NEET Biology Excretory Products and Their Elimination MCQs Set 12

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The least toxic nitrogenous waste is
(a) uric acid
(b) ammonia
(c) urea
(d) creatinine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) uric acid

Explanation:
1. Uric acid is least toxic and needs the least water for excretion, while ammonia is most toxic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Uric acid is excreted as pellets or paste.

Question 2: Which of the following groups is ammonotelic?
(a) Reptiles, birds and land snails
(b) Mammals and adult frogs
(c) Birds only
(d) Bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects

Explanation:
1. Ammonotelic animals are mostly aquatic and excrete ammonia directly.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mammals and adult amphibians are ureotelic; birds, reptiles and land snails are uricotelic.

Question 3: Excretory structure in cockroach, flatworms, crustaceans and earthworms respectively are
(a) Malpighian tubules, flame cells, green glands, nephridia
(b) flame cells, nephridia, Malpighian tubules, green glands
(c) green glands, Malpighian tubules, nephridia, flame cells
(d) nephridia, green glands, flame cells, Malpighian tubules
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Malpighian tubules, flame cells, green glands, nephridia

Explanation:
1. Cockroach has Malpighian tubules, Platyhelminthes flame cells, crustaceans green (antennal) glands and earthworm nephridia.

Teacher's Note:
1. Vertebrates have kidneys.

Question 4: The notch on the concave inner surface of the kidney through which ureter, blood vessels and nerves enter is the
(a) calyx
(b) pelvis
(c) pyramid
(d) hilum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) hilum

Explanation:
1. The hilum is the notch in the kidney leading to the renal pelvis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Projections of the pelvis are calyces.

Question 5: The projections of the cortex that extend between the medullary pyramids are called
(a) calyces
(b) columns of Bertini
(c) renal pelvis
(d) loops of Henle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) columns of Bertini

Explanation:
1. The columns of Bertini separate medullary pyramids.

Teacher's Note:
1. The outer zone of the kidney is the cortex.

Question 6: The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together form the
(a) loop of Henle
(b) Malpighian body (renal corpuscle)
(c) collecting duct
(d) juxtaglomerular apparatus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Malpighian body (renal corpuscle)

Explanation:
1. The Malpighian body is the filtering unit of the nephron.

Teacher's Note:
1. The PCT follows it.

Question 7: Epithelial cells of the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule are called
(a) podocytes
(b) goblet cells
(c) macrophages
(d) osteocytes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) podocytes

Explanation:
1. Podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner leaving filtration slits.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ultrafiltration forms about 180 litres of filtrate per day.

Question 8: The glomerular filtration rate in a healthy adult is about
(a) 125 mL per minute (180 litres per day)
(b) 12.5 mL per minute
(c) 1250 mL per minute
(d) 1.8 litres per day
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 125 mL per minute (180 litres per day)

Explanation:
1. GFR is about 125 mL per minute or 180 litres per day.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is regulated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Question 9: Which nephron has a very short loop of Henle that goes only a little into the medulla and lacks vasa recta?
(a) Cortical nephron
(b) Juxtamedullary nephron
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Glomerulus
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cortical nephron

Explanation:
1. In cortical nephrons the loop is short and vasa recta is absent or reduced.

Teacher's Note:
1. Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops and vasa recta.

Question 10: The counter current mechanism of the loop of Henle and vasa recta helps in
(a) maintaining the concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium
(b) filtration of blood
(c) secretion of renin
(d) collection of urine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) maintaining the concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium

Explanation:
1. Opposite flows in the limbs and in the vasa recta maintain a gradient up to about 1200 mOsm per litre, enabling concentrated urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. NaCl and urea contribute to this gradient.

Question 11: Angiotensin II also stimulates the adrenal cortex to release
(a) aldosterone
(b) adrenaline
(c) cortisol
(d) ADH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) aldosterone

Explanation:
1. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na+ and water from DCT, raising blood volume and pressure.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is part of the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Question 12: Presence of glucose in urine is called
(a) ketonuria
(b) uremia
(c) hematuria
(d) glycosuria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) glycosuria

Explanation:
1. Glycosuria and ketonuria are indicative of diabetes mellitus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ketonuria is the presence of ketone bodies.

Question 13: Accumulation of urea in the blood is called
(a) glycosuria
(b) ketonuria
(c) nephritis
(d) uremia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) uremia

Explanation:
1. Uremia occurs in kidney failure and is very harmful; it may damage the kidney.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hemodialysis removes urea in such cases.

Question 14: Insoluble masses of crystallised salts formed within the kidney are called
(a) glomerulonephritis
(b) renal calculi
(c) uremia
(d) gout
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) renal calculi

Explanation:
1. Renal calculi are kidney stones of oxalates and other salts.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli.

Question 15: The average pH of urine is about
(a) 6.0
(b) 8.5
(c) 3.0
(d) 10
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 6.0

Explanation:
1. Normal urine is slightly acidic, with pH around 6.

Teacher's Note:
1. About 25 to 30 g of urea is excreted per day.

Question 16: Micturition is initiated by signals from the CNS after stretching of the
(a) ureter
(b) urethra
(c) kidney pelvis
(d) urinary bladder
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) urinary bladder

Explanation:
1. Stretch receptors of the filled bladder send signals to CNS, which causes contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is a reflex under voluntary control.

Question 17: The hormone erythropoietin is secreted by
(a) the adrenal medulla
(b) the thymus
(c) the pituitary
(d) the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney

Explanation:
1. JG cells secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates erythropoiesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. The kidney thus acts as an endocrine organ.

Question 18: Tubular secretion by tubular cells helps to maintain
(a) blood glucose only
(b) ionic and acid-base balance
(c) body temperature
(d) heart rate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) ionic and acid-base balance

Explanation:
1. Tubular cells secrete H+, K+ and ammonia into the filtrate, maintaining ionic and pH balance of body fluids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids is active.

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