RBSE Solutions Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 5 Man and Nature in India The Ecological Balance

RBSE Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 5 Textual Activities

Activity - 1: Comprehension

Tick the Correct Alternative:

 

Question 1. The ancient civilizations that seem to have culminated in deserts are the
(a) Indus Valley civilization
(b) kingdoms of West Asia
(c) civilization of Egypt
(d) All of these
Answer: (d) All of these
In simple words: The civilizations that ended up in desert areas include the Indus Valley, kingdoms in West Asia, and the Egyptian civilization. So, all these options are correct.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering multiple-choice questions about historical facts, read all options carefully before selecting. Sometimes, more than one option can be correct, leading to an 'All of these' answer.

 

Question 3. In order to restore and regulate the ecological balance we need to -
(a) control the human population.
(b) use the available natural resources wisely.
(c) conserve forests.
(d) all of these.
Answer: (d) All of these
In simple words: To bring back and manage nature's balance, we need to do many things. This includes managing how many people there are, using natural resources smartly, and protecting our forests. All these steps are important together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Questions about ecological balance often have multiple correct solutions that work together. Look for options that represent a comprehensive approach, like 'all of these', if each individual option is also true.

 

B. Answer to the Following Questions Should Not Exceed 10-15 Words Each:

 

Question 1. What does the history of some of our endangered species of wildlife illustrate? वन्यजीवों की कुछ संकटापन्न प्रजातियों का इतिहास हमें क्या स्पष्ट करता है?
Answer: The history of our endangered wildlife shows that when their natural homes are destroyed, these animals disappear. This highlights how important their living spaces are. वन्यजीवों की कुछ संकटापन्न प्रजातियों का इतिहास हमें यह स्पष्ट करता है कि आश्रयस्थलों की कमी उनको लुप्तता की ओर ले गई।
In simple words: The past of endangered animals tells us that losing their homes made them vanish.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about cause and effect, clearly state both the cause (habitat loss) and the effect (extinction) to get full marks. Include both English and Hindi parts as per the question.

 

Question 2. What will happen if man refuses to pay heed to the warnings of a misused natural system working under fixed natural laws? यदि मानव, निश्चित प्राकृतिक कानूनों के अन्तर्गत काम कम रही प्राकृतिक प्रणाली के दुरुपयोग की चेतावनियों की अनदेखी करता है तो क्या घटित होगा?
Answer: If humans ignore nature's warnings, they will suffer from environmental disasters, just like other animals. Respecting nature's rules is crucial for survival. यदि वह ऐसा करता है तो वह दूसरे जानवरों की तरह पारिस्थितिकीय आपदा का शिकार हो जायेगा।
In simple words: If people ignore nature's rules, they will face big environmental problems, just like animals do.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the consequence of human actions on nature. Using strong terms like "ecological disaster" shows a good understanding of the topic.

 

Question 4. Who is the ancestor of our domestic poultry? हमारे घरेलू मुर्गे-मुर्गियों का पूर्वज कौन है?
Answer: The Red jungle fowl is the bird that our domestic chickens came from. It is the original wild ancestor of all poultry. हमारे घरेलू मुर्गे-मुर्गियों का पूर्वज लाल जंगल का मुर्गा/मुर्गी है।
In simple words: Our pet chickens originally came from a wild bird called the Red jungle fowl.

🎯 Exam Tip: For factual questions, state the answer directly and accurately. Knowing the origin of domestic animals helps understand their biology.

 

Question 5. What is a curious fact about truly social insects such as ants and bees? चींटियों व मधुमक्खियों जैसे वास्तविक सामाजिक कीटों के बारे में एक जिज्ञासापूर्ण तथ्य क्या है?
Answer: An interesting fact about social insects like ants and bees is that most of them cannot have babies. Only a few specific members can reproduce. अधिकतर कीट बन्ध्या होते हैं। यही जिज्ञासापूर्ण तथ्य है।
In simple words: A strange thing about ants and bees is that most of them cannot lay eggs or have young ones; they are sterile.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing biological facts, use precise terms like 'sterile' but also explain them simply if needed. This shows a complete understanding.

 

C. Answer to the Following Questions Should Not Exceed 30-40 Words Each:

 

Question 1. What causes ecological imbalances? किस कारण से पारिस्थितिकी असंतुलन होता है?
Answer: Ecological imbalances are mainly caused by the fast-growing human population. People carelessly destroy insects, birds, and plants. These living things are actually helpful friends to farming, forests, and humans in the ongoing struggle of life. बढ़ती हुई मानव जनसंख्या पारिस्थितिकी असंतुलन उत्पन्न करती है। कीटों, पक्षियों व वनस्पतियों का विवेकहीन विनाश कृषि, वन व मानव को अपने अत्यधिक मित्रों की सेवाओं के लाभ से इस निरन्तर संघर्ष में वंचित कर देता है।
In simple words: A rapidly growing human population causes nature to become unbalanced because people destroy helpful insects, birds, and plants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on linking population growth to habitat destruction and the loss of beneficial organisms as the core reasons for ecological imbalance.

 

Question 2. How does the progress in communication and technology affect the ecological balance? संचार व तकनीक में उन्नति पारिस्थितिकी संतुलन को कैसे प्रभावित करती है?
Answer: Advances in communication and technology led to the creation of harmful chemicals like pesticides and herbicides. These chemicals created dangers for wildlife and the environment. This pollution of water, land, and air then harmed humans themselves. Modern farming often relies on these chemicals, causing long-term damage. If the Hindi translation for the answer was provided, I would include it here.
In simple words: New technology brought harmful chemicals, polluting nature and hurting animals. This pollution eventually harmed people too.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing technology's impact, mention specific examples like pesticides and how they cause a boomerang effect, affecting humans after harming nature.

 

Question 3. उत्तर भारत में सूखे के बारे में सलीम अली क्या कहते हैं?
Answer: उत्तरी भारत में, बढ़ती मानव जनसंख्या को अधिक भोजन व रहने के लिए अधिक जमीन की आवश्यकता पड़ी। इसी कारण बड़े पैमाने पर वनों को साफ करके खेती के लिए जमीन तैयार की गई। सलीम अली इस बात को सूखे का कारण बताते हैं। Excessive clearing of forests impacts local climate and rainfall patterns.
In simple words: सलीम अली कहते हैं कि उत्तरी भारत में लोगों की संख्या बढ़ने के कारण जंगल काटे गए ताकि खेती और रहने के लिए जगह मिल सके. इस वजह से सूखा पड़ रहा है.

🎯 Exam Tip: जब सलीम अली जैसे किसी विशेषज्ञ के विचारों के बारे में पूछा जाए, तो उनके मुख्य तर्क को स्पष्ट रूप से बताना महत्वपूर्ण है, जैसे कि बढ़ती जनसंख्या और वनों की कटाई का संबंध. (When asked about the views of an expert like Salim Ali, it is important to clearly state their main argument, such as the link between growing population and deforestation.)

 

Question 4. Why are tigers and lions disappearing in India? भारत में बाघ व शेर लुप्त क्यों हो रहे हैं?
Answer: Tigers and lions are vanishing in India mainly because their natural homes are being destroyed. These big cats need large forest areas, but the growing human population is cutting down these forests. This also disrupts their breeding seasons, making it harder for them to have young ones. आश्रय स्थल के विनाश के कारण भारत में बाघ व शेर लुप्त हो रहे हैं। बाघों व शेरों को फैला हुआ वन क्षेत्र चाहिए जबकि बढ़ती मानव जनसंख्या वनों को काट रही है। उनका प्रजनन सीजन भी गड़बड़ा जाता है।
In simple words: Tigers and lions are disappearing because their forest homes are being destroyed by more and more people. This also affects their ability to have babies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always mention 'habitat destruction' as a primary cause for the decline of wildlife. Adding the impact on reproduction shows a deeper understanding of conservation challenges.

 

Question 5. How does population pressure affect ecology? जनसंख्या का दबाव पारिस्थितिकी को कैसे प्रभावित करता है?
Answer: A rapidly increasing human population needs more food and land for living. Because of this, trees are cut down for fuel, and forests are cleared for farming and building homes. This direct destruction of natural habitats and resources greatly impacts the environment. बढ़ती मानव जनसंख्या को अधिक भोजन व रहने के लिए अधिक जमीन चाहिए। इसलिए, वृक्षों को ईंधन के लिए काटा जाता है तथा वनों को खेती व घरों के लिए साफ किया जाता है । इस प्रकार से, जनसंख्या का दबाव पारिस्थितिकी को प्रभावित करता है।
In simple words: As more people are born, we need more food and homes. This leads to cutting down forests for farms and houses, which harms nature.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect population pressure directly to resource demand (food, land, fuel) and then to environmental consequences like deforestation and habitat loss.

 

Answer to the Following Questions Should Not Exceed 60-80 Words Each:

 

Question 1. Describe the relationship between man and nature.
Answer: मानव पारिस्थितिकी प्रकृति का एक अभिन्न अंग है। मानव का भविष्य अन्य जीवन से अलग नहीं। मानव को मित्र कीट, पक्षी व जानवरों को नष्ट नहीं करना चाहिए अन्यथा हानिकारक कीट, पक्षी व जानवर उसके लिए एक समस्या बन जायेंगे। पारिस्थितिकीय आपदा को टालने के लिए मानव को स्वयं को अनुशासित करना होगा। मानव की जनसंख्या को अत्यधिक नियंत्रित करना होगा। तब, प्राकृतिक संसाधनों पर दबाव नहीं रहेगा।
To maintain balance, humans must control their population and discipline themselves. Large forests should not be cleared. We must use available natural resources wisely and avoid harming beneficial insects, birds, and animals. Technological advancements should not be misused. Wildlife habitats need protection, and animals should not be disturbed during their breeding seasons. This holistic approach ensures mutual survival.
In simple words: Humans are a part of nature and our future depends on it. We must control our population, protect forests, use resources wisely, and not harm friendly animals or misuse technology to avoid environmental problems. मानव प्रकृति का एक हिस्सा है और हमारा भविष्य इस पर निर्भर करता है. हमें अपनी आबादी को नियंत्रित करना चाहिए, वनों की रक्षा करनी चाहिए, संसाधनों का बुद्धिमानी से उपयोग करना चाहिए, और मित्रवत जानवरों को नुकसान नहीं पहुंचाना चाहिए या प्रौद्योगिकी का दुरुपयोग नहीं करना चाहिए ताकि पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं से बचा जा सके.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the man-nature relationship, highlight mutual dependence and the need for human responsibility in population control and resource management.

 

Question 2. What measures must be undertaken to restore and regulate the ecological balance? पारिस्थितिकीय संतुलन के पुनस्थापन व नियंत्रण के लिए क्या उपाय अवश्य करने चाहिए?
Answer: To bring back and manage nature's balance, several steps are needed. Human population growth must be controlled strictly, and people should learn to manage themselves. Large areas of forests should not be cut down, and we must use all natural resources wisely. It's important not to kill helpful insects, birds, and animals. Also, new technology should be used carefully and not misused. The homes of wild animals must be protected, and they should not be disturbed, especially during their breeding times. These actions will help nature heal and thrive.
मानव की जनसंख्या को अत्यधिक नियंत्रित किया जाना चाहिए। मानव को स्वयं को अनुशासित करना चाहिए। वनों को बड़े स्तर पर नहीं काटा जाना चाहिए। उपलब्ध प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का सर्वोत्तम उपयोग करना चाहिए। हमें मित्र कीटों, पक्षियों व जानवरों को नहीं मारना चाहिए। संचार व तकनीक के सुधारों का हमें दुरुपयोग नहीं करना चाहिए। वन्यजीवों के आश्रयस्थलों को बचाए रखना चाहिए। हमें प्रजनन के मौसम में उनको परेशान नहीं करना चाहिए।
In simple words: We must control human population, protect forests, use resources smartly, save animal homes, and avoid misusing technology to bring back natural balance. हमें मानव जनसंख्या को नियंत्रित करना होगा, वनों की रक्षा करनी होगी, संसाधनों का बुद्धिमानी से उपयोग करना होगा, जानवरों के घरों को बचाना होगा और प्रौद्योगिकी का दुरुपयोग नहीं करना होगा ताकि प्राकृतिक संतुलन वापस आ सके।

🎯 Exam Tip: List key actions clearly. A comprehensive answer should cover population, resource management, protection of species, and responsible technology use for maximum impact.

 

Activity - 2: Vocabulary

Match the following words in column 'A' with their meanings in column 'B' given below:

Answer:
1. (c) The protection of animals, plants, and natural resources
2. (g) (Meaning not provided in Column B)
3. (a) Farmer/one who plows and cultivates land
4. (b) A natural source of wealth or revenue
5. (i) The place where a plant or animal naturally lives or grows
6. (h) Not well-known : not known to most people
7. (d) A chemical used to destroy plants or stop plant growth
8. (j) To put or bring back to an earlier or original state
9. (f) (Meaning not provided in Column B)
10. (e) (Meaning not provided in Column B)
In simple words: Match each word in Column 'A' with its correct definition in Column 'B' based on the meaning. Some meanings or words may not be fully visible in the provided columns but are part of the complete answer key.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, understand the meaning of each term and match it with the closest definition. If a definition isn't directly visible, rely on your vocabulary knowledge.

 

Activity - 3: Grammar

The Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous

निम्न वाक्य ध्यानपूर्वक देखें :

A. We have been working here since 1995. He has been teaching English for a long time. They have been staying here for an hour.

B. They had been drilling for two years before they found oil. I had been working for two hours when I found him.

समूह A की क्रियाएँ Present Perfect Continuous की हैं तथा समूह B की क्रियाएँ Past Perfect Continuous की हैं। दोनों समूहों का निर्माण Perfective तथा Continuous aspects (पहलुओं) को जोड़कर किया गया है। निम्न क्रिया समूहों के रूप को ध्यान से देखें ।

Present Perfect Continuous:
have been living
has been studying

Past Perfect Continuous:
had been drilling
had been walking

Exercise: Combine each of the following sets of sentences, using the past perfect continuous. वाक्यों को निम्न सेट्स को past perfect continuous से जोड़िये :

 

Question. Combine each of the following sets of sentences, using the past perfect continuous.
1. They lived in Kolkata (for ten years). Then they came to Mumbai in 2003.
2. I was reading a book. Then I fell ill.
3. We waited for thirty minutes. Then the bus arrived.
4. He studied politics for five years. Then I met him.
5. I had been working for ten minutes then i noticed that i had forgotten to put on socks
6. i slept for hour this morning before rang
Answer:
1. They had been living in Kolkata (for ten years) before they came to Mumbai in 2003.
2. I had been reading a book (for a week) before I fell ill.
3. We had been waiting for thirty minutes before the bus arrived.
4. He had been studying politics for five years before I met him.
5. I had been walking for ten minutes before I noticed that I had forgotten to put on my socks.
6. I had been sleeping for one hour this morning before the telephone rang.
In simple words: To combine these sentences, use 'had been' plus the '-ing' form of the first verb. This shows an action that was happening continuously before another action took place.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Past Perfect Continuous tense emphasizes the duration of an action that occurred before another past event. Remember to use 'had been' followed by the present participle (verb + -ing).

 

Activity - 4: Speech Activity

You are the President of the Environment Club of your school. The Club organized a three day trip to Jim Corbett park. Share your experiences with your friends. आप अपने विद्यालय के पर्यावरण क्लब के अध्यक्ष हैं। क्लब ने जिम कोर्बेट पार्क की तीन दिन की यात्रा का आयोजन किया है। अपने

 

The Himalayan belt has diverse geographical and ecological characteristics. It is home to 488 different plant species and a wide variety of animals. This area covers 520.8 sq km of hills, river areas, marshy lowlands, grasslands, and a large lake. It has 586 types of birds, both resident and migratory, 33 reptile species, and 7 amphibian species. You can find Bengal tigers, elephants, leopards, bears, deer, mongooses, apes, monkeys, and pythons here.

 

Activity - 5: Composition

According to Indian spiritual tradition, “Nature does not need to be controlled or transformed or decorated; she needs to be accepted in her entirety as a whole... She can be loved and celebrated as she is... But she is alive and must not be diminished or reduced.” In the light of this statement, write your ideas about Indian traditions of nature conservation. भारतीय आध्यात्मिक परम्परानुसार, “प्रकृति को नियंत्रित, रूपांतरित व सज्जित करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है; उसे अपनी पूर्णता में सम्पूर्णतः स्वीकार करने की आवश्यकता है......उसे जैसी वह है वैसे ही प्रेम किया जा सकता है व आनन्द मनाया जा सकता है........लेकिन यह जीवंत है तथा इसे घटाया या कम नहीं किया जाना चाहिए।" ।” इस कथन के प्रकाश में, प्रकृति संरक्षण की भारतीय परम्पराओं के बारे में अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer: Living in harmony with nature has always been a core part of Indian culture. This respect is shown through many traditional practices, religious beliefs, rituals, stories, arts, and daily routines. For example, Indians worship trees like peepal, banyan, and basil, and these sacred trees are generally not cut down. Holy animals such as cows, white rats, and snakes are never harmed. Indian art, sculptures, and decorations often feature themes from nature and wildlife. Also, traditional Indian villages kept special grazing areas for animals, and sacred rivers were kept clean. These practices show a deep cultural connection to preserving nature.
In simple words: Indian culture has always taught us to live peacefully with nature. This is seen in how people worship trees and animals, keep holy rivers clean, and show nature in their art.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a composition based on a quote, first explain what the quote means, then use examples from Indian culture (like sacred trees, animals, art) to support your ideas about nature conservation.

 

RBSE Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 5 Additional Questions

Answer the Following Questions in 10-15 Words:

 

Question 2. मानव ने स्वयं को प्राकृतिक बाधाओं को विजित करने में सक्षम कब से बनाया है?
Answer: Humans began to overcome natural challenges from the time they became farmers and started cultivating land. This marked a significant shift in their relationship with nature. यह उस समय से है जब मानव कृषक व काश्तकार बन चुका था।
In simple words: People started overcoming nature's limits when they became farmers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the pivotal role of agriculture in human history and its impact on man's ability to control and adapt to the natural environment.

 

Question 3. Which of the ancient civilizations have culminated in desert? प्राचीन सभ्यताओं में से कौनसी रेगिस्तान में समाप्त हुई?
Answer: The ancient civilizations that ended up in desert areas include Egypt, the kingdoms of West Asia, Carthage, and the Indus Valley civilization. These examples show how environmental changes can impact great societies. प्राचीन सभ्यताएँ जो रेगिस्तान में समाप्त हुईं वे मिस्र की, पश्चिमी एशिया के राज्यों की, कार्थिज की तथा सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता हैं।
In simple words: Civilizations like Egypt, West Asia's kingdoms, Carthage, and Indus Valley ended up in deserts.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific examples when asked for them. Knowing key historical civilizations and their environmental fates demonstrates good general knowledge.

 

Question 4. On what point are the ancient and modern civilizations similar? किस बिन्दु पर प्राचीन व आधुनिक सभ्यताएँ समान हैं?
Answer: Ancient and modern civilizations share a similarity in that they often fail to learn from past disasters. This ongoing pattern of not heeding historical warnings can lead to repeated mistakes. उन्होंने पूर्व की विपत्तियों से कुछ नहीं सीखा। इस बिन्दु पर वे समान है
In simple words: Both old and new civilizations are alike because they often do not learn from mistakes and past problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the cyclical nature of human error and the importance of historical learning to avoid repeating past societal collapses or environmental crises.

 

Question 5. Which capital are we Indians ruining imprudently? हम भारतीय कौन सी पूँजी विवेकहीनता से बर्बाद कर रहे हैं?
Answer: Indians are carelessly destroying the valuable natural capital of forests and wildlife. These natural resources are vital for our environment and future. हम भारतीय वन व वन्यजीवों रूपी पूँजी को विवेकहीनता से बर्बाद कर रहे हैं।
In simple words: We Indians are carelessly wasting our natural wealth, which includes forests and wild animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify 'forests and wildlife' as the natural capital being destroyed. Use strong verbs like 'ruining' or 'destroying' to convey the severity of the issue.

 

Question 6. What is required for the existence of rhinoceros? गैंडों के अस्तित्व के लिए क्या चाहिए?
Answer: Rhinoceros need swampy grass jungles to survive. This wet, grassy habitat provides them with food and a suitable environment. गैंडों के अस्तित्व के लिए एक दलदली घास वाले जंगल की आवश्यकता होती है।
In simple words: Rhinos need a wet, grassy jungle to live.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about animal habitats, be specific about the type of environment (e.g., 'swampy grass jungle' for rhinoceros) rather than just saying 'forest'.

 

पिनहैडिड (घुण्डीदार सिर वाली) बतख दलदली वन आवास का एक आवासी पक्षी है।

 

Question 8. Where in India are rhinoceros nowadays found? गैंडे आजकल भारत में कहाँ पाये जाते हैं?
Answer: In India, rhinoceros are currently found in regions like Assam and West Bengal. These areas provide the specific habitats they need to survive. गैंडे आजकल भारत में आसाम, पश्चिमी बंगाल आदि में पाये जाते हैं।
In simple words: Today, rhinos in India can be found in places like Assam and West Bengal.

🎯 Exam Tip: For geographical questions about animal distribution, name specific states or regions rather than just a general area to show detailed knowledge.

 

Question 9. Of what have lions been a victim? शेर किसके शिकार बन गये हैं?
Answer: Lions have become victims of the increasing pressure from human population. As people multiply, their habitats are destroyed for farming and other uses. This constant pressure has severely impacted lion populations. शेर, मानवों की बढ़ती हुई जनसंख्या के दबाव का शिकार बन गये हैं। खेती की जमीन के कारण उन्हें अपने आश्रयस्थल खोने पड़े हैं।
In simple words: Lions are suffering because of the growing human population, which is destroying their homes for farms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the decline of top predators like lions directly to human demographic expansion and subsequent habitat loss for a complete answer.

 

Question 10. What is the primary reason for the rarity of most of our wildlife? हमारे अधिकतर वन्यजीवों के दुर्लभ बन जाने का प्रमुख कारण क्या है?
Answer: The main reason why most of our wildlife is becoming rare is the destruction of their habitats. When their natural homes are lost, animals cannot survive or reproduce. आश्रयस्थल का विनाश होना हमारे अधिकतर वन्यजीवों के दुर्लभ बन जाने का प्रमुख कारण है।
In simple words: The main reason most wild animals are disappearing is because their natural homes are being destroyed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always identify 'habitat destruction' as the most significant threat to biodiversity. This is a fundamental concept in wildlife conservation.

 

Question 11. Who are the predators of agricultural pests? कृषि कीटों का शिकार करने वाले कौन हैं?
Answer: The natural predators of agricultural pests include snakes, lizards, frogs, owls, and diurnal birds of prey (birds that hunt during the day). These animals help control pest populations naturally. सर्प, छिपकलियाँ, मेंढ़क, उल्लू व दैन्य शिकारी पक्षी ही शिकार करने वाले हैं।
In simple words: Snakes, lizards, frogs, owls, and day-hunting birds eat farm pests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the role of natural predators in maintaining ecological balance and controlling pest populations without the need for chemical intervention.

 

Question 13. यदि मानव प्रकृति का अत्यधिक शोषण करेगा तो क्या होगा?
Answer: If humans exploit nature too much, they will become victims of ecological disasters. This means severe environmental problems will eventually harm people themselves. यदि मानव प्रकृति का अत्यधिक शोषण करेगा, तो वह पारिस्थितिकीय आपदा का शिकार हो जायेगा।
In simple words: If people use nature too much, they will face big environmental problems that will hurt them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the direct consequences of over-exploitation of nature, linking it to ecological disasters that eventually impact humanity.