. He initially wanted to give a part of this profit to the dealer. So, he wrote an intended note to the dealer, stating that the picture was indeed drawn by a great painter, Turner, and that he succeeded in selling it for fifty pounds. The note was meant to inform the dealer of his good fortune and offer him a gift. However, this note never reached the dealer because the narrator kept reconsidering his idea of sharing the profit. Eventually, he thought selfishly and found many excuses not to share anything with the dealer.
In simple words: The narrator bought a drawing cheaply, sold it for a large profit, and wrote a note to the dealer about the sale, intending to share some money. But, he kept changing his mind and never sent the note or the money.
वर्णनकर्ता ने एक चित्र दस शिलिंग में खरीदा था। उसने इसे पचास पाउण्ड में बेच दिया। अत: उसने उनचास पाउण्ड व दस शिलिंग का लाभ अर्जित किया। वह लाभ का कुछ हिस्सा उस विक्रेता को देना चाहता था। इसलिए उसने उस विक्रेता को लिखे उस अभिप्रेत नोट में लिखा कि वह चित्र वास्तव में महान चित्रकार टर्नर द्वारा ही बनाया गया था, इसलिए वह उस चित्र को पचास पाउण्ड में बेचने में सफल रहा। यह नोट उसे यह बताने के लिए था कि उसने वह चित्र भारी लाभ लेकर बेच दिया था जिससे कि वह उसे कोई उपहार दे सके। यह वर्णनकर्ता का पुराना और विचित्र विश्वास था कि सौभाग्य में लोगों को सहभागी बनाया जाना चाहिए। नहीं, वह नोट उस विक्रेता तक कभी नहीं पहुँचा क्योंकि वर्णनकर्ता उस विक्रेता को लाभ में सहभागी बनाने के बारे में विचार-पुनर्विचार करता रहा। वस्तुतः वर्णनकर्ता स्वार्थपूर्ण ढंग से सोचने लगा था और उसने विक्रेता को कुछ भी न देने के अनेक झूठे तर्क गढ लिये थे।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता ने चित्र को कम दाम में खरीदकर बहुत मुनाफे में बेचा। उसने विक्रेता को एक नोट लिखा कि चित्र असली था और वह लाभ का कुछ हिस्सा देना चाहता है, पर बार-बार सोचने के कारण उसने वह नोट कभी भेजा ही नहीं।

🎯 Exam Tip: This question highlights the narrator's internal conflict and how his initial good intentions were overcome by selfish reasoning through continuous reconsideration.

Question 6. 'there is no fury like a woman scorned'. Who is the 'woman' referred to here and why does the narrator fear her fury?
अपमानित स्त्री से ज्यादा क्रोध किसी का नहीं हो सकता।' यहाँ किस 'स्त्री' को इंगित किया गया है। और वर्णनकर्ता उसके क्रोध से क्यों डरता है?

Answer: The 'woman' mentioned here is the Goddess of Business. The narrator fears her anger because he has, for the first time in his life, achieved a significant financial success. He believes that by sharing his profit with the dealer, he would be insulting the Goddess of Business, who had just blessed him with good fortune. If he upsets her, he fears it could lead to his ruin. So, he questions why he should spoil his profit by giving a large part of it away, as it would be an insult to the Goddess. He wants to be a successful businessman and therefore wishes to please her.
In simple words: The 'woman' is the Goddess of Business. The narrator fears her anger because he thinks sharing his big, first-time profit would insult her, possibly ruining his future success.
यहाँ जिस 'स्त्री' को इंगित किया गया है वह है- व्यापार की देवी। वर्णनकर्ता उसके क्रोध से इसलिए डरता है क्योंकि उसने पहली बार अपने जीवन में इतना अच्छा लाभ अर्जित किया है। इसमें उस विक्रेता को सहभागी बनाकर वह व्यापार की देवी का अपमान नहीं करना चाहता। मात्र एक या दो दिन पूर्व ही तो उसने उसे अपना आशीर्वाद दिया है। यदि उसने उनका अपमान किया तो वह उससे क्रुद्ध हो सकती है और यह शायद उसका अंत होगा, अर्थात् वह मर ही जायेगा। इसलिए वह स्वयं से प्रश्न करता है, "लाभ के बड़े हिस्से को देकर मैं इसे (लाभ को) क्यों खराब करू अर्थात् लाभ को कम क्यों करू? क्या यह व्यापार की देवी का सीधा-सीधा अपमान नहीं है, वह चाहे जो भी हो? क्या यह उससे मेरी उपेक्षा या अपमान करने को कहना
In simple words: 'स्त्री' व्यापार की देवी है। वर्णनकर्ता उनके क्रोध से डरता है क्योंकि उसे लगता है कि मुनाफा साझा करने से देवी का अपमान होगा और उसके व्यापार को नुकसान हो सकता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: This personification of "Goddess of Business" is a clever rhetorical device the narrator uses to rationalize his selfishness; understanding this is key to the story's irony.

A. Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में दीजिए:

Question 1. What, according to the narrator, is his destiny?
वर्णनकर्ता के अनुसार उसका भाग्य क्या है?

Answer: According to the narrator, his destiny is to buy things in the most expensive markets and sell them, if he manages to sell at all, in the cheapest. He typically gets tired of a picture or decorative item and has to give it away for free. This pattern highlights his usual bad luck in business.
In simple words: The narrator believes his fate is to buy high and sell low, often having to give things away for free because he gets tired of them.
वर्णनकर्ता का भाग्य है – महँगे बाजार से खरीदना और यदि कभी बेचने में सफलता मिल जाये तो सस्ते से सस्ते में बेचना। अधिकांशतः वास्तव में किसी तस्वीर या सजावटी वस्तु से तंग आकर वर्णनकर्ता को उसे देना पड़ता है।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता का भाग्य महंगा खरीदना और सस्ता बेचना है, और अक्सर वस्तुओं से ऊबकर उन्हें मुफ्त में देना पड़ता है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the narrator's perceived "destiny" helps contextualize his delight and subsequent internal struggle over the big profit he unexpectedly makes.

Question 2. Why did the portfolio of water-colour drawings attract the narrator?
जल-रंगों वालों चित्रों की फाइल ने वर्णनकर्ता को क्यों आकर्षित किया?

Answer: The portfolio of water-colour drawings attracted the narrator because, among them, he suddenly spotted a drawing that seemed to be by Turner, a famous painter. Although the owner (dealer) of the drawing was not sure about its authenticity, the narrator's suspicion sparked his interest. This discovery represented a rare chance for him to perhaps break his unlucky streak.
In simple words: The narrator was drawn to the drawings because he saw one he thought might be by the famous painter Turner, even though the dealer was unsure.
जल-रंगों वाले चित्रों की फाइल ने वर्णनकर्ता को इसलिए आकर्षित किया क्योंकि उन चित्रों के बीच उसने अचानक एक चित्र देखा जो सम्भवतः महान चित्रकार टर्नर की कृति थी। यद्यपि उस चित्र के स्वामी (विक्रेता) को इसकी पक्की जानकारी नहीं थी।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता को जल-रंगों वाले चित्र आकर्षित किए क्योंकि उनमें एक चित्र ऐसा था जो उसे टर्नर का लगा, भले ही विक्रेता को इसकी पुष्टि न हो।

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific detail (the suspected Turner drawing) that draws the narrator in, as this is the turning point of the story.

Question 3. What was the dealer's reply for the drawing (probably Turner's)?
उस चित्र (सम्भवतः टर्नर की कृति) के लिए विक्रेता का क्या उत्तर था?

Answer: The dealer replied that if the drawing was indeed by Turner, it would be extremely valuable. However, he offered it to the narrator for just ten shillings, and said he wouldn't mind if the narrator chose not to buy it. The dealer also mentioned that he would take the drawing to London to get an expert opinion if it wasn't purchased. This honest and fair approach by the dealer is significant.
In simple words: The dealer said if the drawing was a real Turner, it would be worth a lot. He offered it for ten shillings, adding that he would take it to London for verification if the narrator didn't buy it.
नहीं, उस विक्रेता को नहीं पता था कि वह चित्र टर्नर की असली कृति थी। इसीलिए उसने वर्णनकर्ता से कहा था कि यदि यह टर्नर की असली कृति हुई तो इसकी कीमत कुछ भी हो सकती थी। उसने आगे कहा "देखो, मैं इसकी गारन्टी नहीं दे रहा हूँ।”
In simple words: विक्रेता ने कहा कि यदि चित्र असली टर्नर का हुआ तो उसकी कीमत बहुत होगी। उसने इसे दस शिलिंग में पेश किया और कहा कि वह इसे नहीं खरीदने पर लंदन ले जाएगा।

🎯 Exam Tip: The dealer's fair and open response is a critical contrast to the narrator's later internal struggle and selfish reasoning.

Question 4. What was the astonishing fact for the narrator?
वर्णनकर्ता के लिए आश्चर्यजनक तथ्य क्या था?

Answer: The astonishing fact for the narrator was that he unexpectedly made a huge profit of forty-nine pounds and ten shillings by selling the drawing. He had only bought the drawing for ten shillings. This enormous and sudden gain was completely unexpected and a rare event in his typically unlucky business life. The profit was much more than he anticipated.
In simple words: The narrator was amazed that he earned a very large profit of forty-nine pounds and ten shillings from selling a drawing he had bought for just ten shillings.
वर्णनकर्ता के लिये आश्चर्यजनक तथ्य यह था कि उसने उस चित्र को बेचकर उनचास पाउण्ड व दस शिलिंग का लाभांश कमाया था। किन्तु उसने उस चित्र को मात्र दस शिलिंग में खरीदा था।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता के लिए आश्चर्यजनक बात यह थी कि उसने दस शिलिंग में खरीदे चित्र को बेचकर उनचास पाउण्ड और दस शिलिंग का भारी मुनाफा कमाया।

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the contrast between the buying price and selling price to emphasize the magnitude of the "astonishing fact" for the narrator.

Question 5. Who intended to go to London? And why?
किसका इरादा लंदन जाने का था? और क्यों?

Answer: The dealer intended to go to London. He wanted to take the drawing there because he wished to get an expert opinion about it. His goal was to confirm whether the drawing was genuinely a Turner or not. This shows the dealer's cautious approach and his desire for authentic information.
In simple words: The dealer planned to go to London to get an expert's opinion on the drawing and confirm if it was truly a Turner painting.
विक्रेता का इरादा लंदन जाने को था। उसका इरादा उस कृति को लंदन ले जाने का था क्योंकि वह इसके बारे में राय लेना चाहता था। वह सुनिश्चित करना चाहता था कि यह कृति टर्नर की असली कृति थी या नहीं।
In simple words: विक्रेता लंदन जाना चाहता था ताकि उसे चित्र की प्रामाणिकता पर विशेषज्ञ की राय मिल सके।

🎯 Exam Tip: The dealer's intention to seek expert opinion in London underscores his professionalism and honesty, a key point in the story.

Question 6. What was the astonishing fact for the narrator?
वर्णनकर्ता के लिए आश्चर्यजनक तथ्य क्या था?

Answer: The astonishing fact for the narrator was that he, quite unexpectedly, made a substantial profit of forty-nine pounds and ten shillings by selling the drawing. This was especially surprising because he had purchased the drawing for only ten shillings. This enormous profit was a rare and delightful experience for him.
In simple words: The narrator was greatly surprised that he earned a large profit of forty-nine pounds and ten shillings from selling the drawing, having only paid ten shillings for it.
वर्णनकर्ता के लिये आश्चर्यजनक तथ्य यह था कि उसने उस चित्र को बेचकर उनचास पाउण्ड व दस शिलिंग का लाभांश कमाया था। किन्तु उसने उस चित्र को मात्र दस शिलिंग में खरीदा था।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता के लिए आश्चर्यजनक बात यह थी कि उसने दस शिलिंग में खरीदे चित्र को बेचकर उनचास पाउण्ड और दस शिलिंग का भारी मुनाफा कमाया।

🎯 Exam Tip: Always emphasize the financial details (initial cost vs. selling price) to illustrate the narrator's significant and surprising profit.

Question 7. With whom did the narrator wish to share the profit and why?
वर्णनकर्ता लाभ को किसके साथ बांटना चाहता था और क्यों?

Answer: The narrator wished to share a part of the profit with the dealer. He felt he should do this because the dealer had behaved very well and honestly with him during the purchase. Therefore, the narrator believed he should reciprocate this good behavior and share his profit. This initial thought reflected his sense of fairness.
In simple words: The narrator wanted to share some profit with the dealer because the dealer had been very fair and honest with him when he bought the painting.
वर्णनकर्ता को बहुत लाभ हुआ था इसलिए उसने सोचा कि उसे भी उसके (व्यापारी के) साथ अच्छा व्यवहार करना चाहिए और लाभ का एक हिस्सा उसे देना चाहिए।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता लाभ का कुछ हिस्सा विक्रेता के साथ बाँटना चाहता था क्योंकि विक्रेता का व्यवहार उसके प्रति बहुत अच्छा था।

🎯 Exam Tip: This initial desire to share profit sets the stage for the narrator's internal ethical debate, so it's a crucial point in the story.

Question 8. Why did the narrator not want to be Quixotic?
वर्णनकर्ता अव्यावहारिक क्यों नहीं होना चाहता था?

Answer: The narrator did not want to be Quixotic (meaning unrealistically idealistic or impractical) because he believed that such impractical behavior would not work in the real world. He felt that giving a portion of his profit to the dealer would be a Quixotic act. He concluded that the world is not meant for such overly idealistic gestures, and practical decisions are more important.
In simple words: The narrator didn't want to be overly idealistic because he felt such impractical generosity, like sharing profit, wouldn't be effective or understood in the real world.
वर्णनकर्ता अव्यावहारिक नहीं होना चाहता था क्योंकि उसने सोचा कि इस दुनिया में अव्यावहारिकता से काम नहीं चलेगा। इसलिए लाभ में से एक हिस्सा उस व्यापारी को देने का अर्थ होगा अव्यावहारिकता। उसने महसूस किया कि यह संसार अव्यावहारिकता के लिए नहीं है।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता अव्यावहारिक नहीं होना चाहता था क्योंकि उसे लगा कि लाभ बाँटना इस दुनिया में एक अव्यावहारिक काम होगा।

🎯 Exam Tip: The term "Quixotic" refers to impractical idealism; explain why the narrator views sharing profit in this way to fully answer the question.

Question 9. Why does the narrator say, "Why to put a premium on ineptitude?”
वर्णनकर्ता क्यों कहता है, “अयोग्यता को लाभांश क्यों?

Answer: The narrator says, “Why to put a premium on ineptitude?” because he believed it was his own keen eye that recognized the potential of the drawing, not the dealer's. The dealer had failed to realize the true value of the item and didn't know his own business well enough. The narrator felt that rewarding the dealer would be like rewarding his lack of skill or knowledge. This thought solidified his resolve to keep the profit.
In simple words: The narrator asked, "Why reward ineptitude?" because he felt he was the one who spotted the valuable drawing, not the dealer, who didn't know its worth.
वर्णनकर्ता कहता है, “अयोग्यता को लाभांश क्यों" क्योंकि उसका विचार था कि चित्र की सम्भावना को उसकी आँख ने पहचाना था, न कि उसकी (व्यापारीकी) ने। व्यापारी तो वास्तव में असफल हो चुका था तथा वह स्वयं अपने काम को नहीं जानता था।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता यह इसलिए कहता है क्योंकि चित्र की पहचान उसकी अपनी दृष्टि ने की थी, न कि उस व्यापारी ने जो अपने काम में असफल रहा।

🎯 Exam Tip: This phrase is a key justification for the narrator's selfishness; explain how it shifts the blame from his own greed to the dealer's perceived incompetence.

Question 10. Who did the narrator fear to offend? And why?
वर्णनकर्ता किसको अपमान करने से डरता था? और क्यों?

Answer: The narrator feared offending the Goddess of Business. He thought that this was the first time in his life he had earned such a significant profit. By giving a portion of that profit to the dealer, he believed he would insult this 'Goddess,' potentially jeopardizing his future business success. This personification helped him rationalize his decision to keep all the profit for himself.
In simple words: The narrator feared offending the Goddess of Business. He felt that sharing his first big profit would be an insult to her and might harm his future business luck.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'Goddess of Business' is a metaphorical representation of the narrator's belief in commercial success; link this fear to his desire for continued good fortune.

Question 11. Why was it necessary for the narrator to control his feelings?
वर्णनकर्ता के लिए अपनी भावनाओं पर नियंत्रण रखना क्यों जरूरी था?

Answer: It was necessary for the narrator to control his feelings so that he could perform well in his new role as a fine art speculator. He believed that emotions have no value in business, and he understood that 'impulse is the negation of magnetism,' meaning emotional reactions go against the principles of attraction and success in commerce. To be a shrewd businessman, he felt he must remain objective.
In simple words: The narrator needed to control his emotions to succeed in art speculation. He believed feelings were useless in business and that emotional impulses hinder success.
वर्णनकर्ता के लिए अपनी भावनाओं पर नियंत्रण रखना जरूरी था ताकि वह अपनी कला-पारखी की नई भूमिका में कुछ अच्छा कर सके। व्यापार में भावनाओं का कोई महत्त्व नहीं होता है उसने अनुभव किया कि 'भावुकता सफलता का निषेध है।'
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता को अपनी भावनाओं को नियंत्रित करना आवश्यक था ताकि वह व्यापार में सफल हो सके, क्योंकि उसका मानना था कि भावनाएं व्यवसाय में बाधक होती हैं।

🎯 Exam Tip: This question highlights a core theme of the story: the conflict between emotional impulses and rational, self-serving business decisions.

B. Answer the following questions in about 125 words each:
निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर लगभग 125 शब्दों में दीजिए:

Question 1. How did the dealer behave with the narrator before selling the drawing?
चित्र बेचने से पहले व्यापारी ने वर्णनकर्ता से कैसा व्यवहार किया?

Answer: The dealer behaved very fairly and politely with the narrator before selling the drawing. Even when the narrator somewhat scornfully asked about the price, the dealer calmly stated that if it were a genuine Turner, it would be priceless. He clearly explained that the narrator could buy the drawing for ten shillings, or if he chose not to, he wouldn't mind and would take it to London for expert verification. The dealer was open about his uncertainty regarding the drawing's authenticity and offered no guarantee. This entire interaction shows that the dealer was thoroughly professional and honest in his dealings, treating the narrator with respect despite his own doubts.
In simple words: The dealer was very fair and kind. He told the narrator the drawing might be valuable if real, offered it cheaply, and said he would get it checked in London if the narrator didn't buy it, showing his honesty.
चित्र बेचने से पहले व्यापारी ने वर्णनकर्ता से बहुत अच्छा व्यवहार किया। यद्यपि वर्णनकर्ता ने घृणापूर्ण तरीके से चित्र की कीमत पूछी तथापि व्यापारी ने बहुत शान्तिपूर्वक वर्णनकर्ता से कहा कि अगर यह टर्नर की असली कृति है तो इसकी कीमत कुछ भी हो सकती है। उसने वर्णनकर्ता को सब-कुछ स्पष्ट कर दिया और कहा कि वह इस चित्र को दस शिलिंग में ले सकता है और अगर वह न भी ले तो वह बुरा नहीं मानेगा और वह चित्र पर राय लेने के लिए उसे लन्दन ले जाएगा कि यह टर्नर की असली कृति है या नहीं। व्यापारी को पक्का पता नहीं था कि वह चित्र वास्तव में टर्नर द्वारा बनाया गया था अथवा नहीं और इसी कारण उसने इसकी कोई गारंटी नहीं ली। पूरा प्रकरण दिखाता है कि व्यापारी अपने व्यवसाय में ईमानदार था। इसलिए उसने वर्णनकर्ता के साथ बहुत अच्छा व्यवहार किया।
In simple words: चित्र बेचने से पहले व्यापारी ने वर्णनकर्ता के साथ बहुत अच्छा व्यवहार किया। उसने ईमानदारी से चित्र की कीमत बताई और स्पष्ट किया कि वह इसकी प्रामाणिकता की गारंटी नहीं देता, यह दर्शाता है कि वह अपने व्यवसाय में निष्पक्ष था।

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the dealer's honesty and transparency as a contrast to the narrator's later internal debates, which is central to the story's theme.

Question 3. Why did the narrator think about the Goddess of Business?
वर्णनकर्ता ने व्यापार की देवी के बारे में क्यों सोचा?

Answer: The narrator started thinking about the Goddess of Business because he had made a significant financial gain for the first time in his life. He questioned why he should diminish his profit by giving a large portion away. At this point, the idea of the Goddess of Business came to his mind. He worried that if he rashly discarded a large profit, the Goddess of Business would feel insulted and become angry. He felt that he had recently gained her favor, and an insulted woman could be extremely furious. Essentially, the narrator did not want to share his large profit with the dealer, so he used the concept of the Goddess of Business as an excuse to justify his selfish motive. This was a way for him to avoid feeling guilty about his decision.
In simple words: The narrator thought about the Goddess of Business because he made a huge profit for the first time. He feared insulting her by giving away money, as it might make her angry and harm his future success, justifying his selfish decision.
वर्णनकर्ता ने सोचा कि उसे जीवन में पहली बार कुछ वित्तीय लाभ प्राप्त हुआ है। उसने स्वयं से प्रश्न किया कि इसका बड़ा हिस्सा उस व्यापारी को देकर वह इसे क्यों नष्ट करे। इस बिन्दु पर ही उसने व्यापार की देवी के बारे में सोचा। उसने सोचा कि यदि वह लाभ को इस तरह फेंक देगा तो व्यापार की देवी नाराज हो जाएगी। कुछ ही दिन पूर्व उसका उससे (देवी से) तालमेल बैठा था। अपमानित स्त्री बहुत भयानक हो सकती। है। वस्तुतः वर्णनकर्ता अपने भारी मुनाफे में व्यापारी को सहभागी नहीं बनाना चाहता था। अतः वह अपने स्वार्थपूर्ण उद्देश्य की पूर्ति हेतु
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता ने व्यापार की देवी के बारे में सोचा क्योंकि उसे पहली बार बड़ा लाभ हुआ था। उसे डर था कि यदि वह लाभ साझा करेगा तो देवी नाराज हो सकती हैं, इसलिए उसने इस विचार का उपयोग अपने स्वार्थ को सही ठहराने के लिए किया।

🎯 Exam Tip: The "Goddess of Business" serves as a convenient rationalization for the narrator's growing selfishness; explaining this connection is crucial.

Question 4. "Buying and selling are a perfectly straight forward matter between dealer and customer."Explain.
"खरीदना और बेचना व्यापारी और ग्राहक के बीच का बहुत सीधा-सादा मामला है।” स्पष्ट कीजिये।

Answer: The narrator bought a drawing for ten shillings and sold it for fifty pounds, earning a significant profit. Initially, he impulsively decided to share half the profit, influenced by noble ideas. However, he gradually started to reason with himself, convincing himself that it was illogical to send any money to the dealer. The statement "Buying and selling are a perfectly straightforward matter between dealer and customer" became his ultimate justification. He argued that such bargains are simply part of business: the dealer asks for the highest possible price, and once the customer pays, there is no further obligation. By thinking this way, he justified his decision to give nothing to the dealer. This perspective allows him to distance himself from any emotional or moral responsibility beyond the transaction.
In simple words: The narrator bought and sold a drawing for a huge profit. He used the idea that buying and selling is a simple business deal, with no extra duties once paid, to justify not sharing any profit with the dealer.
वर्णनकर्ता ने दस शिलिंग में एक चित्र खरीदा और उसे पचास पाउण्ड में बेच दिया और इस तरह उसे उनचास पाउण्ड और दस शिलिंग का लाभ हुआ। शुरू में उदात्त विचार छाये थे, अतः उसने व्यापारी को लाभ का आधा हिस्सा भेजने का निर्णय भावुकतापूर्वक कर लिया किन्तु धीरे-धीरे अपने आप को ही आश्वस्त करने की कोशिश करते हुए वह स्वयं से ही तर्क करने लगा कि व्यापारी को धन भेजना बेतुकी बात है। उपर्युक्त वाक्य में सन्निहित विचार अन्ततः उसे आश्वस्त करते हैं। वह यह कहते हुए स्वयं को उचित ठहराता है कि इस तरह के मोल-भाव तो व्यापार के अंग हैं। खरीदना और बेचना व्यापारी और ग्राहक के बीच का बड़ा सरल मामला है। व्यापारी जितना ऐंठ सकता है, उतना माँगता है, और ग्राहक की उतना देने के बाद, व्यापारी के प्रति कोई बाध्यता नहीं रहती है। ऐसा सोचते हुए वह व्यापारी को कुछ भी न भेजने के अपने तर्क का औचित्य सिद्ध करता है।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता ने इस कथन का उपयोग यह तर्क देने के लिए किया कि व्यापार एक सीधा-सादा सौदा है, जिसमें भुगतान के बाद कोई अतिरिक्त दायित्व नहीं होता, जिससे उसे लाभ साझा न करने का अपना निर्णय सही लगा।

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain how this statement represents the narrator's final rationalization, discarding all his initial generous impulses for a purely transactional view of business.

Question 5. In the story 'Third Thoughts' how does the narrator bargain with his own soul? Explain.
'पुनर्विचार' कहानी में वर्णनकर्ता अपनी स्वयं की आत्मा से किस प्रकार मोल-भाव करता है? वर्णन करिये।

Answer: In 'Third Thoughts,' the narrator engages in an extensive internal bargaining process with his own conscience. After earning a significant profit and initially deciding to give half to the dealer due to the dealer's good behavior, his mind begins to change. He first questions, “Why put a premium on ineptitude?” arguing that the dealer's lack of knowledge shouldn't be rewarded. Then, he considers sending ten pounds, but reconsiders, thinking ten pounds would make the dealer feel too important. He reduces it to five pounds, then rethinks again, believing giving a large sum would insult the "Goddess of Business." He next contemplates a single pound, and finally, abandons the idea altogether. He rationalizes that such dealings are merely business, and that it would even be wrong to "injure such a good-natured man" by offering a "gift" from his profit. This shows a deep internal struggle where selfish motives slowly overcome his initial generosity.
In simple words: The narrator bargains with his soul by first wanting to share half the profit, then reducing it to ten, then five, then one pound, and finally nothing. He uses reasons like not rewarding incompetence and not insulting the 'Goddess of Business' to justify his changing, more selfish decisions.
का अपमान। इसलिए उसके लिए एक पाउण्ड के उपहार से ही काम चल जाएगा। और अन्त में वह उस एक पाउण्ड के विचार को भी त्याग देता है। वह मोलभाव करता है और अपनी स्वयं की आत्मा से ही कहता है कि इस प्रकार के मोलभाव व्यापार के अंग होते हैं। तथ्य यह है कि वर्णनकर्ता इतना चालाक है कि वह यह सोचता है। कि ऐसे अच्छे विचारों वाले व्यक्ति को अपने अर्जित लाभ में से कुछ रकम उपहार स्वरूप भेजना एक तरह का अपमानपूर्ण कार्य होगा।
In simple words: वर्णनकर्ता अपनी आत्मा से सौदेबाजी करता है, पहले आधा लाभ देने की सोचता है, फिर उसे घटाता है और अंत में कुछ भी नहीं देता, यह कहते हुए कि यह केवल व्यापार है।

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the step-by-step reduction of the proposed shared amount and the accompanying justifications to fully illustrate the narrator's internal bargaining.

Activity 2: Vocabulary

Question 1.(a). Convert the following nouns into verbs and use them in sentences of your own:
Ex. - guarantor - guarantee, collector, purchaser, drawing, narrative, pleasure, thought, mitigation, speculator, effect, belief, obligation, proceeds, dealer.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting nouns to verbs, pay attention to spelling changes and proper sentence construction to show their use as actions.

Question 1.(b). Convert the following nouns into adjectives and use them in sentences of your own:
Ex. - favour - favourable, picture, acceptance, exception, luck, hope, magic, worth, sleep, loneliness, pity, nature, profit, fury, obligation.
Answer:
Adjectives: picturesque, acceptable, exceptional, lucky, hopeful, magical, worthy, sleepy, lonely, piteous, natural, profitable, furious, obligatory.
Use in Sentences:

• The scenery of Kashmir is very picturesque.
• Ten shillings was the acceptable price of the drawing.
• The day, when the narrator earned such a big profit, was an exceptional day for him.
• The narrator felt very lucky when he learnt that the drawing was an authentic Turner.
• The narrator was hopeful about the drawing.
• It was a magical deal for the narrator.
• The narrator was worthy of such a great profit.
• When the narrator didn't feel sleepy, he started reading a story.
• People who feel lonely should keep themselves busy.
• Disabled people are not piteous, rather we should encourage them.
• Natural beauty is of genuine beauty.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that adjectives add details to nouns. Practice using different forms of words to make your sentences more interesting and precise.

Question 2. (a). Use each of these expressions in sentences of your own:
come upon, turn out to be, meet the case, to be worth anything, give away, go down the vale of tears, put a premium, get on terms, put under examination and cross-examination, put one above oneself.
Answer:

• When I was searching for some nice gift for my friend, I came upon a very attractive photo-frame.
• Yesterday I bought an original Parker pen but it turned out to be duplicate.
• With every reconsideration, the narrator reduced the share of profit and thought that it will meet the case.
• The dealer was aware of Turner's name, that's why he said that if it were a genuine Turner it would be worth anything.
• When the police assured the man to release, he gave away all the details.
• My younger brother is not serious about his studies and he will go down the vale of tears when the result is out.
• It's absolutely right that one should put a premium on aptitude, not on ineptitude.
• After two years Rajan and I have got on terms.
• The principal put his case under examination and cross-examination, and finally decided to suspend him from the class.
• The class teacher appreciated him, it has put him above himself.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding idioms and phrases is key to improving your vocabulary. Practice using them in your own sentences to remember their meanings and proper usage.

Question 2. (b). Give synonyms for the following words:
destiny, article, acceptance, favour, owner, scornfully, opinion, recollect, custom loneliness, defect, present, disregard, absurd, coup, control, profit, contents, bargains, incident.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: Using synonyms correctly can improve your writing style and show a broader vocabulary. Always choose a synonym that fits the context of your sentence.

Question 2. (c). Give Antonyms for the following words:
dearest, selling, positive, dealer, personal, possible, wrong, genuine, found, fair, pleasure, decent, probability, refuse, similar, plenty, harm, brief, glad.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: When finding antonyms, think about the core meaning of the word. Sometimes, adding a prefix like 'un-', 'im-', or 'dis-' can create an antonym, but often you need a completely different word.

Activity 3: Speech Activity

As the cultural secretary of your school prepares a speech to be delivered for the welcome of the guests at the inaugural function of the cultural festival of your school.
Answer:
Respected Principal Sir, honourable guests, all the teachers, my dear fellow students and everybody present here, a very good evening to all of you. I welcome you all on this special evening. It is a great pleasure for us to celebrate the seventh cultural festival of our school today. We all know that cultural activities play a very important role in our lives. For the last fifteen days, my fellow students have been preparing various cultural performances to make this evening a great success. They are ready with their songs, dances, plays, and a lot of other fun things. So please enjoy the program.
In simple words: This is a welcome speech for a school's cultural festival. It thanks everyone for coming, explains the importance of cultural activities, and invites them to enjoy the show prepared by students.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a speech, always start with a warm greeting to your audience. Organize your thoughts clearly, include a main message, and end with a positive closing remark.

Activity 4: Composition

Question 1. Prepare a report to be published in the Tribune on the Dist. Athletics Tournament held in your school. (S. S. Exam 2018)
Answer:
Bharatpur, 20 March:
The District Athletics Tournament was held at the RKS Public School grounds. The Education Minister of the State officially opened the event. Athletes from twenty different schools in the city took part in the competition. A large crowd of students came to cheer for the players from their schools. The tournament lasted for four days. Rose Public School won the 4 x 400-meter relay race. The team from PRG Sr. Sec. school secured the second prize. Our host team proudly won the first prize in both the High Jump and Long Jump events. It was a successful event encouraging sportsmanship.
In simple words: A report about a district athletics tournament held at a school. It mentions who attended, who participated, and which schools won in different events like relay, high jump, and long jump.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a report, include key details like "who, what, where, when, why." Use formal language and present facts clearly, often in chronological order.

Question. Prepare an application for the post of Cashier including a bio-data.
Answer:
5, Radha Niwas
Anand Vihar
Udaipur
20 February 20-

The Manager Personnel
HDFC Bank
Udaipur

Subject: Application for the post of Cashier.
Sir,
With reference to your advertisement published in the Times of India dated 15 February 20- for the post of the cashier, I hereby submit my bio-data for your kind consideration.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully
Prashant Kumar

Bio-data

🎯 Exam Tip: For job applications, always mention the post you are applying for and where you saw the advertisement. Your bio-data should be clear, concise, and easy to read, highlighting relevant skills.

Question 3. Write an article to be published in The Amrit Bazar Patrika on 'Demonetization and its Impact.'
Answer:
Demonetization and its Impact
Demonetization is when a currency note of a specific value is no longer considered legal money. This happened in India on 08 November 2016 when the Government announced that all 500 Rs. and 1000 Rs. bank notes would no longer be valid. The Government then replaced the old 500 Rs. notes with newer ones and stopped the 1000 Rs. notes completely. The main goal of this action was to stop black money, corruption, and fake currency. The government believed that about 1.40 lakh crores of black money became invalid because of this move. People who hoarded black money faced many problems. Old ways of keeping money at home ended, and now most Indians deposit their money in banks. This change is expected to make India's economy stronger and help our country become a superpower in the future.
In simple words: This article explains demonetization in India, which made old 500 Rs. and 1000 Rs. notes invalid. The main aim was to fight black money and corruption, leading people to put money in banks and hopefully making the economy stronger.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing an article, start with a clear title and an introduction that grabs attention. Provide facts and details in the main body, and conclude with a summary or a forward-looking statement.