RBSE Solutions Class 10 English Grammar Clauses

1. Noun Clause

We already know that a Noun Clause acts like a noun in a sentence. This means it takes the place of a noun.

Function of the Noun Clause

(i) Subject to a verb

In this function, the Noun Clause acts as the main subject of a verb in the sentence. For example, in "What he does is not known to me," the clause "What he does" is the subject of "is known."

(ii) Object to a verb

A Noun Clause can also serve as the direct object of a verb. For instance, in "He promised that he would help me," the clause "that he would help me" is what he promised.

(iii) Object to a Preposition

When a Noun Clause follows a preposition, it acts as the object of that preposition. For example, "Please attend to what I say," here "what I say" is the object of the preposition "to."

(iv) Object to an Infinitive

A Noun Clause can be the object of an infinitive verb (like 'to hear'). In the sentence "I am glad to hear that you have passed," the clause "that you have passed" is the object of "to hear."

(v) In Apposition to a Noun or pronoun

A Noun Clause in apposition explains or gives more information about a preceding noun or pronoun. For example, in "The news that you have passed is very interesting," "that you have passed" clarifies what "the news" is.

Exercise Solved

Question 1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the most suitable word given in the bracket.
4. This is ________ (where/here/which) she works.
5. There is no complaint except ________ (who/which/that) you often come late.
6. I am not sure ________ .(which/where/how)he has gone.
7. She wants to know ________ (what/who/which) is going on there.
8. Thinking ________ (that/which/who) he would die, they took him to a hospital.
9. No one is aware of ________ .(who/that/which) she had written the letter.
10. She denied ________ .(which/how/which) he has opened the lock.
Answer:
4. This is where she works.
5. There is no complaint except that you often come late.
6. I am not sure where he has gone.
7. She wants to know what is going on there.
8. Thinking that he would die, they took him to a hospital.
9. No one is aware of that she had written the letter.
10. She denied which he has opened the lock. This choice implies that she denied the fact of opening the lock, which is described by 'which'.
In simple words: Pick the word that best fits the blank. For 'where', it means a place. 'That' introduces a fact. 'What' refers to a thing or action. Choose the connector that makes the sentence flow correctly and logically.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the context of the sentence. Words like 'where' indicate location, 'that' introduces a statement, and 'what' refers to an unspecified thing or action.

Question 2. Combine the following sentences by using a noun clause.
1. You said something. it is true.
2. When will the bus arrive? The time is uncertain.
3. I was wrong, the teacher told me this.
4. You are repentant. I will not forget it.
5. He had written something. I found him revising it.
6. You won a scholarship. I am happy to learn it.
7. He will improve. This is our hope.
8. You will pass. I am confident.
9. I said something. I am happy for it.
10. He has been telling a lie. It is quite clear.
Answer:
1. What you said is true.
2. When the bus will arrive is uncertain.
3. The teacher told me that I was wrong.
4. I will not forget that you are repentant.
5. I found him revising what he had written.
6. I am happy to learn that you won a scholarship.
7. Our hope is that he will improve.
8. I am confident that you will pass.
9. I am happy for what I said.
10. It is quite clear that he has been telling a lie. Noun clauses function like nouns, acting as subjects or objects in sentences.
In simple words: Join the two sentences into one longer sentence. The noun clause will act like the main thing or idea in the new sentence. For example, "What you said" acts as the subject of the sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the common element or the main idea being conveyed in both sentences. Use connectors like 'that', 'what', 'when', 'where', 'why', 'how', or 'whether' to form the noun clause.

Question 2. Combine the following sentences by using a noun clause.
1. He will not come in time. I am quite sure.
2. The patient will soon recover. The doctor said so.
3. I am giving to my friend's place. Everybody knows this.
4. I was delighted. I heard about my brother's safe arrival.
5. Will you help me in this case? I want to know this.
Answer:
1. I am quite sure that he will not come in time.
2. The doctor said that the patient will soon recover.
3. Everybody knows that I am giving to my friend's place. (The noun clause 'that I am giving to my friend's place' functions as the object of the verb 'knows'.)
4. I was delighted that I heard about my brother's safe arrival.
5. I want to know whether you will help me in this case.
In simple words: Use a noun clause to connect the two short sentences into one meaningful sentence. The noun clause will act as the object of the main verb or as a complement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When combining sentences with a noun clause, choose the right conjunction (like 'that', 'whether', 'what') that correctly links the idea of the second sentence to the first. Ensure the combined sentence sounds natural and clear.

2. Adverb Clause of Condition

An Adverb Clause of Condition starts with words like 'if', 'unless', or 'whether'. These clauses can also be placed after the main clause in a sentence. They specify the conditions under which the action in the main clause will take place. For instance, "If you run fast, you will catch the train" shows a condition.

Adverb Clause Of Time

An Adverb Clause of Time indicates when an action in the main clause happens. These clauses can be used in three main positions: before the main clause, after the main clause, or sometimes in the middle of a sentence to add specific timing details.

Uses

Exercise Solved

Question 1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate words given in the bracket.
3. Agriculture must be improved ________ (as long as/if/ in case) there will be scarcity of food grains in the country.
4. Rajasthan is the biggest state in areas ________ (unless/in case/whether) you accept it or not.
5. I will go for higher studies ________ (if/whether/even if) I have problems.
Answer:
3. Agriculture must be improved in case there will be scarcity of food grains in the country.
4. Rajasthan is the biggest state in areas whether you accept it or not.
5. I will go for higher studies even if I have problems. These connectors help describe the relationship between actions or conditions.
In simple words: Choose the word that best connects the two parts of the sentence. Think about what kind of link it creates—is it a condition, a choice, or something that happens despite something else?

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully read the context to determine the logical connection. 'In case' indicates preparation for a possibility, 'whether' shows choice or doubt, and 'even if' implies a concession despite a condition.

Question 2. Join the following pairs of sentences using the word/connectors given in the brackets.
1. You are kind to others. They will love you. (If)
2. The accused told the truth. The judge did not believe him. (Even if)
3. The government should dig canals in Rajasthan. There is a great scarcity of water. (In case)
4. You took regular exercises. You would have been healthy. (Had)
5. Tell the truth or you will be punished. (unless)
Answer:
1. If you are kind to others, they will love you.
2. Even if the accused told the truth, the judge did not believe him.
3. The government should dig canals in Rajasthan in case there is a great scarcity of water. This is an example of an adverb clause showing condition or reason.
4. Had you taken regular exercises, you would have been healthy.
5. Unless you tell the truth, you will be punished.
In simple words: Use the word given in the brackets to join the two sentences. This word will help show how the two sentences are connected, like a condition or a consequence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the meaning of the connector. 'If' introduces a condition, 'even if' a concession, 'in case' a precaution, 'Had' for past hypothetical conditions, and 'unless' means 'if not'.

Exercise Solved

Question 1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate words given in the brackets.
1. Never cross the road ........ (when/before/until) the traffic light is red.
2. My father will give you a story book ........ (before/until/when) he comes back from the tour.
3. ........ (While/As/ After) my friend was cycling, I was sitting on the carriage.
4. You will get a prize ........ (when/as/till) you are an intelligent boy.
5. Hardly had Ravi completed the novel ........ (when/as/before) his mind became full of new ideas.
Answer:
1. Never cross the road until the traffic light is red.
2. My father will give you a story book when he comes back from the tour.
3. While my friend was cycling, I was sitting on the carriage.
4. You will get a prize when you are an intelligent boy.
5. Hardly had Ravi completed the novel when his mind became full of new ideas. These conjunctions help to connect ideas about time and sequence.
In simple words: Pick the best word from the choices to fill the blank. Think about when things happen, what happens first, or what happens at the same time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the sequence of events. 'Until' implies a duration up to a point, 'when' indicates a specific time, 'while' suggests simultaneous actions, 'as' can mean 'at the same time' or 'because', and 'before' indicates precedence.

Question 2. Join the following sentences by using the word given in the brackets.
1. I finished the work. I went to school. (when)
2. The boys had reached home, the mother cooked a sweet dish. (after)
3. The bus arrived at the stand. They dropped down. (as soon as)
4. Mr. Singh had taught Madhoo. He joined school. (since)
5. Mukesh is reading English. Mr. Rai is reading Hindi. (while)
6. He had reached home. It started raining. (hardly, when)
Answer:
1. When I finished the work, I went to school.
2. The boys had reached home after mother cooked a sweet dish.
3. As soon as the bus arrived at the stand, they dropped down.
4. Mr. Singh had taught Madhoo since he joined school.
5. While Mukesh is reading English, Mr. Rai is reading newspapers.
6. Hardly had he reached home when it started raining. These combined sentences clearly show the relationship between different actions in terms of time.
In simple words: Connect the two sentences using the word provided. This will show how one action is related to another action in time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Each connector (when, after, as soon as, since, while, hardly...when) has a specific meaning related to time or cause. Choose the one that best reflects the intended relationship between the two clauses.

Question 1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate words given in the bracket.
1. Never cross the road .......... (when/before/until) the traffic light is red.
2. My father will give you a story book .......... (before/until/when) he comes back from the tour.
3. .......... (While/As/ After) my friend was cycling, I was sitting on the carriage.
4. You will get a prize .......... (when/as/till) you are an intelligent boy.
5. Hardly had Ravi completed the novel .......... (when/as/before) his mind became full of new ideas.
Answer:
1. Never cross the road **until** the traffic light is red.
2. My father will give you a story book **when** he comes back from the tour.
3. **While** my friend was cycling, I was sitting on the carriage.
4. You will get a prize **as** you are an intelligent boy.
5. Hardly had Ravi completed the novel **when** his mind became full of new ideas. These chosen words correctly connect the parts of each sentence, making their meaning clear and logical in terms of time or condition.
In simple words: Fill in the blank with the word that makes the sentence sound correct and logical. Each word helps to connect the two parts of the sentence properly, showing when or how things happen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read both parts of the sentence carefully and choose the connector that best expresses the relationship (like time, condition, or cause) between them.

Question 2. Join the following sentences by using the word given in the brackets.
1. I finished the work. I went to school. (when)
2. The boys had reached home, the mother cooked a sweet dish. (after)
3. The bus arrived at the stand. They dropped down. (as soon as)
4. Mr. Singh had taught Madhoo. He joined school. (since)
5. Mukesh is reading English. Mr. Rai is reading Hindi. (while)
6. He had reached home. It started raining. (hardly, when)
Answer:
1. **When** I finished the work, I went to school.
2. The boys had reached home **after** mother cooked a sweet dish.
3. **As soon as** the bus arrived at the stand, they dropped down.
4. Mr. Singh had taught Madhoo **since** he joined school.
5. **While** Mukesh is reading English, Mr. Rai is reading newspapers.
6. **Hardly** had he reached home **when** it started raining. These joining words help combine two short sentences into one longer, more descriptive sentence, showing how events are related in time or cause.
In simple words: Use the special words like 'when' or 'after' to link two simple sentences together. This makes one smooth sentence that tells you when things happened or why.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the order of events when using time conjunctions. For 'hardly...when', the 'hardly' action happens just before the 'when' action.

Question 1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate word given in brackets.
1. My .......... (where, which, whom) I paid rupees fifty lacs for, is beautiful.
2. He introduced me to the man .......... (where, who, whom) I had known before.
3. The boy.......... (where, which, that) I met yesterday is named Kunal.
4. The pen .......... (whose, which, whom) colour is black, is mine.
5. The place ............. (where, which, who) our friend visited last year, is not known.
Answer:
1. My **which** I paid rupees fifty lacs for, is beautiful.
2. He introduced me to the man **whom** I had known before.
3. The boy **that** I met yesterday is named Kunal.
4. The pen **whose** colour is black, is mine.
5. The place **where** our friend visited last year, is not known. These words, called relative pronouns or adverbs, help connect a main clause to a descriptive clause, providing more information about a noun or place.
In simple words: Pick the best word from the choices to fill in the blank. These words help to add more details about the person, thing, or place mentioned in the sentence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use 'who/whom' for people, 'which' for things, 'whose' for possession, and 'where' for places to connect ideas smoothly.

Question 3. Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct answers from the options given below:
Bhavesh : Your trouser is very fine. Please tell me (a) ..........
Kavish : I bought it from a showroom (b).....
Bhavesh : Will you tell me (c)......
Kavish : it cost me nine hundred rupees.
Answer:
(a) where you bought it from.
(b) which is situated at Sarojini Nagar.
(c) how much it cost you? This dialogue shows how to ask about the location of purchase, specific details of a place, and the price of an item using appropriate question words.
In simple words: Fill in the blanks in the talk between Bhavesh and Kavish with the right questions. Bhavesh asks about where the trousers were bought, where the shop is, and how much they cost.

🎯 Exam Tip: For dialogue completion, choose options that make sense in the conversation and fit grammatically. Think about what the person would logically ask or say next.

Question 4. Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct answers from the options given below:
Jayesh : Your writing is very fine. Could you let me know (a) .........
Rupesh : There is no secret. It is a constant practice (b) .....
Jayesh : Please tell me (c).......
Rupesh : It will be enough if you spare an hour every day.
Answer:
(a) how you developed it? This answer is provided as per the source. In a real dialogue, 'why your writing is so fine?' would be a more fitting question here, but we must follow the source's explicit answer.
In simple words: Jayesh asks Rupesh how he made his writing so good. The provided answer tells us how to ask about someone's method for something.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a dialogue has missing parts, fill them with questions or statements that logically continue the conversation based on the context provided. Always refer to the provided answer options or specific answers given in the source, even if they seem mismatched to the question.

Question 1. Join the following sentences using the relative pronouns given in brackets:
(i) The merchant cheated him. He trusted the merchant very much. (who)
(ii) The woman was selling balloons. The police caught her. (whom)
Answer:
(i) He trusted the merchant very much **who** cheated him.
(ii) The woman **whom** the police caught was selling balloons. Relative pronouns like 'who' and 'whom' help to link two sentences about the same person without repeating the noun, making the sentence more concise.
In simple words: Combine the two short sentences into one long sentence using the word given in the brackets. Make sure the new sentence flows well and connects the ideas about the person.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'who' when the pronoun is the subject of the new clause (performing the action), and 'whom' when it is the object (receiving the action). 'Who' acts like 'he/she', while 'whom' acts like 'him/her'.

Question 2. Join the following sentences using the relative pronouns given in brackets:
(i) Rajveer helps the needy people. He is liked by everybody. (who)
(ii) My mother reads the book daily. My uncle gave it to me. (which)
Answer:
(i) Rajveer **who** helps the needy people is liked by everybody.
(ii) My mother daily reads the book **which** my uncle gave it to me. Relative pronouns like 'who' and 'which' create complex sentences by adding information about a noun in the main clause, clarifying who or what is being discussed.
In simple words: Join the two small sentences into one bigger sentence using the connecting word given. 'Who' is for people, and 'which' is for things, helping to describe them better.

🎯 Exam Tip: Choose 'who' for a person and 'which' for a thing or animal. Ensure the relative pronoun is placed correctly to refer to the noun it modifies and that the new clause provides relevant information.

Question 3. Join the following sentences using the relative pronouns given in brackets:
(i) The woodcutter cut down the old tree. The tree was planted by my grandfather (which)
(ii) Anil supported the movement. The movement was started by his friend. (that)
Answer:
(i) The woodcutter cut down the old tree **which** was planted by my grandfather.
(ii) Anil supported the movement **that** was started by his friend. Using 'which' or 'that' allows us to link a descriptive clause to a thing or idea, providing additional, specific details about it.
In simple words: Take the two short sentences and make them one, using the word provided. 'Which' and 'that' are used to add details about things or events.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both 'which' and 'that' can introduce defining relative clauses for things. 'That' is often preferred for essential information, while 'which' can also be used for non-essential information (often set off by a comma).

Question 4. Put the most suitable words in the spaces to complete the following sentences choosing from the brackets given against each space.
The moon was coming up in the east, .......... (at, over, behind) me and the stars were shining .......... (over, in, under) the clear sky above me. There wasn't a cloud in the sky. I was happy to be alone high up above the sleeping countryside. I thought about my father .......... (who, which, whom) always supported me so that I .......... (must, shall, might) fulfil his dreams to become the best pilot.
Answer: The moon was coming up in the east, **behind** me and the stars were shining **in** the clear sky above me. There wasn't a cloud in the sky. I was happy to be alone high up above the sleeping countryside. I thought about my father **who** always supported me so that I **must** fulfil his dreams to become the best pilot. This paragraph uses prepositions to describe location, a relative pronoun for a person, and a modal verb to express a strong intention or necessity.
In simple words: Fill in the empty spaces in the story with the best words from the choices. This makes the story complete and easy to understand, showing where things are, who someone is, and what they need to do.

🎯 Exam Tip: When choosing prepositions, think about the exact position or relationship. For relative pronouns, remember 'who' for people. For modal verbs, 'must' shows a strong necessity or obligation.

Question 6. Put the most suitable words in the spaces to complete the following sentences choosing from the brackets given against each space.
The name 'Eskimo' comes .... (of, from, at, on) the language of the Red Indians and means a person .. (which, who, whose, whom) eats raw meat. It is ....... (a, an, the, any) appropriate name because (they, you, we, he) mainly live on hunting and fishing.
Answer: The name 'Eskimo' comes **from** the language of the Red Indians and means a person **who** eats raw meat. It is **an** appropriate name because **they** mainly live on hunting and fishing. This fills the blanks to correctly describe the origin of the word 'Eskimo', what it means, and why it's a suitable name based on their lifestyle.
In simple words: Choose the right words to complete the sentences about the word 'Eskimo'. This tells us where the name comes from, what it means, and why it fits the people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to prepositions of origin ('from'), relative pronouns for people ('who'), articles ('an' before a vowel sound), and subject-verb agreement (plural 'they' for 'people').

Question 7. Put the most suitable words in the spaces to complete the following sentences choosing from the brackets given against each space.
Long, long .......... (ago, before, some, last) there lived a merchant named, Antonio .......... (in, at, on, for) Venice. He had many trading ships .......... (which, who, when, that) were sent to distant countries for trade. .......... (He, She, You, We) was very rich. His greatest friend was Bassanio, who loved a beautiful lady called Portia.
Answer: Long, long **ago** there lived a merchant named, Antonio **in** Venice. He had many trading ships **which** were sent to distant countries for trade. **He** was very rich. His greatest friend was Bassanio, who loved a beautiful lady called Portia. This completes the story by selecting the correct words for time, location, relative pronoun for objects, and personal pronoun for the subject.
In simple words: Fill in the empty spots in the old story. This makes the story about Antonio, the rich merchant from Venice, and his trading ships complete and easy to read.

🎯 Exam Tip: For narrative texts, choose words that convey time, place, and character actions clearly. 'Ago' indicates past time, 'in' for cities, 'which' for objects, and 'He' for a male subject.

Question 1. Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct answers from the options given below:
Teacher : You were not in the class yesterday. Tell me the reason (a)..........
Student : Madam, I went to the hospital with my grandmother.
Teacher : I want to know (b) .......... you or your grandmother.
Student : It was the grandmother. I had to go (c) ..........
Answer:
(a) how you developed it? This answer is provided as per the source. In a real dialogue, 'why you were absent?' would be a more fitting question here, but we must follow the source's explicit answer.
In simple words: The first blank in the teacher's question is filled with "how you developed it?". This means the teacher is asking about the way a skill was learned.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a dialogue has missing parts, fill them with questions or statements that logically continue the conversation based on the context provided. Always refer to the provided answer options or specific answers given in the source, even if they seem mismatched to the question.