Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Plant Growth and Development
Review structured MCQ sets for NEET Biology Plant Growth and Development. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.
Download Plant Growth and Development MCQs with Answers
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Multiple Choice Questions
(A) In plants, the form of growth is open and localised.
(B) Swelling of a piece of wood in water is considered as growth since it involves an increase in size.
(C) Growth is accompanied by metabolic processes.
(D) Growth, at the cellular level, is a result of an increase in the amount of protoplasm.
(a) All the statements are correct
(b) A and B
(c) B, C and D
(d) A, C and D
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) A, C and D
Explanation:
1. Swelling of wood is a physical, reversible change and not growth, so B is wrong; A, C and D are correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. Growth in plants is open and indeterminate because meristems keep dividing; it has three phases, meristematic, elongation and maturation.
2. Arithmetic growth (one daughter cell keeps dividing) gives a linear curve, geometric growth gives a sigmoid curve.
(a) Increased vacuolation
(b) Maximal size in ter ms of prot oplasmic modifications
(c) Cells those are rich in protoplasm and having thin cell walls with abundant plasmodesmata
(d) Cell enlargement
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Cells those are rich in protoplasm and having thin cell walls with abundant plasmodesmata
Explanation:
1. In the meristematic phase cells are rich in protoplasm, with thin walls and abundant plasmodesmata.
Teacher's Note:
1. Auxins (indole compounds) promote rooting and xylem differentiation, gibberellins (terpenes) promote bolting and malting, cytokinins (adenine derivatives) promote cell division, ethylene is a gas, ABA is a stress hormone.
2. Naturally occurring examples: IAA, IBA, GA3, zeatin; synthetic ones include NAA, 2,4-D and kinetin.
(A) Sigmoid curve
(B) Expressed as \(L_t = L_0 + rt\)
(C) Linear curve
(D) Three phases: lag, exponential and stationary
(a) A and D
(b) A, B and D
(c) Only C
(d) B and C
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) A and D
Explanation:
1. Geometric growth, in which both daughter cells divide, gives a sigmoid curve with lag, exponential and stationary phases; B and C belong to arithmetic growth.
Teacher's Note:
1. Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation together explain plant tissue culture.
2. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of day length; vernalisation is needed in biennials such as sugar beet, cabbage and carrot.
(a) Open indeterminate growth
(b) Open determinate growth
(c) Open differentiation
(d) Capacity of dedifferentiation
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Open differentiation
Explanation:
1. Cells from the same meristem differentiating into different structures at maturity shows open differentiation.
Teacher's Note:
1. Growth in plants is open and indeterminate because meristems keep dividing; it has three phases, meristematic, elongation and maturation.
2. Arithmetic growth (one daughter cell keeps dividing) gives a linear curve, geometric growth gives a sigmoid curve.
(A) Auxin (i) Derivatives of carotenoids
(B) Gibberellin (ii) Gas
(C) Cytokinin (iii) Adenine derivatives
(D) Ethylene (iv) Terpenes
(E) Abscisic acid (v) Indole compounds
(a) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv, E-v
(b) A-ii, B-i, C-v, D-iii, E-iv
(c) A-v, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii, E-i
(d) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii, E-v
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A-v, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii, E-i
Explanation:
1. Auxin is an indole compound, gibberellin a terpene, cytokinin an adenine derivative, ethylene a gas and ABA a carotenoid derivative.
Teacher's Note:
1. Auxins (indole compounds) promote rooting and xylem differentiation, gibberellins (terpenes) promote bolting and malting, cytokinins (adenine derivatives) promote cell division, ethylene is a gas, ABA is a stress hormone.
2. Naturally occurring examples: IAA, IBA, GA3, zeatin; synthetic ones include NAA, 2,4-D and kinetin.
(A) Human urine (i) Ethylene
(B) Coconut milk (ii) GA3
(C) Ripened oranges (iii) Auxin
(D) Gibberella fujikuroi (iv) Cytokinin
(a) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
(b) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
(c) A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
(d) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
Explanation:
1. Auxin was isolated from human urine, cytokinin from coconut milk, ethylene from ripened fruits and GA3 from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi.
Teacher's Note:
1. Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation together explain plant tissue culture.
2. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of day length; vernalisation is needed in biennials such as sugar beet, cabbage and carrot.
(A) Cytokinin (i) Weed free lawns
(B) Auxin (ii) Brewing industry
(C) Abscisic acid (iii) Root hair formation
(D) Ethylene (iv) Overcome apical dominance
(E) Gibberellin (v) Stress hormone
(a) A-iv, B-i, C-v, D-ii, E-iii
(b) A-i, B-ii, C-v, D-iii, E-iv
(c) A-iii, B-iv, C-v, D-i, E-ii
(d) A-iv, B-i, C-v, D-iii, E-ii
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) A-iv, B-i, C-v, D-iii, E-ii
Explanation:
1. Cytokinin overcomes apical dominance, auxin (2,4-D) kills weeds in lawns, ABA is the stress hormone, ethylene promotes root hair formation and gibberellin speeds malting.
Teacher's Note:
1. Growth in plants is open and indeterminate because meristems keep dividing; it has three phases, meristematic, elongation and maturation.
2. Arithmetic growth (one daughter cell keeps dividing) gives a linear curve, geometric growth gives a sigmoid curve.
(a) 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(b) Indole butyric acid
(c) Naphthalene acetic acid
(d) Kinetin
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Indole butyric acid
Explanation:
1. Indole butyric acid occurs naturally; 2,4-D, NAA and kinetin are synthetic.
Teacher's Note:
1. Auxins (indole compounds) promote rooting and xylem differentiation, gibberellins (terpenes) promote bolting and malting, cytokinins (adenine derivatives) promote cell division, ethylene is a gas, ABA is a stress hormone.
2. Naturally occurring examples: IAA, IBA, GA3, zeatin; synthetic ones include NAA, 2,4-D and kinetin.
(a) Day - neutral plants
(b) Long day plants
(c) Short day plants
(d) Monocarpic plants
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Day - neutral plants
Explanation:
1. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of the duration of light exposure.
Teacher's Note:
1. Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation together explain plant tissue culture.
2. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of day length; vernalisation is needed in biennials such as sugar beet, cabbage and carrot.
(a) Barley
(b) Sugarbeet
(c) Cabbages
(d) Carrots
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Barley
Explanation:
1. Barley is an annual cereal, while sugar beet, cabbage and carrot are biennials.
Teacher's Note:
1. Growth in plants is open and indeterminate because meristems keep dividing; it has three phases, meristematic, elongation and maturation.
2. Arithmetic growth (one daughter cell keeps dividing) gives a linear curve, geometric growth gives a sigmoid curve.
(a) It is intrinsic
(b) It occurs at the expense of energy
(c) Plant retains the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their life
(d) Its accompanied by metabolic processes
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Plant retains the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their life
Explanation:
1. Plants retain meristems and so have the capacity for unlimited growth throughout life.
Teacher's Note:
1. Auxins (indole compounds) promote rooting and xylem differentiation, gibberellins (terpenes) promote bolting and malting, cytokinins (adenine derivatives) promote cell division, ethylene is a gas, ABA is a stress hormone.
2. Naturally occurring examples: IAA, IBA, GA3, zeatin; synthetic ones include NAA, 2,4-D and kinetin.
(a) Cell wall material
(b) Water
(c) Protoplasm
(d) Cell sap
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Protoplasm
Explanation:
1. At the cellular level growth is mainly due to increase in the amount of protoplasm.
Teacher's Note:
1. Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation together explain plant tissue culture.
2. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of day length; vernalisation is needed in biennials such as sugar beet, cabbage and carrot.
(a) Meristematic phase
(b) Elongation phase
(c) Maturation phase
(d) Differentiation phase
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Elongation phase
Explanation:
1. Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new wall deposition characterise the elongation phase.
Teacher's Note:
1. Growth in plants is open and indeterminate because meristems keep dividing; it has three phases, meristematic, elongation and maturation.
2. Arithmetic growth (one daughter cell keeps dividing) gives a linear curve, geometric growth gives a sigmoid curve.
(a) Absolute growth rate
(b) Relative growth rate
(c) Exponential growth rate
(d) Both (1) and (2)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Both (1) and (2)
Explanation:
1. Growth of different organisms can be compared quantitatively by absolute growth rate and relative growth rate.
Teacher's Note:
1. Auxins (indole compounds) promote rooting and xylem differentiation, gibberellins (terpenes) promote bolting and malting, cytokinins (adenine derivatives) promote cell division, ethylene is a gas, ABA is a stress hormone.
2. Naturally occurring examples: IAA, IBA, GA3, zeatin; synthetic ones include NAA, 2,4-D and kinetin.
(a) Synthesis of protoplasm
(b) As source of energy
(c) Enzyme of activation
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation:
1. Mineral nutrients are needed to build protoplasm, as components of respiratory machinery for energy and for enzyme activation, so all are correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation together explain plant tissue culture.
2. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of day length; vernalisation is needed in biennials such as sugar beet, cabbage and carrot.
(a) Differentiation
(b) Dedifferentiation
(c) Redifferentiation
(d) Undifferentiated mass of cells
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Dedifferentiation
Explanation:
1. Differentiated parenchyma cells that start dividing again in tissue culture show dedifferentiation.
Teacher's Note:
1. Growth in plants is open and indeterminate because meristems keep dividing; it has three phases, meristematic, elongation and maturation.
2. Arithmetic growth (one daughter cell keeps dividing) gives a linear curve, geometric growth gives a sigmoid curve.
(a) genetic constitution
(b) PGR
(c) Water
(d) Oxygen
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) PGR
Explanation:
1. Plant growth regulators act between cells, so they are intercellular intrinsic factors, whereas genetic constitution is intracellular.
Teacher's Note:
1. Auxins (indole compounds) promote rooting and xylem differentiation, gibberellins (terpenes) promote bolting and malting, cytokinins (adenine derivatives) promote cell division, ethylene is a gas, ABA is a stress hormone.
2. Naturally occurring examples: IAA, IBA, GA3, zeatin; synthetic ones include NAA, 2,4-D and kinetin.
(a) GA - speed up malting process
(b) Auxin - Xylem differentiation
(c) Cytokinin - Adventitious shoot formation
(d) Ethylene - Lateral shoot growth
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Ethylene - Lateral shoot growth
Explanation:
1. Ethylene does not promote lateral shoot growth (cytokinin does); the other matches are correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation together explain plant tissue culture.
2. Day-neutral plants flower irrespective of day length; vernalisation is needed in biennials such as sugar beet, cabbage and carrot.
Plant Growth and Development Objective Questions & Solutions for NEET Biology
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FAQs
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