NEET Biology Excretory Products and Their Elimination MCQs Set 17

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Find out the correct statement:
(a) Kidneys do not play any significant role in ammonia removal in bony fish
(b) Human kidneys can produce hypertonic urine nearly four times concentrated than the initial filtrate
(c) Urea may be retained in the kidney matrix of some animals to maintain a desired osmolarity
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Bony fish remove ammonia mainly through the gills, human urine can be four times as concentrated as the filtrate (1200 mOsmol/L against 300), and urea in the medulla helps to maintain osmolarity.

Teacher's Note:
1. So all statements are correct.

Question 2: The thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is lined by:
(a) Cuboidal cells
(b) Squamous cells
(c) Columnar cells
(d) Compound epithelium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Squamous cells

Explanation:
1. The thin segment of the loop of Henle has simple squamous epithelium, which is thin and permeable.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 3: Which is not reabsorbed actively in the nephron?
(a) Glucose
(b) Na+
(c) Amino acids
(d) Nitrogenous wastes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Nitrogenous wastes

Explanation:
1. Glucose, amino acids and Na+ are reabsorbed actively, and nitrogenous wastes are absorbed passively or not reabsorbed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 4: Which type of tissue is found in PCT and collecting duct?
(a) Simple cuboidal brush border and simple squamous
(b) Simple cuboidal brush border and simple columnar
(c) Simple cuboidal brush border and simple cuboidal
(d) Simple cuboidal and simple squamous
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Simple cuboidal brush border and simple cuboidal

Explanation:
1. The PCT has a brush border simple cuboidal epithelium, and the collecting duct has simple cuboidal epithelium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 5: Identify the wrong combinations: (a) Green glands - crustacean - ureotelic (b) Malpighian tubules - insect - uricotelic (c) Nephridia - Annelida - uricotelic (d) Flame cells - Aschelminthes - ammonotelic
(a) a, b, c
(b) a, c, d
(c) b, c, d
(d) a, b, d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a, c, d

Explanation:
1. Green glands of crustaceans excrete ammonia, annelids excrete ammonia or urea, and flame cells are found in Platyhelminthes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Only the Malpighian tubule match is correct.

Question 6: Select the correct option with reference to haemodialysis:
(a) When nitrogenous waste concentration is high in blood, the waste is removed by haemodialysis
(b) Anticoagulant like heparin is used during haemodialysis
(c) It is also used for removal of ketone bodies during diabetes mellitus
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Haemodialysis removes urea and other wastes from the blood of uraemic patients, and heparin prevents clotting during the process.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 7: Which blood vessel contains the minimum amount of urea?
(a) Dorsal aorta
(b) Renal vein
(c) Renal artery
(d) Hepatic artery
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Renal vein

Explanation:
1. The kidney removes urea from the blood, so blood in the renal vein has the minimum urea.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 8: Glucose, amino acids and 75% of water are reabsorbed in:
(a) Proximal convoluted tubule
(b) Distal convoluted tubule
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Loop of Henle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Proximal convoluted tubule

Explanation:
1. The PCT reabsorbs nearly all the glucose and amino acids, and about 70-80% of water and electrolytes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 9: The main function of the loop of Henle is the reabsorption of water from the contents of renal tubules. In which of the following is the loop of Henle absent?
(a) Desert mouse
(b) Carnivorous bird
(c) Fresh water fish
(d) Garden lizard
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Fresh water fish

Explanation:
1. The loop of Henle is needed to concentrate urine and is absent in fresh water fish, which need to excrete dilute urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 10: Which of the following is not a part of the nephron?
(a) Bowman's capsule
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Distal convoluted tubule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Collecting duct

Explanation:
1. The collecting duct is formed from many nephrons and is not a part of the nephron.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 11: How many of the following statements are incorrect? (a) Mammals have the ability to produce a concentrated urine. (b) Reabsorption from the loop of Henle is maximum. (c) Nearly all the essential nutrients and 70-80 per cent of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by DCT. (d) The amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is called the glomerular filtration rate.
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Two

Explanation:
1. Statement b is wrong because maximum reabsorption is in the PCT.
2. Statement c is wrong because the PCT, and not the DCT, reabsorbs these.

Teacher's Note:
1. So two statements are incorrect.

Question 12: Which part of the nephron is responsible for conditional reabsorption of water and Na+?
(a) Proximal convoluted tubule
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Distal convoluted tubule
(d) Bowman's capsule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Distal convoluted tubule

Explanation:
1. The DCT reabsorbs water and Na+ under hormonal control by aldosterone and ADH, so the reabsorption is conditional.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 13: Which of the following is not present in medullary pyramids?
(a) Loop of Henle
(b) Peritubular capillaries
(c) PCT and DCT
(d) Collecting ducts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) PCT and DCT

Explanation:
1. The PCT and DCT lie in the cortex.

Teacher's Note:
1. The medulla has the loops of Henle, the vasa recta and the collecting ducts.

Question 14: If the diameter of the afferent arteriole is decreased whereas the diameter of the efferent arteriole is increased, ultrafiltration will:
(a) Be faster
(b) Be slower
(c) Not take place
(d) Have no effect on ultrafiltration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Be slower

Explanation:
1. Less blood enters the glomerulus and more leaves it, so the glomerular pressure falls and filtration becomes slower.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 15: The number of renal papillae in a kidney is:
(a) Equal to the renal pyramids
(b) Half of the renal pyramids
(c) Double of the renal pyramids
(d) Equal to the number of nephrons
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Equal to the renal pyramids

Explanation:
1. Each medullary pyramid projects into the calyx as a renal papilla, so the numbers are equal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 16: Which of the following statements is incorrect about the PCT of a nephron?
(a) PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium which decreases the surface area for reabsorption and secretion
(b) Nearly all the essential nutrients are reabsorbed by this segment
(c) PCT also helps in maintaining ionic balance and pH of the body fluids
(d) Fluid in the PCT remains isotonic with respect to plasma
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium which decreases the surface area for reabsorption and secretion

Explanation:
1. The brush border increases the surface area for reabsorption and secretion.

Teacher's Note:
1. The other statements are correct.

Question 17: Match the disorder with its feature: (A) Uremia (B) Haematuria (C) Ketonuria (D) Glycosuria (E) Proteinuria with (I) excess of proteins in urine (II) presence of ketone bodies in urine (III) presence of blood cells in urine (IV) presence of glucose in urine (V) excess of urea in blood.
(a) A-V, B-III, C-II, D-IV, E-I
(b) A-III, B-V, C-II, D-IV, E-I
(c) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV, E-V
(d) A-V, B-II, C-III, D-IV, E-I
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-V, B-III, C-II, D-IV, E-I

Explanation:
1. Uraemia is excess urea in blood, haematuria is blood cells in urine, ketonuria is ketone bodies, glycosuria is glucose and proteinuria is protein in urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 18: Which of the following does not take place when there is a fall in glomerular filtration rate?
(a) Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
(b) Juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
(c) Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
(d) Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

Explanation:
1. A fall in GFR activates the JG cells to release renin, which leads to aldosterone release, and the osmoreceptors cause ADH release.

Teacher's Note:
1. Adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla is not part of this mechanism.

Question 19: In humans, the excretory system consists of:
(a) One pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra
(b) One pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a pair of urinary bladders and a urethra
(c) One pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a pair of urethra
(d) One pair of kidneys, a ureter, a urinary bladder and a urethra
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) One pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra

Explanation:
1. The human excretory system has one pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a single urinary bladder and a single urethra.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 20: A ten years old child takes a large amount of protein. He is likely to excrete a greater amount of:
(a) Urea
(b) Uric acid
(c) Ammonia
(d) Amino acids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Urea

Explanation:
1. Excess amino acids are deaminated in the liver, and the ammonia is converted into urea, which is excreted.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 21: Reabsorption of chloride ions from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney tubule occurs by:
(a) Active transport
(b) Simple diffusion
(c) Osmosis
(d) Brownian movement
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Simple diffusion

Explanation:
1. Chloride moves passively along the electrochemical gradient created by the active transport of sodium.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 22: Substances like glucose, amino acids and Na+ in the filtrate are reabsorbed __A__ whereas the nitrogenous wastes are absorbed by __B__.
(a) A actively, B passive transport
(b) A passively, B active transport
(c) A actively, B facilitated diffusion
(d) A facilitated diffusion, B actively
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A actively, B passive transport

Explanation:
1. Glucose, amino acids and Na+ are reabsorbed by active transport, and nitrogenous wastes are absorbed by passive transport.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 23: Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by:
(a) Changes in blood volume
(b) Changes in body fluid volume
(c) Changes in ionic concentration
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Osmoreceptors respond to changes in blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentration, and they trigger ADH release.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

Question 24: The yellow colour of urine is due to:
(a) Urea
(b) Uric acid
(c) Urochrome
(d) Melanin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Urochrome

Explanation:
1. Urochrome is a pigment formed from the breakdown of haemoglobin, and it gives urine its yellow colour.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise this point from the NCERT chapter and link it with the related terms.

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