Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Excretory Products and Their Elimination
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) Malpighian tubules : cockroach
(b) Antennal glands : Planaria
(c) Nephridia : earthworm
(d) Protonephridia : Amphioxus
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Antennal glands : Planaria
Explanation:
1. Planaria has flame cells (protonephridia)
2. Antennal or green glands are the excretory organs of prawns.
Teacher's Note:
1. Match each animal with its excretory organ.
(a) Malpighian body
(b) PCT
(c) DCT
(d) Loop of Henle
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Loop of Henle
Explanation:
1. The loop of Henle dips into the medulla
2. The Malpighian body, PCT and DCT lie in the cortex.
Teacher's Note:
1. Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops.
(a) Many bony fishes, amphibians, insects
(b) Marine fishes, amphibians, aquatic insects
(c) Mammals, birds, reptiles
(d) Many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians, aquatic insects
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians, aquatic insects
Explanation:
1. Ammonotelic animals are mostly aquatic, such as many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects.
Teacher's Note:
1. Mammals are ureotelic and birds uricotelic.
(a) Nearly 99 per cent of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
(b) Nearly all essential nutrients are reabsorbed by the PCT
(c) The DCT can also reabsorb HCO3-
(d) Reabsorption of hydrogen and potassium ions occurs in the DCT
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Reabsorption of hydrogen and potassium ions occurs in the DCT
Explanation:
1. The DCT secretes hydrogen and potassium ions to maintain pH and ion balance, rather than reabsorbing them.
Teacher's Note:
1. Tubular secretion occurs in PCT and DCT.
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) Henle's loop
(d) Bowman's capsule
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) DCT
Explanation:
1. In the DCT, reabsorption of Na+ and water is conditional on hormones such as aldosterone and ADH.
Teacher's Note:
1. The PCT absorbs most solutes unconditionally.
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Henle's loop
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Collecting duct
Explanation:
1. The terminal part of the collecting duct allows a small amount of urea to enter the medullary interstitium, helping the osmolarity gradient.
Teacher's Note:
1. Urea contributes to medullary osmolarity.
(a) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv
(b) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
(c) A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
(d) A-i, B-ii, C-iv, D-iii
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
Explanation:
1. Glycosuria is glucose in urine, ketonuria is ketone bodies in urine, glomerulonephritis is inflamed glomeruli and uremia is excess urea in blood.
Teacher's Note:
1. These are urinary disorders.
(a) An increase in body fluid volume stimulates ADH release
(b) A fall in glomerular blood flow can activate JG cells to release renin
(c) Angiotensin II, a powerful vasodilator, decreases glomerular blood pressure
(d) Decrease in blood flow to the atria causes release of ANF
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) A fall in glomerular blood flow can activate JG cells to release renin
Explanation:
1. Reduced glomerular blood flow activates the JG cells to release renin
2. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor, and ANF is released when atrial blood flow increases.
Teacher's Note:
1. Renin starts the RAAS cascade.
(a) PCT and DCT
(b) PCT and Henle's loop
(c) DCT and Henle's loop
(d) Collecting duct and Bowman's capsule
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) PCT and DCT
Explanation:
1. Bicarbonate is reabsorbed in the PCT and DCT.
Teacher's Note:
1. The collecting duct secretes H+.
(a) Glucose and water
(b) Glucose and Na+
(c) Amino acids and urea
(d) Na+ and water
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Glucose and Na+
Explanation:
1. Glucose, amino acids and Na+ are reabsorbed actively
2. Water is reabsorbed passively by osmosis.
Teacher's Note:
1. Urea is reabsorbed passively.
(a) Relaxation of smooth muscles of the urinary bladder
(b) Contraction of the urethral sphincter
(c) Relaxation of the urethral sphincter
(d) Peristalsis in the ureter
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Relaxation of the urethral sphincter
Explanation:
1. The bladder contracts and the urethral sphincter relaxes during micturition.
Teacher's Note:
1. It is a reflex controlled by the CNS.
(a) a, b, c
(b) a, d, e
(c) c, d, e
(d) b, c, e
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) a, d, e
Explanation:
1. Angiotensin II increases glomerular blood pressure and GFR, and it does not act on the JG cells to release renin
2. Statements b and c are correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. It also raises BP.
(a) Glucose and water
(b) Water only
(c) H+ and K+ ions
(d) Water and H+ ions
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Water only
Explanation:
1. The collecting duct reabsorbs large amounts of water to concentrate urine.
Teacher's Note:
1. It also secretes H+ and K+.
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) Descending limb of Henle's loop
(d) Ascending limb of Henle's loop
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Descending limb of Henle's loop
Explanation:
1. The descending limb is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes.
Teacher's Note:
1. The ascending limb is impermeable to water.
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) Descending limb of Henle's loop
(d) Ascending limb of Henle's loop
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Ascending limb of Henle's loop
Explanation:
1. The ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes.
Teacher's Note:
1. The descending limb absorbs water.
(a) Ammonia is the most toxic form and requires a large amount of water for its elimination
(b) Kidneys do not play a significant role in ammonia removal
(c) Human kidneys can produce only hypertonic urine nearly five times as concentrated as the initial filtrate
(d) Urea may be retained in the kidney matrix of some animals to maintain a desired osmolarity
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Human kidneys can produce only hypertonic urine nearly five times as concentrated as the initial filtrate
Explanation:
1. Human kidneys can produce urine about four times as concentrated as the initial filtrate (1200 mOsm per litre against 300).
Teacher's Note:
1. Counter-current mechanism concentrates urine.
(a) Na+ and K+
(b) NaCl and urea
(c) NaCl, water and HCO3-
(d) Urea, K+ and HCO3-
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) NaCl and urea
Explanation:
1. NaCl and urea create the medullary osmotic gradient.
Teacher's Note:
1. Vasa recta maintains the gradient.
(a) H+ ions
(b) Ammonia
(c) Creatinine
(d) Urea
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Urea
Explanation:
1. H+, ammonia and creatinine are secreted in PCT. Urea is filtered and partly reabsorbed.
Teacher's Note:
1. Tubular secretion maintains pH.
(a) PCT and Henle's loop
(b) Henle's loop and vasa recta
(c) Collecting duct and DCT
(d) Collecting duct and PCT
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Henle's loop and vasa recta
Explanation:
1. The counter-current mechanism in Henle's loop and vasa recta builds the medullary gradient needed for concentrated urine.
Teacher's Note:
1. Both are U-shaped.
(a) On average 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute
(b) The glomerular filtrate is blood plasma without proteins
(c) GFR in a healthy individual is about 125 ml per minute or 180 litres per day
(d) The complete blood plasma is filtered in ultrafiltration
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) The complete blood plasma is filtered in ultrafiltration
Explanation:
1. Plasma proteins are not filtered, so the filtrate is plasma without proteins.
Teacher's Note:
1. Only small molecules cross the filtration membrane.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Excretory Products and Their Elimination
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FAQs
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