RBSE Solutions Class 12 English Prudence Poetry Chapter 5 The Human Abstract

RBSE Class 12 English Prudence Poetry Chapter 5 Textual Questions

1. Choose the Correct Alternative:

Question (a) 'If we did not make somebody poor;' what will not be left then:
(i) pity
(ii) love
(iii) distress
(iv) happiness
Answer: (i) pity
In simple words: The poet suggests that if no one was poor, then there would be no reason for people to feel pity. Pity only exists because of others' suffering.

🎯 Exam Tip: In poetry questions, identify the core emotion or concept being discussed to choose the correct option.

Question (c) What are the factors that cause poverty?
(i) injustice
(ii) unemployment
(iii) population
(iv) all of these
Answer: (iv) all of these
In simple words: Poverty is caused by many things working together, like unfairness, not having jobs, and a growing number of people. All these issues combine to create poverty.

🎯 Exam Tip: When given multiple options that contribute to a problem, consider if "all of these" is a comprehensive answer, especially for social issues.

2. Answer the Following Questions in 15-20 Words Each:

Question (a) What does cruelty do?
निर्दयता क्या करती है?
Answer: Cruelty makes people think bad thoughts, like planting a tree of conspiracy in their minds. It tricks people and uses careful baits to harm them.
क्रूरता मानव मस्तिष्क में षडयन्त्र का पेड़ लगाती है। यह मनुष्यों के लिये जाल बिछाती है और सावधानी से चारा डालती है।
In simple words: Cruelty fills human minds with thoughts of plotting and deceiving others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the immediate impact or action described in the poem when answering questions about character traits.

Question (b) What does 'humility take root' mean?
'विनम्रता की जड़े जमाने से क्या अभिप्राय है ?
Answer: When someone feels sorry for the wrong things they have done, their past mistakes are washed away by their tears of regret. At this moment, humility starts to grow in their heart.
जब व्यक्ति अपने किये बुरे कार्यों के लिए पश्चात्ताप करता है तो पश्चाताप के आँसुओं से उसके पाप धुल जाते हैं। तब उसके हृदय में विनम्रता जन्म लेती है।
In simple words: 'Humility takes root' means that true humbleness is born in a person's heart after they sincerely regret their wrong actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: For metaphorical phrases, explain both the literal meaning of the words and their deeper, symbolic meaning in the poem's context.

Question (c) 'Soon spreads the dismal shade of mystery over his head'. What does 'Mystery' here refer to, and why is the shade of the tree of mystery called the thickest?
Answer: In the poem, 'The Human Abstract', 'Mystery' stands for the hidden parts of the tree of conspiracy. Its shade is called the thickest because cruelty can create countless bad habits in a person's mind. These bad habits cause society to fall apart and die, much like caterpillars and flies destroy a tree.
कविता 'The Human Abstract' में रहस्य षड्यन्त्र के पेड़ की पत्तियों का प्रतीक है। इसकी छाया को सबसे घना कहा गया है क्योंकि असंख्य बुराईयाँ हैं जिन्हें क्रूरता मनुष्य के मस्तिष्क में पैदा कर सकती है। यह बुराई किसी समाज के पतन और मृत्यु का कारण बनती है ठीक वैसे ही जैसे इल्लियाँ और मक्खियाँ पेड़ का करती हैं।
In simple words: 'Mystery' means the unseen parts of a conspiracy. Its shade is thick because cruelty creates many bad qualities in people, which harms society.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question asks for a symbol's meaning, clearly state what it represents and explain why that representation is significant within the poem.

Question (d) What does caterpillar and fly symbolize here?
'caterpillar' तथा 'fly' किसके प्रतीक हैं?
Answer: Caterpillars and flies represent bad qualities like plotting against others and wanting revenge. They are harmful elements in society that cause its breakdown and destruction.
Caterpillar तथा fly षड्यन्त्र, तथा बदले की भावना जैसे दुर्गुणों के प्रतीक हैं। ये असामाजिक कारक हैं। जो किसी समाज के पतन और मृत्यु का कारण होते हैं।
In simple words: Caterpillars and flies symbolize harmful vices such as plotting and revenge, which lead to society's decay.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to animal imagery in poems, as they often carry symbolic weight for human traits or societal issues.

3. Answer the Following Questions in 50 Words Each:

Question (a) How are 'mutual fear and selfish love' related to each other?
पारस्परिक भय और स्वार्थ परक प्रेम एक दूसरे से किस प्रकार सम्बन्धित हैं ?
Answer: Mutual fear leads to selfish love. When people live together, they share a common fear of unexpected problems, which creates a bond between them. However, this bond is not true love; it is a selfish kind of love that benefits only oneself.
पारस्परिक भय स्वार्थपरक प्रेम को जन्म देता है। जब लोग साथ रहते हैं वे अज्ञात विपत्तियों के भय की एक समान भावना से ग्रसित होते हैं जो उनके बीच प्रेम का बन्धन उत्पन्न करता है। परन्तु यह प्रेम सच्चा नहीं होता। यह स्वार्थ परक प्रेम होता है जो व्यक्ति की अपनी भलाई के लिये होता है।
In simple words: When people fear the same things, it can create a bond, but this bond is often driven by self-interest rather than true affection.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between genuine emotions and those born out of negative circumstances, as poets often highlight such contrasts.

Question (b) 'And waters the ground with tears'. Explain.
“और आँसुओं से धरती को गीला कर देता है।” व्याख्या कीजिये।
Answer: The poet uses this phrase to describe a person who has been cruel to others. When this person finally realizes their wrong actions, they feel deep regret and cry tears of sorrow. These tears then lead to the growth of humility within them.
In simple words: This phrase means someone cries a lot due to regret for their past cruel actions, and these tears help humility grow in their heart.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining poetic lines, describe the literal image and then its deeper symbolic meaning within the poem's context.

4. Answer the Following Questions in 100 Words Each:

Question (a) How are these two matched poems ("The Divine Image' and 'The Human Abstract') related to each other in content ? How is human being depicted in 'The Song of Innocence' (The Divine Image) and how is he/she depicted in The Song of Experience (The Human Abstract) ? Do we find both aspects working in an average human being?
ये दोनों समान प्रकार की कविताएँ ('The Divine Image' तथा 'The Human Abstract') विषय-वस्तु में एक-दूसरे से किस प्रकार सम्बन्धित हैं ? निरापद गीत 'The Divine Image' में मानव प्राणी का किस प्रकार का चित्र खींचा गया है तथा अनुभव-गीत 'The Human Abstract' में उसे किस प्रकार चित्रित किया गया है ? क्या हम एक सामान्य मानव में इन दोनों पहलुओं को कार्य करता हुआ पाते हैं ?
Answer: The poem 'The Song of Innocence' (The Divine Image) explores the pure human soul, while 'The Song of Experience' (The Human Abstract) focuses on human behavior. When a soul is full of kindness, pity, peace, and love, a person lives a godly life. However, when evil thoughts take over due to a lack of good qualities, the person becomes surrounded by negative aspects of life. A man is considered good only when there are others who are bad to be compared against. Both good and bad qualities come from a person's mind, showing that both aspects are present in an average human being.
पहली कविता Song of Innocence (The Divine Image) की विषय-वस्तु मानव आत्मा है और दूसरी कविता Song of Experience (The Human Abstract) की विषय-वस्तु मनुष्य का व्यवहार है। जब मानव आत्मा दया, करुणा, शान्ति तथा प्रेम के गुणों से परिपूर्ण होती है, तो वह ईश्वरीय जीवन जीता है। परन्तु जब गुणों के अभाव में बुराईयाँ मनुष्य को अपने नियंत्रण में ले लेती हैं तो
In simple words: 'The Divine Image' shows humans as pure and godly, while 'The Human Abstract' shows them influenced by evils. Both good and bad parts come from the human mind and exist in every person.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing poems, focus on their central themes, character portrayals, and the underlying philosophical messages.

Question (b) कविता के केन्द्रीय भाव का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer: The poem, "The Human Abstract" by William Blake, explores virtues like mercy, pity, peace, and love. The poet examines how these virtues begin and exist in the world. He suggests that goodness exists because there is also evil, and pity exists because of poverty. Mercy comes from sorrow, and peace originates from mutual fear, which allows selfish love to grow. Humility only develops after true regret. The poet concludes that these seemingly good virtues are actually human inventions, found in our minds rather than being natural parts of the world.
विलियम ब्लेक द्वारा रचित कविता, The Human Abstract' दया, करूणा, शान्ति और प्रेम जैसे अच्छे गुणों के विषय में है। कवि इन गुणों की उत्पत्ति और अस्तित्व को ढूँढता है। वह यह विचार रखता है कि संसार में अच्छाई है क्योंकि बुराई है। करूणा है क्योंकि गरीबी है। दया का अस्तित्व है क्योंकि दुःख है। शान्ति की उत्पत्ति पारस्परिक भय से है जो स्वार्थ परक प्रेम को बढ़ावा देता है। पश्चाताप के पश्चात् ही विनम्रता आती है। कवि का निष्कर्ष है कि ये मिथ्या गुण मानव मस्तिष्क में ही पाये जाते हैं।
In simple words: This poem, 'The Human Abstract', shows that virtues like mercy and pity are not natural but grow from human faults like poverty and fear. The poet says these good qualities are made by our minds, not found in nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: For central theme questions, identify the main idea the poet is trying to convey about humanity, society, or nature, and provide examples from the poem.

RBSE Class 12 English Prudence Poetry Chapter 5 Additional Questions

RBSE Class 12 English Prudence Poetry Chapter 5 Short Answer Type Questions

Answer the Following Questions in About 50 Words Each:

Question 1. What are the factors that cause poverty?
कौन-कौन से गुणक गरीबी के कारण ?
Answer: Humans often want to get more and more material things for themselves. In this constant pursuit, some people are left behind. The main reasons for poverty include harsh rule (tyranny), unfairness (injustice), bad behavior, lack of jobs (unemployment), social biases (prejudices), too many people (overpopulation), and other societal problems.
हम मनुष्यों की स्वयं के लिए अधिकाधिक भौतिक सुख-सुविधाएँ अर्जित करने की प्रवृत्ति होती है। इस दौड़ में कुछ लोग पीछे छूट जाते हैं। अत्याचार, अन्याय, असामान्य व्यवहार, बेरोजगारी, सामाजिक पूर्वाग्रह, जनसंख्या वृद्धि और अन्य बुराईयाँ ऐसे गुणक हैं जो गरीबी के कारण हैं।
In simple words: Poverty is caused by our desire for material things, leaving some behind, along with injustice, unemployment, population growth, and social evils.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing causes, ensure you cover a range of factors (social, economic, behavioral) if the question is broad.

Question 3. What does the title "The Human Abstract" refer to ?
शीर्षक "The Human Abstract” क्या संकेत करता है ?
Answer: The title "The Human Abstract" points to the hidden bad qualities within people. These vices include plotting, pride, cheating, revenge, lawlessness, greed, and a lack of kindness. The title tells us that all the bad things in this world come from humans themselves, and people often do not care about others who are less fortunate.
यह शीर्षक "The Human Abstract” मानव व्यक्तित्व में अदृश्य रूप से छिपी बुराईयों (अवगुणों) की ओर संकेत करता है। ये अवगुण हैं – षड्यंत्र, अहंकार, छल, प्रतिशोध, स्वच्छन्दता, लालच, उदारता की कमी इत्यादि। यह इस तथ्य की ओर संकेत करता है कि इस संसार में समस्त बुराईयाँ मनुष्यों द्वारा लायी गयी है। अपने कमजोर भाईयों की कुछ परवाह नहीं करते हैं।
In simple words: The title "The Human Abstract" refers to the bad traits like deceit, greed, and revenge hidden within people, showing that humans are the source of evil.

🎯 Exam Tip: When interpreting a title, connect it directly to the poem's themes and what it reveals about human nature or society.

Question 4. Which are God-gifted virtues and which are the gloomy aspects of life?
ईश्वर प्रदत्त गुण कौन-कौन से हैं तथा कौन-कौन से जीवन के अन्धकारमय (खिन्न) पहलू हैं ?
Answer: God-given good qualities are mercy, pity, peace, and love. The sad parts of life are cruelty, mystery, plotting, cheating, revenge, and pride. God-given virtues help a person live a good life and can make the world feel like heaven. However, the gloomy parts of life keep people stuck in a sinful way of living.
ईश्वर प्रदत्त गुण हैं – दया, करुणा, शान्ति तथा प्रेम। जीवन के अन्धकारमय पहलू हैं – क्रूरता, रहस्य, षड्यंत्र, छल, प्रतिशोध और अहंकार। ईश्वर-प्रदत्त गुण व्यक्ति के जीवन को ईश्वरमय बना देते हैं और पृथ्वी को एक स्वर्ग-सदृश स्थान बनाने की सामर्थ्य रखते हैं। जीवन के अन्धकारमय पहलू लोगों को एक पापपूर्ण जीवन में उलझाये रखते हैं।
In simple words: God gives us mercy, pity, peace, and love. The gloomy parts of life are cruelty, mystery, plotting, and revenge. Virtues lead to a good life, while gloomy aspects lead to sin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly categorize and list the virtues and vices mentioned, ensuring you explain their general impact on life.

Question 5. what is humility ?
Answer: Humility is like a valuable decoration for a person's character. With this feeling, a person becomes free from pride. This allows them to serve humanity with their full ability. The love parents show their children also appears as humility. It is a feeling of not thinking oneself better than others.
विनम्रता व्यक्तित्व का एक आभूषण है। इस भावना में व्यक्ति अहं के भाव से मुक्त होता है। इस भावना के कारण व्यक्ति अपनी पूर्ण क्षमता से मानवता की सेवा करने को तत्पर रहता है। माता-पिता को अपने बच्चों के प्रति प्यार विनम्रता के रूप में दिखाई देता है। यह स्वयं को दूसरों से श्रेष्ठ नहीं समझने की भावना है।
In simple words: Humility is a humble quality where a person feels free from pride and is ready to serve others, seeing themselves as equal to everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define abstract concepts clearly and provide examples or characteristics that illustrate their meaning.

Question 6. What do you understand by conspiracy?
षड्यंत्र से आप क्या समझते हैं ?
Answer: Conspiracy means making secret plans to harm others. These plans are formed in hiding and carried out in a way that hurts the person involved. Conspiracy is a fearful, hateful, and dishonest act. It is a tool used by cowards. People who engage in such activities are very dangerous for society.
षड्यन्त्र को अभिप्राय दूसरों को नुकसान पहुँचाने वाली योजनाएँ बनाने से है। ये योजनाएँ छुपकर बनाई जाती हैं और इस प्रकार क्रियान्वित की जाती हैं कि वे सम्बन्धित व्यक्ति को नुकसान पहुँचाती हैं। षड्यंत्र कायरतापूर्ण, घृणित एवं छलयुक्त कार्य है। यह तरीका कायर लोगों द्वारा प्रयुक्त किया जाता है। इस प्रवृत्ति के लोग समाज के लिए सबसे ज्यादा खतरनाक होते हैं।
In simple words: Conspiracy is a secret, harmful plan made to hurt others. It's a dishonest and cowardly act that poses a great danger to society.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining a negative concept, include its characteristics, motives, and impact on individuals or society.

RBSE Class 12 English Prudence Poetry Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

Answer the Following Questions in About 100 Words Each:

Question 1. Does diversity of religion change or distort the scope of human form ?
क्या धर्म की विविधता मानव रूप के क्षेत्र को परिवर्तित या विकृत कर देती है ?
Answer: The variety of religions does not change or harm the true nature of human beings. In fact, religion plays a very important role in helping a person develop their personality in a good way. All religions are simply different paths to achieve the main goal of humanity. Every religion supports human dignity and protects mankind. A religion that leads to violence and hatred is not a true religion. The idea of religion comes from self-awareness or knowledge of the divine. Religions are like character-building courses and never stand in the way of God-given good qualities like mercy, pity, peace, and love. Actually, love itself is considered divine.
अनेकता मानव रूप के क्षेत्र को परिवर्तित नहीं करती। वास्तव में धर्म व्यक्ति के व्यक्तित्व को सही दिशा में आकार देने में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। सभी धर्म मानवता के उद्देश्य तक पहुँचने के साधन मात्र हैं। प्रत्येक धर्म मानववाद की वकालत (पक्ष लेना) करता है
In simple words: The diversity of religions does not alter human nature. Religion helps shape personality towards good, advocating humanism. True religion never hinders virtues like love and mercy, as love itself is divine.

🎯 Exam Tip: For philosophical questions, state your stance clearly and support it with reasoning about the true purpose and impact of the concept (e.g., religion).

Question 2. "Some little things can prevent extinction of humility and the trend of its conversion into conspiracy.” What is your opinion about this statement ?
'कुछ छोटी-छोटी बातें विनम्रता को नष्ट होने से तथा इसके षड्यंत्र में परिवर्तित होने की प्रवृत्ति को रोक सकती हैं।” इस कथन के बारे में आपकी क्या राय है ?
Answer: Humility is a wonderful quality, but the bad things in the world can make it disappear. Over time, humility can even turn into a conspiracy. Good manners, politeness, respectful words, and sweet speech are things that make our world a better place and bring happiness. To keep humility alive, we should spend a few minutes daily reading ethical books. Also, we should make it a habit to perform at least one kind act of kindness every day. We need to develop teamwork and selfless love in our lives.
विनम्रता व्यक्तित्व का आभूषण है। परन्तु संसार की बुराईयाँ इसे समाप्त करने को प्रवृत्त रहती हैं। समय बीतने के साथ-साथ इसके षडयन्त्र में बदलने की भी सम्भावना रहती है। अच्छा आचरण, शालीनता, शिष्टता, मीठे बोल, आदर सहित शब्दों का उच्चारण आदि बातें इस पृथ्वी को स्वर्ग बनाती हैं और प्रसन्नता सुनिश्चित करती हैं। विनम्रता की सुरक्षा के लिए हमें प्रतिदिन कुछ समय के लिए नीति सम्बन्धी पुस्तकें पढ़नी चाहिए। इसके अलावा रोजाना एक उदारता का कार्य करने की आदत भी डालनी चाहिए। हमें अपने जीवन में सहयोग और निस्वार्थ प्रेम के गुण विकसित करने चाहिए।
In simple words: It is true that small actions can protect humility. Good manners, ethical reading, and daily acts of kindness can prevent humility from disappearing or turning into harmful plots. We should foster cooperation and selfless love in our lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for an opinion on a statement, first state whether you agree or disagree, then provide detailed explanations and practical examples to support your view.