NEET Biology Excretory Products and Their Elimination MCQs Set 15

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which pair of waste substances is removed from blood in the ornithine cycle?
(a) CO2 and urea
(b) Ammonia and urea
(c) CO2 and ammonia
(d) Urea and sodium salt
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CO2 and ammonia

Explanation:
1. In the ornithine cycle, ammonia and carbon dioxide are used to make urea and so are removed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Urea is then excreted.

Question 2: Match: A Loop of Henle, B Renal artery, C Proximal convoluted tubule, D Glomerulus, E Distal convoluted tubule with 1 carries blood to the kidney, 2 area where a considerable amount of reabsorption takes place, 3 main area of K+ and H+ secretion, 4 filtration of blood, 5 plays a role in concentration of urine.
(a) 5,1,2,4,3
(b) 5,1,2,3,4
(c) 1,5,3,4,2
(d) 2,1,3,5,4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 5,1,2,4,3

Explanation:
1. The loop of Henle helps in concentrating urine, the renal artery carries blood to the kidney, the PCT reabsorbs most substances, the glomerulus filters blood and the DCT secretes K+ and H+.

Teacher's Note:
1. Link structure and function.

Question 3: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
(a) Regulation of blood pressure
(b) Removal of urea
(c) Regulation of acidity of fluids
(d) Secretion of antibiotics
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Secretion of antibiotics

Explanation:
1. Kidneys regulate BP, pH and remove wastes, but do not secrete antibiotics.

Teacher's Note:
1. They secrete renin and erythropoietin.

Question 4: Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) The afferent arteriole is narrower than the efferent arteriole
(b) The afferent venule is narrower than the efferent venule
(c) The efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole
(d) The efferent venule is narrower than the afferent venule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) The efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole

Explanation:
1. A narrow efferent arteriole keeps up the pressure in the glomerulus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Venules are not involved here.

Question 5: In micturition:
(a) The urethra relaxes
(b) The ureter contracts
(c) The ureter relaxes
(d) The urethra contracts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The urethra relaxes

Explanation:
1. The urethral sphincter relaxes and the bladder wall contracts to pass urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. The reflex is controlled by the CNS.

Question 6: Which of the following are uricotelic animals?
(a) Rohu and frog
(b) Lizard and crow
(c) Camel and frog
(d) Earthworm and eagle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Lizard and crow

Explanation:
1. Reptiles and birds are uricotelic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rohu is ammonotelic, frog is ureotelic.

Question 7: The duct of Bellini opens on the:
(a) Collecting duct
(b) Ureter
(c) Renal papilla
(d) DCT
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Renal papilla

Explanation:
1. Collecting ducts join to form ducts of Bellini, which open into the renal pelvis at the renal papilla.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the end of urine formation.

Question 8: The loop of Henle is associated with the:
(a) Excretory system
(b) Respiratory system
(c) Reproductive system
(d) Digestive system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Excretory system

Explanation:
1. The loop of Henle is part of the nephron.

Teacher's Note:
1. It establishes the medullary gradient.

Question 9: Diuresis is a condition characterised by:
(a) Increase in urine volume
(b) Increased sugar excretion
(c) Decrease in urine volume
(d) Decrease in ionic balance
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Increase in urine volume

Explanation:
1. Diuresis means increased urine output.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diuretics cause diuresis.

Question 10: Uric acid is the main excretory product in:
(a) Insects
(b) Earthworm
(c) Amphibians
(d) Mammals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Insects

Explanation:
1. Insects are uricotelic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Earthworms are ureotelic.

Question 11: Which of the following are metabolic wastes of protein metabolism?
(a) NH3, urea and CO2
(b) Urea, oxygen and N2
(c) Urea, ammonia and alanine
(d) Urea, ammonia and creatinine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Urea, ammonia and creatinine

Explanation:
1. Protein metabolism gives ammonia, urea and creatinine as wastes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Creatinine comes from creatine in muscles.

Question 12: Blood vessels leading into the Bowman's capsule are called:
(a) Renal vein
(b) Renal artery
(c) Efferent arteriole
(d) Afferent arteriole
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Afferent arteriole

Explanation:
1. The afferent arteriole supplies the glomerulus within the capsule.

Teacher's Note:
1. The efferent arteriole carries blood out.

Question 13: A man has taken a large amount of protein in his diet. He will excrete more of:
(a) Urea
(b) Uric acid
(c) Sugar
(d) Salts and water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Urea

Explanation:
1. Excess amino acids are deaminated, increasing urea formation and excretion.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mammals are ureotelic.

Question 14: The reabsorption of useful substances from the glomerular filtrate mostly occurs in the:
(a) Collecting tube
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule
(d) Distal convoluted tubule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Proximal convoluted tubule

Explanation:
1. The PCT reabsorbs most glucose, amino acids and about 65% of water and salts.

Teacher's Note:
1. The DCT and collecting duct adjust the final composition.

Question 15: Excess urea in the blood due to kidney failure is called:
(a) Urochrome
(b) Uraemia
(c) Uricotelism
(d) Ureotelism
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Uraemia

Explanation:
1. Uraemia is the accumulation of urea in the blood.

Teacher's Note:
1. It can be fatal without dialysis.

Question 16: The total filtrate formed in 24 hours in the human kidney is:
(a) 1.8 litres
(b) 8.0 litres
(c) 18 litres
(d) 180 litres
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 180 litres

Explanation:
1. The GFR is about 125 mL per minute, which is about 180 litres per day, but only about 1.5 litres of urine is formed.

Teacher's Note:
1. About 99 percent is reabsorbed.

Question 17: In the kidney, the glomerulus is involved in:
(a) Reabsorption of salts
(b) Urine collection
(c) Urine formation by blood filtration
(d) Tubular secretion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Urine formation by blood filtration

Explanation:
1. The glomerulus filters blood to form the glomerular filtrate.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is called ultrafiltration.

Question 18: The hormone that promotes the reabsorption of water from the glomerular filtrate is:
(a) Oxytocin
(b) Vasopressin
(c) Relaxin
(d) Calcitonin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Vasopressin

Explanation:
1. ADH (vasopressin) increases water reabsorption in the DCT and collecting duct.

Teacher's Note:
1. ADH deficiency causes diabetes insipidus.

Question 19: Glucose is taken back from the glomerular filtrate through:
(a) Active transport
(b) Passive transport
(c) Osmosis
(d) Diffusion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Active transport

Explanation:
1. Glucose is reabsorbed in the PCT by active transport.

Teacher's Note:
1. The renal threshold of glucose is about 180 mg per 100 mL.

Question 20: The main functions of the kidney are:
(a) Passive absorption
(b) Ultrafiltration
(c) Selective reabsorption
(d) Both ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Both ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption

Explanation:
1. Kidneys filter the blood and then selectively reabsorb useful substances.

Teacher's Note:
1. They also secrete wastes.

Question 21: Which one is found in blood but not in the nephric filtrate?
(a) Urea
(b) Glucose
(c) Amino acids
(d) Globulin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Globulin

Explanation:
1. Large proteins like globulins cannot pass through the filtration membrane.

Teacher's Note:
1. The filtrate is protein-free plasma.

Question 22: One of the following is impermeable to water normally:
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) Descending limb
(d) Ascending limb
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Ascending limb

Explanation:
1. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water but permeable to salts.

Teacher's Note:
1. The descending limb is permeable to water.

Question 23: Which regulates the reabsorption of salts from the glomerular filtrate?
(a) Oxytocin
(b) Vasopressin
(c) Glucocorticoids
(d) Mineralocorticoids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Mineralocorticoids

Explanation:
1. Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, increases Na+ reabsorption.

Teacher's Note:
1. ADH controls water.

Question 24: The afferent arteriole diameter is more than the efferent arteriole. This helps in:
(a) More blood flow to the efferent arteriole
(b) Creating lower pressure in the glomerulus
(c) Creating higher pressure in the glomerulus
(d) Tubular secretion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Creating higher pressure in the glomerulus

Explanation:
1. Blood enters easily but leaves with difficulty, which builds glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pressure drives filtration.

Question 25: The concentration of urine depends upon which part?
(a) Bowman's capsule
(b) Length of Henle's loop
(c) PCT
(d) Network of capillaries arising from the glomerulus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Length of Henle's loop

Explanation:
1. A longer loop of Henle creates a steeper medullary gradient and more concentrated urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Desert mammals have long loops.

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