NEET Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs Set 18

Answer: (a) calyces

Explanation:
1. The renal pelvis has funnel-shaped projections called calyces, which collect urine from the renal papillae.

Teacher's Note:
1. C
2. a
3. l
4. y
5. c
6. e
7. s
8.
9. l
10. e
11. a
12. d
13.
14. u
15. r
16. i
17. n
18. e
19.
20. i
21. n
22. t
23. o
24.
25. t
26. h
27. e
28.
29. r
30. e
31. n
32. a
33. l
34.
35. p
36. e
37. l
38. v
39. i
40. s
41.
42. a
43. n
44. d
45.
46. t
47. h
48. e
49. n
50.
51. t
52. o
53.
54. t
55. h
56. e
57.
58. u
59. r
60. e
61. t
62. e
63. r
64. .

Answer: (a) Malpighian (renal) corpuscle

Explanation:
1. The glomerulus (capillary tuft) together with Bowman's capsule forms the renal corpuscle, also called the Malpighian body.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4.
5. r
6. e
7. n
8. a
9. l
10.
11. c
12. o
13. r
14. p
15. u
16. s
17. c
18. l
19. e
20.
21. i
22. s
23.
24. w
25. h
26. e
27. r
28. e
29.
30. u
31. l
32. t
33. r
34. a
35. f
36. i
37. l
38. t
39. r
40. a
41. t
42. i
43. o
44. n
45.
46. t
47. a
48. k
49. e
50. s
51.
52. p
53. l
54. a
55. c
56. e
57. .

Answer: (a) uricotelic animals

Explanation:
1. Uric acid is nearly insoluble and is excreted as a semi-solid paste with very little water by uricotelic animals such as birds, reptiles and insects.

Teacher's Note:
1. U
2. r
3. i
4. c
5. o
6. t
7. e
8. l
9. i
10. s
11. m
12.
13. s
14. a
15. v
16. e
17. s
18.
19. w
20. a
21. t
22. e
23. r
24. .

Answer: (a) albumin

Explanation:
1. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and contributes most of the colloidal osmotic pressure.

Teacher's Note:
1. P
2. l
3. a
4. s
5. m
6. a
7.
8. p
9. r
10. o
11. t
12. e
13. i
14. n
15. s
16.
17. p
18. u
19. l
20. l
21.
22. w
23. a
24. t
25. e
26. r
27.
28. b
29. a
30. c
31. k
32.
33. i
34. n
35. t
36. o
37.
38. t
39. h
40. e
41.
42. c
43. a
44. p
45. i
46. l
47. l
48. a
49. r
50. i
51. e
52. s
53. .

Answer: (a) ascending limb of Henle's loop

Explanation:
1. The ascending limb is impermeable to water but actively or passively transports electrolytes out, so the filtrate becomes dilute.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. i
4. s
5.
6. i
7. s
8.
9. w
10. h
11. a
12. t
13.
14. c
15. r
16. e
17. a
18. t
19. e
20. s
21.
22. t
23. h
24. e
25.
26. m
27. e
28. d
29. u
30. l
31. l
32. a
33. r
34. y
35.
36. c
37. o
38. n
39. c
40. e
41. n
42. t
43. r
44. a
45. t
46. i
47. o
48. n
49.
50. g
51. r
52. a
53. d
54. i
55. e
56. n
57. t
58. .

Answer: (a) vasopressin (ADH)

Explanation:
1. ADH (vasopressin) increases the water permeability of the distal tubule and collecting duct, so more water is reabsorbed.

Teacher's Note:
1. A
2. D
3. H
4.
5. i
6. s
7.
8. r
9. e
10. l
11. e
12. a
13. s
14. e
15. d
16.
17. b
18. y
19.
20. t
21. h
22. e
23.
24. p
25. o
26. s
27. t
28. e
29. r
30. i
31. o
32. r
33.
34. p
35. i
36. t
37. u
38. i
39. t
40. a
41. r
42. y
43. .

Answer: (a) equal

Explanation:
1. The glomerular filtrate is like protein-free plasma, so the glucose concentration equals that of plasma.

Teacher's Note:
1. G
2. l
3. u
4. c
5. o
6. s
7. e
8.
9. i
10. s
11.
12. l
13. a
14. t
15. e
16. r
17.
18. r
19. e
20. a
21. b
22. s
23. o
24. r
25. b
26. e
27. d
28.
29. c
30. o
31. m
32. p
33. l
34. e
35. t
36. e
37. l
38. y
39.
40. i
41. n
42.
43. t
44. h
45. e
46.
47. p
48. r
49. o
50. x
51. i
52. m
53. a
54. l
55.
56. t
57. u
58. b
59. u
60. l
61. e
62.
63. u
64. n
65. d
66. e
67. r
68.
69. n
70. o
71. r
72. m
73. a
74. l
75.
76. c
77. o
78. n
79. d
80. i
81. t
82. i
83. o
84. n
85. s
86. .

Answer: (a) peritubular capillaries

Explanation:
1. The efferent arteriole breaks into the peritubular capillary network which surrounds the tubule and helps reabsorption.

Teacher's Note:
1. A
2.
3. p
4. o
5. r
6. t
7. a
8. l
9.
10. s
11. y
12. s
13. t
14. e
15. m
16.
17. i
18. s
19.
20. f
21. o
22. r
23. m
24. e
25. d
26.
27. b
28. y
29.
30. t
31. h
32. e
33.
34. a
35. f
36. f
37. e
38. r
39. e
40. n
41. t
42.
43. a
44. n
45. d
46.
47. e
48. f
49. f
50. e
51. r
52. e
53. n
54. t
55.
56. a
57. r
58. t
59. e
60. r
61. i
62. o
63. l
64. e
65. s
66. .

Answer: (a) Malpighian (renal) corpuscles are present in the cortex region of the kidney

Explanation:
1. The renal corpuscles are located in the cortex.
2. About 85 percent of nephrons are cortical, not juxta-medullary.
3. The DCT does reabsorb bicarbonate.
4. ADH release increases when the body loses water.

Teacher's Note:
1. J
2. u
3. x
4. t
5. a
6. -
7. m
8. e
9. d
10. u
11. l
12. l
13. a
14. r
15. y
16.
17. n
18. e
19. p
20. h
21. r
22. o
23. n
24. s
25.
26. h
27. a
28. v
29. e
30.
31. l
32. o
33. n
34. g
35.
36. l
37. o
38. o
39. p
40. s
41.
42. o
43. f
44.
45. H
46. e
47. n
48. l
49. e
50.
51. a
52. n
53. d
54.
55. a
56. r
57. e
58.
59. o
60. n
61. l
62. y
63.
64. a
65. b
66. o
67. u
68. t
69.
70. 1
71. 5
72.
73. p
74. e
75. r
76. c
77. e
78. n
79. t
80. .

Answer: (a) Counter-current flow in the vasa recta helps retain the reabsorbed sodium in the renal medulla

Explanation:
1. The vasa recta run parallel to the loop of Henle and maintain the medullary gradient.
2. A haemodialyser removes urea and uric acid, but not glucose or proteins.
3. The filtrate in the DCT is isotonic or hypotonic, not hypertonic.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4.
5. v
6. a
7. s
8. a
9.
10. r
11. e
12. c
13. t
14. a
15.
16. a
17. c
18. t
19.
20. a
21. s
22.
23. a
24.
25. c
26. o
27. u
28. n
29. t
30. e
31. r
32. -
33. c
34. u
35. r
36. r
37. e
38. n
39. t
40.
41. e
42. x
43. c
44. h
45. a
46. n
47. g
48. e
49. r
50. .

Answer: (a) When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed

Explanation:
1. Excess water lowers the osmolarity of blood, so ADH release is suppressed and dilute urine is passed.
2. Angiotensin II is formed when GFR falls, not when glomerular blood flow rises.

Teacher's Note:
1. A
2. D
3. H
4.
5. r
6. i
7. s
8. e
9. s
10.
11. w
12. h
13. e
14. n
15.
16. b
17. l
18. o
19. o
20. d
21.
22. i
23. s
24.
25. c
26. o
27. n
28. c
29. e
30. n
31. t
32. r
33. a
34. t
35. e
36. d
37.
38. a
39. n
40. d
41.
42. f
43. a
44. l
45. l
46. s
47.
48. w
49. h
50. e
51. n
52.
53. i
54. t
55.
56. i
57. s
58.
59. d
60. i
61. l
62. u
63. t
64. e
65. .

Answer: (d) the concentration of glucose in the glomerular filtrate is more than its normal amount

Explanation:
1. High blood glucose raises the concentration in the filtrate above the renal threshold, so the tubule cannot reabsorb all of it and the rest appears in urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4.
5. r
6. e
7. n
8. a
9. l
10.
11. t
12. h
13. r
14. e
15. s
16. h
17. o
18. l
19. d
20.
21. f
22. o
23. r
24.
25. g
26. l
27. u
28. c
29. o
30. s
31. e
32.
33. i
34. s
35.
36. a
37. b
38. o
39. u
40. t
41.
42. 1
43. 8
44. 0
45.
46. m
47. g
48.
49. p
50. e
51. r
52.
53. 1
54. 0
55. 0
56.
57. m
58. L
59. .

Answer: (c) Juxtaglomerular cells (juxtaglomerular apparatus)

Explanation:
1. Renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the afferent arteriole near the glomerulus when the GFR falls.

Teacher's Note:
1. R
2. e
3. n
4. i
5. n
6.
7. s
8. t
9. a
10. r
11. t
12. s
13.
14. t
15. h
16. e
17.
18. r
19. e
20. n
21. i
22. n
23. -
24. a
25. n
26. g
27. i
28. o
29. t
30. e
31. n
32. s
33. i
34. n
35.
36. p
37. a
38. t
39. h
40. w
41. a
42. y
43. .

Answer: (c) juxtaglomerular cells to release renin

Explanation:
1. A fall in GFR activates the JG cells, which release renin and set off the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Teacher's Note:
1. R
2. e
3. n
4. i
5. n
6.
7. l
8. e
9. a
10. d
11. s
12.
13. t
14. o
15.
16. a
17. n
18. g
19. i
20. o
21. t
22. e
23. n
24. s
25. i
26. n
27.
28. I
29. I
30.
31. a
32. n
33. d
34.
35. a
36. l
37. d
38. o
39. s
40. t
41. e
42. r
43. o
44. n
45. e
46. .

Answer: (c) Renal vein

Explanation:
1. The kidneys remove urea from the blood, so the renal vein has the lowest urea content.

Teacher's Note:
1. B
2. l
3. o
4. o
5. d
6.
7. l
8. e
9. a
10. v
11. i
12. n
13. g
14.
15. t
16. h
17. e
18.
19. k
20. i
21. d
22. n
23. e
24. y
25.
26. i
27. s
28.
29. c
30. l
31. e
32. a
33. r
34. e
35. d
36.
37. o
38. f
39.
40. u
41. r
42. e
43. a
44. .

Answer: (c) conduction of urine

Explanation:
1. The ducts of Bellini are the large collecting ducts that open at the renal papillae and conduct urine to the calyces.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4. y
5.
6. c
7. a
8. r
9. r
10. y
11.
12. c
13. o
14. n
15. c
16. e
17. n
18. t
19. r
20. a
21. t
22. e
23. d
24.
25. u
26. r
27. i
28. n
29. e
30.
31. t
32. o
33.
34. t
35. h
36. e
37.
38. r
39. e
40. n
41. a
42. l
43.
44. p
45. e
46. l
47. v
48. i
49. s
50. .

Answer: (b) Antidiuretic hormone

Explanation:
1. ADH (vasopressin) regulates water reabsorption, so it governs urine concentration.

Teacher's Note:
1. A
2. D
3. H
4.
5. a
6. c
7. t
8. s
9.
10. o
11. n
12.
13. t
14. h
15. e
16.
17. c
18. o
19. l
20. l
21. e
22. c
23. t
24. i
25. n
26. g
27.
28. d
29. u
30. c
31. t
32. .

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Transitional epithelium allows stretching, so A is true.
2. R is also true, but it does not explain the type of epithelium.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. r
3. a
4. n
5. s
6. i
7. t
8. i
9. o
10. n
11. a
12. l
13.
14. e
15. p
16. i
17. t
18. h
19. e
20. l
21. i
22. u
23. m
24.
25. s
26. t
27. r
28. e
29. t
30. c
31. h
32. e
33. s
34.
35. a
36. s
37.
38. t
39. h
40. e
41.
42. b
43. l
44. a
45. d
46. d
47. e
48. r
49.
50. f
51. i
52. l
53. l
54. s
55. .

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
1. The liver excretes bile pigments, cholesterol and other substances, so A is true.
2. The liver does not help in the secretion of urine, so R is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. T
2. h
3. e
4.
5. l
6. i
7. v
8. e
9. r
10.
11. e
12. x
13. c
14. r
15. e
16. t
17. e
18. s
19.
20. t
21. h
22. r
23. o
24. u
25. g
26. h
27.
28. b
29. i
30. l
31. e
32. ,
33.
34. n
35. o
36. t
37.
38. t
39. h
40. r
41. o
42. u
43. g
44. h
45.
46. u
47. r
48. i
49. n
50. e
51. .

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Whales and seals excrete urea as their main nitrogenous waste, which is what ureotelic means.

Teacher's Note:
1. U
2. r
3. e
4. o
5. t
6. e
7. l
8. i
9. c
10.
11. a
12. n
13. i
14. m
15. a
16. l
17. s
18.
19. e
20. x
21. c
22. r
23. e
24. t
25. e
26.
27. u
28. r
29. e
30. a
31. .

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. The renal threshold is the blood glucose level at which the tubule's reabsorption capacity is exceeded, so glucose appears in urine. R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. A
2. b
3. o
4. v
5. e
6.
7. t
8. h
9. e
10.
11. t
12. h
13. r
14. e
15. s
16. h
17. o
18. l
19. d
20.
21. g
22. l
23. u
24. c
25. o
26. s
27. e
28.
29. s
30. p
31. i
32. l
33. l
34. s
35.
36. i
37. n
38. t
39. o
40.
41. u
42. r
43. i
44. n
45. e
46. .