NEET Biology Plant Growth and Development MCQs Set 12

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which statements about growth are correct? A. In plants the form of growth is open and localised. B. Swelling of a piece of wood in water is growth since size increases. C. Growth is accompanied by metabolic processes. D. At cellular level growth results from an increase in the amount of protoplasm.
(a) All the statements are correct
(b) A and B
(c) B, C and D
(d) A, C and D
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A, C and D

Explanation:
1. Wood swelling is an increase in size caused by imbibition, not growth
2. The other statements are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Growth is an irreversible permanent increase.

Question 2: The meristematic phase of growth is characterised by:
(a) Increased vacuolation
(b) Maximal size in terms of protoplasmic modifications
(c) Cells rich in protoplasm with thin walls and abundant plasmodesmata
(d) Cell enlargement
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cells rich in protoplasm with thin walls and abundant plasmodesmata

Explanation:
1. Meristematic cells are rich in protoplasm, with thin walls, prominent nuclei and many plasmodesmata.

Teacher's Note:
1. Vacuolation occurs in the elongation phase.

Question 3: Which is related to the type of growth in which both progeny cells from a mother cell retain the ability to divide? A. sigmoid curve B. W1 = W0 + rt C. linear curve D. three phases: lag, exponential and stationary
(a) A and D
(b) A, B and D
(c) Only C
(d) B and C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A and D

Explanation:
1. In exponential growth both daughter cells divide, giving a sigmoid curve with three phases
2. W1 = W0 + rt belongs to linear growth.

Teacher's Note:
1. Exponential: W1 = W0 e^(rt).

Question 4: In plants, cells or tissues arising from the same meristem have different structures at maturity. This shows that plants have:
(a) Open indeterminate growth
(b) Open determinate growth
(c) Open differentiation
(d) Capacity for dedifferentiation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Open differentiation

Explanation:
1. Cells from the same meristem differentiate into different structures, which is called open differentiation.

Teacher's Note:
1. It results in different tissues.

Question 5: Match the hormone with its chemical nature. A. Auxin B. Gibberellin C. Cytokinin D. Ethylene E. Abscisic acid; i. derivatives of carotenoids ii. gas iii. adenine derivatives iv. terpenes v. indole compounds
(a) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv, E-v
(b) A-ii, B-i, C-v, D-iii, E-iv
(c) A-v, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii, E-i
(d) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii, E-v
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A-v, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii, E-i

Explanation:
1. Auxin is an indole compound, GA a terpene, cytokinin an adenine derivative, ethylene a gas and ABA a carotenoid derivative.

Teacher's Note:
1. IAA is indole-3-acetic acid.

Question 6: Match source and hormone. A. Human urine B. Coconut milk C. Ripened oranges D. Gibberella fujikuroi; i. ethylene ii. GA3 iii. auxin iv. cytokinin
(a) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
(b) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
(c) A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(d) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii

Explanation:
1. Auxin was first isolated from human urine, cytokinin activity is found in coconut milk, ripening fruits give ethylene and the fungus Gibberella produces gibberellins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fungus Gibberella gave GA3.

Question 7: Match hormone with use. A. Cytokinin B. Auxin C. Abscisic acid D. Ethylene E. Gibberellin; i. weed-free lawns ii. brewing industry iii. root hair formation iv. overcome apical dominance v. stress hormone
(a) A-iv, B-i, C-v, D-ii, E-iii
(b) A-i, B-ii, C-v, D-iii, E-iv
(c) A-iii, B-iv, C-v, D-i, E-ii
(d) A-iv, B-i, C-v, D-iii, E-ii
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) A-iv, B-i, C-v, D-iii, E-ii

Explanation:
1. Cytokinin overcomes apical dominance, 2,4-D (auxin) kills dicot weeds, ABA is the stress hormone, ethylene promotes root hair formation and GA is used in brewing.

Teacher's Note:
1. 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin.

Question 8: Which of the following occurs naturally in plants?
(a) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(b) Indole butyric acid
(c) Naphthalene acetic acid
(d) Kinetin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Indole butyric acid

Explanation:
1. IAA and IBA are natural auxins. 2,4-D and NAA are synthetic and kinetin is a synthetic cytokinin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Zeatin is a natural cytokinin.

Question 9: Plants in which there is no correlation between exposure to light duration and induction of flowering are called:
(a) Day-neutral plants
(b) Long-day plants
(c) Short-day plants
(d) Monocarpic plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Day-neutral plants

Explanation:
1. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of photoperiod, for example tomato and cotton.

Teacher's Note:
1. Photoperiodism controls flowering in others.

Question 10: Which is NOT a biennial plant?
(a) Barley
(b) Sugar beet
(c) Cabbage
(d) Carrot
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Barley

Explanation:
1. Barley is an annual
2. Sugar beet, cabbage and carrot are biennials, completing their life cycle in two seasons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Annuals complete their life in one season.

Question 11: Plant growth is unique because:
(a) It is intrinsic
(b) It occurs at the expense of energy
(c) Plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their life
(d) It is accompanied by metabolic processes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their life

Explanation:
1. Plants retain meristems and can grow throughout life, which makes plant growth open.

Teacher's Note:
1. Animals show determinate growth.

Question 12: Growth at the cellular level is principally a consequence of an increase in the amount of:
(a) Cell wall material
(b) Water
(c) Protoplasm
(d) Cell sap
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Protoplasm

Explanation:
1. Growth at cell level is mainly due to an increase in the amount of protoplasm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Protoplasm is difficult to measure.

Question 13: Cells with increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are characteristic of which growth phase?
(a) Meristematic phase
(b) Elongation phase
(c) Maturation phase
(d) Differentiation phase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Elongation phase

Explanation:
1. These features mark the phase of elongation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Maturation follows elongation.

Question 14: Quantitative comparison between the growth of living systems can be made by:
(a) Absolute growth rate
(b) Relative growth rate
(c) Exponential growth rate
(d) Both absolute and relative growth rate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both absolute and relative growth rate

Explanation:
1. Absolute growth rate measures total growth per unit time
2. Relative growth rate expresses it per unit initial parameter.

Teacher's Note:
1. Relative rate allows comparison.

Question 15: Macro and micro essential elements are required by plants during growth for:
(a) Synthesis of protoplasm
(b) As a source of energy
(c) Enzyme activation
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Nutrients are required for protoplasm synthesis, as energy sources and for activating enzymes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Growth needs water, oxygen and nutrients.

Question 16: Parenchyma cells made to divide under controlled laboratory conditions during plant tissue culture represent:
(a) Differentiation
(b) Dedifferentiation
(c) Redifferentiation
(d) Undifferentiated mass of cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Dedifferentiation

Explanation:
1. Mature differentiated cells that regain the ability to divide show dedifferentiation, forming callus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Redifferentiation then gives new organs.

Question 17: Which is an intercellular intrinsic factor regulating development?
(a) Genetic constitution
(b) Plant growth regulators
(c) Water
(d) Oxygen
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Plant growth regulators

Explanation:
1. Plant growth regulators act between cells and are intrinsic factors
2. Genetic factors are intracellular and water and oxygen are extrinsic.

Teacher's Note:
1. PGRs are chemical messengers.

Question 18: Select the INCORRECT match:
(a) GA : speeds up the malting process
(b) Auxin : xylem differentiation
(c) Cytokinin : adventitious shoot formation
(d) Ethylene : lateral shoot growth
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Ethylene : lateral shoot growth

Explanation:
1. Ethylene promotes senescence, ripening and abscission
2. Lateral shoot growth is promoted by cytokinins by overcoming apical dominance.

Teacher's Note:
1. Auxin from the apex suppresses lateral buds.

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