NEET Biology Excretory Products and Their Elimination MCQs Set 04

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: If Henle's loop were absent from the mammalian nephron, which would be expected?
(a) There will be no urine formation
(b) There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed
(c) The urine will be more concentrated
(d) The urine will be more dilute
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) The urine will be more dilute

Explanation:
1. Without the loop the medullary gradient is not formed, so urine could not be concentrated.

Teacher's Note:
1. The loop is vital to conserve water.

Question 2: Which one does NOT filter out from blood into the Bowman's capsule in glomerular ultrafiltration?
(a) Amino acids
(b) Polypeptide
(c) Glucose
(d) Fatty acids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Polypeptide

Explanation:
1. Polypeptides (large proteins) are too large to be filtered.

Teacher's Note:
1. Small molecules pass through.

Question 3: The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is about:
(a) 10 to 25 mm Hg
(b) 50 to 80 mm Hg
(c) 80 to 100 mm Hg
(d) 30 to 50 mm Hg
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 10 to 25 mm Hg

Explanation:
1. The glomerular pressure of about 55 mm Hg is opposed by the colloid osmotic and capsular pressures, which leaves a net filtration pressure of about 10 mm Hg.

Teacher's Note:
1. Of the options, only 10 to 25 mm Hg matches.

Question 4: Haemodialysis helps a patient having:
(a) Uraemia
(b) Anaemia
(c) Diabetes
(d) Goitre
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Uraemia

Explanation:
1. Haemodialysis removes urea and other wastes from blood in kidney failure.

Teacher's Note:
1. The artificial kidney does this.

Question 5: Water reabsorption in the distal parts of kidney tubules is regulated by:
(a) STH
(b) TSH
(c) ADH
(d) MSH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ADH

Explanation:
1. ADH increases water permeability of the DCT and collecting duct.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is released by the posterior pituitary.

Question 6: Due to insufficient filtration in the Bowman's capsule, all are likely to happen EXCEPT:
(a) Accumulation of fluid in the body
(b) Increase in blood pressure
(c) Increase in blood urea level
(d) Loss of glucose through urine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Loss of glucose through urine

Explanation:
1. Loss of glucose depends on the reabsorption capacity, not on reduced filtration.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reduced filtration retains wastes and water.

Question 7: Urinary excretion of Na+ is regulated by:
(a) Anterior pituitary
(b) Posterior pituitary
(c) Adrenal cortex
(d) Adrenal medulla
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Adrenal cortex

Explanation:
1. Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex controls Na+ reabsorption.

Teacher's Note:
1. ANF increases Na+ excretion.

Question 8: In the kidney, the formation of urine involves the processes arranged as:
(a) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption and tubular secretion
(b) Reabsorption, filtration and secretion
(c) Secretion, absorption and filtration
(d) Filtration, secretion and reabsorption
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption and tubular secretion

Explanation:
1. Urine formation involves filtration, then reabsorption and then secretion.

Teacher's Note:
1. These occur in different parts of the nephron.

Question 9: Which of the following is mismatched?
(a) Bowman's capsule - glomerular filtration
(b) PCT - absorption of Na+ and K+
(c) DCT - absorption of glucose
(d) Collection duct - absorption of water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) DCT - absorption of glucose

Explanation:
1. Glucose is reabsorbed in the PCT, not the DCT.

Teacher's Note:
1. The DCT regulates Na+, K+, H+ and pH.

Question 10: If the ADH level in blood is low:
(a) Volume of urine increases
(b) Volume of urine decreases
(c) Volume of urine is normal
(d) Volume of urine is unaffected
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Volume of urine increases

Explanation:
1. Low ADH reduces water reabsorption, so a large volume of dilute urine is passed.

Teacher's Note:
1. This happens in diabetes insipidus.

Question 11: The main function of the glomerulus is:
(a) Filtration of blood
(b) Reabsorption of H2O
(c) Reabsorption of Na+
(d) Concentration of urine
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Filtration of blood

Explanation:
1. The glomerular capillary tuft filters blood plasma.

Teacher's Note:
1. The tubules do the reabsorption.

Question 12: Absorption of water in the DCT is controlled by:
(a) ADH
(b) ACTH
(c) Renin
(d) Oxytocin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ADH

Explanation:
1. ADH acts on the DCT and collecting duct.

Teacher's Note:
1. ACTH acts on the adrenal cortex.

Question 13: The glomerular filtrate contains:
(a) Blood without blood cells and proteins
(b) Plasma without sugar
(c) Blood with proteins but without cells
(d) Blood without urea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Blood without blood cells and proteins

Explanation:
1. The filtrate is plasma without cells and proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. It has glucose, amino acids, salts and urea.

Question 14: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is present in the:
(a) Tubule of the kidney
(b) Bowman's capsule
(c) Glomerulus of uriniferous tubule
(d) Malpighian tubule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Glomerulus of uriniferous tubule

Explanation:
1. The hydrostatic pressure of blood inside the glomerular capillaries drives filtration.

Teacher's Note:
1. The capsule has a back pressure.

Question 15: Absorption of Na+ and K+ ions does NOT occur in the:
(a) Bowman's capsule
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Distal convoluted tubule
(d) Proximal convoluted tubule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Bowman's capsule

Explanation:
1. Bowman's capsule only filters. Reabsorption occurs in the tubule.

Teacher's Note:
1. Filtration is not reabsorption.

Question 16: The liquid which collects in the cavity of the Bowman's capsule is:
(a) Blood plasma minus blood proteins
(b) Glycogen and water
(c) Urea, glycogen and water
(d) Urea
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Blood plasma minus blood proteins

Explanation:
1. The filtrate is plasma without proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is called the glomerular filtrate.

Question 17: Blood dialysis is called:
(a) Artificial lung
(b) Artificial kidney
(c) Artificial heart
(d) Artificial brain
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Artificial kidney

Explanation:
1. A haemodialysis machine acts as an artificial kidney.

Teacher's Note:
1. Dialysis uses a cellophane membrane.

Question 18: The complete reabsorption of glucose takes place in the:
(a) Collecting tubule
(b) Distal tubule
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule
(d) Henle loop
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Proximal convoluted tubule

Explanation:
1. All glucose is normally reabsorbed in the PCT.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glucose in urine indicates diabetes mellitus.

Question 19: A condition of failure of the kidney to form urine is called:
(a) Creatinine
(b) Hematuria
(c) Anuria
(d) Ketonuria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Anuria

Explanation:
1. Anuria is the complete absence of urine formation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Oliguria is a reduced output.

Question 20: Diuresis is the condition in which:
(a) The volume of urine excreted increases
(b) The volume of urine excreted decreases
(c) The kidney fails to excrete urine
(d) The water balance of the body is disturbed
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The volume of urine excreted increases

Explanation:
1. Diuresis means increased urine output.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is the opposite of oliguria.

Question 21: The presence of RBCs in urine is called:
(a) Anuria
(b) Haematuria
(c) Glycosuria
(d) Ketonuria
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Haematuria

Explanation:
1. Haematuria means blood in urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glycosuria means sugar in urine.

Question 22: The urine of a human being suffering from diabetes insipidus is:
(a) Tasteless and thick
(b) Sweet and thick
(c) Tasteless and watery
(d) Sweet and watery
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Tasteless and watery

Explanation:
1. Lack of ADH produces large volumes of dilute urine without sugar.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diabetes mellitus gives sweet urine.

Question 23: What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being?
(a) Death due to poisoning
(b) Uraemia and death
(c) Stoppage of urination
(d) Nothing, the person will survive and the remaining kidney will become hypertrophied
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Nothing, the person will survive and the remaining kidney will become hypertrophied

Explanation:
1. One kidney can handle the work and enlarges to compensate.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is compensatory hypertrophy.

Question 24: Which type of kidneys are found in amphibians?
(a) Holonephric
(b) Mesonephric
(c) Pronephric
(d) Metanephric
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Mesonephric

Explanation:
1. Adult amphibians have mesonephric kidneys.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mammals and birds have metanephric kidneys.

Question 25: In diabetes insipidus, the patient drinks more water as there is a urinary loss of:
(a) Salt
(b) Insulin
(c) Protein
(d) Water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Water

Explanation:
1. Lack of ADH leads to loss of large amounts of water in urine.

Teacher's Note:
1. The thirst compensates for the loss.

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