RBSE Solutions Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 11 Chandalika

RBSE Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 11 Textual Activities

Activity - 1: Comprehension

Question 1. Who is Chandalika in the play titled Chandalika?
(a) Mother.
(b) Prakriti
(c) Prakriti's Sister
(d) Nothing is clear
Answer: (b) Prakriti
In simple words: In the play "Chandalika," the main character, Chandalika, is named Prakriti.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always identify the main characters and their names from the start of any play or story to avoid confusion.

Question 3. The play 'Chandalika' emphasizes that the value of a human being
(a) resides in a loving heart.
(b) resides in caste, creed and religion.
(c) resides in one's deeds.
(d) resides in worshipping the God.
Answer: (c) resides in one's deeds.
In simple words: The play teaches that what truly makes a person valuable is their actions and what they do, not their social status or beliefs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing a play's theme, look for the central message or moral it conveys about human nature or society.

B. Answer to the following questions should not exceed 10-15 words each:

Question 1. Who drew the water with which Janaki bathed in the exile ? वनवास में जानकी जिस पानी से स्नान करती थी उसे कौन खींचता था?
Answer: The water for Janaki's bath was drawn by a Chandal named Guhak. जानकी के स्नान के लिए पानी गुहक नामक एक चाण्डाल खींचता था।
In simple words: A person from the Chandal community named Guhak was the one who drew water for Janaki to bathe during her exile.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember specific character names and their roles, especially when they perform significant actions in the story.

Question 2. Who was the girl Prakriti waiting for? प्रकृति नामक लड़की किसकी प्रतीक्षा कर रही थी?
Answer: Prakriti was waiting for Ananda, a Buddhist monk. प्रकृति एक बौद्ध साधु, आनन्द की प्रतीक्षा कर रही थी।
In simple words: The girl, Prakriti, was waiting for a Buddhist monk named Ananda.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key relationships and anticipated meetings between characters, as they often drive the plot forward.

Question 3. Who, says the girl, has done the wonder ? लड़की के अनुसार किसने आश्चर्य का कार्य किया है?
Answer: According to her, a religion that insults is a false religion. उसके अनुसार जो धर्म अपमानित करता है वह धर्म मिथ्या है।
In simple words: The girl feels that a religion that disrespects people is not a true religion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to characters' personal philosophies or beliefs, as they reveal their perspectives on life and society.

Question 5. How do spiritual people, according to the mother, draw towards themselves? माँ के अनुसार आध्यात्मिक लोग किस प्रकार स्वयं की ओर आकर्षित करते हैं?
Answer: According to the mother they draw men by the strength of their virtue. माँ के अनुसार वे मनुष्यों को उनके सद्गुण की शक्ति से अपनी ओर आकर्षित करते हैं।
In simple words: The mother believes that spiritual people attract others with their good qualities and strong character.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question asks for a character's opinion, ensure your answer clearly attributes the viewpoint to that character.

Question 6. How, according to the mother, does a common man draw the spiritual people towards him? माँ के अनुसार एक सामान्य व्यक्ति किस प्रकार आध्यात्मिक लोगों को स्वयं की ओर आकर्षित करता।
Answer: A common man draws the spiritual men with spells, according to the mother. माँ के अनुसार एक सामान्य व्यक्ति आध्यात्मिक लोगों को जादू-मंत्रों से आकर्षित करता है।
In simple words: The mother thinks that ordinary people use magic spells to attract spiritual individuals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the contrast in beliefs between different characters; this often highlights key themes in the narrative.

Question 7. Name the Buddhist monk mentioned in the play. नाटक में उल्लिखित बौद्ध साधु का नाम बताइए।
Answer: The Buddhist monk's name is Ananda. बौद्ध साधु का नाम आनन्द है।
In simple words: The Buddhist monk mentioned in the play is named Ananda.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember proper nouns like character names for direct recall questions.

C. Answer to the following questions should not exceed 30-40 words each :

Question 1. Why does the girl Prakriti say that she is reborn? प्रकृति नामक लड़की ऐसा क्यों कहती है कि उसका दूसरा जन्म हुआ है?
Answer: Ananda, a Buddhist monk, asked Prakriti, a Chandal girl, to give him water. Ananda told her that she was for water. She suddenly finds herself free from the burden of her low birth. She feels that her life shall be fulfilled in this new birth. She will give everything to the monk. प्रकृति, जो एक अछूत चाण्डाल लड़की है, स्वयं को पूरी तरह तब परिवर्तित पाती है जब एक बौद्ध साधु उससे पानी माँगता है। वह अचानक स्वयं को निम्न कुल में जन्म लेने के भार से मुक्त पाती है। वह महसूस करती है कि उसका जीवन इस नये जन्म में परिपूर्ण होगा। वह उस साधु को सर्वस्व अर्पित कर देगी।
In simple words: Prakriti feels reborn because Ananda, a Buddhist monk, asked her for water. This made her feel free from the shame of her low birth, believing her life would be meaningful now. She felt honored and wanted to give everything to the monk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the character's emotional transformation and link it directly to the specific event that triggered it.

Question 2. What did she Buddhist monk say when Prakriti said that she was a Chandalini and therefore the well water is unclean? बौद्ध साधु ने क्या कहा जब प्रकृति ने यह कहा कि वह एक चाण्डालिनी थी और इसलिए कुएँ का पानी अपवित्र है?
Answer: He said that as he was a human being, so also was she, and all water is clean and holy that cools our heat and satisfies our thirst. उसने कहा कि जिस प्रकार वह एकं मनुष्य था, उसी प्रकार वह (प्रकृति). भी एक मनुष्य थी, और कि सभी प्रकार का पानी जो हमारी गर्मी को शान्त करता है तथा हमारी प्यास को बुझाता है, स्वच्छ एवं पवित्र होता है।
In simple words: The monk told Prakriti that both of them are human beings. He also said that all water is pure if it quenches thirst and cools the body, regardless of who draws it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the monk's message of equality and universality, as it is central to the play's theme.

Question 3. What was the marvellous truth that the Buddhist monk revealed to the girl Prakriti ? वह दिव्य सत्य क्या था जिसे बौद्ध साधु ने प्रकृति के समक्ष प्रकट किया?
Answer: The marvellous truth that the Buddhist monk revealed was that even Prakriti's (a Chandalini's) service will count with God who guides the world. Till now Prakriti had considered herself unclean and therefore unfit to serve. बौद्ध साधु ने जिस दिव्य सत्य को उजागर किया वह था, प्रकृति (एक चाण्डाल जाति की लड़की) की सेवा भी ईश्वर, जो दुनिया का मार्गदर्शन करता है, को स्वीकार है। अब तक प्रकृति ने स्वयं को अपवित्र माना था तथा सेवा के अयोग्य माना था।
In simple words: The monk showed Prakriti a wonderful truth: even her service, despite her caste, would be accepted by God. This made her realize that she was not unclean or unworthy to serve.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the revelation that changes a character's self-perception, as it's a pivotal moment in the story.

Question 4. How and why does the mother warn the girl’Prakriti ? माँ प्रकृति को किस प्रकार तथा क्यों चेतावनी देती है?
Answer: Prakriti's mother says that she is unclean and therefore she should be beware of tainting the outside world with her unclean presence. She tells Prakriti that an evil fate has cast her into an untouchable caste. She warns her not to try to practise the words of monks. माँ प्रकृति की माँ कहती है कि वह अपवित्र है और इसलिए उसे बाहरी दुनिया को उसकी अपवित्र उपस्थिति से गंदा करने से सावचेत रहना चाहिए। वह प्रकृति से कहती है कि एक बुरी नियति ने उसे अछूत जाति में डाल दिया है। वह चेतावनी देती है कि उसे साधुओं के शब्दों का पालन करने का प्रयास नहीं करना चाहिए।
In simple words: Prakriti's mother warns her that she is impure and must not spoil the world with her presence. She believes a bad fate made her an untouchable. So, she tells Prakriti not to follow the monks' teachings.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about warnings or advice, explain both *what* the warning is and *why* it is given from the character's perspective.

Question 6. What, according to the girl Prakriti, is self-humiliation? प्रकृति नामक लड़की के अनुसार आत्म-निन्दा क्या है?
Answer: Prakriti asks her mother not to delude herself with self-humiliation. Self humiliation is false, and a sin. She further says that plenty of slaves are born of royal blood and plenty of Chandals are born of Brahmin families. It is the deeds of a person that make him high-born or low-born. प्रकृति उसकी माँ से कहती है कि वह आत्म-निन्दा से स्वयं को भ्रमित न करे। आत्मनिन्दा मिथ्या है। तथा एक पाप है। आगे वह कहती है, बहुत सारे दास शाही खानदान में पैदा होते हैं तथा बहुत सारे । चाण्डाल ब्राह्मण परिवारों में। व्यक्ति के कर्म ही उसे उच्च अथवा निम्न कुल का बनाते हैं।
In simple words: Prakriti tells her mother that self-humiliation is wrong and a sin. She believes a person's deeds, not their birth, decide if they are high-born or low-born. She points out that people of royal blood can be slaves, and Chandals can be born into Brahmin families.

🎯 Exam Tip: In questions about character definitions or beliefs, summarize their core argument and the reasons they give to support it.

Question 7. Why does the girl Prakriti say that no one can do her the honour so well as he (Buddhist monk) can? प्रकृति ऐसा क्यों कहती है कि बौद्ध साधु के अतिरिक्त कोई भी अन्य व्यक्ति उसका वैसा सम्मान नहीं कर सकता जैसा वह कर सकता है?
Answer: It was the Buddhist monk, Ananda, who for the first time in her life recognized the essential humanity in Chandalika. He said, “As I am a human being, so also are you.....”. He gave her the honour of quenching Man's - thirst. He told her that even her, an untouchable's, service will count with god. Thus he did her a great honour. यह बौद्ध साधु आनन्द ही था, जिसने चाण्डालिका के जीवन में प्रथम बार आवश्यक मानवता को देखा। उसने कहा, "जैसे मैं मनुष्य हूँ, उसी तरह तुम भी हो।” उसने उसे मनुष्य की प्यास बुझाने का सम्मान दिया। उसने प्रकृति से कहा कि उसकी, एक अछूत की, सेवा भी ईश्वर द्वारा मानी जायेगी। इस प्रकार उस साधु ने उसे (प्रकृति को) महान् सम्मान दिया।
In simple words: Prakriti believes the Buddhist monk, Ananda, honored her uniquely because he was the first to see her true humanity. He treated her as an equal, saying "As I am a human being, so also are you." He also told her that even an untouchable's service would be valued by God.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on how the monk's words and actions validated Prakriti's existence, making it a profound moment for her.

D. Answer to the following questions should not exceed 60-80 words each :

Question 1. What does the girl Prakriti see in the mirror? प्रकृति नामक लड़की दर्पण में क्या देखती है?
Answer: Prakriti, an untouchable girl, falls in love with a Buddhist monk. She forces her mother to work her spells to bring the monk to their door. The mother gives her a mirror in which she can see what happens to the monk and how near he has come. After fifteen days, the girl sees in the mirror that the monk is in great agony. She cannot bear to see the monk in that state of total ruin. She sees the monk fenced with flame. “Only torment, unfathomable torment was on his face.” She tells her mother. She asks her mother to stop her spells though it will cost her life to do so. On second thoughts, she asks her mother to go on with her spells as she feels that the end of the path is so near. प्रकृति नामक अछूत लड़की एक बौद्ध साधु से प्रेम करने लगती है। वह अपनी माँ को बाध्य कर देती है कि वह उसके जादू को संचालित कर साधु को उनके दरवाजे पर लाए। माँ उसे एक दर्पण देती है। जिसमें वह देख सकती है कि साधु के साथ क्या होता है और वह कितना निकट आ गया है। पन्द्रह दिन बाद लड़की दर्पण में देखती है कि साधु अत्यधिक पीड़ित अवस्था में है। वह साधु को इस सम्पूर्ण विनाश की स्थिति में नहीं देख सकती है। वह साधु को आग से घिरा हुआ देखती है। "केवल कष्ट, अनन्त कष्ट उसके चेहरे पर था।” वह अपनी माँ से कहती है। वह माँ से उसके जादू को रोकने का आग्रह करती है, यद्यपि ऐसा करना उसके लिए जानलेवा सिद्ध होगा। पुनर्विचार करने के बाद वह (लड़की) जादू को जारी रखने का आग्रह करती है क्योंकि उसे लगता है कि साधु के मार्ग का अन्त आने वाला है।
In simple words: Prakriti sees the Buddhist monk in great pain in the magic mirror. She observes him surrounded by flames, suffering immense torment. At first, she wants her mother to stop the spells due to his suffering, but then she changes her mind, thinking the monk's arrival is very close.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe Prakriti's initial reaction to the monk's suffering and her subsequent change of heart, as it reveals her conflicting emotions.

Question 2. How does the girl Prakriti become aware that the monk's journey is at the end? प्रकृति नामक लड़की किस प्रकार सचेष्ट हो जाती है कि साधु की यात्रा अन्त पर आ पहुँची है?
Answer: Prakriti's mother works her spells to bring the monk to their doors while Prakriti dances and sings. She asks Prakriti to look into the mirror to find out how long will it be now. She refuses to look into the mirror. Rather, रहती है। वह प्रकृति से दर्पण में देखने को कहती है ताकि मालूम किया जा सके कि कितना समय अब और लगेगा। वह दर्पण में देखने से इंकार कर देती है। वह सुनना चाहेगी। वह उसकी माँ से थोड़ा और सहन करने का आग्रह करती है। वह अचानक आए तूफान की आवाज सुनती है, यह साधु के आने का तूफान है। उसके पैरों की पदचाप से पृथ्वी कांपती है। अन्त में आनन्द नामक साधु उनके दरवाजे पर प्रकट हो जाता है। वह थका हुआ, रंग उड़ा हुआ, तथा आत्म-पराजय का भारी बोझ उठाए हुए होता है।
In simple words: Prakriti's mother uses spells to bring the monk closer. While dancing, Prakriti hears the sound of an approaching storm and feels the earth tremble from footsteps. This, combined with her mother's magic, makes her realize that the monk, Ananda, is finally arriving at their door, looking tired and defeated.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention both the supernatural elements (spells, mirror) and sensory details (sounds, tremors) that contribute to Prakriti's awareness.

Question 3. Why does the mother call the girl Prakriti quite daring and why does the girl Prakriti say that the monk is much more daring than her ? माँ प्रकृति नामक बालिका को अत्यधिक दुस्साहसी क्यों कहती है तथा प्रकृति ऐसा क्यों कहती है कि साधु उससे (प्रकृति से) काफी अधिक दुस्साहसी है?
Answer: Prakriti's mother unwillingly prepares herself to work her spells to bring Ananda to their doors. Prakriti asks her not to be afraid of anything as she (Prakriti) herself takes the responsibility of the spell. She says it is no crime to draw the monk by spells to satisfy her longing. She does not care for a code which holds only punishment. This causes the mother to call Prakriti daring. Prakriti calls the monk more daring than herself as he could demand water from her, a low-born, untouchable girl and transform her. प्रकृति की माँ अनिच्छापूर्वक स्वयं को जादू संचालित करने हेतु तैयार करती है ताकि आनन्द को उनके दरवाजे पर लाया जा सके। प्रकृति माँ से कहती है कि उसे किसी भी चीज से डरने की आवश्यकता नहीं है क्योंकि वह जादू की सारी जिम्मेदारी स्वयं पर ले लेती है। वह कहती है कि उसकी इच्छा को पूरा करने हेतु साधु को जादू-मंत्रों के द्वारा खींच लाना अपराध नहीं है। वह ऐसे आचरण के नियमों की परवाह नहीं करती जिनमें केवल दण्ड का प्रावधान हो। इस पर माँ उसे दुस्साहसी कह देती है। प्रकृति साधु को स्वयं की अपेक्षा अत्यधिक दुस्साहसी कहती है क्योंकि उसने एक निम्न जाति में जन्मी, अछूत लड़की से पानी माँगा था तथा उसे परिवर्तित कर दिया था।
In simple words: Prakriti's mother calls her daring because Prakriti confidently takes charge of the magical spell, believing it's not wrong to use magic for her desires and ignoring social rules. Prakriti, in turn, finds the monk more daring because he, a high-status monk, asked for water from her, an untouchable girl, and fundamentally changed her perspective on life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both characters' reasons for calling someone "daring," focusing on their contrasting social statuses and defiance of norms.

Question E. Say whether the following are True or False. Write T for True and F for False in the bracket :
1. Buddha's famous disciple Anand has been mentioned in the play Chandalika.
2. The girl Chandalika is consumed by passion and adoration for the monk.
3. The play Chandalika is deeply rooted in the Indian ethos.
4. The play Chandalika is a study of moral and spiritual conflict.
5. The mother and the girl cast a spell on the monk to compel him to come.
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: For True/False questions, carefully read each statement and check its accuracy against the details of the play.

Activity - 2: Vocabulary

Question. The word 'wayfarer' used in the play means a person who travels from one place to another usually on foot. The word is formed with the stems 'way' and 'farer'. A number of new words can be formed by adding a stem/root to the word 'way'. Some of them are given below. Match the meaning of these words with the phrases given in column B. शब्द का प्रयोग इस नाटक में हुआ है जिसका अर्थ है, एक व्यक्ति जो सामान्यतया पैदल एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर जाता है। यह शब्द way तथा farer से बना है। way के साथ अन्य stems/roots को जोड़कर कई नए शब्द बनाए जा सकते हैं। इनमें से कुछ नीचे दिए जा रहे हैं। इन शब्दों के अर्थ को Column B में दिए गए वाक्यांशों से match कीजिए-

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching words, carefully read both the word and its definition. Look for context clues or familiar parts of the word to make the correct match.

Question 2. "He who has recognized me will 'reveal' me.” The verb 'recognized' in the sentence means 'to know' (more appropriately known). The following words are formed with the root 'recognize'. Look up their meanings in the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. (दिए गए वाक्य "He who has recognized me will reveal me." में क्रिया recognized का अर्थ है जानना (यहाँ जान लिया) निम्न शब्द recognize मूल (root) से बने है A Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary में इनके अर्ध को दिखाइए) recognizance, recognizable, recognition
Answer:
Recognizance = bond by which a person is bound to appear before a court of low at a certain time. (वचन-पत्र जिसके द्वारा कोई व्यक्ति निश्चित समय पर न्यायालय में उपस्थित होने को बाध्य हो ।)
Recognizable = that can be known or identified again. (जिसे जाना जा सके अथवा पुनः पहचाना जा सके।)
Recognition = recognizing or being recognized (पहचानना अथवा पहचाने जाना)
In simple words: 'Recognizance' is a promise to appear in court. 'Recognizable' means something can be known again. 'Recognition' is the act of knowing or being known. All these words come from the root 'recognize,' meaning 'to know.'

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding common word roots like 'recognize' can help you guess the meaning of unfamiliar words and expand your vocabulary quickly.

Activity - 3: Grammar

Question. Transformation of Sentences aret i transformation airgeft, are as (form) ont fait stef age aga all दिए गए वाक्य निर्देशित नयी रचनाओं के आधार पर परिवर्तित किए गए हैं। इस प्रक्रिया में प्रायः शब्दों के क्रम में बदलाव करना पड़ता है। यह बदलाव नयी प्रकार की रचनाओं के अनुरूप किए जाते। हैं किन्तु अर्थ अपरिवर्तित रहता है।
Answer: This section provides examples of sentence transformations, showing how sentences can be rewritten into different grammatical structures while keeping the same meaning.
In simple words: This part shows how to change sentences into different forms, like making a simple sentence compound or vice-versa, without changing what they mean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the examples to understand how sentence structures change. Practice identifying the type of transformation (e.g., Comparative to Positive Degree) and the new connecting words used.

A. Study the following examples of transformation

Question. Examples of sentence transformation are shown below.
1. Vishal is more intelligent than Supriya. (Comparative degree)
Supriya is not so intelligent as Vishal. (Positive degree)
2. Ravi is the wisest boy in the class. (Superlative degree)
No other boy in the class is so wise as Ravi. (Positive)
3. He is so proud that he won't listen to others. (Negative)
4. Who does not know about Padmini's Johar? (Interrogative)
Everyone knows about Padmini's Johar. (Assertive)
5. I will always remember your kind cooperation. (Affirmative)
I will never forget your kind cooperation. (Negative)
6. He is too proud to listen to others. (Affirmative)
He is so proud that he won't listen to others. (Negative)
7. As soon as we had finished it began to rain. (Affirmative)
No sooner had we finished than it began to rain. Negative)
8. Who does not know about Padmini's Johar? (Interrogative)
Everyone knows about Padmini's Johar. (Assertive)
9. What though we miss the bus? (Interrogative)
It does not matter if we miss the bus. (Assertive)
10. Why waste time in waiting for the rains? (Interrogative)
It is foolish to waste time in waiting for the rains. (Assertive)
11. Everyone wants to be a millionaire. (Assertive)
Who does not want to be a millionaire ? (Interrogative)
12. What a beautiful park it is ! (Exclamatory)
It is a very beautiful park. (Assertive)
13. How hot the day is! (Exclamatory)
It is a very hot day. (Assertive)
14. How he snores! (Exclamatory)
He snores loudly. (Assertive)
Answer: This section provides examples of how sentences can be transformed from one grammatical form to another (e.g., Comparative to Positive, Affirmative to Negative, Interrogative to Assertive, Exclamatory to Assertive) while maintaining their original meaning. Each example shows both the original and the transformed sentence.
In simple words: These examples show how to change sentence types, like making a question into a statement, or a strong feeling into a normal statement, all without changing the basic message.

🎯 Exam Tip: When practicing transformations, always confirm that the meaning of the original sentence is perfectly preserved in the transformed one. Pay attention to the specific keywords and structures used for each type of change.

B. Some more examples of transformation

Question. Here are more examples of sentence transformation.
1. Hearing a gun-shot, he turned round. (Simple sentence)
He heard a gun-shot and turned round. (Compound Sentence)
2. Inspite of her hard work, she failed the examination. (Simple)
She worked hard but failed the examination. (Compound)
3. Owing to fever he could not come. (Simple)
He had fever, so he could not come. (Compound)
4. Besides stealing the money, he murdered the owner. (Simple)
He not only stole the money but also murdered the owner. (Compound)
5. You must make haste to catch the train. (Simple)
You must make haste, or you won't catch the train. (Compound)
9. I must finish my day's work, or I can't leave the office. (Compound)
I must finish my day's work to leave the office. (Simple)
10. It is too cold to go out. (Simple)
It is so cold that we can't go out. (Complex)
11. We were happy to hear the good news. (Simple)
We were happy when we heard the good news. (Complex)
12. The train arrived on time inspite of thick, fog. (Simple)
The train arrived on time though there was thick fog. (Complex)
13. He admitted that he had stolen the bag. (Complex)
He admitted stealing the bag. (Simple).
14. He proved that he was innocent. (Complex)
He proved his innocence. (Simple)
15. She did it when he was absent. (Complex)
She did it in his absence. (Simple)
16. He missed the train because he was late. (Complex)
Being late, he missed the train. (Simple)
17. Irrigate the fields and the crops will grow fast. (Compound)
If you irrigate the fields, the crops will grow fast. (Complex)
18. Wear your woollens, or you will catch cold. (Compound)
Unless you wear your woollens, you will catch cold. (Complex)
19. It is not raining, yet she is carrying an umbrella. (Compound)
Though it is not raining, she is carrying an umbrella. (Complex)
20. If you work hard, you will win the prize. (Complex)
Work hard and you will win the prize. (Compound)
21. We sow (so) that we may reap. (Complex)
We wish to reap, therefore, we sow. (Compound)
22. I have found the key that I had lost. (Complex)
I had lost the key but I have found it now. (Compound)
Answer: This section offers additional examples of sentence transformations between Simple, Compound, and Complex sentences. Each original sentence is followed by its transformed versions, demonstrating how different conjunctions and clauses are used to change sentence structure while keeping the meaning consistent.
In simple words: These are more examples of changing sentences from simple to compound or complex forms. You learn how to use words like 'and', 'but', 'if', 'when', or 'though' to connect ideas in different ways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the use of conjunctions (like 'and', 'but', 'or' for compound, and 'if', 'when', 'though', 'because' for complex) as they are crucial for correct sentence transformation.

Exercise B

Question. Convert the following sentences as directed :
(1) Besides scolding the child, she also beat him. (Simple to Compound)
(7) When he saw the snake, he ran away. (Complex to Simple, begin with 'seeing')
(8) I saw a tiger which was wounded. (Complex to Simple using participle phrase)
(9) He received the message and left at once. (Compound to Complex using 'as soon as')
(10) We heard a cry and looked round (Compound to Complex begin with 'when')
(11) Though they saw the danger, they did not stop work. (Complex to Compound using 'and yet)
(12) If he rings the bell, the students will come out of their classes. (Complex to compound-using 'and')
Answer:
1. She not only scolded the child, but also beat him.
2. He has all his wealth, yet he is unhappy.
3. Raising her gun, she shot the bird.
4. Despite having high fever, Vipul attended the class.
5. I believe that he is a worthy man.
6. Though the weather was bad, we went out.
7. Seeing the snake, he ran away.
8. I saw a wounded tiger.
9. As soon as he received the message, he left.
10. When we heard a cry, we looked around.
11. They saw the danger and yet they did not stop work.
12. Let him ring the bell and the students will come out of their classes.
In simple words: The sentences are transformed as instructed. For example, a simple sentence can be made compound by adding 'and' or 'but', and complex sentences often use words like 'when' or 'though'.

🎯 Exam Tip: When converting sentences, ensure you change the structure according to the instruction (e.g., Simple to Compound) while maintaining the exact meaning of the original sentence.

Activity - 4: Speech Activity

Question. The Indian scriptures ban the practice of untouchability. Organize a symposium on the following - 'Untouchability Prohibits the Social and Economic Growth of a Nation'. Divide the class into groups and ask every group leader to make a presentation based on the ideas of his/her group members. (भारत के धर्मशास्त्र अस्पृश्यता की प्रथा का निषेध करते हैं। निम्न विषय पर एक परिचर्चा आयोजित कीजिए-'अस्पृश्यता किसी देश की सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक वृद्धि को रोकती है।' कक्षा को समूहों में विभाजित कीजिए तथा प्रत्येक समूह के मुखिया को विचार प्रस्तुति के लिए निवेदन कीजिए। ये विचार उसके समूह के सदस्यों के विचारों पर आधारित होने चाहिए।)।
Answer: Untouchability Prohibits the Social and Economic Growth of a Nation Untouchability is a social evil specific to Indian society. The Indian scriptures ban the practice of untouchability. But it is true that this evil is Among economic disabilities, we can count lack of right to property, lack of choice of profession, compulsion to be landless labourers and their inability to share religious places with others. It can easily be concluded that the untouchables have been forced to live a life of social and economic backwardness. It has the capability of contributing to the social and economic growth of the country. But given the lack of opportunities to grow socially and economically, this stratum of society can hardly be an asset to the country. Unless the society gives them opportunities to grow socially, economically, educationally and politically, our country will not be able to use the abilities of such a large chunk of its population. अस्पृश्यता देश की सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक प्रगति में बाधा पहुँचाती है। अस्पृश्यता भारतीय समाज की एक विशिष्ट बुराई है। भारत के धर्मशास्त्र भी अस्पृश्यता का निषेध करते हैं। लेकिन यह सच है कि यह बुराई भारतीय समाज में गहरे से व्याप्त रही है तथा आज भी व्यवहार में इसका पूर्णतः उन्मूलन नहीं हुआ है। अस्पृश्यता की बुराई देश की सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक प्रगति में बाधा पहुँचाती है। अस्पृश्यता की बुराई ने समाज के कुछ वर्गों को समाज से बहिष्कृत बना दिया तथा उनका सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक पृथक्करण कर दिया। वे कई प्रकार की सामाजिक अक्षमताओं का शिकार हो गए, जैसे-निम्नतम सामाजिक दर्जा, शैक्षणिक पिछड़ापन, सामाजिक बहिष्कार तथा सार्वजनिक सुविधाओं से वंचित होना आदि। आर्थिक अक्षमताओं में सम्पत्ति के अधिकार का न होना, व्यवसाय का चुनाव न कर सकना, बंधुआ मजदूर बने रहने की अनिवार्यता तथा अन्य लोगों के साथ धार्मिक स्थानों में भागीदारी न होना आदि को शामिल कर सकते हैं। सहज ही यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि अस्पृश्यों को सामाजिक-आर्थिक पिछड़ेपन का जीवन बिताने पर बाध्य कर दिया गया। इस वर्ग में देश के सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास में योगदान देने की क्षमता है किन्तु अवसरों के अभाव के कारण समाज का यह तबका देश की सम्पत्ति नहीं बन सका। जब तक समाज इन्हें सामाजिक, आर्थिक, शैक्षणिक तथा राजनैतिक रूप से विकसित होने का अवसर नहीं देता तब तक हमारा देश आबादी के इतने बड़े भाग की क्षमताओं का उपयोग नहीं कर पायेगा।
In simple words: Untouchability is a social problem in India that slows down a nation's growth. It denies people basic rights like owning property, choosing jobs, and using public spaces, leading to social and economic backwardness. A country cannot fully grow if it doesn't give opportunities to all its citizens, including those affected by untouchability.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing social issues, always include the problems caused by the issue (social, economic, educational) and how it hinders national progress.

Activity - 5: Composition

Question. The great leaders such as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and M.K. Gandhi launched a crusade to eradicate untouchability from India. Write a paragraph of about 250 words describing the initiatives taken up by Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhiji for the eradication of untouchablity. (डॉ. बी.आर. अम्बेडकर तथा एम.के. गाँधी जैसे महान् नेताओं ने भारत से अस्पृश्यता के उन्मूलन के लिए अभियान शुरू किया था। करीब 250 शब्दों का एक पैराग्राफ लिखिए जिसमें डॉ. अम्बेडकर एवं गाँधीजी द्वारा अस्पृश्यता के उन्मूलन के लिए उठाए गए कदमों का वर्णन किया गया हो।)
Answer: Initiatives taken up by Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhiji for Eradication of Untouchability The functional division of labour in India led to the establishment of a rigid caste system in the Indian society. The population was Many efforts were made by Gandhiji and Dr. Ambedkar to eradicate the evil of untouchability. Gandhi declared himself an 'untouchable' by choice. Gandhi insisted on Hindus to abandon untouchability. Ambedkar insisted on laws against untouchability. He pleaded for basic civil rights for the Dalits, and their political empowerment. He even urged the Dalits to convest to Buddhism and himself did so in 1956. He fought for Dalit rights against Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. By his efforts, untouchability was banned by law and safeguards for Dalit rights were provided for in the constitution. डॉ. अम्बेडकर एवं गाँधीजी द्वारा अस्पृश्यता उन्मूलन के लिए उठाये गये कदम कार्य के अनुसार श्रम के विभाजन ने भारतीय समाज में कठोर जाति-व्यवस्था की स्थापना कर दी। देश की आबादी को परिवारों एवं समूहों के कार्यों अथवा व्यवसायों के आधार पर वर्गों में बाँट दिया। गया। ये विभाजन कालान्तर में अत्यन्त कठोर बन गए। कुछ जातियों को अस्पृश्य माना जाने लगा। विशेषाधिकार सम्पन्न वर्गों के पास इतनी सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक शक्ति थी कि अस्पृश्य लोग गुलामों की स्थिति में धकेल दिए गए जिन्हें कानूनी अधिकारों, शिक्षा में पहुँच, आधारभूत नागरिक अधिकारों, धर्मस्थलों में प्रवेश एवं सार्वजनिक जल प्रणाली से वंचित कर दिया गया। अस्पृश्यता की बुराई के कारण गाँधीजी एवं डॉ. अम्बेडकर ने इसके उन्मूलन के अनेक प्रयत्न किये। गाँधी ने स्वयं को स्वैच्छिक दलित घोषित कर दिया। गाँधी ने हिन्दुओं पर अस्पृश्यता त्यागने का दबाव डाला। अम्बेडकर ने अस्पृश्यता के विरुद्ध कानून पर जोर दिया। उन्होंने दलितों के लिए मूलभूत अधिकारों तथा उनके राजनैतिक सशक्तिकरण का समर्थन किया। उन्होंने दलितों से धर्म परिवर्तन कर बौद्ध बन जाने का आग्रह किया तथा स्वयं 1956 में बौद्ध बन गए। उन्होंने दलितों के अधिकारों के लिए गाँधी एवं भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस से भी संघर्ष किया। उनके प्रयासों से अस्पृश्यता को कानून द्वारा निषिद्ध कर दिया गया तथा दलितों के अधिकारों के लिए सुरक्षा-उपाय संविधान में शामिल किए गए।
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar both worked hard to end untouchability in India. Gandhi asked Hindus to give up this practice, even declaring himself an "untouchable" by choice. Ambedkar focused on making laws against untouchability, fighting for the civil and political rights of Dalits. He also encouraged Dalits to convert to Buddhism, which he himself did in 1956. Their combined efforts led to untouchability being banned by law and special protections for Dalits in the constitution.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing historical figures' contributions, specify their individual approaches and the significant outcomes of their efforts, such as new laws or social changes.

RBSE Class 11 English Festoon Chapter 11 Additional Questions

Short Answer Type Questions (Word Limit : 10-15 Words)

Question 1. How does the mother describe the afternoon heat ? माँ किस प्रकार दोपहर की गर्मी का वर्णन करती है?
Answer: She says that the sun is blistering and the earth too hot for the feet. वह कहती है कि धूप शरीर पर फफोले पैदा कर देने वाली तथा जमीन इतनी गर्म है कि उस पर चलना कठिन है।
In simple words: The mother describes the afternoon sun as causing blisters and the ground as too hot to walk on.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note specific descriptive words used by characters, as they vividly portray the setting or their feelings.

Question 2. What indication of the burning heat does she refer to ?
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: When an answer is not provided, rely on context from other questions or sections to infer possible details.

Question 3. What, according to the mother, may Prakriti be doing ?
माँ के अनुसार प्रकृति क्या कर रही हो सकती है?
Answer: She may be doing penance like Uma in the burning sun. The mother believes Prakriti might be performing a religious act by enduring the intense heat.
वह जलती धूप में उमा की भाँति प्रायश्चित कर रही हो सकती है।
In simple words: The mother thinks Prakriti might be doing penance, like Uma, under the hot sun.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about character's thoughts or feelings, ensure your answer reflects the specific character's perspective as stated in the text.

Question 4. What puzzles Prakriti's mother ?
प्रकृति की माँ को कौनसी बात असमंजस में डाल देती है?
Answer: Prakriti's mother is puzzled because she fears Prakriti might have hidden her low caste status. She thinks Prakriti did this to make someone ask her for water, which would be against their customs.
उसे डर है कि अवश्य प्रकृति ने किसी व्यक्ति से स्वयं की जाति छिपायी होगी ताकि उसे पानी माँगने को प्रोत्साहित किया जा सके।
In simple words: Prakriti's mother is confused, thinking Prakriti might have hidden her caste so someone would ask her for water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the core emotion or reason behind a character's actions or feelings to provide a clear and concise answer.

Question 5. How does the stranger deal with question of Prakriti's belonging to Chandal caste?
अजनबी प्रकृति के चाण्डाल जाति से सम्बन्धित होने के प्रश्न से किस प्रकार निपटता है?
Answer: The stranger says that being part of the Chandal caste does not make a person inferior. He compares it to the water from black clouds, which is also called "chandal" but is not bad. This means he believes true worth is not based on caste.
वह कहता है कि चाण्डाल जाति का होने मात्र से कोई व्यक्ति उसी तरह घटिया नहीं हो जाता जिस प्रकार चाण्डाल नाम दे दिए गए बादलों का पानी।
In simple words: The stranger explains that being a Chandal doesn't make someone bad, just like how water from black clouds is called chandal but is still good water.

🎯 Exam Tip: When analyzing character interactions, note how characters challenge or reinforce societal norms through their dialogue.

Question 6. What is self-humiliation according to the stranger?
अजनबी के अनुसार आत्मनिन्दा क्या है?
Answer: According to the stranger, self-humiliation is considered a sin, and it is even worse than murder. He believes that belittling oneself is a serious wrong.
उसके अनुसार आत्मनिन्दा एक पाप है, जो हत्या के पाप से भी अधिक बुरा है।
In simple words: The stranger says that hurting your own self-respect is a big sin, even worse than murder.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to strong statements made by characters, as they often reveal key moral or philosophical themes of the story.

Question 7. What is the Buddhist monk's reaction when Prakriti calls herself a Chandalini and the water unclean ?
बौद्ध साधु की प्रतिक्रिया क्या होती है जब प्रकृति स्वयं को चाण्डालिनी तथा पानी को अपवित्र कहती
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: In questions asking for a character's reaction, focus on their immediate words and actions as described in the text.

Question 8. What does Prakriti feel after giving water to the monk ?
साधु को पानी पिलाने के बाद प्रकृति क्या महसूस करती है?
Answer: After giving water to the monk, Prakriti feels that the small amount of water she poured into his hands expanded into an ocean. In this symbolic ocean, her caste identity was washed away, and her very birth became purified. She experiences a profound sense of liberation and honor.
वह महसूस करती है कि जिस थोड़े-से पानी को उसने उसके हाथों में उड़ेला था वह समुद्र बन गया जिसमें उसकी जाति (निम्न जाति) डूब गयी तथा उसका जन्म पवित्र हो गया।
In simple words: After giving water, Prakriti feels like her low caste is gone, and her life has become pure, as if by a vast ocean.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a character's feelings or transformation, describe the emotional and symbolic changes they experience, using descriptive language.

Question 9. What makes Prakriti think of a new birth ?
प्रकृति एक नये जन्म के बारे में सोचने को क्यों बाध्य हो जाती है?
Answer: Prakriti is compelled to think of a new birth because the monk, a respected figure, asked her for water. This simple act makes her feel highly honored and as if she has been reborn, escaping the limitations of her previous life and caste.
संन्यासी द्वारा उससे पानी माँगना उसे यह सोचने पर बाध्य कर देता है कि वह अत्यधिक सम्मानित हुई है तथा उसका नया जन्म हुआ है।
In simple words: The monk asking her for water makes Prakriti feel so respected that she believes she has been reborn into a new life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect character's internal thoughts (like a "new birth") to external events or interactions that trigger those feelings.

Question 10. What does the monk want to convey when he talks about Janki in her forest exile.
संन्यासी जानकी के वनवास की बात कर क्या बताना चाहता है?
Answer: When the monk talks about Janaki (Sita), Lord Ram's wife, during her forest exile, he wants to convey that even she, a holy figure, respected and considered the water brought by a Chandal as pure. This implies that true purity and worth are not determined by caste.
संन्यासी यह कहना चाहता है कि जानकी, भगवान राम की पत्नी, भी उस जल को पवित्र मानती थी जिसे एक चाण्डाल लाता था।
In simple words: The monk uses Janaki's story to show that even holy people respected water from a Chandal, meaning caste does not define purity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Look for historical or mythological references in the text as they often carry symbolic meaning or serve to illustrate a character's argument.

Question 11. What was the marvellous truth taught to Prakriti by the monk?
संन्यासी द्वारा प्रकृति को सिखाया गया दिव्य सत्य क्या था?
Answer: The marvellous truth taught to Prakriti by the monk was that even she, a Chandal girl, could serve God with His approval. This message helps her understand that her caste does not prevent her from being worthy in the eyes of the divine.
दिव्य सत्य जो उसे सिखाया गया वह था, कि वह, एक चाण्डाल लड़की, भी सेवा कर सकती है। और ईश्वर की भी ऐसी अनुमति है।
In simple words: The monk taught Prakriti that even a Chandal girl like her could serve God and be accepted by Him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the central message or lesson a character learns, especially when a "truth" or "revelation" is mentioned.

Question 12. Do you think Prakriti's mother is a fatalist ? How?
क्या प्रकृति की माँ भाग्यवादी व्यक्ति है? कैसे?
Answer:

🎯 Exam Tip: To assess if a character is a fatalist, look for their statements about destiny, fate, or the inability to change one's circumstances.

Question 13. What is the meaning of Prakriti's song, “Blessed am I ............ worship through me” ?
प्रकृति के गीत का अर्थ क्या है, "Blessed am me"?
Answer: In her song, Prakriti considers herself a newly bloomed flower that has been freed from its lowly existence. She feels blessed and wishes to be elevated by God's grace, indicating a desire for spiritual upliftment and acceptance beyond her social status.
वह स्वयं को एक पुष्प मानती है जो उसके निम्न जीवन से मुक्त हो चुका है तथा ईश्वर की कृपा द्वारा उद्धार चाहता है।
In simple words: Prakriti's song means she feels like a flower freed from a humble life and wants God's grace to elevate her, symbolizing her desire for a new, purer existence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze poetic or metaphorical language by interpreting the symbols (like "flower") and connecting them to the character's internal journey or transformation.

Question 14. How can women rise in esteem and power according to Prakriti's mother?
प्रकृति की माँ के अनुसार महिलाएँ किस प्रकार प्रतिष्ठा एवं शक्ति में ऊपर उठ सकती हैं?
Answer: According to Prakriti's mother, women can gain respect and power through dedicated service. She believes that by serving others, women can earn a position of honor and authority.
उसके अनुसार महिलायें सेवा करके ही पूजा कर सकती हैं तथा सेवा करके ही वे शासन कर सकती हैं।
In simple words: Prakriti's mother believes women can get respect and power by serving others diligently.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a character expresses a specific view on societal roles, state it clearly and accurately, as it often reflects a particular cultural or personal belief.

Question 15. What was the attitude of the king's son towards her according to Prakriti?
प्रकृति के अनुसार राजा के पुत्र का उसके प्रति क्या दृष्टिकोण था?
Answer: According to Prakriti, the king's son viewed her as nothing more than an animal—a beautiful beast meant to be confined and controlled, perhaps with chains of gold. This shows his dehumanizing and possessive attitude towards her.
वह उसे एक जंगली जानवर, एक सुन्दर जंगली जानवर समझता था जिसे सोने की जंजीरों में बाँधा जा सके।
In simple words: Prakriti felt the king's son saw her as a beautiful animal to be owned and controlled, not as a human.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on adjectives and descriptive phrases used by characters to explain how others perceive them, as these reveal underlying power dynamics and prejudices.

Question 16. In what state does Prakriti see Ananda ?
प्रकृति आनन्द को किस स्थिति में देखती है?
Answer: Prakriti sees Ananda in immense agony. This suffering is so severe that she cannot bear to witness it reflected in the mirror, indicating his deep distress caused by her magical spell.
वह आनन्द को भयानक कष्ट में पाती है। उसे यह असह्य लगता है कि वह दर्पण में उसे भयानक कष्ट की स्थिति में देखे।
In simple words: Prakriti sees Ananda in great pain and suffering, which is too much for her to watch.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the visual details and emotional impact when a character observes another, especially in moments of distress.

Question 17. How does Prakriti plan to rid Ananda of his sorrow?
प्रकृति आनन्द को उसके दुःख से मुक्ति दिलाने की क्या योजना रखती है?
Answer: Prakriti plans to relieve Ananda of his sorrow by symbolically "bathing his heart in the deep waters of her pain's immensity." This suggests she intends to use her own intense suffering and love to cleanse him of his distress, possibly through her magical power or devotion.
वह प्रस्ताव करती है कि वह उसके हृदय को स्वयं के (प्रकृति के) कष्ट की विशालता में स्नान करा कर दूर कर देगी।
In simple words: Prakriti plans to remove Ananda's sadness by sharing her own deep feelings and sorrow with him, like washing his heart with her pain.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a character proposes a solution, identify both the literal action and any symbolic meaning behind their words, especially in poetic or dramatic contexts.

Question 19. In what condition does Ananda reach at Prakriti's doors?
आनन्द किस स्थिति में प्रकृति के दरवाजे पर पहुँचता है?
Answer: Ananda arrives at Prakriti's doors looking ghastly. His usual radiance, purity, and heavenly glow have disappeared, indicating that the spell has drained him, leaving him in a weakened and disfigured state.
वह वीभत्स दृश्य के रूप में होता है जिसकी चमक, पवित्रता तथा स्वर्गिक दिव्य प्रकाशमानता गायब।
In simple words: Ananda arrives at Prakriti's door looking very sick and pale, having lost his usual bright and pure appearance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe a character's physical appearance and condition when asked, as it often reflects their internal state or the effects of external events.

Question 20. What is Prakriti's final prayer to the Buddhist monk, Ananda ?
बौद्ध संन्यासी के प्रति प्रकृति की अन्तिम प्रार्थना क्या है?
Answer: Prakriti's final prayer to Ananda is to ask for his forgiveness. She seeks pardon for the torment he had to endure because of her actions, which were aimed at gaining her own deliverance or freedom from her lower caste identity.
वह उस भयानक कष्ट के लिए क्षमा माँगती है जिससे आनन्द गुजरा है क्योंकि वह उसे (प्रकृति को मुक्ति दिलाना चाहता था।
In simple words: Prakriti's final prayer is to ask Ananda to forgive her for all the suffering she caused him by her actions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the character's explicit words or actions when identifying a "final prayer" or plea, and explain its underlying motivation.