RBSE Solutions Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Bio-diversity

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Text Book Questions

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1. In which country is the highest bio-diversity found in the world?
(a) Brazil
(b) India
(c) South Africa
(d) Germany
Answer: (a) Brazil
In simple words: Brazil has the largest variety of plant and animal life on Earth. Its huge rainforests, like the Amazon, are home to many unique species, making it a hotspot for different kinds of living things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Brazil's Amazon rainforest is a key example when discussing global biodiversity hotspots.

 

Question 2. Which trees are commonly used for making 'Vandanvaar'?
(a) Ashok and Peepal
Answer: (a) Ashok and Peepal
In simple words: Vandanvaar, which are decorative torans often used for religious purposes, are usually made from the leaves of Ashok and Peepal trees. These trees are considered sacred in many traditions.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about traditional or religious uses of plants, recall specific examples like Ashok and Peepal for Vandanvaar.

 

Question 3. In which region is maximum bio-diversity found?
(a) Wet region
(b) Coral reefs
(c) Mangrove Ecosystem
(d) Tropical ecosystem
Answer: (b) Coral reefs
In simple words: Coral reefs are like underwater cities that support a huge variety of sea creatures. Even though they cover a small ocean area, they are bustling with life, showing the most diverse marine ecosystems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific ecosystems known for high biodiversity like coral reefs and tropical rainforests, as they are frequently asked about.

 

Question 4. Ranthambore National Park is located in:
(a) Bharatpur
(b) Alwar
(c) Jaipur
(d) Sawai Madhopur
Answer: (d) Sawai Madhopur
In simple words: Ranthambore National Park, famous for its tigers, is found in the Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan. It is a well-known wildlife sanctuary in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the locations of major national parks and sanctuaries, especially those known for specific animals or regional significance.

 

Question 5. State Tree of Rajasthan is:
(a) Dhonk
(b) Khejri
(c) Tamarind
(d) Kadamb
Answer: (b) Khejri
In simple words: The Khejri tree is very important in Rajasthan and is recognized as the state tree. It is known for its ability to grow in harsh desert conditions, providing food and shade.

🎯 Exam Tip: State symbols like trees or animals are common general knowledge questions. Make sure to remember them for different regions.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Define Bio-diversity.
Answer: Bio-diversity refers to the variety of all living organisms, including plants and animals, that exist naturally in any specific region. It encompasses the diversity of life at different levels, from genes to ecosystems. The greater the variety, the richer the biodiversity.
In simple words: Bio-diversity is simply the total number of different kinds of living things, like plants and animals, found in a particular natural area.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining biodiversity, ensure you mention both plant and animal species and the idea of "variety" in a natural region.

 

Question 2. Illustrate the social value of flora.
Answer: Vegetation is important for society. It provides aesthetic beauty, cultural significance, and plays a role in traditional practices, contributing to human well-being and interaction with nature.
In simple words: Plants are important to society because they look nice, are part of our culture, and help us in many ways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how plants contribute to human culture, aesthetics, and overall societal health when describing social value.

 

Question 3. What is the significance of the genetic pool in the field of agriculture?
Answer: The genetic pool is very important for farming because it can help solve future food problems. By using the genetic variety found in nature, we can grow improved kinds of food crops, drinks, and pulses. This helps produce more food from smaller areas and also helps make seeds stronger against tough weather conditions. This vast genetic resource acts as a safeguard for agricultural sustainability.
In simple words: The genetic pool is crucial for agriculture because it helps create better, stronger crops that can feed more people and resist bad weather.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the role of the genetic pool in developing resistant crops and increasing food production to ensure full marks.

 

Question 4. Write the definition of bio-diversity according to Johnson (1993).
Answer: According to Johnson (1993) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, bio-diversity includes the different kinds of life found in land, sea, and water ecosystems. This variety can be seen within the same species, between different species, and across different ecosystems. Understanding these variations helps in effective conservation efforts.
In simple words: Johnson (1993) defined bio-diversity as the different types of living things in land, sea, and water, including variations within and between species and ecosystems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When citing a definition, remember to mention the source (Johnson 1993) and cover the key aspects: land, sea, aquatic ecosystems, and variations at different levels.

 

Question 5. Write a brief comment on the medicinal value of bio-diversity.
Answer: Bio-diversity is a rich source of various medicines. Many different types of medicines come from living beings and plants. For example, anti-cancer drugs like winnablastin and wincristine are made from the Madagascar-Perivic evergreen plant, which has been very effective against childhood blood cancer. Penicillin comes from fungi, and quinine, a malaria medicine, is made from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Even antibiotics like erythromycin and tetracycline are derived from bacteria, showing how important diverse life forms are for health. These examples clearly show the great medicinal value of bio-diversity for human health.
In simple words: Bio-diversity is very valuable for medicine, as many drugs for diseases like cancer and malaria come from various plants, fungi, and bacteria in nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide specific examples of medicines and their natural sources (e.g., quinine from cinchona bark, penicillin from fungus) to demonstrate a thorough understanding of medicinal value.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Essay Type Questions

 

Question 1. Define Bio-diversity. Summarize the concept of bio-diversity in brief.
Answer: The number of species of living organisms and plants available in any natural region is called bio-diversity. Life on Earth has developed through millions of years of biological evolution. All living systems (biospheres) are formed and controlled by these variations. This scientific variation among animal and plant species is what we call bio-diversity. Many experts believe that bio-diversity forms the foundation of human life on Earth.

Concept/Theory of Bio-diversity:
The body of every living organism is built from its genes, and these genes also control how the body functions. Genes are the basic building blocks of bio-diversity within the biosphere. The idea and understanding of bio-diversity have grown over recent years due to environmental damage. The variety and richness of life are important qualities of nature, resulting from Earth's development, and they need continuous protection. Living organisms adapt over time through evolution to suit their environment.

However, extensive damage to natural homes has led to a major decline in bio-diversity. For instance, the hunting of black deer in Rajasthan, the hunting of elephants in Jim Corbett National Park, and the deaths of tigers from disease in Nandan Kanan reserve all show that India's bio-diversity is also facing serious threats. The survival of bio-diversity is crucial for human life. Pollution, mostly caused by human activities, is steadily reducing bio-diversity. Humans have caused the extinction of about one million animal species and 76% of wild animals for their own benefit. The decline in bio-diversity is a significant global issue today because it reduces the ability of living things to adapt and evolve with environmental changes. Species play a crucial role in the concept of bio-diversity. Nature is seen as a source of productive life, where similar living creatures contribute to the growth of their lineage. Species evolve, giving rise to new ones. Thus, bio-diversity is essential for the long-term survival of life and the environment.

The value of bio-diversity is explained through the following points:
1. Food Value: Bio-diversity provides a vast array of food items that meet global food needs. This includes grains like wheat, rice, and maize; fruits like banana, mango, and papaya; vegetables such as brinjal and tomato; and many spices like ginger and turmeric. These demonstrate the crucial food value of bio-diversity.
2. Medicinal Value: Many life-saving medicines are derived from plants and animals. For instance, anti-cancer drugs like winnablastin and wincristine come from Madagascar perivial plants. Penicillin is obtained from fungi.
3. Beauty Value: Bio-diversity is inherently beautiful. Greater natural diversity enhances beauty, playing a vital role in promoting tourism. The diverse colors and fragrances of flowers naturally highlight the aesthetic value of bio-diversity.
4. Genetic Value: Living organisms contain numerous genes, each group having genes representative of its species. In agriculture, the genetic pool is crucial for solving future food challenges.
5. Ethical Value: Indian society has historically valued tree preservation, even worshiping them. Our traditions and culture have instilled strong moral values. The reverence for trees like Kadamb, Mango, Tamarind, Dhak, and Mahua shows our ethical regard for bio-diversity.
6. Social Value: The social value of bio-diversity has been integral to human life since ancient times. Humans rely on natural resources for survival, making bio-diversity a gift from nature that sustains our way of life.
In simple words: Bio-diversity means all the different kinds of plants and animals in nature. It's important because it helps life on Earth grow, provides food and medicine, makes places beautiful, and is part of our culture. But human activities are harming it, leading to many species disappearing.

🎯 Exam Tip: For an essay on bio-diversity, start with a clear definition, then explain its concept, discuss threats it faces, and elaborate on its various values (food, medicinal, beauty, genetic, ethical, social) with examples.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 2. From where do the creatures obtain nutrition on the lithosphere?
(a) From air
(b) from heat
(c) From water
(d) from soil
Answer: (d) from soil
In simple words: Living things on land get their food and nutrients from the soil. The soil provides essential elements for plants to grow, which then feed animals and humans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that soil is a fundamental component for terrestrial life, providing nutrients for plants that form the base of many food chains.

 

Question 3. Water is present on how much part of the earth?
(a) 50.8%
(b) 69.6%
(c) 70.8%
(d) 87.6%
Answer: (c) 70.8%
In simple words: About 70.8% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, mainly in oceans, making our planet look blue from space.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep in mind the approximate percentage of Earth's surface covered by water, as it's a basic geographical fact.

 

Question 4. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is:
(a) Troposphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Ionosphere
(d) Exosphere
Answer: (a) Troposphere
In simple words: The troposphere is the closest layer of air to the Earth's surface, where almost all weather happens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the order of atmospheric layers and key characteristics of each, especially the troposphere as it's where most weather phenomena occur.

 

Question 5. The amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere is:
(a) 21 per cent
(b) 78 per cent
(c) 9 per cent
(d) 0.03 per cent
Answer: (b) 78 per cent
In simple words: Nitrogen gas makes up the largest part of our air, accounting for about 78% of the atmosphere.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the primary gases in the atmosphere and their approximate percentages, with nitrogen being the most abundant.

 

Question 7. How many hot spots are there in the world and India respectively?
(a) 30 and 6
(b) 25 and 2
(c) 22 and 3
(d) 35 and 7
Answer: (b) 25 and 2
In simple words: There are 25 biodiversity hotspots worldwide, and India is home to 2 of these special areas that have a lot of unique plants and animals but are also highly threatened.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the number of global and national biodiversity hotspots, as well as the names of the hotspots within your country.

 

Question 8. How many national parks have been established in Rajasthan?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 6
Answer: (c) 4
In simple words: Rajasthan has established four national parks to protect its wildlife and natural ecosystems. These parks play a crucial role in conservation efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the number of national parks in different states and their primary conservation focus.

 

Question 9. Where is the Gajner National Park situated?
(a) in Jaipur
(b) in Jodhpur
(c) in Udaipur
(d) in Bikaner
Answer: (d) in Bikaner
In simple words: Gajner National Park is located in Bikaner, a city in Rajasthan, known for its desert wildlife and beautiful natural surroundings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the locations of important national parks and wildlife sanctuaries to answer direct questions accurately.

Matching Type Questions

 

Question A. Match column A with column B:

Answer:
1. (f) - National desert Park is in Jaisalmer.
2. (a) - TalchhaDar is in Churu.
3. (b) - Ravali Toderarh is in Ajmer.
4. (c) - Kailadevi is in Karauli.
5. (d) - Nahargarh is in Jaipur.
6. (e) - Chambal is in Kota.
In simple words: Each national park or sanctuary listed in Column A is matched with its correct district location in Column B. This helps to identify where these important natural sites are found.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, carefully identify the unique characteristics or locations of each item to pair them correctly. A good strategy is to first match the ones you are most confident about.

RBSE Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. In what forms is bio-diversity visible on the earth?
Answer: Bio-diversity on Earth is visible in many forms, ranging from tiny micro-protozoans to enormous whales, and from microscopic lichens to towering large-sized trees. This wide range of life forms highlights the incredible variety across all scales. Bio-diversity helps create stable ecosystems.
In simple words: Bio-diversity can be seen everywhere, from very tiny living things like protozoans to huge animals like whales, and from small lichens to big trees.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the forms of biodiversity, provide examples that cover both extremes of size and different kingdoms of life (e.g., microorganisms, plants, animals).

 

Question 2. What is biosphere the result of ?
Answer: The biosphere is a result of the complex interactions between living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) elements present on the Earth's surface. These interactions create a dynamic system that supports all life. For example, plants (biotic) use sunlight (abiotic) to grow, forming the base of many food chains.
In simple words: The biosphere exists because of the complicated ways that living and non-living things on Earth interact with each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the interaction between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components when explaining the formation of the biosphere.

 

Question 3. How many types of adaptations are there in the organisms?
Answer: Organisms show two main types of adaptations: hereditary and acquired. Hereditary adaptations are inherited from birth, like a bird's wings. Acquired adaptations are developed during an organism's life in response to its environment, such as a tan from sun exposure. Both types help organisms survive in their specific habitats.
In simple words: Living things have two kinds of ways to adapt: some are born with them (hereditary), and others they learn or develop during their life (acquired) to fit their surroundings.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between hereditary (inborn, genetic) and acquired (learned, environmental response) adaptations with simple examples for each.

 

Question 4. What is the difference between hereditary and acquired adaptation?
Answer: Hereditary adaptation is a trait an organism has from birth, passed down through its genes. For example, a fish is born with gills. In contrast, acquired adaptation is something an organism develops during its life in response to specific environmental influences or stimuli. For example, a plant might grow thicker leaves in a dry climate. Acquired traits are not passed on to offspring.
In simple words: Hereditary adaptations are what you are born with, while acquired adaptations are things you get or change during your life because of your surroundings.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the difference, provide a clear example for each type of adaptation to illustrate the concept effectively.

 

Question 5. What has been included in the structure of the biosphere?
Answer: The biosphere's structure primarily includes the lithosphere (Earth's solid surface), the hydrosphere (all the water on Earth), and the atmosphere (the layer of gases surrounding Earth). These three parts work together to create the conditions necessary for life. Understanding these components is essential for studying Earth's systems.
In simple words: The biosphere is made up of the Earth's solid ground (lithosphere), all the water (hydrosphere), and the air around it (atmosphere).

🎯 Exam Tip: List the three main components of the biosphere (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere) and briefly define each.

 

Question 6. What is meant by hydrosphere?
Answer: The hydrosphere refers to the total amount of water found on the Earth's surface. This includes all oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and even water vapor in the atmosphere. It covers about 71% of the Earth's surface, making it a critical component for all living organisms.
In simple words: The hydrosphere is all the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, and ice.

🎯 Exam Tip: A good definition of hydrosphere includes its composition (all forms of water) and its location (Earth's surface).

 

Question 7. What does genetic diversity mean?
Answer: Genetic diversity means the variety of genes found within a single species of organisms. Each organism's traits are determined by its genes. Genetic diversity refers to the different forms of these genes that exist within a species. A species with more genetic diversity is better able to adapt to changing environments, improving its chances of survival. For example, different coat colors in a population of animals show genetic diversity.
In simple words: Genetic diversity is the different kinds of genes found within the same group of living things. It helps them adapt and survive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define genetic diversity as variation *within* a species and explain its importance for adaptation and survival.

 

Question 8. What is the meaning of ethnic diversity?
Answer: Ethnic diversity refers to the variety of different species of organisms found in an ecosystem. It describes the range of different types of living beings that coexist in a particular natural environment. This diversity is crucial for the health and balance of the ecosystem, as each species plays a unique role. For instance, a forest with many different tree types has high ethnic diversity.
In simple words: Ethnic diversity is about how many different types of living species are found together in one natural place.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clarify that ethnic diversity focuses on the variety of *different species* within an ecosystem, not just genetic variations within one species.

 

Question 9. What is ecological diversity?
Answer: Ecological diversity refers to the complexity and variety of different ecosystems available within a larger area. This includes forests, deserts, grasslands, oceans, and wetlands. It describes how different natural habitats and their communities of living things interact. A region with many types of ecosystems has high ecological diversity, contributing to overall planetary stability.
In simple words: Ecological diversity means having many different types of natural environments, like forests and deserts, in a region.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define ecological diversity by referring to the variety and complexity of *ecosystems* within a region, providing examples of different habitat types.

 

Question 11. How many plant and animal species are found in India?
Answer: India is home to a rich variety of life. Approximately 46,000 different plant species and about 81,000 distinct animal species are found within its borders. This high number makes India one of the world's megadiverse countries. These diverse species contribute to the country's ecological balance and natural heritage.
In simple words: India has a lot of different living things, with about 46,000 types of plants and 81,000 types of animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate numbers of plant and animal species found in India to demonstrate the country's biodiversity richness.

 

Question 12. When was the bio-diversity Bill passed?
Answer: The Bio-diversity Bill was passed in India in two stages. It was first passed in the Lok Sabha on December 2, 2002, and then in the Rajya Sabha on December 11, 2002. This legislative act aimed to conserve biological diversity, promote sustainable use of its components, and ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Its passage marked a significant step in India's environmental policy.
In simple words: India's Bio-diversity Bill was passed in the Lok Sabha on December 2, 2002, and then in the Rajya Sabha on December 11, 2002.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note both dates (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) for the Bio-diversity Bill's passage to show a complete understanding of its legislative process.

 

Question 13. What is the main objective of the bio-diversity Bill?
Answer: The main goal of the Bio-diversity Bill is to protect India's vast variety of life forms (bio-diversity). It aims to prevent foreign organizations and individuals from using India's biological resources unfairly or without proper authorization. Additionally, it seeks to stop Bio-smuggling, which is the illegal trade of biological resources. The bill provides a framework for the sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits from these resources.
In simple words: The Bio-diversity Bill mainly aims to protect India's rich plant and animal life, stop foreigners from misusing it, and prevent illegal smuggling of biological resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the three key objectives: protection, prevention of misuse, and stopping smuggling, when explaining the bill's purpose.

 

Question 14. In which states is the Western Ghats hot spot spread in India?
Answer: The Western Ghats, a significant biodiversity hotspot in India, stretches across several states. This region is spread through Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. It is known for its high levels of endemic species and plays a crucial role in maintaining regional ecological balance. The area is rich in flora and fauna, many of which are found nowhere else in the world.
In simple words: The Western Ghats hotspot in India covers parts of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the four main states (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala) that encompass the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.

 

Question 15. What are the natural causes for bio-diversity depletion?
Answer: Natural causes for the reduction of bio-diversity include changes in global temperature, overall climate change, the thinning of the ozone layer, and acid rain. These natural phenomena, though sometimes influenced by human activities, can significantly alter habitats and ecosystems, leading to a decline in species numbers and variety. For example, extreme weather events due to climate change can destroy animal habitats.
In simple words: Natural reasons for losing bio-diversity include global warming, changes in climate, a thinner ozone layer, and acid rain.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing natural causes, distinguish them from human-induced causes, focusing on large-scale environmental changes.

 

Question 16. What does the conservation of bio-diversity mean?
Answer: The conservation of bio-diversity means protecting the variety of life on Earth, including its ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity. In Rajasthan, for instance, efforts for wildlife conservation have led to the establishment of four National Parks, 26 sanctuaries, 35 protected areas, and 5 zoos. This involves using various strategies to prevent species extinction and maintain healthy natural environments. Conservation ensures that natural resources are available for future generations.
In simple words: Conserving bio-diversity means protecting all the different kinds of plants, animals, and natural places. This is done through establishing parks, sanctuaries, and other protected areas.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define biodiversity conservation broadly and support it with concrete examples like national parks and sanctuaries, especially if referring to a specific region like Rajasthan.

 

Question 18. Where is the highest and lowest bio-diversity found in the world?
Answer: The highest bio-diversity in the world is found in the equatorial regions, which are areas located on both sides of the equator. These regions typically have warm climates and abundant rainfall, leading to lush rainforests that support a vast array of species. Conversely, the lowest bio-diversity is found at the Earth's poles, where extreme cold and harsh conditions limit the types and numbers of organisms that can survive. The equatorial belt has stable temperatures and high productivity, making it ideal for many life forms.
In simple words: The most different kinds of life are found near the Earth's equator, while the fewest kinds of life are found at the North and South Poles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the relationship between latitude, climate, and biodiversity: equatorial regions have high diversity due to favorable conditions, while polar regions have low diversity due to harsh conditions.

 

Question 19. Where and when were the Earth Summits organised?
Answer: The first Earth Summit was organized in Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil. The Second Earth Summit was organized in 1992, in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. These summits were important international meetings focused on environmental protection and sustainable development. They brought together global leaders to discuss critical issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and poverty. The 1992 summit, in particular, led to key international agreements.
In simple words: The first Earth Summit was in Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil, and the second one was in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1992.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Earth Summits, note both the location and the year (especially 1992 for Johannesburg) as key details.

 

Question 20. More bio-diversity is found in which ecosystems in the world?
Answer: The highest bio-diversity in the world is typically found in specific rich ecosystems. These include coral reefs, known for their abundant marine life; wet regions like rainforests, which boast incredible plant and animal variety; mangrove ecosystems, vital coastal habitats; and tropical ecosystems in general. These environments offer stable conditions, ample resources, and complex structures that support a vast number of species. For example, the Amazon rainforest is a tropical ecosystem famous for its diversity.
In simple words: The most different kinds of plants and animals are found in coral reefs, wet rainforests, mangrove areas, and other tropical ecosystems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to name several ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs, tropical rainforests, mangroves) that are recognized for their exceptionally high biodiversity.

 

Question 21. What is meant by species?
Answer: In nature, a species refers to a group of organisms that are of the same type, capable of producing fertile offspring through reproduction. They share similar characteristics and are considered a fundamental unit of classification. Different species cannot usually interbreed naturally to produce fertile offspring. For example, all humans belong to the species *Homo sapiens*.
In simple words: A species is a group of living things that are alike and can have babies together who can also have babies.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key elements of a species definition are: "same type of organisms," "capable of productive life," and "reproduction" to produce fertile offspring.

 

Question 22. What does Genetic pool mean?
Answer: A genetic pool, also known as a gene pool, refers to the complete set of all unique genes and genetic information present in a population or species. It represents the total genetic diversity available. The "connecting of the genes of the organisms of any species shows the position of the genetic fund" means it shows the total genetic material that can be passed down. A large genetic pool indicates a healthy and adaptable population. This diversity is crucial for species to adapt to changing environments. For instance, if a disease affects one gene, other variations in the gene pool might offer resistance.
In simple words: A genetic pool means all the different kinds of genes that exist in a group of living things, showing how much genetic variety they have.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the genetic pool as the total collection of genes within a population or species, highlighting its role in adaptation and survival.

 

Question 1. Define Bio - diversity.
Answer: Bio-diversity refers to the variety of all living things, including plants and animals, found in a particular natural area. It shows how many different kinds of life exist there, and this variety is crucial for the health and balance of our ecosystems.
In simple words: Bio-diversity means how many different types of living things, like plants and animals, are found in a natural place.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining scientific terms, ensure your definition is clear, concise, and captures the core meaning. Mentioning both plants and animals is key for bio-diversity.

 

Question 2. What is the basis for developing the concept of bio - diversity?
Answer: The idea of bio-diversity has grown over recent years because of damage to the environment. People started thinking more about it as nature got spoiled, and understanding this concept helps us to better protect the diverse forms of life on Earth.
In simple words: The idea of bio-diversity came up because the environment has been getting damaged over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on identifying the primary driving factor for the concept's development, which in this case is environmental degradation.

 

Question 3. From what is the medicine named as quinine obtained?
Answer: The medicine called quinine is made from the bark of the cinchona tree. This bark has special properties, and quinine has historically been used to treat malaria, a serious disease.
In simple words: Quinine medicine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to include both the source (cinchona tree bark) and the common name of the medicine (quinine).

 

Question 4. What is the meaning of ecotourism?
Answer: Ecotourism means traveling to natural places to see wild animals living freely in their own homes. It also includes experiencing the different native surroundings and cultures there, and this type of tourism aims to support conservation efforts and local communities.
In simple words: Ecotourism is when people visit natural places to see wild animals in their natural homes and learn about the local environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the key aspects of ecotourism: visiting natural habitats, observing wildlife freely, and often supporting local conservation.

 

Question 5. Write the names of the major National Sanctuaries / National Parks of Rajasthan.
Answer: Rajasthan's main wildlife and bird sanctuaries are Rajiv Gandhi National Park Ranthambore (Sawai Madhopur), Keoladeo Ghana National Bird Sanctuary (Bharatpur), National Desert Park (Jaisalmer), and Sariska Wildlife National Park (Alwar). Other important sanctuaries include Darrah (Jhalawar), Talchapar (Churu), Nahargarh (Jaipur), Jaisamand (Udaipur), Kumbhalgarh (Pali), Bandh Baretha (Bharatpur), Van Vihar (Dholpur), Sitamata (Chittorgarh), Mount Abu (Sirohi), Raoli Todgarh (Ajmer), Chambal (Kota), Jawahar Sagar (Kota), Jamua Ramgarh (Jaipur), Kailadevi (Karauli), and Gajner Sanctuary (Bikaner). These protected areas play a vital role in protecting endangered species and their habitats.
In simple words: Rajasthan has many important wildlife places like Ranthambore, Keoladeo Ghana, National Desert Park, and Sariska. Other sanctuaries include Darrah, Nahargarh, Jaisamand, and Gajner.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing geographical features, it's helpful to mention the district or location associated with each to show precise knowledge.

Rbse Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Short Answer Type Questions (Sa-Ii)

 

Question 1. Demonstrate the organisation and distribution of gases found in the atmosphere.
Answer: The air around us, called the atmosphere, is mostly made up of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The last 1% includes other gases like carbon dioxide, neon, argon, and ozone. Studies show that in the troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere), the amount of these gases changes up to 50 kilometers high. Heavy gases like carbon dioxide are mostly found up to 20 km. Oxygen and nitrogen reduce a lot after 140 km, and above 150 km, hydrogen is the main gas. Oxygen is very important for all living things to breathe, and carbon dioxide is vital for plants to make their food through photosynthesis. Nitrogen is also a key part of food for all organisms, and this specific mix of gases is crucial for sustaining life on Earth and regulating its climate.
In simple words: Our atmosphere is mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), plus a small amount of other gases. Heavier gases stay lower, and lighter gases go higher. Oxygen helps us breathe, carbon dioxide helps plants, and nitrogen is important for food.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining atmospheric composition, specify the main gases and their percentages, and briefly mention the roles of key gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

 

Question 2. Describe the hot spots found in India.
Answer: Hot spots are special places in the world that have many different kinds of plants and animals that are not found anywhere else. India has two such hot spots: 1. **Western Ghats:** This area is about 1600 sq. km along India's western coast. Even though it's only 5% of India's land, it has 25% of all the plant species found in the country. Within the Western Ghats, there are two key bio-diversity centers: - Amambalam Reserve - Agasthamalai Mountains 2. **East Himalayan region:** This area has temperate forests that stretch from 1700 to 3500 meters high. It is home to 11,540 different plant species, and 4,052 of these are found only in this region. Protecting these hot spots is vital because they are home to a vast number of unique species, many of which are endangered.
In simple words: Hot spots are places with many unique plants and animals. India has two: the Western Ghats, which is rich in plants, and the East Himalayan region, known for its diverse temperate forests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define what a "hot spot" is before listing and describing India's examples, including key characteristics like area and unique species percentage.

 

Question 3. Explain the threats of bio - diversity.
Answer: Different kinds of living things have been disappearing for a very long time, while new ones keep forming to adapt to changes. However, in the last hundred years, human progress in science and technology has caused a lot of harm to bio-diversity because people use nature too much to improve their lives. Because of this, the rate at which species naturally die out has gone up greatly, from one species every ten years to a hundred species every ten years in different natural areas. If this continues, many more plants and animals will disappear soon. So, due to human actions, the species that are still alive are now in danger of dying out. Today, the biggest human reasons for losing bio-diversity are destroying natural homes for animals, hunting, and more pollution from human economic activities. Bio-diversity has also decreased due to some natural reasons, like global warming, changes in climate, the ozone layer getting thinner, and acid rain. Addressing both human-caused and natural threats requires urgent global cooperation and sustainable practices.
In simple words: Bio-diversity is threatened by humans who destroy habitats, hunt, and cause pollution. Natural threats like global warming, climate change, a thinner ozone layer, and acid rain also make the problem worse, causing many species to disappear faster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize threats into human-caused and natural factors for a comprehensive answer, providing specific examples for each.

Rbse Class 11 Physical Geography Chapter 21 Essay Type Questions

 

Question 1. What is meant by biosphere? Explain its structure.
Answer: The biosphere is the part of Earth where life exists. It includes all living organisms and the environments they live in. The structure of the biosphere can be explained by three main parts: 1. **Lithosphere:** This is the solid outer layer of the Earth, including continents and islands, making up about 29.2% of the total surface. Its top layer, made of soil, is crucial because it provides nutrients to all living things. Below the soil, there are rocks. 2. **Hydrosphere:** This refers to all the water on Earth. Oceans cover over 70.8% of the planet. When we add rivers, ponds, and other water bodies, about 72% of Earth's surface is covered by water. Water is essential for life, second only to oxygen. Most of the Earth's water (about 97%) is in oceans. A small part is ice, and even less is underground. Water on the surface goes through a cycle, turning into rain through condensation. 3. **Atmosphere:** This is the blanket of gases that surrounds the Earth, stretching for thousands of kilometers. It contains various gases, water vapor, and dust. The mixture of these elements changes depending on height, location, and weather. The lowest part of the atmosphere, called the troposphere, has the smallest percentage of most gases (except for water vapor and dust). Winds, air pressure, and temperature help keep the gas proportions stable almost everywhere else. These three interconnected spheres constantly interact, creating the dynamic conditions necessary for diverse life forms to thrive.
In simple words: The biosphere is where life lives, and it has three parts. The **lithosphere** is the land, where soil gives food to living things. The **hydrosphere** is all the water, like oceans and rivers, which is very important for life. The **atmosphere** is the air around Earth, made of different gases that keep the planet warm and help living things breathe.

🎯 Exam Tip: For explaining the biosphere's structure, clearly define each of its three components (lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere) and describe their key characteristics and importance to life.

 

Question 2. Define bio - diversity and describe its types.
Answer: Bio-diversity means the variety of all living things, including plants and animals, found in a particular natural region. It shows how many different kinds of life exist there. Bio-diversity is seen in three main types: 1. **Genetic diversity:** This refers to the different forms of genes within a single species. Genes are like instructions that decide an organism's traits. If a species has many different genes (high genetic diversity), it can better adapt to changes in its environment. If it has low genetic diversity, it might struggle to adapt and could die out. Genetic diversity helps create various plant and animal species. 2. **Ethnic diversity:** This describes the number of different types of species living together in one ecosystem. It's about how many distinct kinds of plants and animals are present in an area. 3. **Ecological diversity:** This is about the variety and complexity of ecosystems themselves. It includes how energy moves through different food levels, how nutrients cycle, and how various ecosystems like oceans, freshwater bodies, forests, grasslands, and deserts support different kinds of life. For example, oceans have large animals like whales, while fresh water has different creatures. Forests, grasslands, and deserts also have their unique plants and animals. Each level of biodiversity is interconnected, with genetic diversity forming the foundation for species and ecosystem diversity.
In simple words: Bio-diversity is the variety of life in an area. Its types are: **Genetic diversity** (different genes within one species), **Ethnic diversity** (how many different species are in an area), and **Ecological diversity** (the variety of different places where living things live, like forests or oceans).

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the types of bio-diversity, ensure you clearly define each type and provide a brief explanation of its significance or examples.

 

Question 3. What measures are needed to be adopted for the prevention of rapid decline in bio - diversity?
Answer: To stop the fast loss of bio-diversity, we need to take these steps: 1. **Protecting and improving habitats:** This involves setting up special areas like biosphere reserves to protect endangered species. It's important to fix damaged natural homes so animals and plants can get food and other things they need. India has 18 such biosphere reserve areas, with nine of them recognized by UNESCO, including Nilgiri, Sunderban, and Great Nicobar. 3. **Banning hunting:** Hunting should be completely stopped in areas where animals are sensitive or fewer in number. It might be allowed only in places where there are too many animals and they reproduce quickly. 4. **Wildlife Conservation Laws:** Organizations around the world want countries to create strong laws to protect the environment and wildlife. These laws ensure human safety without harming nature for future generations. India has had forest policies since 1894, which were updated in 1952 and 1988, focusing on protecting and developing forests. There's also a National Wildlife Programme and Action Plan (2000-2016) to stop deforestation and save endangered species. 5. **Setting up National Parks and Sanctuaries:** India has 89 national parks and 490 protected reserves, covering about 150,000 square km. Their main goals are to protect wildlife, stop illegal hunting and trade of animal products, and help the environment grow in areas around these parks. These comprehensive measures are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and safeguarding the planet's diverse life forms for future generations.
In simple words: To stop bio-diversity loss, we need to: 1. Protect natural homes and create biosphere reserves. 3. Stop hunting in sensitive areas. 4. Make and follow strong wildlife conservation laws. 5. Create national parks and sanctuaries to protect animals and their environments.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing preventive measures, structure your answer with clear headings or bullet points for each measure, and provide brief details about how each measure helps.