NEET Biology Locomotion and Movement MCQs Set 11

Answer: (c) Pivot joint

Explanation:
1. The atlas rotates on the axis at a pivot joint, which allows the head to turn.

Teacher's Note:
1. Joints are fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (between vertebrae, pubic symphysis) and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle).
2. Axial skeleton has 80 bones; the skull has 8 cranial and 14 facial bones, and the vertebral column has 26 bones.

Answer: (c) Between the adjacent vertebrae

Explanation:
1. Cartilaginous joints lie between adjacent vertebrae and at the pubic symphysis.

Teacher's Note:
1. A sarcomere between two Z lines has an A-band (actin and myosin) in the middle and I-bands (actin only) on the sides; the H-zone lies in the A-band.
2. During contraction I-bands and H-zone shorten, but the A-band stays the same length.

Answer: (d) Scapula bone

Explanation:
1. The acromion is a process of the scapula (shoulder blade).

Teacher's Note:
1. Red muscle fibres have many mitochondria and much myoglobin and work aerobically; white fibres have few mitochondria, less myoglobin and depend on anaerobic glycolysis.
2. Muscle fatigue is due to accumulation of lactic acid; osteoporosis is due to a fall in oestrogen with age.

Answer: (c) Number of cranial bones in human are 22.

Explanation:
1. The human skull has 8 cranial bones (22 in total with 14 facial bones), so statement 3 is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Joints are fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (between vertebrae, pubic symphysis) and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle).
2. Axial skeleton has 80 bones; the skull has 8 cranial and 14 facial bones, and the vertebral column has 26 bones.

Answer: (c) A-(iv), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iii)

Explanation:
1. The collar bone is the clavicle, the glenoid cavity belongs to the pectoral girdle, the acetabulum to the pelvic girdle and the knee cap is the patella.

Teacher's Note:
1. A sarcomere between two Z lines has an A-band (actin and myosin) in the middle and I-bands (actin only) on the sides; the H-zone lies in the A-band.
2. During contraction I-bands and H-zone shorten, but the A-band stays the same length.

Answer: (b) Thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum

Explanation:
1. The rib cage is formed by the thoracic vertebrae, ribs and the sternum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Red muscle fibres have many mitochondria and much myoglobin and work aerobically; white fibres have few mitochondria, less myoglobin and depend on anaerobic glycolysis.
2. Muscle fatigue is due to accumulation of lactic acid; osteoporosis is due to a fall in oestrogen with age.

Answer: (b) A, C, D

Explanation:
1. Skull bones, sternum and ribs are flat bones; vertebrae are irregular and carpals are short bones.

Teacher's Note:
1. Joints are fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (between vertebrae, pubic symphysis) and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle).
2. Axial skeleton has 80 bones; the skull has 8 cranial and 14 facial bones, and the vertebral column has 26 bones.

Answer: (c) Cartilaginous joint - pubic symphysis

Explanation:
1. The pubic symphysis between the two halves of the pelvic girdle is a cartilaginous joint.

Teacher's Note:
1. A sarcomere between two Z lines has an A-band (actin and myosin) in the middle and I-bands (actin only) on the sides; the H-zone lies in the A-band.
2. During contraction I-bands and H-zone shorten, but the A-band stays the same length.

Answer: (d) A-(iv), B-(v), C-(vi), D-(ii), E-(i), F-(iii)

Explanation:
1. There are 8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones, 80 axial bones, 6 vertebrochondral ribs (3 pairs), 5 lumbar vertebrae and 7 ankle (tarsal) bones.

Teacher's Note:
1. Red muscle fibres have many mitochondria and much myoglobin and work aerobically; white fibres have few mitochondria, less myoglobin and depend on anaerobic glycolysis.
2. Muscle fatigue is due to accumulation of lactic acid; osteoporosis is due to a fall in oestrogen with age.

Answer: (c) Increased levels of estrogen is a common cause of it.

Explanation:
1. Osteoporosis is caused by decreased oestrogen after menopause, not by increased levels.

Teacher's Note:
1. Joints are fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (between vertebrae, pubic symphysis) and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle).
2. Axial skeleton has 80 bones; the skull has 8 cranial and 14 facial bones, and the vertebral column has 26 bones.

Answer: (b) Sarcomere

Explanation:
1. The portion of a myofibril between two successive Z lines is the sarcomere.

Teacher's Note:
1. A sarcomere between two Z lines has an A-band (actin and myosin) in the middle and I-bands (actin only) on the sides; the H-zone lies in the A-band.
2. During contraction I-bands and H-zone shorten, but the A-band stays the same length.

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. Skeletal muscle fibre shows excitability, extensibility, contractility and elasticity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Red muscle fibres have many mitochondria and much myoglobin and work aerobically; white fibres have few mitochondria, less myoglobin and depend on anaerobic glycolysis.
2. Muscle fatigue is due to accumulation of lactic acid; osteoporosis is due to a fall in oestrogen with age.

Answer: (a) A, B

Explanation:
1. White fibres have few mitochondria and plenty of sarcoplasmic reticulum, so statements A and B are incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Joints are fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (between vertebrae, pubic symphysis) and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle).
2. Axial skeleton has 80 bones; the skull has 8 cranial and 14 facial bones, and the vertebral column has 26 bones.

Answer: (c) Lactic acid

Explanation:
1. Fatigue is due to accumulation of lactic acid from anaerobic breakdown of glycogen.

Teacher's Note:
1. A sarcomere between two Z lines has an A-band (actin and myosin) in the middle and I-bands (actin only) on the sides; the H-zone lies in the A-band.
2. During contraction I-bands and H-zone shorten, but the A-band stays the same length.

Answer: (c) More sarcoplasmic reticulum

Explanation:
1. Red fibres have less sarcoplasmic reticulum; more mitochondria, myoglobin and capillaries are their features.

Teacher's Note:
1. Red muscle fibres have many mitochondria and much myoglobin and work aerobically; white fibres have few mitochondria, less myoglobin and depend on anaerobic glycolysis.
2. Muscle fatigue is due to accumulation of lactic acid; osteoporosis is due to a fall in oestrogen with age.

Answer: (b) Sarcomere

Explanation:
1. The sarcomere is the structural and functional unit of contraction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Joints are fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (between vertebrae, pubic symphysis) and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle).
2. Axial skeleton has 80 bones; the skull has 8 cranial and 14 facial bones, and the vertebral column has 26 bones.

Answer: (d) Flagellated movement - in trachea

Explanation:
1. Cilia, not flagella, line the trachea, so statement 4 is incorrectly matched.

Teacher's Note:
1. A sarcomere between two Z lines has an A-band (actin and myosin) in the middle and I-bands (actin only) on the sides; the H-zone lies in the A-band.
2. During contraction I-bands and H-zone shorten, but the A-band stays the same length.

Answer: (b) B, C, D

Explanation:
1. Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary, branched, rich in mitochondria and richly supplied with blood.

Teacher's Note:
1. Red muscle fibres have many mitochondria and much myoglobin and work aerobically; white fibres have few mitochondria, less myoglobin and depend on anaerobic glycolysis.
2. Muscle fatigue is due to accumulation of lactic acid; osteoporosis is due to a fall in oestrogen with age.

Answer: (b) Myosin head

Explanation:
1. The ATPase activity is located in the head of myosin.

Teacher's Note:
1. Joints are fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (between vertebrae, pubic symphysis) and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle).
2. Axial skeleton has 80 bones; the skull has 8 cranial and 14 facial bones, and the vertebral column has 26 bones.

Answer: (b) B, C

Explanation:
1. The A-band lies in the middle of the sarcomere and I-bands shorten on contraction; the H-zone is in the A-band and light bands contain only actin.

Teacher's Note:
1. A sarcomere between two Z lines has an A-band (actin and myosin) in the middle and I-bands (actin only) on the sides; the H-zone lies in the A-band.
2. During contraction I-bands and H-zone shorten, but the A-band stays the same length.