NEET Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants Important Questions Set 01

These Class 11 NEET Biology important questions on Morphology of Flowering Plants give 45 questions with step-by-step answers, arranged as very short, short and long answer types, as asked in school and board examinations. They help NEET aspirants revise the definitions, structures, differences and key terms of the chapter.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Which parts in ginger and potato are edible?
Answer: Ginger - Rhizome (stem) Potato - Tuber (stem)

Question 2. What type of venation occurs in banana?
Answer: Parallel venation

Question 3. What type of aestivation is found in Calotropis?
Answer: Valvate

Question 4. Name the phyllotaxy in Alstonia.
Answer: Whorled phyllotaxy

Question 5. What is the nature of ovary in an epigynous flower?
Answer: Inferior ovary

Question 6. What is the unit of gynoecium?
Answer: Carpel/pistil

Question 7. Write down the name of plant in which leaflets are modified into tendrils.
Answer: Garden pea

Question 8. Which family is commonly called potato family?
Answer: Solanaceae

Question 9. Add the missing floral organs of the given floral formula of fabaceae. % K(5) A G₁ (9)+1
Answer: C₁ +2+ (2)

Question 10. Define internodes and nodes.
Answer: The region of the stem where leaves are borne are called nodes while internodes are the portions between two nodes.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 11. What are trimerous flowers? Give one example.
Answer: When all the floral appendages (whorls) of a flower are in the multiples of three, then the flower is said to be trimerous. Examples - Liliaceae family

Question 12. What do the following terms stand for in a floral formula?
, %, P, Br

Answer:

Question 13. Define aleurone layer. Give one example.
Answer: The proteinaceous outer covering surrounding the endosperm is called aleurone layer. It separates the embryo from the endosperm e.g., monocotyledonous seeds.

Question 14. Differentiate between hypogynous and epigynous flower.

Answer:

Hypogynous flower Epigynous flower It is a condition where sepals, petals and Acondition in which the thalamus is enclosed stamens all are inserted below the ovary. The within the ovary and all the other floral parts

, Mustard e.g., Guava

Question 15. What are pitcher plants? Give example.
Answer: The plants in which leaves are modified to form pitcher, to trap insects are called pitcher plants. These pitchers release enzymes to digest the insects and then attain nutrition from them.

Question 16. Rhizome of ginger is like the roots of other plants that grows underground. Despite this ginger is a stem not a root. Justify.
Answer: Ginger is an underground stem and not root due to the following reasons :
(a) It possesses nodes and internodes.
(b) It bears scaly leaves on the node.
(c) It possesses axillary and apical bud.

Question 17. Name the two plants, belonging to the Solanaceae family, which are used as medicines.
Answer: Belladonna, Ashwagandha.

Question 18. Given below are few floral formulae of some well known plants. Draw floral diagrams from these formulae.
(a) K₂₊₂ C₄ A₂₊₄ G(2)
(b) P₃₊₃ A₃₊₃ G(3)
Answer: (a) (b)

Question 19. Differentiate between stem tendrils and thorns.

Answer:

Tendrils Thorns
(i) Axillary buds are modified into long, thin (i) Axillary buds are modified into hard,

Question 20. Draw a labelled diagram of a dicot seed.
Answer: A well-labelled diagram should show these parts: Seed coat; Cotyledon; Plumule; Hilum; Radicle; Micropyle.

Question 21. What do you understand by the term venation? Explain its types.
Answer: The arrangement of veins or veinlets in the lamina or leaf blade is known as venation. It occurs in two ways:
(i) Reticulate venation : The venation where veins and veinlets are irregularly arranged or distributed to form a network is called reticulate venation. It generally occurs in dicot such as peepal, Hibiscus etc.
(ii) Parallel venation : The venation where the veins run parallel to each other and do not form a network is called parallel venation. It generally occurs in monocots. Example - Banana.

Question 22. Explain briefly the modification of stem found in Pistia and Eichhornia.
Answer: Pistia and Eichhornia, contain a lateral branch which bear short internodes. In these lateral branches distance between the nodes decreases and a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots is found at each node. This is known as offsets.

Question 23. Explain the vexillary and imbricate aestivation.
Answer: Vexillary aestivation : In vexillary aestivation, the largest petal overlaps the two smaller lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel). Example - Pea and Bean. Imbricate aestivation : In imbricate aestivation, margins of petals or sepals overlap each other but not in a particular fashion or direction. Example - Cassia, Gulmohur.

Question 24. Describe the axile placentation with the help of an example.

Answer:

Axile placentation : In axile placentation, the placenta is present in the axial position and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary.

Example - China rose

Question 25. Describe calyx, corolla and fruit of Solanaceae.
Answer: Calyx : Sepals five, united, persistent, valvate aestivation. Corolla : Petals five, united, valvate aestivation. Fruit : Berry or capsule.

Question 26. Write two differences and two similarities in the ovaries of Solanaceae and Liliaceae.
Answer: The ovaries of both Solanaceae and Liliaceae are syncarpous, superior and have axile placentation. The ovary of Solanaceae is bicarpellary and bilocular whereas the ovary of Liliaceae is tricarpellary and trilocular.

Question 27. What are respiratory roots? How do they help the plant? Give an example.
Answer: The plants growing in mangroves or saline swamps near the seashore respire through modified respiratory roots called pneumatophores. They come out of the ground and grow vertically upwards to get oxygen for respiration. e.g., Rhizophora.

Question 28. Tendrils are found in the following plants. Identify whether they are stem tendrils or leaf tendrils.
(a) Cucumber (b) Peas
(c) Pumpkins (d) Grapevine
(e) Watermelons

Answer:

Question 29. Define root hair. From which region of the root do they arise? What is their function?
Answer: In root, some epidermal cells from the region of maturation form very fine and delicate thread-like structures called root hair. The root hair increases the surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

Question 30. Draw a well-labelled diagram of a typical leaf and label any five parts.
Answer: A well-labelled diagram should show these parts: Lamina; Stipule; Petiole; Axillary bud; Leaf base.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 31. Describe various root modifications associated with food storage, mechanical support and respiration.
Answer: (i) Modification of root for storage Tap roots of carrot, turnips and adventitious roots of sweet potato, get swollen and store food.
(ii) Modification of root to provide support Prop roots : They arise from the branches of stem for providing mechanical support to heavy branches as pillars e.g., banyan tree. Stilt roots : They arise from lower nodes of stem to support main axis and enter the soil obliquely e.g., sugarcane.
(iii) Modification of root for respiration In some plants such as Rhizophora growing in swampy areas, many roots come out of the ground vertically upwards to get oxygen for respiration. Such roots are called pneumatophores.

Question 32. Describe briefly the various regions of root.
Answer: Regions of the root
(i) Root cap : At the apex of root a smooth cap-shaped structure is present which is called as root cap. It is protective.
(ii) Region of meristematic activity : This zone is located a few millimetres above the root cap. The cells of this region are very small, thin-walled and with dense cytoplasm. They divide repeatedly.
(iii) Region of elongation : The cells of this zone undergo rapid elongation and enlargement and are responsible the growth of root in length.
(iv) Region of maturation : The cells in this region are differentiated into permanent tissue depending upon the function they have to perform. Root hairs are also present in this zone which help in absorption of water.

Question 33. Describe various stem modifications associated with food storage, climbing and protection.

Answer:

Stems are modified to store food in some plants. They are underground stem. Due to storage of food materials, they become thick and fleshy. Different types of underground modified stems are
(i) Rhizome – e.g., Ginger
(ii) Tuber – e.g., Potato
(iii) Corm – e.g., Colocasia Stem tendril : Stem tendrils are slender and spirally coiled structures which develop from axillary buds and help to climb.

e.g., Grapevines

Modification of stem for protection

In some plants, axillary buds of stems may get modified into woody, straight and pointed thorns. They protect plants from browsing animals.

e.g., Citrus

Question 34. What is a leaf? Where does it arise from? How is it borne on a stem? What is its function?

Answer:

A leaf is a green, flat, thin expanded lateral outgrowth of the stem. It originates from the shoot apical meristem. It is borne on the node of the stem in an acropetal order (i.e., youngest leaves towards the growing point and the oldest towards the base of the parent stem). Leaf bears a bud which later develops into a branch. The bud is present at the axil of the leaf.

Leaves are green in colour due to the presence of photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is essential for absorbing sunlight needed for the process of photosynthesis by which the leaves prepare their own food. Leaves are the most important vegetative organ for photosynthesis.

Question 35. What is a compound leaf? Explain its two types with the help of example and diagram.

Answer:

Compound leaf : The leaf in which the lamina or leaf blade of the leaf is completely broken into distinct leaflets is called compound leaf. The leaf has incision which reaches the midrib. Compound leaf contains a bud at the axil of the petiole but is absent in the axil of leaflets. The compound leaves are of two types :

(i) Pinnately compound leaf : In pinnately compound leaf, the midrib forms a common axis called rachis. A number of leaflets are present on common axis.

Example - Neem.

(ii) Palmately compound leaf : In palmately compound leaf, the leaflets are attached to a common point i.e., at the tip of the petiole. The tip of the petiole bears all the leaflets in a form of a bunch or cluster. Example - Silk cotton.

Question 36. Explain the different types of floral symmetry.
Answer: The floral symmetry can be of three types :
(i) Radial symmetry : In radial symmetry any radial vertical plane, passing through the centre divides the flower into two equal radial (vertical) halves. The two vertical halves are mirror images of each other. The flowers having radial symmetry are called actinomorphic flowers. Example - Mustard flowers.
(ii) Asymmetric symmetry : In asymmetric symmetry, a radial vertical plane passing through the centre cannot divide the flower into two equal halves. The flower is irregular and asymmetric. Example - Canna
(iii) Bilateral symmetry : In bilateral symmetry, only one, single vertical plane passing through the centre divides the flower into two equal halves, which are mirror images of each other. In bilateral symmetry only one plane divides the flower into two equal halves. The flowers having bilateral symmetry are said to be zygomorphic. Example - Peas, gulmohar, bean, Cassia.

Question 37. Write a short note on fourth whorl of a flower.
Answer: Gynoecium is the fourth and last whorl of the flower. It is the female reproductive part of a flower which is composed of one or more carpels. A carpel has three parts namely :
(i) Ovary : Ovary is the lower part of the carpel which bears one or several ovules. These ovules later matures into seeds after fertilisation. The ovules are attached to a flattened and cushion-like structure called placenta. The ovary has one or more chambers or loculi. The wall of the ovary after fertilisation forms the pericarp (fruit wall). Ovules develop in to seed after fertilization.
(ii) Style : The tube-like structure which connects the stigma and the ovary is called style. It lie above the ovary in a carpel.
(iii) Stigma : Stigma is generally situated at the tip of the style. During pollination the pollens are transferred from the anther to the stigma. The stigma acts as the receptive organ for pollen grains.

Question 38. Explain with diagram the placentation found in pea and mustard.
Answer: (i) Marginal placentation : The placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary. The ovules are borne in two alternate rows along the ridge. Example - Pea
(ii) Parietal placentation : The ovary is one-chambered (unilocular) but become two-chambered due to the formation of the false septum. The ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on the peripheral part. Example - Mustard A B

Question 39. Tabulate the essential differences in the structure of a dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous seed.

Answer:

(ii) It is generally non-endospermic with few (ii) It is generally endospermic. exception.
(iii) Aleurone layer is absent. (iii) Aleurone layer maypresent.
(iv) The seed coat are separated from the (iv) The seed coat is generally fused with the fruit wall. fruit wall.

Question 40. Write the floral characters of fabaceae.

Answer:

Floral Characters of Fabaceae family

Inflorescence : Racemose.

Flower : Bisexual, zygomorphic.

Calyx : Sepals five, gamosepalous, imbricate aestivation.

Corolla : Petals five, polypetalous, papilionaceous, consisting of a posterior standard, two lateral wings, two anterior ones forming a keel (enclosing stamens and pistil), vexillary aestivation.

Androecium : Ten, diadelphous, anther dithecous.

Gynoecium : Ovary superior, monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules, style single.

Fruit : Legume, seed : one to many, non-endospermic.

Floral formula : K(5) C A G₁ 1+2+(2) (9)+1

Question 41. Why are the plants of Solanaceae family important to us?

Answer:

Economic Importance of Solanaceae family

a. Source of food : Example - Potato, tomato

b. Spices : Chilli

c. Fumigatory plant : Tobacco

d. Medicine : Belladonna

Question 42. Write any 10 symbols and what they stand for, used in a floral formula.

Answer:

Question 43. Why are leaves modified in some plants? Write any two modifications of leaves.
Answer: Leaves are generally responsible for the process of photosynthesis, transpiration, gaseous exchange etc. But at some places where the conditions are unfavourable, leaves get modify and perform other functions such as storage, protection, support, defence etc. Different modifications that occur in leaves are :
(i) Leaf tendrils : In some plants, leaves modify into long, slender, thread-like sensitive structures called tendrils. Tendrils coil around a support to which they come in contact and help the plant while climbing. The tendrils are sensitive to touch. Their main function is to provide support to the climbing plants. Example - Peas
(ii) Spines : In some plants such as cactus, leaves modify into small, sharp-pointed structures which reduce transpiration and protect the plants from browsing animals. The sharp pointed structures are called spines.

Question 44. (a) Give the reproductive unit in angiosperms.
(b) What is perianth? Give two examples.
(c) Differentiate between radial and bilateral symmetry.

Answer:

(a) Flower
(b) When calyx and corolla are not distinct, the undifferentiated structure is called perianth.

(c) Radial Bilateral

When a flower can be divided into two equal When a flower can be divided into two similar radial halves in any radial plane passing halves only in one particular vertical plane, it through the centre, it is said to be is zygomorphicorbilateral. actinomorphicorradial. e.g. , Pea e.g., Mustard

Question 45. Write a short note on endosperm, embryo and seed coat found in seed of maize plant.
Answer: Endosperm In a monocot seed the endosperm is bulky. It is covered by a protein layer. The proteinaceous outer covering surrounding the endosperm is called the aleurone layer. Layer separates the embryo from the endosperm. The endosperm stores food material which provides nourishment and nutrition to the growing embryo. Embryo The embryo is present in the seed coat. It contains a cotyledon and a small axis called the embryonal axis. This axis contains plumule at one end and radicle at the other. The plumule which gives rise to the shoot system and is enclosed in a protective sheath called coleoptile. The radicle which gives rise to the root system and is enclosed in a sheath called coleorhiza. Seed coat The protective membrane present over the seed is called the seed coat. It surrounds the seed and enclose the embryo and the endosperm. Seed coat is membranous and is generally fused with the fruit wall. The outer wall of the fruit (pericarp) is fused with the seed coat.