NEET Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQs Set 20

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: At the time of splitting of water, which initially captures the electron?
(a) Chlorophyll
(b) NADP
(c) OH−
(d) Cytochrome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Chlorophyll

Explanation:
1. Electrons from water are passed first to the oxidised reaction centre chlorophyll of PS II (P680+).
2. From there they go on to the carriers.

Teacher's Note:
1. This refills the electron lost by the reaction centre.

Question 2: In cyclic photophosphorylation, which of the following is formed?
(a) NADP and ATP
(b) ATP only
(c) NADH + H+ and O2
(d) NADPH + H+, ATP and O2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) ATP only

Explanation:
1. In the cyclic path the electron returns to PS I, so only ATP is made.
2. There is no photolysis of water, so no NADPH or O2 is formed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyclic photophosphorylation involves only PS I.

Question 3: Fixation of one CO2 requires
(a) 6 NADPH + H+ and 3 ATP
(b) 2 NADPH + H+ and 3 ATP
(c) 4 NADPH + H+ and 3 ATP
(d) 5 NADPH + H+ and 3 ATP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2 NADPH + H+ and 3 ATP

Explanation:
1. For every CO2 fixed, the Calvin cycle uses 3 ATP and 2 NADPH.
2. For one glucose this is 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Two ATP are used in reduction and one in regeneration of RuBP.

Question 4: Photooxidation of water in photosynthesis is associated with
(a) Cytochrome b6
(b) Photosystem I
(c) Photosystem II
(d) Plastocyanin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Photosystem II

Explanation:
1. PS II has the oxygen-evolving complex that splits water.
2. PS I does not split water.

Teacher's Note:
1. PS II is the water-splitting photosystem.

Question 5: During ATP synthesis, electrons pass through
(a) Water
(b) Cytochromes
(c) O2
(d) CO2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cytochromes

Explanation:
1. The electron transport chain carries electrons through plastoquinone, cytochrome b6f and plastocyanin, which pumps protons for ATP synthesis.
2. Water, O2 and CO2 are not carriers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cytochromes are the electron carriers.

Question 6: Which pigment system immediately donates electrons for the reduction of NADP?
(a) PS II
(b) PS I
(c) CO2
(d) Plastoquinone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) PS I

Explanation:
1. The electron excited in PS I goes through ferredoxin to NADP reductase, which reduces NADP+.
2. PS II donates electrons to PS I through the chain.

Teacher's Note:
1. PS I is the last photosystem of the Z scheme.

Question 7: Photosynthesis is an oxidation-reduction process. The material that is oxidised is
(a) CO2
(b) NADP
(c) H2O
(d) PGA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) H2O

Explanation:
1. Water loses electrons and is oxidised to oxygen.
2. CO2 is reduced to carbohydrate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Water oxidised, CO2 reduced.

Question 8: Photooxidation of chlorophyll is called
(a) Intensification
(b) Chlorosis
(c) Solarisation
(d) Defoliation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Solarisation

Explanation:
1. Destruction of chlorophyll by excess light in the presence of oxygen is solarisation.
2. Chlorosis is yellowing due to loss of chlorophyll from mineral deficiency.

Teacher's Note:
1. Carotenoids protect chlorophyll from this.

Question 9: The electron ejected by P680 in the light reaction is initially accepted by
(a) Plastoquinone
(b) Plastocyanin
(c) Ferredoxin
(d) P700
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Plastoquinone

Explanation:
1. The first stable acceptor of the PS II electron that passes onwards is plastoquinone, as given in this chapter.
2. Plastocyanin and ferredoxin act later and P700 is the PS I reaction centre.

Teacher's Note:
1. The order from PS II is: acceptor, plastoquinone, cytochrome b6f, plastocyanin, PS I.

Question 10: Which element is present in the OEC (oxygen-evolving complex)?
(a) Mn2+
(b) Cl−
(c) Ca2+
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. The oxygen-evolving complex contains manganese and needs calcium and chloride ions.
2. So all the three are present or required.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why Mn and Cl are essential for photolysis.

Question 11: Which one is a Cu-containing protein complex?
(a) Ferridoxin
(b) Plastocyanin
(c) Plastoquinone
(d) Cytochrome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Plastocyanin

Explanation:
1. Plastocyanin is a copper-containing protein that carries electrons from cytochrome b6f to PS I.
2. Ferredoxin has iron and sulphur, and cytochromes have iron.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyanin means blue, from the copper protein.

Question 12: Only photosystem I is concerned with
(a) Photolysis of H2O
(b) Cyclic photophosphorylation
(c) Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
(d) Oxidative phosphorylation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cyclic photophosphorylation

Explanation:
1. In cyclic photophosphorylation the electron cycles around PS I only.
2. Photolysis and non-cyclic transport involve PS II.

Teacher's Note:
1. PS I alone gives ATP only.

Question 13: The first electron carrier molecule for the electron excited from P700 is
(a) Cytochrome
(b) Cu protein / plastocyanin
(c) FeS protein / ferredoxin
(d) Fe-Mg protein
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) FeS protein / ferredoxin

Explanation:
1. The excited electron of P700 passes to an iron-sulphur protein, then ferredoxin.
2. Plastocyanin donates electrons to P700 and is not an acceptor.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ferredoxin then reduces NADP+.

Question 14: Photosystem II occurs in
(a) Grana
(b) Stroma
(c) Matrix
(d) Oxysomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Grana

Explanation:
1. PS II is mainly in the appressed membranes of the grana thylakoids.
2. The stroma and matrix are not membrane systems.

Teacher's Note:
1. PS I is in stroma lamellae and PS II in grana.

Question 15: During photosynthesis
(a) Water is reduced and CO2 is oxidised
(b) CO2 is reduced and water is oxidised
(c) Both CO2 and water get reduced
(d) Both CO2 and water get oxidised
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CO2 is reduced and water is oxidised

Explanation:
1. Water gives up electrons and hydrogen to become O2, so it is oxidised.
2. These electrons reduce CO2 to sugar.

Teacher's Note:
1. The direction is opposite to that in respiration.

Question 16: The connecting link between the light phase and dark phase of photosynthesis is
(a) Only ATP
(b) Only NADPH + H+
(c) Only NADH + H+
(d) ATP and NADPH + H+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) ATP and NADPH + H+

Explanation:
1. Both ATP and NADPH made in the light reaction are used in the Calvin cycle.
2. NADH is not made in chloroplasts.

Teacher's Note:
1. These two are called assimilatory power.

Question 17: Hill reaction occurs in
(a) High altitude plants
(b) Total darkness
(c) Presence of ferricyanide
(d) Absence of water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Presence of ferricyanide

Explanation:
1. Isolated chloroplasts release oxygen in the light when an artificial electron acceptor such as ferricyanide is supplied.
2. Water and light are needed, and CO2 is not.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hill reaction showed that photolysis of water is independent of CO2 fixation.

Question 18: In photosynthesis, CO2 combines with
(a) RuBP
(b) ATP
(c) ADP
(d) PGA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) RuBP

Explanation:
1. In the Calvin cycle CO2 is accepted by ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), catalysed by RuBisCO.
2. The product is two molecules of 3-PGA.

Teacher's Note:
1. RuBP is a 5-carbon sugar; adding one carbon gives an unstable 6-carbon compound that splits.

Question 19: During the dark reactions of photosynthesis
(a) Water splits
(b) CO2 is reduced to organic compounds
(c) Chlorophyll is activated
(d) A stable C6 sugar is broken into three-carbon sugars
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CO2 is reduced to organic compounds

Explanation:
1. The dark (biosynthetic) reaction uses ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 to carbohydrate.
2. Water splitting and chlorophyll activation belong to the light reaction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reduction of CO2 is the key event of the Calvin cycle.

Question 20: Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecules on earth, are produced by
(a) All bacteria, fungi and algae
(b) Fungi, algae and green plant cells
(c) Some bacteria, algae and green plant cells
(d) Viruses, fungi and bacteria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Some bacteria, algae and green plant cells

Explanation:
1. Only photosynthetic organisms such as green plants, algae and some bacteria can make carbohydrates from CO2.
2. Fungi and viruses are not photosynthetic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fungi are heterotrophs.

Question 21: The enzyme that fixes atmospheric CO2 in C4 plants is
(a) PEP carboxylase
(b) Hexokinase
(c) RuBP oxygenase
(d) Hydrogenase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) PEP carboxylase

Explanation:
1. In mesophyll cells of C4 plants, PEP carboxylase adds CO2 to phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate.
2. RuBisCO acts later in the bundle sheath cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. PEPcase has no affinity for O2, so there is no oxygenase reaction.

Question 22: When PGA is changed into phosphoglyceraldehyde during photosynthesis, which of the following occurs?
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
(c) Electrolysis
(d) Hydrolysis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Reduction

Explanation:
1. The reduction of 3-PGA to triose phosphate (PGAL) uses ATP and NADPH.
2. NADPH loses electrons and so is oxidised, while PGA is reduced.

Teacher's Note:
1. The reduction step uses 2 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2.

Question 23: Carbon refixation in C4 plants occurs in chloroplasts of
(a) Palisade tissue
(b) Spongy mesophyll
(c) Bundle sheath cells
(d) Guard cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Bundle sheath cells

Explanation:
1. The C4 acid releases CO2 in the bundle sheath cells, where it enters the Calvin cycle.
2. Mesophyll cells carry out only the first fixation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Calvin cycle is restricted to the bundle sheath in C4 plants.

Question 24: Tropical plants like sugarcane show high efficiency of CO2 fixation because of
(a) Calvin cycle
(b) Hatch and Slack cycle
(c) Cyclic photophosphorylation
(d) TCA cycle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Hatch and Slack cycle

Explanation:
1. Sugarcane is a C4 plant that uses the Hatch and Slack pathway.
2. The pathway concentrates CO2 at the site of RuBisCO.

Teacher's Note:
1. Maize, sorghum and sugarcane are well-known C4 plants.

Question 25: Kranz type anatomy is found in
(a) C4 plants
(b) C3 plants
(c) Succulent plants
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C4 plants

Explanation:
1. Kranz (wreath) anatomy means a ring of bundle sheath cells with chloroplasts around the vascular bundles.
2. It is the hallmark of C4 leaves.

Teacher's Note:
1. Kranz means wreath in German.

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