NEET Biology Excretory Products and Their Elimination MCQs Set 14

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Micturition is:
(a) Removal of urea from blood
(b) Removal of uric acid
(c) Passing out urine
(d) Removal of faeces
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Passing out urine

Explanation:
1. Micturition is the voiding of urine from the bladder.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is controlled by a reflex and voluntary action.

Question 2: The diameter of the renal afferent vessel is:
(a) Same as that of efferent
(b) Smaller than that of efferent
(c) Larger than that of efferent
(d) No efferent vessel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Larger than that of efferent

Explanation:
1. The wider afferent arteriole and narrower efferent arteriole build the glomerular pressure.

Teacher's Note:
1. High pressure helps filtration.

Question 3: The afferent and efferent vessels of the glomerulus are:
(a) Arterial in nature
(b) Venous in nature
(c) One arterial and the other venous
(d) One venous and the other arterial
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Arterial in nature

Explanation:
1. Both are arterioles, so the glomerulus is a portal network between two arterioles.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is a renal portal-like arrangement.

Question 4: Physiologically, urea is produced by the action of the enzyme:
(a) Uricase
(b) Urease
(c) Arginase
(d) Rennin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Arginase

Explanation:
1. Arginase splits arginine into urea and ornithine in the urea cycle.

Teacher's Note:
1. Urease is a bacterial enzyme that breaks urea.

Question 5: A notch present on the medial side of the kidney is known as:
(a) Ureter
(b) Pelvis
(c) Hilus
(d) Pyramid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Hilus

Explanation:
1. The hilum (hilus) is the notch through which the ureter, vessels and nerves pass.

Teacher's Note:
1. The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped space inside.

Question 6: Bowman's capsule is lined by:
(a) Ciliated cuboidal epithelium
(b) Squamous epithelium
(c) Nonciliated cuboidal epithelium
(d) Nonciliated columnar epithelium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Squamous epithelium

Explanation:
1. The Bowman's capsule has a thin squamous epithelium, which forms podocytes in its inner layer.

Teacher's Note:
1. Thin walls aid filtration.

Question 7: The functional and structural unit of the kidney is:
(a) Nephron
(b) Seminiferous tubule
(c) Acini
(d) None
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Nephron

Explanation:
1. Each kidney has about a million nephrons.

Teacher's Note:
1. A nephron has a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

Question 8: The snakes living in deserts are mainly:
(a) Ammonotelic
(b) Aminotelic
(c) Ureotelic
(d) Uricotelic
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Uricotelic

Explanation:
1. Reptiles are uricotelic and desert species conserve water by excreting semisolid uric acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Uric acid needs minimum water.

Question 9: Which one is NOT a function of the kidney?
(a) Osmoregulation
(b) Salt retention
(c) Excretion
(d) Synthesis of urea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Synthesis of urea

Explanation:
1. Urea is made in the liver, not the kidney.

Teacher's Note:
1. The kidney excretes urea.

Question 10: Which one of the following is the simplest excretory organ?
(a) Alveoli
(b) Flame cells
(c) Nephridia
(d) Kidney
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Flame cells

Explanation:
1. Flame cells (protonephridia) of flatworms are the simplest excretory structures.

Teacher's Note:
1. Earthworms have nephridia.

Question 11: Ammonia is the chief excretory substance in:
(a) Camel and whale
(b) Cartilaginous fishes
(c) Whale and tortoise
(d) Fresh water fishes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Fresh water fishes

Explanation:
1. Freshwater fishes excrete ammonia by diffusion through gills.

Teacher's Note:
1. Water is abundant for them.

Question 12: Uric acid excretion is an adaptation for:
(a) Water conservation
(b) Water removal
(c) Osmoregulation
(d) None
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Water conservation

Explanation:
1. Uric acid is excreted as a paste with very little water.

Teacher's Note:
1. Terrestrial birds, reptiles and insects use this.

Question 13: NH3 is:
(a) Less toxic
(b) Toxic
(c) Highly toxic
(d) None
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Highly toxic

Explanation:
1. Ammonia is the most toxic nitrogenous waste.

Teacher's Note:
1. It needs large water for excretion.

Question 14: NH3 changes into urea in the presence of:
(a) Arginase enzyme
(b) Urinase enzyme
(c) Xanthine oxidase
(d) Uricase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Arginase enzyme

Explanation:
1. In the ornithine cycle arginase gives the urea, and the whole cycle converts ammonia to urea.

Teacher's Note:
1. The cycle also needs CO2.

Question 15: Mammals are characterised by:
(a) Metanephric kidney with loop of Henle
(b) Mesonephric kidney without Henle's loop
(c) Metanephric kidney without Henle's loop
(d) Pronephric kidney with loop
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Metanephric kidney with loop of Henle

Explanation:
1. Mammals have metanephric kidneys with a loop of Henle, which lets them produce concentrated urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Birds have a few nephrons with a loop.

Question 16: Podocytes are present in the:
(a) Afferent arteriole
(b) Efferent arteriole
(c) Peritubular network
(d) Bowman's capsule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Bowman's capsule

Explanation:
1. Podocytes are specialised cells of the inner wall of the Bowman's capsule with filtration slits.

Teacher's Note:
1. They form the filtration membrane.

Question 17: The inner wall of the urinary bladder is composed of:
(a) Unstriped muscles
(b) Striped muscles
(c) Stratified epithelium
(d) Transitional epithelium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Transitional epithelium

Explanation:
1. Transitional epithelium stretches when the bladder fills.

Teacher's Note:
1. The wall also has smooth muscle outside.

Question 18: Excretory materials are formed in:
(a) Kidney
(b) Rectum
(c) Liver
(d) Every cell of the body
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Every cell of the body

Explanation:
1. All body cells produce metabolic wastes, which the kidney eliminates.

Teacher's Note:
1. The liver forms urea.

Question 19: The process by which drugs and toxins are mainly excreted is:
(a) Ultrafiltration
(b) Digestion in the form of excreta
(c) Tubular secretion
(d) Diffusion
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Tubular secretion

Explanation:
1. Many drugs and toxins are actively secreted into the tubular lumen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tubular secretion also regulates pH.

Question 20: Conversion of ammonia to urea is done by the ______ cycle.
(a) Ornithine cycle
(b) Arginine cycle
(c) Fumaric cycle
(d) Citrulline cycle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Ornithine cycle

Explanation:
1. The ornithine cycle (urea cycle) converts ammonia to urea.

Teacher's Note:
1. Citrulline and arginine are intermediates.

Question 21: The movement of ions against the concentration gradient will be:
(a) Active transport
(b) Osmosis
(c) Diffusion
(d) All
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Active transport

Explanation:
1. Movement against a gradient requires energy and so is active transport.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diffusion is down the gradient.

Question 22: The correct order of excretory organs in cockroach, earthworm and rabbit respectively is:
(a) Skin, Malpighi tubules, kidney
(b) Malpighi tubules, nephridia, kidney
(c) Nephridia, malpighian tubules, kidney
(d) Nephridia, kidney, green gland
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Malpighi tubules, nephridia, kidney

Explanation:
1. The cockroach has Malpighian tubules, the earthworm has nephridia and the rabbit has kidneys.

Teacher's Note:
1. Prawn has green glands.

Question 23: Which one of the following body functions is NOT performed by kidneys?
(a) Excretion
(b) Osmoregulation
(c) Regulation of blood volume
(d) Destruction of dead blood corpuscles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Destruction of dead blood corpuscles

Explanation:
1. Dead RBCs are destroyed by the spleen and liver.

Teacher's Note:
1. Kidneys also secrete erythropoietin and renin.

Question 24: In mammals, nitrogen is excreted in the form of:
(a) Ammonium ion
(b) Ammonia
(c) Uric acid
(d) Urea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Urea

Explanation:
1. Mammals are ureotelic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Urea is much less toxic than ammonia.

Question 25: Which one of the four parts does NOT constitute a part of a single uriniferous tubule?
(a) Bowman's capsule
(b) Distal convoluted tubule
(c) Loop of Henle
(d) Collecting duct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Collecting duct

Explanation:
1. Several nephrons open into a collecting duct, which is not a part of a nephron.

Teacher's Note:
1. The nephron is Bowman's capsule, PCT, loop of Henle and DCT.

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