RBSE Solutions Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Causes of the Rise of National Movement

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Textual Questions

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Very Short Answer type Questions

 

Question 1. Who described Swami Dayanand Saraswati as the Hero of the Gita?
Answer: Roman Roland.
In simple words: Roman Roland called Swami Dayanand Saraswati the "Hero of the Gita."

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key figures and their notable descriptions or titles, as these are often tested.

 

Question 2. Who was the founder of Arya Samaj?
Answer: Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
In simple words: Swami Dayanand Saraswati started the Arya Samaj movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the founders of important social and religious reform movements.

 

Question 4. When was the railway launched in India?
Answer: The railway system was started in India in 1853.
In simple words: Railways began in India in 1853.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of major developments like the railway system are important to remember for historical context.

 

Question 5. What do you understand by modern modes of communication?
Answer: Modern communication means are ways to send messages very quickly from one person to another. For example, the internet, mobile phones, and satellite communication are all modern modes. These methods make it easy for people to share information fast.
In simple words: Modern communication means sending messages quickly, like with the internet or mobile phones.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining terms, always provide a simple explanation along with clear examples.

 

Question 6. Who introduced the English system of education in India?
Answer: Lord Macaulay.
In simple words: Lord Macaulay brought the English education system to India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key individuals responsible for significant policy changes, especially in education.

 

Question 7. Write the names of four newspapers that played an important role in freedom struggle of India.
Answer: The four newspapers that helped in India's freedom struggle were:

• The Indian Mirror
• The Maratha
• The Kesari
• The Hindu

In simple words: Newspapers like The Indian Mirror, The Maratha, The Kesari, and The Hindu were important for the freedom struggle.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific examples when asked, ensuring all required numbers of items (e.g., four newspapers) are included.

 

Question 8. When was the first battle of independence of the national movement fought?
Answer: It was fought in 1857.
In simple words: The first fight for independence happened in 1857.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 is considered a pivotal event in India's freedom struggle.

 

Question 9. Mention the various phases of the national movement for freedom.
Answer: One of the important phases of the national movement for freedom was:

• The age of the revolutionary movement.

In simple words: The time when people used revolutionary actions was a phase of the national movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise when mentioning specific phases or periods of historical movements.

 

Question 10. What is the first phase of national movement of freedom called?
Answer: It is called the Liberal phase.
In simple words: The first stage of the freedom movement was known as the Liberal phase.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the names and characteristics of different phases within historical movements.

 

Question 11. What is meant by extremist age of national movement?
Answer: The second stage of India's national movement, starting from 1906, is known as the extremist phase. During this time, leaders used stronger methods to achieve freedom.
In simple words: The extremist age of the national movement refers to the period from 1906 when the movement became more assertive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the 'Liberal' and 'Extremist' phases based on their goals and methods.

 

Question 12. What was the elementary goal of the liberals?
Answer: The main aim of the liberals was to make changes in the British government's way of working and to allow Indians to take part as much as possible in running the administration.
In simple words: Liberals wanted to reform British rule and get more Indians involved in government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core objectives of different groups or ideologies within the national movement.

 

Question 13. What was the goal of the extremists?
Answer: The goal of the extremists was to achieve complete freedom for India.
In simple words: Extremists aimed for full independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the clear difference in goals between liberals (reforms) and extremists (complete freedom).

 

Question 14. By which name is the last phase of the national movement known?
Answer: The last phase of the national movement is known as the combined phase of the revolutionary and Gandhian movements. This period saw both violent struggles and peaceful protests.
In simple words: The final stage combined revolutionary and Gandhian efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the different methods and leaders associated with each phase of the freedom movement.

 

Question 15. Write any two causes of the national movement.
Answer: Two important causes that led to the national movement were:

• The British government's expansionist policies, which aimed to control more of India.
• The cruel and unfair rule of the British on the Indian people.

In simple words: The national movement started because of British expansion and their harsh rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always list specific and distinct reasons when asked for multiple causes of an event.

 

Question 1. What do you understand by national awakening in India?
Answer: National awakening in India refers to the time when people across India started feeling a sense of unity and shared identity. Before the mid-18th century, social, cultural, political, and economic problems were growing. Things like old beliefs, unfair treatment based on race, too much British power, and a lack of unity among Indians were hurting society. To fix this, common people and social workers began working for the welfare of society and to keep the country united and strong. All these efforts led to India's national awakening, making people aware of their common interests and need for freedom.
In simple words: National awakening in India means when Indians started feeling united and became aware of their shared culture and problems under British rule, leading them to work for a better future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define "national awakening" by explaining the conditions that led to it and the resulting change in people's mindset.

 

Question 2. What were political causes of national movement in India?
Answer: The main political reasons for the rise of the national movement in India were:

• The British government's policy of always trying to expand its control.
• The harsh and cruel rule of the British over Indians.

This movement was a response to the unfair British rulers and the desire to escape their slavery. Indians were not given high positions in the army or government and faced racial discrimination. After the revolt of 1857, Indians were insulted and treated cruelly, and laws were made to keep them unequal. The Vernacular Press Act was used to control Indian newspapers, and lands were taken from Indian landlords. People faced very high taxes, and Indians had to get licenses to make weapons. All these reasons caused deep anger among Indians against British rule, which then turned into a national movement.
In simple words: The national movement grew because of Britain's expanding control and harsh rule. Indians felt angry due to unfair treatment, lack of high posts, racial bias, high taxes, and laws that restricted them, pushing them to fight for freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Separate political causes into specific points like expansionist policies, oppressive rule, discrimination, and restrictive laws for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 3. What is the meaning of the national movement?
Answer: The national movement in India was a countrywide effort by Indians to get rid of the harsh and unfair British rule. It was a peaceful and revolutionary movement that involved people from all religions. It wasn't just about politics; it also covered the social and economic problems of Indian life. This movement was not started by one political party or a special group, but became a mass movement. It rose as a reaction against the British government's desire to expand its control and the cruelty it showed towards Indians.
In simple words: The national movement was a big, united effort by all Indians to end the British government's cruel rule and achieve freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining the national movement, highlight its widespread nature, its goals beyond politics, and its origins as a reaction to British policies.

 

Question 4. What do you understand by the Arya Samaj?
Answer: Swami Dayanand Saraswati started the Arya Samaj on April 10, 1875. He strongly emphasized the word 'Swaraj' (self-rule). The Arya Samaj movement became very important for the whole nation. Its main principles were:
1. To always stick to the truth and give up false beliefs.
2. To remove ignorance and encourage learning.
3. To disagree with the old beliefs and ideas of the Puranas and the idea of rebirth.
4. To support education for women and allow widows to remarry.
5. To believe that God is all-powerful, has no shape, and lives forever.
6. To treat everyone with kindness and respect all religions.
7. To help spread and teach Hindi and Sanskrit languages.
8. To work for one's own good by doing good for others, and to grow by helping others grow.
In simple words: The Arya Samaj was a movement started by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 that focused on self-rule, truth, learning, women's rights, and monotheism, becoming a national force for reform.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing a social reform movement, always mention its founder, establishment date, and at least 3-4 key principles.

 

Question 5. Write a brief note on the social and religious reform movement in India.
Answer: In the 19th century, many social and religious movements began in India. These movements aimed to remove bad customs from Indian society and religious practices. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj, Swami Dayanand Saraswati started the Arya Samaj, Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission, and Smt. Annie Besant started the Theosophical Society.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy stressed the importance of modern education to end social evils. Swami Dayanand Saraswati helped awaken the nation through the Arya Samaj, highlighting the need to use locally made goods and promoting national self-reliance.
In simple words: In the 19th century, leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda, and Annie Besant started movements to remove social evils, reform religions, and promote education and nationalism in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For notes on movements, always include key leaders, their respective organizations, and the main aims of their work.

 

Question 6. How did the British administration contribute to the national movement in India?
Answer: To strengthen their rule and take economic advantage of India, the British government used modern methods in politics, military, economy, and education. They made English the language for education. Even though the British wanted to control Indian minds through English, it became a common language that connected Indians across the country. Through English, Indians learned about nationalism and freedom. As transport and communication improved, Indians came into contact with each other, which helped nationalism grow. The printing press also helped spread ideas, making newspapers a reflection of Indian nationalism.
In simple words: The British, by introducing English education and improving transport, unintentionally helped unite Indians and spread ideas of nationalism, contributing to the national movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze how British policies, even those intended for control, sometimes had unintended positive consequences for Indian nationalism.

 

Question 7. How did the means of transportation and communication affect the national movement?
Answer: The British government developed a network of transportation and communication to help their administration, military protection, economic growth, and trade. Roads connected different provinces and villages to big cities, while railways linked various parts of the country, uniting it as one unit. The use of electrical wires and the postal system also connected different parts of India. People could send international letters cheaply and send newspapers and parcels across the country at minimal cost. These changes greatly affected the social, educational, political, and intellectual life of the nation. Nationalistic literature could be sent everywhere through post offices, even though these facilities were first created for British convenience.
In simple words: British-built roads, railways, and postal services, meant for their own benefit, actually helped unite Indians, spread nationalistic ideas, and boosted the freedom movement by connecting people and information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the dual impact of British infrastructure development — intended for colonial control but also fostering national unity and communication among Indians.

 

Question 8. Describe the contribution of modern educational system to the national movement.
Answer: In 1835, following Lord Macaulay's suggestion, the British government started teaching through English. Their goal was to create a group of Indians who looked Indian but thought like Englishmen, thereby controlling their minds. To some extent, they succeeded as educated Indians started to dislike their own culture and adopt Western ways. This had a negative impact on Indians initially.
However, Western education also had positive effects. Learning English helped Indian scholars study Western books, which were full of ideas about freedom. Leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dadabhai Naoroji, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who were products of this education, emerged. This knowledge made Indians unhappy with the political situation and increased their demand for reforms, fueling the national movement.
In simple words: Modern English education, introduced by the British to control Indian minds, actually helped the national movement. It exposed Indians to ideas of freedom from Western literature, leading to the rise of influential Indian leaders who demanded reforms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight both the intended negative impact (cultural subjugation) and the unintended positive consequence (awakening of nationalistic thought) of the English education system.

 

Question 9. Why was the Brahmo Samaj founded?
Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj on August 28, 1828. He started it to bring back India's old culture, stop Christianity from spreading in India, and get rid of social problems. The Brahmo Samaj was mainly based on the teachings of the Vedas and Upanishads. Its main principles were:
1. God is one, the creator and protector of the universe, infinite and formless.
2. God should be worshipped without any community's religious rituals.
3. Freedom from the cycle of birth and death is achieved by making up for bad deeds and giving up evil habits.
4. The soul is eternal and answerable to God.
5. Prayers are important to uplift the soul.
In simple words: Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the Brahmo Samaj to revive Indian culture, prevent the spread of Christianity, and remove social evils, basing its principles on ancient Indian texts.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the founding of a reform movement, always include the founder, date, and key objectives, along with its philosophical basis.

 

Question 10. How did the newspapers contribute to the national movement?
Answer: Newspapers played a very important role in making the national movement stronger. Nationalists always found inspiration and encouragement from newspapers. Papers like The Indian Mirror, The Bengali, The Hindu, The Patriot, The Maratha, The Bombay Chronicle, and The Kesari were important newspapers of that time. These newspapers showed the unfair policies of the British government. They became a mirror of Indian nationalism and a strong way to teach the Indian public about social, political, and spiritual matters.
In simple words: Newspapers like The Indian Mirror and The Kesari were crucial for the national movement because they inspired nationalists, exposed British injustice, and educated the public on social and political issues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the role of the press as a tool for public awareness, inspiration, and exposing colonial injustices during the national movement.

 

Question 11. Describe the role played by the middle-class people in national movement.
Answer: Middle-class people played a significant role in the national movement. This group followed the teachings of the Congress and got government jobs. Because they were closer to the administration, they moved ahead of others. This group was a small but active part of Indian society, having a common goal and a sense of hope. This middle class became the new spirit of India, creating new energy and power across the country. It inspired patriotism among the public and made the world aware of British oppression, suggesting ways to get rid of the British government. This part of Indian society led the national movement in many ways.
In simple words: The middle class was vital to the national movement. They adopted Congress's ideas, gained administrative roles, and used their unity and education to spread patriotism and lead the fight against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how the middle class's education, administrative proximity, and unity made them key drivers of intellectual and political awakening.

 

Question 12. How did the historical research work affect the national movement?
Answer: Historical research greatly impacted the national movement. When foreign historians like Sir William Jones, Monier-Williams, Max Muller, Rauth, and Sassoon studied ancient Indian history, Indians learned a lot about their culture and traditions. Archaeologists, through their excavations, showed the greatness and pride of India, proving that its civilization was just as good as Roman and other great civilizations. This made Indians feel proud and confident in their heritage, fueling their desire for independence.
In simple words: Historical research by foreign scholars revealed India's rich culture and great past. This made Indians proud of their heritage, which boosted their confidence and strengthened the national movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain how rediscovering India's glorious past, often through foreign research, instilled national pride and challenged colonial narratives of inferiority.

 

Question 13. What was the influence of the contemporary European movements on Indian national movement?
Answer: The national movement in India was greatly influenced by current European movements. The French Revolution sparked feelings of nationalism among Indians. The independence struggles of Italy and Greece inspired Indians to fight for their own freedom. Nationalist movements in Germany, Romania, and Serbia also encouraged India's national resurgence. The passing of the reform bill in England and the American freedom struggle further motivated Indians to demand their rights and freedom.
In simple words: European movements like the French Revolution and freedom struggles in Italy, Greece, America, and other countries inspired Indians to seek independence and fight for their own rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific European historical events (e.g., French Revolution, Italian unification) to their inspirational impact on Indian nationalism.

 

Question 14. How did racial discrimination incite Indians?
Answer: The British treated Indians with racial discrimination, which made Indians unite as a nation. This unfair treatment caused angry reactions among Indians, giving birth to Indian nationalism. After the revolt of 1857, the rivalry between Indians and Britishers grew much more. The law did not treat Britishers and Indians equally. This way, racial discrimination created deep anger among Indians against the British government.
In simple words: Racial discrimination by the British angered Indians, making them feel united and strengthening nationalism. Unequal laws and treatment, especially after 1857, fueled deep resentment against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how racial discrimination, intended to assert superiority, instead became a powerful unifying force for Indians against the British.

 

Question 15. Explain the impact of the freedom struggle of 1857 on Indian national movement.
Answer: The freedom struggle of 1857 was the first step towards national awakening in India. In this fight for freedom, Indian rulers from various states, the military, and common Indian citizens all worked together enthusiastically. Although the 1857 fight for freedom was not a huge success, the British government crushed this uprising with extreme cruelty. This only increased the anger and unhappiness among Indians against the British government even more, laying the groundwork for future national movements.
In simple words: The 1857 revolt was the first major national awakening, uniting many Indians. Even though it failed, the brutal British response intensified Indian resentment and fueled the later national movement for independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize 1857 not as the end, but as a crucial beginning that exposed British brutality and unified Indian sentiment for future struggles.

 

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Essay Type Questions

 

Question 1. Describe the chief characteristics of the Indian National Movement.
Answer: The chief characteristics of the Indian National Movement are:
1. **Long period:** The Indian National Movement lasted for a very long time. It began in the mid-18th century, but the actual fight for independence started in 1857. With the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885, the movement changed its forms and finally ended on August 15, 1947.
2. **A revolutionary but peaceful movement:** During the Indian national movement, some extremists used revolutionary methods. However, under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership, peaceful methods like truth, non-violence, and civil disobedience were also widely adopted.
3. **Constitutional development:** Alongside the national movement, work on constitutional development also happened in India. Important Acts like the Indian Council Act of 1861, 1892, 1909, 1919, and 1935, and the India Government Acts led to responsible government. Finally, in 1947, India gained freedom under the Indian Independence Act.
4. **Mass Public movement:** The Indian National Movement was initially started by educated Indians. But later, it became a movement involving many people. Even farmers and laborers actively participated. In this way, it turned into a broad mass movement.
5. **Religious movement:** Religious reform movements also played a big role in the national movement. Swami Dayanand (through Arya Samaj), Raja Ram Mohan Roy (through Brahmo Samaj), Swami Vivekananda (through Ramakrishna Mission), and Annie Besant (through the Theosophical Society) inspired people towards religion and the national movement. They worked to remove social evils.
6. **Social and economic movement:** The Indian national movement was not just political. It also included social and economic aspects. Mahatma Gandhi began campaigns against social evils and economic inequality.
7. **Global influence of Indian National Movement:** The events and developments of the Indian National Movement had an impact worldwide. Inspired by India's freedom struggle, countries like Burma, Indonesia, and various African nations also started their own fights for independence.
8. **National form of the movement:** In the Indian national movement, people from all religions, women, students, farmers, and laborers actively participated. All groups—social, religious, and political—came together to oppose British rule.

The "Phases of National Movement":
1. **The first phase:** This phase started in the mid-19th century and lasted until 1905. In this period, peaceful and cooperative methods were used to gain freedom. This is known as the liberal phase of the Indian National Movement.
2. **The second phase:** This phase began in 1906 and was known as the period of the extremists. During this time, some incidents in the liberal phase made Indians very angry at the British. They lost faith in British justice and believed that self-rule could not be achieved by asking, but by struggling. This path of gaining freedom through strong struggle is called "Aggressive Nationalism" or the "extremist movement."
3. **The third phase:** This phase started after 1922. It is also known as the united phase of revolutionaries and the Gandhian movement. During this time, revolutionary activities happened alongside Gandhian efforts.
In simple words: The Indian National Movement was a long, widespread struggle that used both peaceful and revolutionary methods. It involved social, economic, and constitutional changes, drew inspiration from global movements, and saw active participation from all sections of society, progressing through liberal, extremist, and Gandhian phases.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing characteristics and phases, use clear headings and bullet points to organize your answer. Ensure you explain the defining features of each phase.

 

Question 4. Clearly explain the roles of the liberals, the extremists, the revolutionaries and Gandhian movement in Indian National Movement.
Answer: **The role and goal of the liberals in National Movement of India:**
The period from 1885 to 1905 is known as the liberal age of the Indian National Movement. Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Ranade, Ferozeshah Mehta, Surendranath Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya believed that the British rule contributed to the development of education and communication. They avoided confrontation with the British government, did not believe in violence, and did not adopt revolutionary means. They thought that pressuring the British with force would make them cruel. Their goal was to establish self-rule, meaning Indians would govern themselves under British control.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each group, clearly state their period, key leaders, main objectives (e.g., self-rule under British domain), and methods (e.g., peaceful pressure, no violence).

 

Question 3. Who founded the Theosophical Society?
(a) Swami Vivekananda
(b) Annie Besant
(c) Roman Roland
(d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: (b) Annie Besant
In simple words: Annie Besant founded the Theosophical Society. This group focused on studying ancient religions and philosophies, promoting universal brotherhood, and understanding the hidden powers of nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key founders and their movements for historical context. Annie Besant played a significant role in India, especially in education and the Home Rule Movement.

 

Question 4. The major reason of the beginning of Indian National Movement was :
(a) Social and cultural renaissance
(b) Political unity of India
(c) Influence of western education
(d) All these
Answer: (d) All these
In simple words: The Indian National Movement started because of many things happening at once. These included a social and cultural reawakening, India becoming politically united, and new ideas coming from western education. All these factors together helped the movement begin.

🎯 Exam Tip: When multiple factors are listed as potential causes, consider if any one factor could encompass the others or if "All of these" is the most comprehensive answer. Here, it is a combination.

 

Question 5. On whose suggestion education in India was started to be imparted through English medium :
(a) Lord Macaulay
(b) Lord Clive
(c) Addison Arnold
(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Answer: (a) Lord Macaulay
In simple words: Lord Macaulay suggested that English should be the language for education in India. This decision had a huge impact on how education was taught in the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Lord Macaulay is a key figure in the history of English education in India. Remembering his name will help with questions about educational reforms during the British rule.

 

Question 6. When was the freedom struggle of 1857 fought?
(a) In 1885
(b) In 1906
(c) In 1919
(d) In 1946
Answer: (a) In 1857
In simple words: The freedom struggle of 1857 happened in the year 1857. It was an important uprising against British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: The year 1857 is crucial in Indian history as it marks the beginning of a major widespread rebellion against British rule, often considered the 'First War of Indian Independence'.

 

Question 7. Freedom movement conducted by Mahatma Gandhi was:
(a) Non - cooperation movement
(b) Satyagraha movement
(c) Quit India movement
(d) All these
Answer: (d) All these
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi led many freedom movements, including the Non-Cooperation movement, Satyagraha, and the Quit India movement. He used peaceful ways to fight for India's independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mahatma Gandhi initiated several significant movements. Knowing the names of his major movements like Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience (Satyagraha), and Quit India is essential for understanding his role in the freedom struggle.

 

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. How did the national movement originate and develop in our country?
Answer: In India, the national movement started and grew because of imperialism. Imperialism means when one country extends its power over another. The actions of the British rulers led to a strong desire for freedom among Indians.
In simple words: The national movement in India started and grew because of the British ruling over India.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the origin of movements, focus on the primary driving force. Here, British imperialism was the key factor that sparked the national movement.

 

Question 2. What is the time period of national movement?
Answer: The time period of the national movement was from 1857 to 15th August 1947. This period covers the major struggles and events leading to India's independence.
In simple words: The national movement in India lasted from 1857 until India became free on August 15, 1947.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is important to know the key dates that define the start and end of significant historical periods, such as the Indian National Movement.

 

Question 3. Write any two reasons of the origin of national movement.
Answer:
- Social and cultural renaissance
- Influence of western education.
These two factors played a big role in making Indians aware and eager for change. A renaissance is a rebirth of interest in art, science, and learning.
In simple words: Two main reasons for the national movement starting were a new interest in Indian culture and ideas, and the impact of English education.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for "any two" reasons, provide distinct and important points. Social reforms and the impact of education are significant aspects of India's awakening.

 

Question 4. Name any two social organisations which co-operated in social and cultural renaissance in India.
Answer: The two social organizations that helped with the social and cultural reawakening in India were the Arya Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj. These groups worked to reform society and revive Indian culture.
In simple words: Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj were two groups that helped bring new life to India's society and culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be sure to name specific organizations or individuals when the question asks for examples. Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj are prominent examples in this context.

 

Question 5. How did the Arya Samaj Movement take a national character?
Answer: The Arya Samaj movement gained a national character because Swami Dayanand Saraswati strongly emphasized the word 'Swaraj', which means self-rule or independence. This idea of self-rule resonated with many Indians and contributed to a wider nationalistic feeling.
In simple words: The Arya Samaj became a national movement because its leader, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, promoted the idea of 'Swaraj' (self-rule), which appealed to many people across India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connecting movements to key concepts like 'Swaraj' and explaining how leaders like Swami Dayanand Saraswati popularized them helps demonstrate understanding of their national impact.

 

Question 6. Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?
Answer: Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission. This mission aimed to spread spiritual teachings and provide social service, inspired by his guru Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda started the Ramakrishna Mission.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the founders of important religious and social reform organizations is key. Swami Vivekananda is a notable figure for his contributions to spiritual awakening and social work in India.

 

Question 7. What were Swami Vivekananda's thoughts about India?
Answer: Swami Vivekananda believed that India would once again achieve greatness and lead the world. He envisioned a strong, spiritually awakened India that would contribute significantly to global progress.
In simple words: Swami Vivekananda thought India would become a global leader again.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a historical figure's thoughts, summarize their core ideals or predictions. Vivekananda's vision for India's future is a key aspect of his philosophy.

 

Question 8. Who founded the Theosophical Society in India?
Answer: Annie Besant founded the Theosophical Society in India. She played a crucial role in promoting its teachings and social reforms within the country.
In simple words: Annie Besant started the Theosophical Society in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: While the Theosophical Society had international origins, Annie Besant's leadership made it very influential in India. Distinguish between global founders and those who established its presence in India.

 

Question 9. Which was the biggest means to connect India during the British regime?
Answer: The railways were the biggest means to connect India during the British regime. They facilitated movement of goods, people, and information across long distances.
In simple words: Railways were the most important way to connect different parts of India during British rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify infrastructure developments that had a major impact. Railways were crucial for both British administration and for connecting Indians, indirectly aiding the national movement.

 

Question 10. On whose suggestion and when did the British government start education through English medium in India?
Answer: The British government started education through English medium in India in 1835, following the suggestion of Lord Macaulay. This marked a significant change in India's educational system.
In simple words: English education started in India in 1835 because Lord Macaulay suggested it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates and key figures are important for historical questions. The year 1835 and Lord Macaulay are central to understanding the introduction of English education in India.

 

Question 11. What was the goal of the British in providing English education to the Indians?
Answer: The British aimed to create a class of Indians who were "Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect." They hoped this class would serve as intermediaries between the British and the vast Indian population.
In simple words: The British wanted to create a group of Indians who looked Indian but thought and acted like Englishmen, to help them rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the dual purpose of British policies. While English education had some positive long-term effects for Indians, the initial British intent was self-serving and aimed at solidifying their control.

 

Question 13. Name two thinkers who said that English education was good for India.
Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dadabhai Naoroji were two thinkers who believed that English education could be beneficial for India. They saw it as a way to access modern knowledge and ideas.
In simple words: Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dadabhai Naoroji thought English education would be good for India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that while British motives for English education were complex, some Indian leaders also supported it for different reasons, such as accessing modern knowledge and challenging traditional societal norms.

 

Question 14. What was the main goal of British economic policy in India?
Answer: The main goal of British economic policy in India was to buy raw materials cheaply from India and then sell finished goods back to India at high prices, turning India into a valuable market for British products. This created profits for Britain at India's expense.
In simple words: The British wanted to buy cheap raw materials from India and sell expensive finished products back to India, making India a market for their goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core of British economic policy in India was exploitation: to extract resources and create markets for their industrial output, which led to India's economic drain.

 

Question 15. Which was the most important phase in India regarding national awakening?
Answer: The freedom struggle of 1857 was the most important phase in India regarding national awakening. It was a significant uprising that brought widespread awareness and a sense of unity among Indians against British rule.
In simple words: The 1857 freedom struggle was the most important time for India's national awakening.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 1857 revolt, though unsuccessful in achieving independence, is considered a pivotal moment that sparked a deeper sense of national identity and resistance against colonial rule.

 

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. How did the economic exploitation of Indians inspire them to launch Indian National Movement? or The British policy of economic exploitation of Indians played important role in the emergence of Indian National Movement. Explain.
Answer: The British government's policy of economic exploitation created deep resentment among Indians and served as a major reason for the national movement. Indians felt exploited because the British controlled valuable resources like steel, leather, and sugar, and imposed policies that benefited Britain at India's expense. This widespread unhappiness motivated Indians to actively participate in the national movement, as they realized freedom was essential for their economic well-being.
In simple words: The British took India's resources and sold goods back at high prices, making Indians poor. This unfair economic system made people angry and pushed them to start the national movement to gain freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing economic causes, focus on how British policies directly led to the impoverishment of Indians and the destruction of local industries, fueling discontent and a desire for self-rule.

 

Question 2. Why did the British rulers want to spread education through the medium of English? or What was the British government's objective behind making English language the medium of imparting education in India? Why did they succeed in achieving their goal?
Answer: The British rulers wanted to spread education through English to destroy Indian civilization, culture, and national feelings. They aimed to create a group of Indians who were loyal to British ways, being Indian in looks but English in their thoughts and behavior. They largely succeeded because many educated Indians started to look down on their own culture and values, adopting Western lifestyles instead. This was part of a broader strategy to control the minds of Indians.
In simple words: The British taught English to break Indian culture and create Indians who thought like them. They mostly succeeded as many Indians began to prefer Western ways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the British introduced English education primarily for administrative convenience and to create a class of loyal subjects, rather than for the sole benefit of Indians. This colonial perspective is crucial.

 

Question 3. How can you say that the form of Indian National Movement was national?
Answer: The Indian National Movement truly became national because it lasted for a long time, from 1857 to 15th August 1947, and involved people from all walks of life. People from different castes, religions, and groups, including Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, and Parsis, actively joined the movement. Even women, peasants, and laborers strongly opposed British rule. Students gave up their studies and sacrificed for freedom. All Indians, regardless of their background, united to end British rule through various means, showing it was a movement for the entire nation.
In simple words: The Indian National Movement was national because it involved people from all religions, castes, and groups, including women, students, and workers, all fighting together for freedom across the country for many years.

🎯 Exam Tip: To show a movement was "national," highlight its widespread participation across different social, religious, and economic groups, its long duration, and its unified goal for the entire country.

 

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 13 Essay Type Questions

 

Question 1. Describe in detail the positive and the negative influence of western education on Indians.
Answer: The British government introduced English education with the aim of destroying Indian civilization, culture, and national spirit. In 1835, Lord Macaulay suggested providing Western education through English. The British wanted to create a group of Indians who were Indian in looks but British in behavior, language, and thinking. To a certain extent, the British succeeded in their goal. As English education spread, many Indians began to disregard their own ancient culture and traditions, choosing instead to adopt Western lifestyles. This was a negative effect of Western education on Indians.

However, Western education also had many positive effects, despite its negative aspects. Through English, Indian scholars could study literature from Western countries. Indians learned about the ideas of thinkers like Voltaire, Burke, Herbert Spencer, Rousseau, Mill, and Bentham. Reading about the French Revolution, the American struggle for freedom, and Italy's fight against foreign powers helped develop a sense of national awareness and independence among Indians.

Many Indians also went to England for higher education. The English language became a common language that connected Indians from different parts of the country. This led to a strong dissatisfaction with British rule in India and an increasing demand for reforms in administration.
In simple words: Western education made some Indians ignore their own culture and adopt British ways, which was a negative outcome. However, it also helped Indians learn new ideas from Western thinkers and united them through a common language, inspiring them to fight for their own freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: For essay questions, present both sides of an argument, such as the positive and negative impacts. Clearly distinguish between the British intentions behind introducing English education and its unforeseen positive consequences for the Indian national movement.