NEET Biology Mineral Nutrition MCQs Set 12

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Mineral Nutrition

Review structured MCQ sets for NEET Biology Mineral Nutrition. Built according to official NEET guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which method was used to identify the essential elements in plants?
(a) Plant ash analysis
(b) Hydroponics
(c) Plant tissue culture
(d) Nitrogen fixation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Hydroponics

Explanation:
1. Hydroponics (growing plants in a nutrient solution) is used to find essential elements.

Teacher's Note:
1. Julius von Sachs developed it.

Question 2: Which essential element is required by plants in excess of 10 mmole per kg of dry matter?
(a) Magnesium
(b) Manganese
(c) Molybdenum
(d) Selenium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Magnesium

Explanation:
1. Magnesium is a macronutrient, needed in large amounts
2. Manganese and molybdenum are micronutrients.

Teacher's Note:
1. Macronutrients exceed 10 mmol per kg.

Question 3: Choose the pair in which one element is essential and the other is beneficial but not essential:
(a) Copper and molybdenum
(b) Sodium and silicon
(c) Chlorine and cobalt
(d) Selenium and cobalt
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Chlorine and cobalt

Explanation:
1. Chlorine is an essential micronutrient and cobalt is a beneficial element
2. Both elements in the other pairs are in the same group.

Teacher's Note:
1. Beneficial elements include Na, Si, Co and Se.

Question 4: Which element is an activator for both RuBisCO and PEP carboxylase?
(a) Zinc
(b) Copper
(c) Magnesium
(d) Chlorine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Magnesium

Explanation:
1. Magnesium activates the enzymes of photosynthetic carbon fixation, RuBisCO and PEPcase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mg is also part of chlorophyll.

Question 5: Choose the pair in which both elements share a common function in photosynthesis:
(a) Chlorine and magnesium
(b) Potassium and phosphorus
(c) Boron and molybdenum
(d) Manganese and chlorine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Manganese and chlorine

Explanation:
1. Mn and Cl are both required for the splitting of water in photosystem II.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both are needed for the oxygen-evolving complex.

Question 6: If deficiency symptoms appear first in the older (senescent) leaves, the element should NOT be:
(a) Calcium
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Potassium
(d) Magnesium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Calcium

Explanation:
1. Elements that move easily (N, K, Mg) show symptoms first in old leaves
2. Calcium is immobile and affects young tissues first.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mobile versus immobile elements.

Question 7: Which bacteria oxidise ammonia into nitrite?
(a) Nitrococcus
(b) Nitrobacter
(c) Both Nitrococcus and Nitrobacter
(d) Thiobacillus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Nitrococcus

Explanation:
1. Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus oxidise ammonia to nitrite
2. Nitrobacter oxidises nitrite to nitrate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrification is two-step.

Question 8: Which is correct regarding the non-leguminous plant Alnus?
(a) Free-living nitrogen fixation by Beijerinckia
(b) Free-living nitrogen fixation by Frankia
(c) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by a filamentous microbe
(d) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by a filamentous microbe

Explanation:
1. Alnus has root nodules with the filamentous actinomycete Frankia.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rhizobium is for legumes.

Question 9: During biological nitrogen fixation, the energy input is:
(a) 16 ATP for each NH3
(b) 8 ATP for two NH3
(c) 32 ATP for two NH3
(d) 8 ATP for each NH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 8 ATP for each NH3

Explanation:
1. Fixation of one N2 into two NH3 needs 16 ATP, which is 8 ATP for each NH3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrogenase needs a lot of energy.

Question 10: During nitrogen metabolism, the enzyme transaminase is used in the conversion of:
(a) Glutamic acid into other amino acids
(b) Alpha-ketoglutaric acid into glutamic acid
(c) Glutamic acid into glutamine
(d) NH4+ into glutamic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Glutamic acid into other amino acids

Explanation:
1. Transamination transfers the amino group from glutamic acid to a keto acid, forming other amino acids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reductive amination forms glutamic acid.

Question 11: Proper aeration is required in hydroponics:
(a) To avoid mineral toxicity
(b) For translocation of minerals from root to shoot
(c) For absorption of minerals
(d) To decrease the osmotic pressure in root cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) For absorption of minerals

Explanation:
1. Mineral absorption is an active process that needs oxygen for root respiration.

Teacher's Note:
1. Roots need oxygen.

Question 12: Which is NOT a beneficial element for plant life?
(a) Na
(b) Sr
(c) Si
(d) Co
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Sr

Explanation:
1. Sodium, silicon and cobalt are considered beneficial
2. Strontium is not listed as one.

Teacher's Note:
1. Beneficial elements are required by some plants.

Question 13: The water potential of a cell is mainly determined by which ion?
(a) Mg++
(b) Ca++
(c) K+
(d) Fe2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) K+

Explanation:
1. Potassium is the major osmotically active ion, so it largely determines solute potential.

Teacher's Note:
1. K+ also controls stomata.

Question 14: An element is said to be deficient when present:
(a) Below the critical concentration
(b) Above the critical concentration
(c) At the critical concentration
(d) Both below and above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Below the critical concentration

Explanation:
1. Critical concentration is the level at which growth is reduced by 10 per cent
2. Below it the element is deficient.

Teacher's Note:
1. Above it is toxicity.

Question 15: Deficiency symptoms of an element can be seen as what kind of changes?
(a) Physiological
(b) Morphological
(c) Chemical
(d) Anatomical
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Morphological

Explanation:
1. Deficiency symptoms are visible morphological changes like chlorosis and necrosis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chlorosis is yellowing.

Question 16: Deficiency symptoms of which element tend to appear first in young tissues?
(a) N and P
(b) N and Ca
(c) Ca
(d) S and K
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ca

Explanation:
1. Calcium, sulphur, iron and boron are immobile and affect young tissues first
2. In the options given only calcium alone fits the immobile group.

Teacher's Note:
1. Immobile elements are not remobilised.

Question 17: Manganese toxicity leads to calcium deficiency by:
(a) Competing with Ca uptake
(b) Inhibiting translocation of Ca to the shoot apex
(c) Competitive inhibition of enzymes
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Inhibiting translocation of Ca to the shoot apex

Explanation:
1. Excess Mn inhibits the translocation of calcium to the shoot apex.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mn also competes with Fe and Mg.

Question 18: What is the major fate of NH3 produced by ammonification?
(a) Volatilises into the atmosphere
(b) Absorbed by plants
(c) Converted into nitrates
(d) Denitrification
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Converted into nitrates

Explanation:
1. Ammonia from decomposition is converted to nitrite and then nitrate by nitrifying bacteria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Nitrate is the main plant source.

Question 19: In which root tissue does nodule formation start after a successful infection?
(a) Epidermis
(b) Cortex
(c) Endodermis
(d) Root hairs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cortex

Explanation:
1. After infection through root hairs, cortical cells divide to form the nodule.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rhizobia enter via root hair infection thread.

Question 20: The first stable product of biological nitrogen fixation is:
(a) HN=NH
(b) H2N-NH2
(c) NH3
(d) NO3- or NO2-
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) NH3

Explanation:
1. Nitrogenase reduces N2 stepwise to diimide and hydrazine on the enzyme, and ammonia is the first stable product released.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ammonia is then converted to amino acids.

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Practice MCQs for NEET Biology Mineral Nutrition

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